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Printable ResourcesIt’s NOT Easy Being Green Algae!

Student Resources:Appendix A: Pre/Post-TestAppendix B: Engineering Design Challenge and RubricAppendix C: Material Price ListAppendix D: Decision Analysis Matrix Appendix E: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” Article AnalysisAppendix F: PSA RubricAppendix G: Laboratory Report Rubric

Teacher Resources:Appendix H: Pre/Post-Test KEYAppendix I: Is Algae the Fuel of the Future? Article Analysis KEYAppendix J: Resource HyperlinksAppendix K: Teaching NotesAppendix L: Vacuum Filtration Set-Up Diagram

Students with Special Needs Resources:Appendix A-2: Pre/Post-TestAppendix E-2: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” Article AnalysisAppendix G-2: Laboratory Report RubricAppendix I-2: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” Article Analysis KEYAppendix M-2: VocabularyAppendix N-2: Vocabulary KEYAppendix O-2: Vocabulary Cards

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Appendix A: Pre/Post-Test

Name: __________________________________Date: _________________Period: ________

1. Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide and water into:A. water and oxygenB. oxygen and glucoseC. glucose and waterD. carbon dioxide and glucose.

2. If a container containing 2L of water contains 700 mg of green algae, calculate the density of the algae in water using milligrams per liter.A. 2.85 * 10^-3 mg/LB. 1.4 * 10^3 mg/LC. 3.5*10^2mg/LD. 6.98*10^2 mg/L

3. Which of the following events in history led to the use of oil as a source of fuel?A. The Industrial Revolution B. Mining for coalC. Drilling for petroleumD. Introduction of motorized carsE. All of the above

4. In order for cellular respiration to occur in animals, which of the following is needed?A. SoilB. OxygenC. Carbon DioxideD. WaterE. Both A and BF. All of the above

5. After 1 day of growth our 600 mL of water contains 387 mg of algae growth. After 3 days of growth our water contains 511 mg. Find the average rate of change in algae growth per day.A. 44.5 mg/dayB. 62 mg/dayC. 213 mg/dayD. 124 mg/day

Draft: 5/5/2023

6. Using the information from #5 complete the table showing the amount of algae.Days of Growth Amount of Algae

1 387 mg23 511 mg

4

7. As you watch the news, you hear the word “sustainability.” In the space below, give an example of a sustainable resource and domain specific vocabulary to describe what makes a resource is sustainable.

8. List and explain two reasons for developing sustainable alternatives to burning fossil fuels.

9. As a biochemical engineer your task is to develop a sustainable source of energy derived from plant sources for your community. You have access to a 10-acre farm with good fertile soil and a shallow 2-acre pond. Analyze the table on the right. Then identify and explain two specific crops that you would propose for use as a sustainable source of energy.

10. Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, use domain specific vocabulary.

Draft: 5/5/2023

CropOil Yield (gallons/acre)

Corn 18

Cotton 35

Soybean 48

Mustard Seed 61

Sunflower 102

Rapeseed/Canola 127

Jatropha 202

Oil Palm 635Algae(10 g/m2/day at

15% TAG)

1,200

Algae(50 g/m2/day at

50% TAG)

10,000

Appendix B: Engineering Design Challenge and RubricName: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______

Engineering Design ChallengeYour team of biochemical engineers is focused on the issue of fossil fuel resources depletion in America. Your client, Green-n-Go, is interested in utilizing green algae for a bio-fuel resource.

Therefore, your engineering team is tasked with creating an algae growth chamber prototype that accelerates green algae production. You have been given a budget of $500.00 to construct an

effective prototype following the engineering design process. Upon completion of the challenge, your design and supporting research must be presented to Green-n-Go in the form of a lab report and

infomercial.

Determine Design Challenge Goals: As a team, refer to the “Decision Analysis Matrix Instructions” and the Decision Analysis Matrix” to determine goals for completing the engineering design challenge.Brainstorming Designs: Keeping in mind your team’s design goals, individually plan and sketch your own conceptual design idea with needed materials listed, dimensions labeled and details and reasoning noted. Then present your idea to the team as it is scored on the decision analysis matrix.Final Design: Use the decision analysis matrix results as a guide for choosing a team final design. Sketch the team’s conceptual design plan with needed materials listed, dimensions labeled and details and reasoning noted. Save this sketch for your final report. Technical Aspect of Design: Describe the math, science and engineering principles that you applied in designing your project. Describe the logical reasoning as to why you chose one shape over another. How does this project connect to what you are learning in class? Testing the Design: Determine a method for testing your design, including specific information regarding how your algae weighed. Record results, noting details regarding any modifications made to the prototype throughout the testing time.Analyze and Report Results: Analyze your recorded data, and plan your presentation.

Engineering Design Challenge Rubric:

4 3 2 1

Building Materials

Design uses four or more different types of materials. Total material cost is less than $500.

Design uses three different types of materials. Total material cost is $500.

Design uses two different types of materials. Total material cost is more than $500.

Design uses one type of material. Total material cost is more than $500.

Documentation of Evidence

Provides justification, application, or synthesis accurately documenting testing methods (related to the engineering design process) and results with diagram, chart, table, and/or spreadsheet formats.

Accurate and thorough documentation of all testing methods (related to the engineering design process) and results with diagram, chart, table, and/or spreadsheet formats.

Minor inconsistencies evident in documentation of testing methods (related to the engineering design process) and results with diagram, chart, table, and/or spreadsheet formats.

Inconsistent documentation of testing methods (related to the engineering design process) and results with diagram, chart, table, and/or spreadsheet formats.

Engineering Design Process

Synthesizes detailed records of the prototype’s evolution based on the iterative nature of the engineering design process.Final design can be replicated.

Provides detailed records of the prototype’s evolution based on the iterative nature of the engineering design process.Final design can be replicated.

Provides records of the prototype’s evolution based on the iterative nature of the engineering design process.Replication of final design would require additional information.

Provides records of the prototype’s evolution based on the iterative nature of the engineering design process.Final design cannot be replicated.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix C: Material Price List

Team Algae Growing Chamber Total Budget = $500.00

Material PriceGatorade Bottle $100.0024 oz Glad Container $150.006 Inch Piece of Aluminum Foil $10.00Gallon Size Ziploc Freezer Bag $50.00Aluminum Pie Plate $25.00Drinking Straw $15.00Balloon $20.00Empty Milk Carton $125.00Craft Stick $15.00Aquarium Gravel $100.00Pipe Cleaners $15.004-inch Piece of PVC $50.00Active Dry Yeast Packet $60.00Alka-Seltzer Tablet $60.00Plastic Flexible Tubing $80.0018g or 1 tbs. Miracle Grow $110.00Hot Glue Gun $50.00Hot Glue Stick $10.00Piece of Sand Paper $20.00Roll of Scotch Tape $40.00Roll of Masking Tape $60.00500 ml Beaker $25.00Distilled Water (1 liter) $150.005g of Algae $125.00

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix D: Decision Analysis Matrix

Decision Analysis Techniques in Engineering DesignMethod of Weighted Factors

Margaret Pinnell, PhD

This method of decision analysis can be used whenever a difficult choice must be made such as choosing a college or a certain product, etc. Step-by-step instructions for using

this method as a tool for assessing design plan ideas are provided below.

Identifying the objectives and constraints for a particular topic can assist in make a final decision. Safety should always be on the list, but some other items might include

aesthetics, cost, ease of maintenance, performance (ability to function as intended), recyclability, etc.

Instructions for Using the Matrix:

1. Identifying goals, or objectives and constraints. Objectives are components that would be nice to have include, while constraints are components that must be included

2. Determine the relative importance of each of these goals by assigning each a weight from 1–10: 10 being of most importance, and 1 being of little importance (may be nice to have, but doesn’t really matter). Because constraints are required components, they will be assigned a weight of 10. Note that some weights may be used more than once, while others not at all.

3. As a team, discuss each conceptual design and rank it from 1-3 according its ability to meet each identified goal: 3 being completely meeting the goal, and 1 not meeting the goal. Note some designs may have equal performance and may achieve the same rating; an example is shown below.

4. For each design, multiply each attributed goal-weighting factor by the determined ranking. Then add to find the total value for the design.

5. The design scoring highest total value may be considered the “best.” Keep in mind though, that there is a significant amount of subjectivity to this approach. Therefore, if the total values for two designs are very close, these designs should be considered more deeply. Note that it is reasonable to pull a high-ranking component from a design scoring a lower total value and incorporate it into the final design plan.

An example of a decision analysis regarding the purchase of a car is provided on the next page. This example was completed through the eyes of a college student who is looking for a new car to transport her from home to school. The ranking was done without any research, but certainly actual values could be obtained from reliable resources regarding relative safety, cost, gas mileage etc. If this information is available, this research should be done, but this is just a quick example. The college student, with input from her parents, identified the following factors that would help her decide which car to purchase. They decided that safety was, by far, the most important factor.

Since this was for a college student, cost-related issues including price of the car, cost of upkeep/maintenance and gas mileage were all very important as well. The student didn’t really have more than a suitcase that she would need to carry, so cargo room was not that important, but would be nice to have in case she did have some larger things to bring home. Also, since she only needed the car to last her through her 4 (or 5) years in college, the “life span” of the car was only marginally important. The college student protested regarding aesthetics, after all, she wanted a cool ride, so aesthetics were pretty important to the student. The student considered three cars available at a dealer close to her home.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Resultant Sheet:

Results of this decision analysis suggest that car 1 is the best choice for the student. However, had these factors been weighted differently, the results might have changed.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Team Prototype Decision Analysis Matrix

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix E: “Is Algae the Biofuel of the Future?” Article Analysishttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=algae-biofuel-of-future

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______1. What algae oil projections did Sapphire Energy make for the years 2018 and 2020?

2. Explain what is meant by “new concepts” of algae.

3. Describe a benefit of growing algae in non-potable water.

4. Explain and describe the benefits of the unique technology used at Sapphire Energy.

5. Sapphire Energy’s algae-based jet fuel was tested on a commercial airline. List the testing results. Describe one implication Continental Airlines experienced as a result of the testing.

6. List and describe a benefit of using algae as a fuel feedstock.

7. List and describe two ways that companies are attempting to obtain more CO2 for facilitating greater algae growth and production.

8. Explain conditions suitable for effective algae growth.

Draft: 5/5/2023

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=algae-biofuel-of-future

9. Describe Tim Zenk’s suggestions for future policy changes. Identify a positive and a negative reaction to these suggestions.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix F: Team PSA Rubric

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______

Team Name: _________________________________________________________________

4 3 2 1

Length of infomercial

PSA is 4 minutes or 6 minutes total. All members are featured.



PSA is 2 or less minutes or more than 7 minutes total – OR- not all members are featured.

Organization

The team presents a claim and findings, emphasizing 3 points on the importance of algae as a sustainable biofuel.

The team presents a claim and findings, emphasizing 3 points on the importance of algae as a sustainable biofuel.

The team presents claims and findings emphasizing 2 points on the importance of algae as a sustainable biofuel.

The team presents claims and findings emphasizing less than 2 points on the importance of algae as a sustainable biofuel.

Relevancy

Ideas are focused, and include all of the following:

Relevant evidence

Valid reasoning Well-chosen

details

Ideas are focused, and include all of the following:

Relevant evidence


details

Ideas are focused, and include 3 of the following:

Relevant evidence.

Valid reasoning. Well-chosen

details.

Ideas are confusing, but include 2 of the following:

Relevant evidence


details.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix G: Laboratory Report Rubric

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______4 3 2 1

Introduction

Includes all of the following: Problem Statement, Background

research, Defined objective &

constraints Need for designing

such a prototype.

Includes all of the following: Problem Statement, Background

research, Defined objectives

& constraints

Includes 2 of the following: Problem Statement, Background

research Defined objectives

& constraints

Includes 1 of the following: Problem Statement Background research Defined objectives &

constraints

Design Selection

Includes the following: 4 design sketches Design choice and

matrix explanation


matrix explanation


matrix explanation

Includes the following: 2 design sketches NO Design choice

and matrix explanation

Final Design

Includes all of the following: Final photo of

prototype Dimensions Materials used and

reasoning Computer

generated model

Includes all of the following: Final photo/ sketch

of prototype Dimensions, Materials used and

reasoning

Includes 2 of the following: Final photo/ sketch

of prototype Dimensions Materials used and

reasoning

Includes 1 of the following: Final photo/ sketch of

prototype Dimensions Materials used and

reasoning

ResultsIncludes a total of 4 or more charts and/ or graphs.

Includes a total of 3 charts and/ or graphs.

Includes a total 2 charts and/ or graphs.

Includes a total of 1 chart and/or graph.

Conclusions

Includes synthesis of: An evaluation of the

final design, How well the final

design met objectives

A summary of key findings.

4 suggestions for improvements.

Potential redesign of prototype

Examples of future use of prototype

Includes: An evaluation of the

final design, How well the final

design met objectives






final design. How well the final

design met objectives.






final design. How well the final

design met objectives. A summary of key

findings. 1 suggestion for

improvement. Potential redesign of

prototype. Examples of future

use of prototype.

References

Properly cites more than 2 resources from: Book sources Journal articles Credible website.

Properly cites 2 resources from: Book sources Journal articles Credible website.

Cites 2 resources with minor errors from: Book sources Journal articles Credible website.

Improperly cites 2 resources with minor errors from: Book sources Journal articles Credible website.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix H: Pre/Post-Test KEY

1. Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide and water into:A. water and oxygenB. oxygen and glucoseC. glucose and waterD. carbon dioxide and glucose.

2. If a container containing 2L of water contains 700 mg of green algae, calculate the density of the algae in water using milligrams per liter.A. 2.85 * 10^-3 mg/LB. 1.4 * 10^3 mg/LC. 3.5*10^2mg/LD. 6.98*10^2 mg/L

3. Which of the following events in history led to the use of oil as a source of fuel?A. The Industrial Revolution B. Mining for coalC. Drilling for petroleumD. Introduction of motorized carsE. All of the above

4. In order for cellular respiration to occur in animals, which of the following is needed?A. SoilB. OxygenC. Carbon DioxideD. WaterE. Both A and BF. All of the above

5. After 1 day of growth our 600 mL of water contains 387 mg of algae growth. After 3 days of growth our water contains 511 mg. Find the average rate of change in algae growth per day.A. 44.5 mg/dayB. 62 mg/dayC. 213 mg/dayD. 124 mg/day

Draft: 5/5/2023

RATE= mg/ liter 700mg/2L = 350 mg/LScientific Notation 3.5 X 102

Slope = Change in growth Change in days

511 mg – 387mg 124 mg 62 mg/ day

6. Using the information from #5 complete the table showing the amount of algae. Days of Growth Amount of Algae

1 387 mg2 449 mg3 511 mg

4 573 mg

7. As you watch the news, you hear the word “sustainability.” In the space below, give an example of a sustainable resource and domain specific vocabulary to describe what makes a resource is sustainable. Answers will vary. An example of a 2 point answer is:An example of a sustainable resource would be solar power. Solar power is sustainable because it is harnessing unlimited energy from the sun to create power.

2 points 1 pointAnswer includes an example of sustainable resource and a description of the sustainability of this resource.

Answer includes only an example of sustainable resource -OR - a description of the sustainability of this resource.

8. List and explain two reasons for developing sustainable alternatives to burning fossil fuels.Answers will vary. An example of a 4 point answer is:Two reasons for a sustainable alternative to burning fossil fuels are: 1. to protect the environment from harmful toxins and pollutions. Burning fossil fuels creates an abundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere creating a hole in ozone and other problems. 2. We are going to run out of fossil fuels and will need a form of energy to run daily activities. Drilling for oil and burning coal is a staple in the world today and we are using this resource up at an alarming rate. Pretty soon we are going to run out of this resource.

4 points 3 points 2 points 1 pointAnswer includes all of the following :Identifying 2 reasons provides 2 explanations for a sustainable alternative to burning fossil fuels

Answer includes 3 of the following :Identifying 2 reasons provides 2 explanations for a sustainable alternative to burning fossil fuels



9. As a biochemical engineer your task is to develop a sustainable source of energy derived from plant sources for your community. You have access to a 10-acre farm with good fertile soil and a shallow 2-acre pond. Analyze the table on the right. Then identify and explain two specific crops that you would propose for use as a sustainable source of energy.Answers will vary. An example of a 2 point answer is:As a biochemical engineer in charge of sustainable energy, for my community I would grow sunflowers on the land and harvest algae (

Draft: 5/5/2023

Using information form #5: Just add 62 mg for every da on the chart.387 + 62 =449 mg449 +62 = 511 mg511 +62 = 573 mg


Corn 18

Cotton 35

Soybean 48

Mustard Seed 61

Sunflower 102

Rapeseed/Canola 127

Jatropha 202


15% TAG)

1,200


50% TAG)

10,000

50 g/m2/day at 50% TAG) in the pond. The sunflowers will produce 1,020 gallons of oil and the algae will produce 20,000 gal a day. The water in the pond will grow algae as well as water the 10 –acres of sunflowers.

2 points 1 pointAnswer will include BOTH a specific crop (s) and an explanation of choice.

Answer will include one of the following: a specific crop (s) and an explanation of choice.

10. Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, use domain specific vocabulary.Photosynthesis is the process that plants undergo that uses the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Respiration is the process that animals undergo during cellular metabolism to convert oxygen and sugars (glucose) into carbon dioxide and water. These processes are similar in that they both convert energy from one form to another at the cellular level. Photosynthesis converts solar energy to chemical energy and respiration converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. These processes are different in that photosynthesis occurs in plants whereas respiration occurs in animals.

4 points 3 points 2 points 1 pointAnswer includes all 4 of the following: Definition of

photosynthesis Definition of

respiration Compares the two

processes Contrasts the two

processes

Answer includes 3 of the following: Definition of




processes





processes





processes

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix I: Is Algae the Fuel of the Future? KEY

1. What algae oil projections did Sapphire Energy make for the years 2018 and 2020?Sapphire Energy projected that they will be producing 100 million gallons by 2018 and 1 billion by the year 2020.

2. Explain what is meant by “new concepts” of algae.Algae are organisms that consume large amounts of carbon while making a liquid fuel rather then creating a large amount of carbon. The liquid fuel made can be used and alternate energy source.

3. Describe a benefit of growing algae in non-potable water. The benefit of growing algae in non-potable water is that there is no need to cut down forests for use as farm fields.

4. Explain and describe the benefits of the unique technology used at Sapphire Energy.The unique technology used at Sapphire Energy is that the fuel produced can be used with existing pipelines.

5. Sapphire Energy’s algae-based jet fuel was tested on a commercial airline. List the testing results. Describe one implication Continental Airlines experienced as a result of the testing. Results of the experiment were successful and showed that biofuel can perform like traditional jet fuel without modifications to the engines as well as get better gas mileage. An implication is eliminating the need for changing engine and airframe technologies in aircraft for the future.

6. List and describe a benefit of using algae as a fuel feedstock.One benefit of algae used as fuel feed stock is massive consumption of carbon dioxide the greenhouse gas.

7. List and describe two ways that companies are attempting to obtain more CO2 for facilitating greater algae growth and production. Companies are transporting water and CO2 to their algae production facilities. Developing new technologies to grow algae fast by reusing CO2 emissions from power plants and used it to produce algae directly at the power plant.

8. Explain conditions suitable for effective algae growth. Algae can grow in any climate and with minimal water, just needs sunlight.

9. Describe Tim Zenk’s suggestions for future policy changes. Do the suggestions will have a positive or a negative effect? Provide reasoning for your position.Zen suggests that Congress enact policies, which give credit to companies for beneficial reuse of their carbon.Answers will vary, but should be for or against and give a reason for their position.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix J: Resource Hyperlinks

Bednar, R.(Director) (2009) Earth 2100 [DVD] http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Earth2100

Nova Science Now Online Clip: “Algae Fuel” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/algae-fuel.html

Scientific American Article “ Is Algae the Biofuel of the Future?”http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=algae-biofuel-of-future

Additional Resource:

Ted Talk: Jonathan Trent “Algae Pods” (14m46s):www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_trent_energy_from_floating_algae_pods.html

Draft: 5/5/2023

http://www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_trent_energy_from_floating_algae_pods.html

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=algae-biofuel-of-future

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/algae-fuel.html

http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Earth2100

Appendix K: Teaching Notes

Background Information: Photosynthesis is the process that plants undergo that uses the energy from the sun to convert Carbon Dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Photosynthesis converts solar energy to chemical energy that is then used by the plant and animals for energy. Respiration is the process that animals undergo during cellular metabolism to convert Oxygen and sugars (glucose) into Carbon Dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis and Respiration are processes that work off each other to convert energy from one form to another at the cellular level.

What is Algae? Algae are tiny biological factories that use photosynthesis to transform carbon dioxide and sunlight into energy so efficiently that they can double their weight several times a day. In addition to using process of photosynthesis, algae produces oil and can generate 15 times more oil per acre than other plants used for bio-fuels, such as corn and switch grass. Algae can grow in salt water, freshwater or even contaminated water, at sea or in ponds, and on land not suitable for food production.

In order to extract the oil from algae, a drying process must be implemented filtering off the water and leaving behind the algae and the oil. This process is done using a vacuum filtration system that is attached to a faucet aspirator on a laboratory sink.

Draft: 5/5/2023

PhotosynthesisCarbon Dioxide + Water Food +

Oxygen

Cellular Respiration Oxygen + Food Carbon Dioxide +

Water

Appendix L: Vacuum Filtration Set-Up Diagram

Draft: 5/5/2023

Printable Resources-2It’s NOT Easy Being Green Algae!Modified Resources for Students with Special Needs.

Appendix A-2: Pre/Post-Test

Appendix E-2: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?”

Appendix G-2: Laboratory Report Rubric

Appendix I-2: Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” KEY

Appendix M-2: Vocabulary

Appendix N-2: Vocabulary KEY

Appendix O-2: Vocabulary Cards

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix A-2: Pre/Post-Test

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______

1. Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide and water into:A. water and oxygenB. oxygen and glucose

2. If a container containing 2L of water contains 700 mg of green algae, calculate the density of the algae in water using milligrams per liter.A. 3.5*10^2mg/LB. 6.98*10^2 mg/L

3. Which of the following events in history lead to the use of oil as a source of fuel?A. The Industrial Revolution B. Mining for coalC. Drilling for petroleumD. Introduction of motorized carsE. All of the above

4. In order for cellular respiration to occur in animals, which of the following is needed?A. SoilB. OxygenC. WaterD. Both A and B

5. After 1 day of growth our 600 mL of water contains 387 mg of algae growth. After 3 days of growth our water contains 511 mg. Find the average rate of change in algae growth per day.A. 44.5 mg/dayB. 62 mg/day

Draft: 5/5/2023

6. Using the information from #5 complete the table showing the amount of algae.Days of Growth Amount of Algae

1 387 mg23 511 mg

4

7. As you watch the news, you hear the word “sustainability.” In the space below, give an example of a sustainable resource and domain specific vocabulary to describe what makes a resource is sustainable.

8. List and explain one reasons for developing sustainable alternatives to burning fossil fuels.

9. As a biochemical engineer your task is to develop a sustainable source of energy derived from plant sources for your community. You have access to a 10-acre farm with good fertile soil and a shallow 2-acre pond. Analyze the table on the right. Then identify and explain two specific crops that you would propose for use as a sustainable source of energy.

10. Define the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, use domain specific vocabulary.

Draft: 5/5/2023


Corn 18

Cotton 35

Soybean 48

Mustard Seed 61

Sunflower 102

Rapeseed/Canola 127

Jatropha 202


15% TAG)

1,200


50% TAG)

10,000

Appendix E-2: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” Article AnalysisName:_____________________________ Date: _________________Period: ______

1. What is the name of the LaJolla, California based company announcing the production of 100 million gallons of diesel & jet fuel a year by 2018 and 1 billion gallons a year by 2020?

2. This is enough to meet almost ________________ of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) of 36 billion gallons.

3. There is a problem with this plan. ____________ ______ makes no room for _______-_________ _______ in the RFS.

4. Who is Tom Zenk?

5. Zenk said, “There needs to be ______________ __________ done to incorporate these new concepts like _________________________.

6. Algae-based fuel producers use _______________, water, and ___________ ___________ to convert carbon dioxide into sugar, which the algae metabolize into __________________, or oil.

7. Sapphire tested its company’s algae-based jet fuel what commercial airline?

8. According to Shannon, what was Continental’s primary role in the test flight? Why was it important?

9. What is another benefit of algae as a fuel stock?

Draft: 5/5/2023

10. Algae can grow in almost any climate with minimal ________ and ___________.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix G-2: Laboratory Report Rubric

Appendix I-2: “Is Algae the Fuel of the Future?” Article Analysis Answer KEY

Draft: 5/5/2023

3 2 1

Introduction Missing one of the following: Problem Statement, background research, and defined objectives and constraints

Missing 2 of the following: Problem Statement, background research, and defined objectives and constraints

Missing 3 or more of the following: Problem Statement, background research, and defined objectives and constraints

Design Selection

Includes 4 design sketches Includes 3 design sketches Includes less than 3 design sketches

Final Design Includes final photo/ sketch of prototype, dimensions, and materials used

Missing one of the following: final photo/ sketch of prototype, dimensions, and materials used,

Missing 2 or more of the following: final photo/ sketch of prototype, dimensions, and materials used,

Technical Aspects

Includes a description of the use of math, science and engineering principles used in design

Missing one of the following descriptions of the use of math, science and engineering principles used in design

Missing 2 or more of the following descriptions of the use of math, science and engineering principles used in design

Results Includes 3 chart and/ or graph combinations

Includes 2 chart and/ or graph combinations

Includes one chart and/or graph combination

Conclusions Includes: an evaluation of the final design, how well the final design failed to meet the objectives, and summary of key findings

Missing one of the following: an evaluation of the final design, how well the final design met objectives, and summary of key findings

Missing 2 or more of the following: an evaluation of the final design, how well the final design met objectives, and summary of key findings

Recommendations

Includes: 3 recommendations, a potential redesign of prototype, and examples of future use of prototype

Missing one of the following: 3 recommendations, a potential redesign of prototype, and examples of future use of prototype

Missing 2 or more of the following: 3 recommendations, a potential redesign of prototype, and examples of future use of prototype

References Includes: 2 book references, 2 journal article references and one website. NO WIKIPEDIA

Missing one of the following: 2 book references, 2 journal article references and one website. NO WIKIPEDIA

Missing 2 or more of the following: 2 book references, 2 journal article references and one website. –or- uses Wikipedia as a cited source.

1. What is the name of the LaJolla, California based company announcing the production of 100 million gallons of diesel & jet fuel a year by 2018 and 1 billion gallons a year by 2020?Sapphire Energy

2. This is enough to meet almost 3% of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) of 36 billion gallons.

3. There is a problem with this plan. Federal Law makes no room for Algae – based Fuel in the RFS.

4. Who is Tom Zenk? Vice Preseident of corporate affairs at Sapphire

5. Zenk said, “There needs to be policy work done to incorporate these new concepts like algae.

6. Algae-based fuel producers use sunlight , water, and Carbon DIoxide to convert carbon dioxide into sugar, which the algae metabolize into lipids or oil.

7. Sapphire tested its company’s algae-based jet fuel what commercial airline?Continental Airlines

8. According to Shannon, what was Continental’s primary role in the test flight? Why was it important?To show that bio-fuel blend would perform just like traditional jet fuel witout modifications of the engines or aircraft.

9. What is another benefit of algae as a fuel feedstock?Massive consumption of carbon dioxide

10. Algae can grow in almost any climate with minimal water and sunlight.

Draft: 5/5/2023

Appendix M-2: Vocabulary

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______

Draft: 5/5/2023

1. _____ Energy

2. _____ Transform

3. _____ Renewable Energy

4. _____ Nonrenewable Energy

5. _____ Inexhaustible Energy

6. _____ Sustainable Energy

7. _____ Photosynthesis

8. _____ Cellular Respiration

9. _____ Biofuel

10. _____ Biomass

11. _____ Dry Weight

12. _____ Sustainability

a. To change into something else.b. An energy source that is replenished

continually.c. Energy sources that meet present

needs, but do not compromise future needs.

d. The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water and certain organic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae and certain bacteria by using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.

e. The oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes.

f. Something’s ability to endure.g. An energy source that is used up

much faster than it can be replaced.h. The total amount of living material in a

given habitat, population or sample.i. Energy that cannot be used up by

humans for many years.j. Used to express biomass and is the

weight of the living material after the removal of the water.

k. The ability to do work or to cause change.

l. A source of energy derived from living matter.

Appendix N-2: Vocabulary KEY

Name: _____________________________Date: _________________Period: ______

Draft: 5/5/2023

1. __K__ Energy

2. __A__ Transform

3. __B__ Renewable Energy

4. __G__ Nonrenewable Energy

5. __I___ Inexhaustible Energy

6. __C__ Sustainable Energy

7. __D__ Photosynthesis

8. __E__ Cellular Respiration

9. __L__ Biofuel

10. __H__ Biomass

11. __J__ Dry Weight

12. __F__ Sustainability

a. To change into something else.b. An energy source that is replenished

continually.c. Energy sources that meet present

needs, but do not compromise future needs.

d. The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water and certain organic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae and certain bacteria by using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.

e. The oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes.

f. Something’s ability to endure.g. An energy source that is used up

much faster than it can be replaced.h. The total amount of living material in a

given habitat, population or sample.i. Energy that cannot be used up by

humans for many years.j. Used to express biomass and is the

weight of the living material after the removal of the water.

k. The ability to do work or to cause change.

l. A source of energy derived from living matter.

Appendix O-2: Vocabulary Cards

Draft: 5/5/2023

Draft: 5/5/2023

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