day1 panel3a divan - ieee · day1_panel3a_ divan author: hk created date: 3/7/2014 3:28:55 pm
TRANSCRIPT
Grid Edge Control
Deepak Divan, IEEE Fellow President & CTO, Co-‐Founder -‐ Varentec
1
ISGT’14 Session: Utility Applications of Power Electronics and Renewable Power Integration
Background: Electric U<li<es in Transi<on
Intermi@ent + Dispatchable Genera<on 1600 GW peak (@20% RPS)
+ more T&D
on-‐demand loads
§ 10,000’s of generators § Visibility to dynamics required § Dynamic control needed at periphery
§ 100’s of generators § Poor visibility at periphery § Control is central, slow
Dispatchable Genera<on 1000 GW peak
on-‐demand loads
2
Limita<ons of Centralized Primary Side Control
• Dynamic voltage drop across distribuEon transformers 2 -‐ 8 volts • MulE-‐point control required, not possible with central command & control • Distributed dynamic Volt VAR Control (VVC) needed, not FACTS • Lack of grid edge control limits benefits of many Smart Grid iniEaEves
page 3
ConvenEonal Centralized VVO System
SCADA
Primary Distribution Network-‐ LTC, Cap Bank, LVR, EOL sensor etc
MeterHeadend
VVO Service Transformer
Service Transformer
Service Transformer
Loss of control at grid edge
Feeder EKG™ -‐ Vola<lity at the Grid Edge volta
ge
NO GRID EDGE CONTROL
volta
ge
lower voltage limit -‐ ANSI
NO GRID EDGE CONTROL
Lack of Edge Control Limits VVO/CVR
ENGO-‐V: Distributed Grid Control
Distributed Power Control
Wireless Comms
Data Manager Diagnos<cs
Head-‐end Data PlaYorm
Autonomous Distributed Volt-‐VAR Control
U T I L I T Y O P S
Voltage Sensing Event Capture
§ Decentralized Volt VAR regulator unit § Regula<on, monitoring, comms all in one box § Fast, autonomous, sub-‐cycle VAR injec<on § System analy<cs & diagnos<cs
dnp3
6
ΔV = 5 volts
WITH GRID EDGE CONTROL
Field Data: 40 Units on a Feeder
ΔV of 5 volts enables 2X peak demand control
NO GRID EDGE CONTROL
Impact of PV Dynamics on Grid Voltage
Source: San Diego Gas & Electric
• Voltage instability at PV penetra<on > 10-‐15% • Dispatched slow Cap Banks cannot solve voltage vola<lity
8
VAR Support Using PV Inverters
• Standard Q/V VAR control strategy used by PV inverters worldwide
• Normal ANSI band is +/-‐ 5% ! PV inverters don’t support grid
• Smart inverters working autonomously will fight each other
• U<lity VVO/CVR objec<ves directly conflict PV grid integra<on 9
Grid Edge Control Reduces Impact of PV Solar on the Grid
ENGO ON ENGO OFF
10
Similar Partly Cloudy Days
11
Value Proposi<on Benefits
CVR/VVO Energy Savings Fix low voltage nodes, allowing improved energy conservaEon
Peak Load ReducEon On-‐demand peak load reducEon with no customer involvement
Line Loss ReducEon PF Improvement
Dispatch VARs to improve substaEon power factor and transmission support
PV Dynamics MiEgaEon Dynamic VARs can help miEgate primary side voltage volaElity due to distributed PV
Dynamic VAR InjecEon Dynamic voltage support for momentaries and FIDVR events
Reduced OperaEon of Primary Assets
Reduce LTC/LVR/cap bank operaEon for longer asset life
Improved Reliability and Power Quality
Improved voltage compliance, miEgaEon of low-‐voltage pockets and reliability/power quality improvements
Feeder AnalyEcs Improved Visibility
Secondary side visibility and feeder level analyEcs
Value of Grid Edge Control
12 Grid Edge Control -‐ Summary
• New paradigm: distributed, decentralized,
dynamic control at the grid edge
• Complements exis<ng centralized
command & control
• Absorbs dynamics of distributed PV
• Allows many Smart Grid ini<a<ves to
deliver on promised value
• Delivers visibility and analy<cs at edge
Edge of Network Grid Optimization