day one obj: explain the circumstances involved with second great removal of native american tribes...
TRANSCRIPT
Day One
• OBJ: Explain the circumstances involved with second great removal of Native American tribes by the federal government.
• Evaluate federal Indian policy in the late 1800’s
THE TRAIL OF TEARSTHE TRAIL OF TEARS
• CHEROKEE INDIANS EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI FORCED WEST
• THOUSANDS DIED OF STARVATION AND SICKNESS WHILE MARCHING TO RESERVATIONS
Major Indian Major Indian Clashes:Clashes:
1860-18901860-1890
SAND CREEK MASSACRE
Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington
Kill and scalp all, big and little!Kill and scalp all, big and little!Sandy Creek, CO MassacreSandy Creek, CO Massacre
November 29, 1864November 29, 1864
SAND CREEK MASSACRESAND CREEK MASSACRE
• COLORADO-1864COLORADO-1864• CHEYENNE CHIEF BLACK KETTLE CHEYENNE CHIEF BLACK KETTLE
HAD RAISED A WHITE FLAG AND HAD RAISED A WHITE FLAG AND AMERICAN FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF AMERICAN FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF PEACEPEACE
• US GOVERNMENT OPENED FIRE US GOVERNMENT OPENED FIRE KILLING SOME 450 INDIANSKILLING SOME 450 INDIANS
• 2/3 WERE WOMEN AND CHILDREN2/3 WERE WOMEN AND CHILDREN
The Battle of Little Big The Battle of Little Big HornHorn18761876
BATTLE OF LITTLE BIG BATTLE OF LITTLE BIG HORNHORN
• THOUSANDS OF PROSPECTORS THOUSANDS OF PROSPECTORS BEGAN NITRIDING THE SACRED BEGAN NITRIDING THE SACRED BURIAL GROUNDS OF THE SIOUXBURIAL GROUNDS OF THE SIOUX
• SIOUX LED BY CHIEF SITTING SIOUX LED BY CHIEF SITTING BULL AND FAMOUS WARRIOR BULL AND FAMOUS WARRIOR CRAZY HORSECRAZY HORSE
• US ARMY LED BY GEORGE CUSTERUS ARMY LED BY GEORGE CUSTER• SIOUX KILLED ALL 265 SOLDIERSSIOUX KILLED ALL 265 SOLDIERS• ““CUSTERS LAST STAND”CUSTERS LAST STAND”
Chief JosephChief Joseph
Nez Percé tribal Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877)retreat (1877)
THE NEZ PERCE OF THE NEZ PERCE OF OREGONOREGON
• DECIDED TO FIGHT INSTEAD OF DECIDED TO FIGHT INSTEAD OF BEING FORCED OFF THE LANDBEING FORCED OFF THE LAND
• LED BY CHIEF JOSEPHLED BY CHIEF JOSEPH• LED HIS PEOPLE ON A 1500 MILE LED HIS PEOPLE ON A 1500 MILE
TREKTREK
“I AM TIRED; MY I AM TIRED; MY HEART IS SICK AND HEART IS SICK AND SAD; I WILL FIGHT SAD; I WILL FIGHT NO MORE NO MORE FOREVER”FOREVER”
CHIEF JOSEPH
Western ReservationsWestern Reservations
Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 18901890
WOUNDED KNEE-1890WOUNDED KNEE-1890
• ARMY TROOPS WERE DISARMING ARMY TROOPS WERE DISARMING SIOUX WARRIORSSIOUX WARRIORS
• SOLDIERS ARMED WITH NEWLY SOLDIERS ARMED WITH NEWLY DEVELOPED MACHINE GUNS DEVELOPED MACHINE GUNS
• 200 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN 200 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN GUNNED DOWN IN THE SNOWGUNNED DOWN IN THE SNOW
Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless BodyBody
Wounded Knee, SD, 1890Wounded Knee, SD, 1890
Land Lost by Native Americans: Land Lost by Native Americans: 18941894
Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today
A WAY OF LIFE A WAY OF LIFE DESTROYED DESTROYED
• MILLIONS OF BUFFALO MILLIONS OF BUFFALO DESTROYED –THIS WAS THE DESTROYED –THIS WAS THE INDIANS SOURCE OF LIFEINDIANS SOURCE OF LIFE
• THE WHITE MENTALITY: “EVERY THE WHITE MENTALITY: “EVERY BUFFALO DEAD IS AN INDIAN BUFFALO DEAD IS AN INDIAN GONE”GONE”
ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION
• THE IDEA THAT INDIANS SHOULD BE ABSORBED INTO WHITE CULTURE (IN ESSENCE TRYING TO MAKE THEM WHITE!)
DAWES ACT
DAWES ACTDAWES ACT
• RESERVATION LANDS WERE RESERVATION LANDS WERE BROKEN INTO PLOTS OF 80 ACRES BROKEN INTO PLOTS OF 80 ACRES TO BE GIVEN OUT TO INDIAN TO BE GIVEN OUT TO INDIAN FAMILIES TO FARMFAMILIES TO FARM
• REMAINING LAND SOLD TO WHITESREMAINING LAND SOLD TO WHITES• IF AN INDIAN AGREED TO THIS IF AN INDIAN AGREED TO THIS
PLAN COULD BECOME CITIZENS OF PLAN COULD BECOME CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATESTHE UNITED STATES
LIFE ON THE LIFE ON THE RESERVATIONRESERVATION
• INDIANS BECAME LEGAL INDIANS BECAME LEGAL DEPENDENTS OF THE UNITED DEPENDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTSTATES GOVERNMENT
• CONDITIONS WERE HARSH WITH CONDITIONS WERE HARSH WITH POOR QULITY FOOD AND CLOTHINGPOOR QULITY FOOD AND CLOTHING
• ILLNESS, ALCHOLISM, ILLNESS, ALCHOLISM, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND DESPAIR UNEMPLOYMENT, AND DESPAIR SOARESOARE