DBMS

DBMSTypes of DatabaseOperational - operating activities infoAnalytical - summarized dataDistributed local departmental level dataEnd user final outputs dataHypermedia interconnected multimedia pagesExternal Navigation In memory computer dataDocument oriented file namesReal time constantly changing workload informationRelational inter connected details

DBMS ConceptsRelation1-to-1 (two tables match single record) to many (table 1 match many content in table 2 but not visa versa )Many to many ( above plus visa versa)RedundancyInconsistencyConstraintsPropagating updatesInstances information of data at a particular point in timeLogical data representation using tablesPhysical data data in soft form stored in hard formSchema logical design of databaseData dictionary -

Keys - Two tables have elements which have common associationPrimary key fields having unique records (roll no.) cant be kept nullSuper key combine primary and other key ( dob and roll no. still unique keyCandidate key fields tat can uniquely identify data from a tableAlternate key candidate keys which are not primary keysComposition key combi of more than 1 primary keyForeign key key for information in another tableNormalizationRepeated data to be removed from the database without affecting effectivenessFunctional dependence relation between attributes of a tableMultivalve dependence value of one attribute associated with value of other attributeMethods of NormalizationFirst Normal FormSecond Normal FormThird Normal FormBoyce Codd Normal FormFourth Normal Form

Communication technologies Communication technology in organizationCommunication processTelecommunication

Networking Basics of networkDataPathwayProtocolNeeds for networkingComponents of NetworkMedia wires, cables, cellularProcessor modem, routers, gatewaysSoftware Channel analog/digital, switched/non switchedArchitecture of networkPeer to peerClient server7 layers of OSI ModelPhysical voltage fluctuationsData link grouping of dataNetwork routing the data through the channelTransport check path of data transferSession establish links btw computersPresentation reflect the data in systemApplication provide network services for further communication

Types of NetworkLANPrivately owned network of an organizationWANNetwork to cover a wide geographic areaEnterprise WANGlobal WANMANConnects LAN and WANPAN / HANCANVANIntranetExtranet Network TopologiesStar NetworkBus NetworkRing NetworkClient Server Network

Decision Support System (DSS)Types of decisionDecision making processSimons Model for decision makingIntelligence phaseDesign phaseChoice phase

Techniques for DMPareto AnalysisListing problemGrouping options of solutionsApplying scoresWorking out the group with highest scorePaired comparisonGrid AnalysisPMI Plus Minus InterestingSix thinking HatsStar burstingForce Field AnalysisCost benefitDecision TreeLinear ProgrammingDelphi techniqueReactive Decision making

DSSIS to provide managers with information for effective decision makingFacilitates what if conditionsGiven by Meador and Ness in 1974Components of DSSDBMKMModel managementUser Interface ManagementDSS ArchitectureDSS Network models who can interconnectDSS Bridge link model and databaseDSS Sandwich link multiple modelsDSS Tower tiers and tools for data extraction

Analytical Models of DSSWhat if AnalysisSensitivity AnalysisGoal SeekingOptimizationTypes of DSSModel Driven manipulate data to generate reports and analysis. Helps to vie situation from different anglesCommunication Driven supports group decision making by allowing free flow of informationData driven consider data as a vital source for decision making in the companyDocument driven helps search web pages and folders from keywords. Helps compile audio, written and visual dataKnowledge driven give advice related to various problems to the user. Based on analysis of dataWeb based all dss can be web based. Connects all the above dss to the web to enhance effectivenessTool supporting DSSETL extraction transformation and loadingOLAP online analytical processingROLAP Relational online analytical processingMOLAP Multidimensional online analytical processingHOLAP Hybrid online analytical processingDialogue management hw and sw interface componentsGroup DSSSupports a team of decision makersConnects and enables data sharingElementsGroupHardwareSoftwareNetwork Executive Support SystemConvert large data into useful summarized reportsQuick accessUnderstandable by people of all levels in the organization

Knowledge Management in BusinessExplicit knowledgeTacit knowledgeDimensions of KnowledgeKnowledge CultureExperience sharingExploring knowledgeSharing knowledgeFlexible organization

Knowledge ManagementConceptKnowledge Sources written, unwritten, expertsKnowledge Acquisition Knowledge Support SystemSwHwProgrammingUser interfaceKnowledge ManagementKnowledge WorkerStrategic Advantage with KSSKnowledge creating companyLearning OrganizationValue chain enhancementProtection of Corporate KnowledgeLegal measuresInstrumental measuresStrategic measures TransactionMeaningTypes internal and externalTPS ApplicationManufacturingCommunicationFinanceTravel

IT and GlobalizationUse of IT in different businessGlobalizationAdvantagesDisadvantagesMNC cultureNeed of MIS in MNCConnectivityGlobal viewImproved business communicationImproved decision makingTime and operational efficiencyChallenges in International BusinessCompetitionUncertaintySocial conditionsPolitical and regulatory issuesRisk of failureDiversity managementGlobal information system (GIS)Human systemEnvironmental systemComputer systemChallenges in DIS developmentDifference in user requirementDifference in business processDifference in collaboration and integrationDifference in user skillsGIS MethodologiesTransformational approachMultinational approachInternational approachExpert Offshore Trends in global businessVirtual organizationsTechnical consolidationAdministrative consolidationProcedural consolidationConsolidation of WorkOutsourcing Intentions leading to outsourcingProcedure Disadvantages