days until the ap test!
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Days until the AP test!. Please get out obj #22-24 for a stamp Please read the board. Wetlands are Wonderful!. Brainstorm challenge!. One minute!. Differences? “river” vs. “wetland”. Legal definition of a “wetland”. Hydric soils - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WETLANDS ARE WONDERFUL!
BRAINSTORM CHALLENGE! One minute!
DIFFERENCES? “RIVER” VS. “WETLAND”
LEGAL DEFINITION OF A “WETLAND” Hydric soils
Anaerobic; grey in color (lacks O2 to turn Fe particles red)
Hydrophilic plantsBladderwartSedges, rushes, reeds
HydrologyStanding water at least two weeks of the
year
DIFFERENCES? Wetlands vs.
rivers –Slower waterMore plant
lifeMore shallowMay be
seasonal/ephemeral
FLOATING HYDROPHYTES
EMERGENT HYDROPHYTES
WETLAND TYPES• bogs and fens of the northeastern and
north-central states and Alaska• wet meadows or wet prairies in the
Midwest• prairie potholes like the Katy Prairie• playa lakes of the southwest and Great
Plains• bottomland hardwood swamps of the
south• tundra wetlands of Alaska.• Coastal salt marshes or tidal marshes
ACIDIC ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS IN BOGS PRESERVE ORGANIC MATERIALS
GALVESTON – TIDAL MARSHES
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF
WETLANDS
NATURAL WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT, NEUTRALIZES ACIDS/BASESFILTERS OUT SEDIMENT (PLANT STEMS/STILL WATER)PROVIDES DECOMPOSITION OPPORTUNITIES (REMOVING PLANT NUTRIENTS, OXYGEN DEMANDING WASTES)
FLOOD PROTECTION – COHESION OF POLAR WATER IN HYDRIC SOILS
HABITAT AND BIODIVERSITY
REST STOPS FOR MIGRATORY WATERFOWL
EROSION PROTECTION DURING STORMS
NURSERY FOR YOUNG FISH, CRABS, SHRIMP Louisiana's
coastal marshes produce an annual commercial fish and shellfish harvest that amounted to 1.2 billion pounds worth $244 million in 1991.
WETLANDS HAVE RECREATIONAL, HISTORICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND CULTURAL VALUES.
• More than half of all U.S. adults (98 million) hunt, fish, birdwatch or photograph wildlife. They spend a total of $59.5 billion annually. Painters and writers continue to capture the beauty of wetlands on canvas and paper, or through cameras, and video and sound recorders.
THREATS TO WETLANDS Historically, they
were considered “wastelands”
Development Agriculture
IN THE COASTAL WATERSHEDS OF THE ATLANTIC, PACIFIC, THE GULF OF MEXICO, AND THE GREAT LAKES,
WETLANDS WERE LOST AT AN AVERAGE RATE OF ABOUT 80,000 ACRES PER YEAR
BETWEEN 2004 AND 2009.
Half of the original wetlands have been destroyed!
BUT! WE CAN BRING THEM BACK! Restoration projects in our area.
WETLANDS REMOVE WATER POLLUTANTS Sediment Oxygen demanding wastes Acids Plant nutrients (nitrates/phosphates)
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS CAN BE USED TO CLEAN WATER
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT
Wastewater is initially treated in an underground primary and secondary treatment system (SANTEC Model SC-26K) before being pumped to the tertiary system. Eight of the treatment cells were planted with a variety of broad- and narrow-leaved emergent plants, and six of the cells were planted with three species of woody plants. Capacity of the system in 1994 was 6,800 galloons per day and, when plants matured, final capacity was 13,800 gallons per day.
THE KATY PRAIRIE The Katy Prairie