dcom
TRANSCRIPT
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• DCOM
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Broadcom Products
1 Broadcom's product line spans computer and telecommunication
networking: the company has products for enterprise/metropolitan
high-speed networks, as well as products for SOHO (small-office,
home-office) networks
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Broadcom Products
1 Broadcom also shut down its Blu-ray
chip business
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Broadcom NICs and networking
1 All major hardware vendors include (amongst other vendors like Intel)
Broadcom NICs in their workstation and server-products. Even when
hardware vendors implement Ethernet NICs on the motherboard
they are marketed as Broadcom. For example the Dell blade-switch M610
has two embedded Gigabit NetXtreme 5709 NICs.
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Broadcom Trident+ ASIC
1 The latest Broadcom Trident+ ASIC is used in many high-speed 10Gb+ switches from the largest switch-
vendors such as: Cisco Nexus switches running NX-OS, Dell Force10 running FTOS, all Arista 7050-series
switches, the IBM/BNT 8264, and Juniper QFX3500.
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Broadcom Consumer design components
1 Broadcom also provides components for a number of high-profile consumer devices:
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Broadcom Consumer design components
1 Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for Apple
iPhone 3GS and iPod touch second generation.
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Broadcom Consumer design components
1 In Q2 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip” as deployed in millions of notebooks and PDAs across the
globe, enabling Nintendo 802.11b connectivity with DS and 802.11g for the Wii. More specifically, Broadcom would provide Bluetooth connectivity
for Wii's controller.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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Broadcom Consumer design components
1 In 2012 Broadcom started producing systems on the chips and first
system on chip which produced by Broadcom is BCM28155 which used
in Samsung Galaxy S II Plus and Samsung Galaxy Grand.
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Broadcom Notable employees
1 Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of trellis coded modulation
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Broadcom Notable employees
1 Sophie Wilson, designer of the ARM CPU instruction set
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Broadcom Notable employees
1 Larry Wall, creator of the Perl programming language
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Broadcom Broadcom and Linux
1 Some free and open source drivers are available and included in the Linux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless
chips Broadcom produces. Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel some
Broadcom chips have kernel support but require external firmware to be
built.
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Broadcom Broadcom and Linux
1 In 2003, the Free Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not
complying with the GNU General Public License as Broadcom
distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without
making that code public.
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Broadcom Broadcom and Linux
1 The chipset was adopted by Linksys which was later purchased by Cisco. Cisco eventually published source
code for the firmware for its WRT54G wireless broadband router under the
GPL-license.
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Broadcom Broadcom and Linux
1 In October, Broadcom's commitment to the free software community was underlined when the previously proprietary parts of the Raspberry Pi userland were released under a BSD-style license, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to
partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source drivers", although this claim has not
been universally accepted.
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Broadcom Manufacturing
1 Broadcom is known as a fabless company
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Broadcom Stock options scandal
1 On July 14, 2006, Broadcom announced it had to subtract
$750,000,000 from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On
September 8, 2006 the amount was doubled to $1.5 billion. The company
may also owe additional taxes. On January 24, 2007, it announced a restatement of its financial results
from 1998 to 2005 that totaled $2.22 billion.
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Broadcom Stock options scandal
1 On May 15, 2008, Samueli, Broadcom CTO, resigned as chairman
of the board and took of a leave of absence as Chief Technology Officer
after being named in a civil complaint by the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC).
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Broadcom Stock options scandal
1 On June 5, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and former CEO Henry Nicholas and former CFO William Ruehle were indicted on charges of
illegal stock-option backdating. Nicholas was also indicted for violations of federal
narcotics laws. However, in December 2009, federal judge Cormac J. Carney threw out the options backdating charges against Nicholas
and Ruehle after finding that federal prosecutors improperly tried to prevent three
defense witnesses from testifying.
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Broadcom Qualcomm litigation and settlement
1 On April 26, 2009, Broadcom settled four years of legal battles over wireless and other patents with Qualcomm Inc., another fabless
semiconductor company headquartered in San Diego,
California, USA.
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Broadcom Qualcomm litigation and settlement
1 The deal ended the patent litigation as well as complaints of anti-
competitive behavior before trade commissions in the U.S., Europe and
South Korea. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891
million in cash to Broadcom over a 4-year period ending June 2013.
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Broadcom Qualcomm litigation and settlement
1 In June 2007, the U.S. International Trade Commission blocked the import of new cell phone models based on particular Qualcomm microchips. They found that these Qualcomm
microchips infringe patents owned by Broadcom.
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Broadcom BroadVoice
1 For other uses, see BroadVoice.
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Broadcom BroadVoice
1 Broadcom authored its own VoIP codecs in 2002, and released them as open source with LGPL license in
2009:
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Broadcom BroadVoice
1 BroadVoice 16 with declared bitrate 16 kbit/s and audio sampling frequency 8 kHz
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Broadcom BroadVoice
1 BroadVoice 32 with declared bitrate 32 kbit/s and sampling rate of 16 kHz (note however that X-Lite SIP phone's
menu declares bitrate 80000 bit/s)
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 In September 2011, Broadcom bought NetLogic Microsystems for a $3.7 billion deal in cash, excluding
around $450 million of NetLogic employee shareholdings, which will
transfer to Broadcom.
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 Besides a big deal above, through the years, Broadcom has acquired many smaller companies to quickly
enter new markets.
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 Date Acquired companyAmount Expertise
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 1999 Maverick Networks $104M in Stock Multi-layer switches for corporate
networks
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 April 1999 Epigram $316M in stock Home networking using telephone wiring, WiFi
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 June 1999 Armedia Inc. $67.2M in stock
Digital Video Decoders
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 August 1999 HotHaus Technologies $280M in stock DSP software for
VOIP
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 August 1999 Altocom$180M in stockSoftware modem
software
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 2000 BlueSteel Networks $123M in
stock Security processors
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 March 2000 Digital Furnace Corp $136M in stock Data
compression software
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 March 2000 Stellar Semiconductor$162M in stock
3D graphics processors
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 June 2000 Pivotal Technologies
$242M in stockDigital video chips
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 July 2000 Innovent Systems $500M in stock
Bluetooth radios
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 August 2000 Puyallup Integrated Circuit Company IC design and IC macro
blocks
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 July 2000 Altima Communications $533M in
stock Networking chips
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 October 2000 Newport Communications$1240M in stock10Gbit Ethernet transceivers
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 December 2000 Allayer Communications$271M in stock Enterprise and optical
networking chips
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 2001 VisionTech, Ltd. $777M in stockMPEG-2 compression/decompression of
PVRs
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 2001 ServerWorks Corp.$1003M in stockI/O controllers for servers and
workstations
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 July 2001 PortaTec Corporation Mobile
devices
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 July 2001 KimalinkWireless and mobile ICs
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 2004 RAIDCore, Inc. $16.5M in cash
RAID software
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 April 2004WIDCOMM, Inc.$49M in cash
Software for Bluetooth systems
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 February 2005Alliant Networks, Inc. Cellular
gateway products
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 March 2005 Zeevo, Inc. $26.4M in cash and $2.6M in stock Bluetooth headset
products
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 July 2005 Siliquent Technologies, Inc. $76M in cash 10Gbit Ethernet interface
controllers
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 October 2005 Athena Semiconductors, Inc.$21.6M in cash Digital TV tuners and
Wifi technology
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 January 2006Sandburst Corporation$75M in cash and $5M in stock
SOC chips for Ethernet packet switching
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 May 2007 Octalica, Inc.$31M in cash
Multimedia Over Coax technology
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 June 2007 Global Locate, Inc.$146M in cash GPS chips and
software
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 March 2008 Sunext Design, Inc.$48M in cash Optical disk
drive technologies
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 August 2008 AMD (DTV Processor Division)$141.5M in cash (Original deal was $192.8M) Xilleon DTV processor chips, software and TV
tuners
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 December 2009 Dune Networks $178M in
cash High speed network switches
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 February 2010 Teknovus $123M in cashEthernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)
chipsets and software
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 June 2010 Innovision Research & Technology plc $47.5M in cashNear field communication expertise
and IP
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 October 2010Beceem
Communications$316M in cash 4G
LTE/WiMax expertisehttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 November 2010 Gigle Networks $75M in cash
Multimedia home networking
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 April 2011 Provigent Ltd. $313M in cashMicrowave Backhaul
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 May 2011 SC Square Ltd. $41.9M in cashIsrael-based security software developer
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Broadcom Acquisitions
1 June 2012 Wisair $1M in cash Short-range
Wireless data transmission
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 The battle for customers between AOL and CompuServe became one of handing customers back and forth,
using free hours and other enticements
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 H&R Block was going through its own
management changes at the same time
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 In 1997, H&R Block announced its intention to divest itself of
CompuServe. A number of potential buyers came to the forefront, but the
terms they offered were unacceptable to H&R Block
management. One would have involved a leveraged buyout which
would have saddled the CompuServe shareholders with substantial debt. AOL, the most likely buyer, made
several offers to purchase CompuServe using AOL stock, but H&R Block management sought cash, or at least a higher quality
stock.
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 Sidgmore said that at this point the world was in balance: the
accountants were doing taxes, AOL was doing information services, and
WorldCom was doing networks.
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 The only reason the H&R Block management team agreed to accept
WCOM stock in exchange for the ownership of CompuServe was they
had worked out a deal to sell the WCOM stock for $1.2 billion in cash
immediately after the transaction. In the end, H&R Block received $1.2
billion for a company it had paid $20 million for eighteen years earlier,
during which it also generated substantial profits.
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 Soon thereafter, WorldCom began its
spiral to bankruptcy, re-emerging as MCI
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CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL
1 In the process of splitting CompuServe into its two major
businesses, CompuServe Information Services and CompuServe Network Services, WorldCom and AOL both
desired to make use of the CompuServe name and trademarks.
Consequently, a jointly owned holding company was formed for no other purpose than to hold title to various trademarks, patents and other intellectual property, and to
license that intellectual property at no cost to both WorldCom (now
Verizon) and AOL.
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Free and open-source graphics device driver - Broadcom
1 and on October 24, 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation, in co-
operation with Broadcom, announced they open sourced, "all the ARM (CPU) code that drives the GPU"
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Bluetooth stack - Widcomm
1 Widcomm was the first Bluetooth stack for the Windows operating system. The stack was initially
developed by a company named Widcomm Inc., which was acquired by Broadcom Corporation in April
2004. Broadcom continues to license the stack for inclusion with many
Bluetooth-powered end-user devices.
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Bluetooth stack - Widcomm
1 An API is available for interacting with the stack from a custom
application. For developers there is also a utility named BTServer Spy Lite bundled with the stack (some
vendor-tied versions excluded) which monitors Bluetooth activity on the stack at a very low level - although the category and level of trace is
configurable. This stack also allows use of RFCOMM without creating a virtual serial port in the operating
system.
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Broadcom
1 'Broadcom Corporation' is an American fabless manufacturing|
fabless semiconductor company in the wireless and broadband
communication business. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California. Broadcom was founded by
a professor-student pair Henry Samueli and Henry T. Nicholas III
from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1991. In 1995, the company moved from its Westwood, California, office to Irvine, California.
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Broadcom
1 In 1998, Broadcom became a public company on the NASDAQ exchange
(ticker symbol: BRCM) and now employs approximately 11,750
people worldwide in more than 15 countries.
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Broadcom
1 Broadcom is among Gartner's Top 10
Semiconductor Vendors by revenue.
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Broadcom
1 In 2012, Broadcom's total revenue was $8.01 billion. In 2013, Broadcom
was No. 327 on the Fortune 500, climbing 17 places from its 2012
ranking of No. 344.
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Broadcom
1 Broadcom first landed on the Fortune 500 in 2009. The Broadcom
logo was designed by Eliot Hochberg, based on the logo for the company's previous name, Broadband Telecom.
The Broadband Telecom logo was designed by co-founder Henry
Nicholas' then-wife Stacey Nicholas, who was inspired by the
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Broadcom - Products
1 Broadcom's product line spans computer network|computer and
telecommunications network|telecommunication networking: the
company has products for enterprise/metropolitan high-speed
networks, as well as products for Small office/home office|SOHO
(small-office, home-office) networks
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Broadcom - Products
1 Broadcom also shut down its Blu-ray chip business
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Broadcom - NICs and networking
1 Vendors have included Broadcom NICs in their products. For example the Dell blade-server M610 has two embedded Gigabit NetXtreme 5709
NICs.Technical specs on the [http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/p
oweredge-m610/pd?~ck= Dell PowerEdge M610], visited January
27, 2012
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Broadcom - Trident+ ASIC
1 The latest Broadcom Trident+ ASIC is used in many high-speed 10-gigabit Ethernet|10Gb+ switches from the
largest switch-vendors such as Cisco Nexus switches running NX-OS,
[ http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/networking/3263636/cisco-rolls-
out-nexus-3000-switch-for-low-latency-stock-trading-traffic/ Cisco
rolls out Nexus 3000], visited January 28, 2012 Dell Force10 running
FTOS,The Register on [ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/04/26/force10_networks_switch_upgrade/ Force10 cranks Ethernet switches
to 40 Gigabits], April 23, 2011; visited January 28, 2012Jason
Edelman Blog on [ http://www.jedelman.com/1/post/201
1/12/40gbe-data-center-switching.html 40 Gbps datacenter
switching], December 10, 2011
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Broadcom - Consumer design components
1 * Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for Apple
iPhone 3GS and iPod touch second generation.
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Broadcom - Consumer design components
1 * In Q2 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip” as deployed in millions of
laptop|notebooks and Personal digital assistant|PDAs across the globe,
enabling Nintendo 802.11b connectivity with Nintendo DS|DS
and 802.11g for the Wii. More specifically, Broadcom would provide
Bluetooth connectivity for Wii's controller.
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Broadcom - Consumer design components
1 * In 2012 Broadcom started producing System on a chip|systems on the chips and first system on chip
which produced by Broadcom is BCM28155 which used in Samsung
Galaxy S II#Galaxy S II Plus|Samsung Galaxy S II Plus and Samsung Galaxy
Grand.
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Broadcom - Notable employees
1 * Henry Samueli [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/may/10/tp-broadcom-to-give-rival-
a-run-for-its-money/ Broadcom To Give Rival A Run For Its Money]. UTSanDiego.com (2013-05-09).
Retrieved on 2013-12-08.
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Broadcom - Notable employees
1 * Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of Trellis modulation|trellis coded modulation
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Broadcom - Notable employees
1 * Sophie Wilson, designer of the ARM
architecture|ARM CPU instruction set
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Broadcom - Notable employees
1 * Larry Wall, creator of the Perl
programming language
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Broadcom - Notable employees
1 * Eben Upton, creator of the Raspberry Pi single-
board computer
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Broadcom - Broadcom and Linux
1 Some free and open source drivers are available and included in the Linux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless
chips Broadcom produces.[http://linuxwireless.sipsolutions.net/en/users/Drivers/b43 b43 Sipsolutions.net], Linux Wireless
Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel some Broadcom chips have kernel
support but require external firmware to be built.
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Broadcom - Broadcom and Linux
1 In 2003 the Free Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not complying with the GNU General Public License as Broadcom distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without making that code public. The
chipset was adopted by Linksys which was later purchased by Cisco. Cisco eventually published source
code for the firmware for its Linksys WRT54G series|WRT54G wireless broadband router under the GPL-
license.
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Broadcom - Broadcom and Linux
1 In October, Broadcom's commitment to the free software community was
underlined when the previously Proprietary software|proprietary
parts of the Raspberry Pi User space|userland were released under a BSD licenses|BSD-style license, making it
the first ARM-based multimedia System-on-chip|SoC with fully
functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, Reverse
engineering|reverse-engineered) fully Open-source software|open-source drivers, although this claim has not
been universally accepted.
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Broadcom - Manufacturing
1 Broadcom is known as a fabless
manufacturing|fabless company
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Broadcom - Stock options scandal
1 On July 14, 2006, Broadcom announced it had to subtract
$750,000,000 from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On
September 8, 2006, the amount was doubled to $1.5 billion. The company may also owe additional taxes. On January 24, 2007, it announced a restatement of its financial results
from 1998 to 2005 that totaled $2.22 billion.
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Broadcom - Stock options scandal
1 On May 15, 2008, Broadcom CTO Samueli resigned as chairman of the board and took of a leave of absence
as Chief Technology Officer after being named in a civil complaint by the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC).
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Broadcom - Stock options scandal
1 [http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-12-16/business/17224232_1_henry-nicholas-iii-broadcom-co-founder-henry-samueli-fair-trial Broadcom
backdating case dismissed]
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Broadcom - Qualcomm litigation and settlement
1 The deal ended the patent litigation as well as complaints of anti-
competitive behavior before trade commissions in the United States,
Europe, and South Korea. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891
million in cash to Broadcom over a four-year period ending June 2013.
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Broadcom - BroadVoice
1 * 'BroadVoice 16' with declared bitrate 16 kbit/s and audio sampling frequency 8kHz
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Broadcom - BroadVoice
1 * 'BroadVoice 32' with declared bitrate 32 kbit/s and sampling rate of 16kHz (note however that X-Lite SIP
phone's menu declares bitrate 80,000 bit/s)
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Broadcom - Acquisitions
1 Besides the NetLogic Microsystems acquisition, through the years, Broadcom has acquired many
smaller companies to quickly enter new markets.
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Bernard Ebbers - Post-WorldCom
1 On June 25, 2002, WorldCom admitted to $3.85 billion in
accounting misstatements (the figure eventually grew to $11 billion). This initiated a series of investigations
and legal proceedings, which naturally focused on Ebbers,
WorldCom's then-CEO.
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BlueZ - Widcomm
1 Widcomm was the first Bluetooth stack for the Microsoft Windows|Windows operating system. The
stack was initially developed by a company named Widcomm Inc.,
which was acquired by Broadcom Corporation in April 2004. Broadcom
continues to license the stack for inclusion with many Bluetooth-
powered end-user devices.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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WorldCom
1 The corporation was formed originally as a result of the merger of 'WorldCom' and MCI Communications
corporations, and used the name 'MCI WorldCom' succeeded by
'WorldCom' before changing its name to the present version on April 12, 2003, as part of the corporation's ending of its bankruptcy status
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WorldCom
1 Retrieved on September 25, 2009.[http://edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINE
SS/04/14/worldcom/ WorldCom to emerge from collapse]
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WorldCom - Corporate founding
1 The company began as 'Long Distance Discount Services', Inc.
(LDDS) during 1983, based in Clinton, Mississippi. In 1985 LDDS
selected Bernard Ebbers (born 1941) to be its chief executive officer|CEO.
The company became traded publicly as a corporation in 1989 as a result
of a merger with Advantage Companies Inc. The company name was changed to 'LDDS WorldCom' in
1995.
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WorldCom - Corporate founding
1 The acquisition of Digex (DIGX) during June 2001 was also complex;
Worldcom acquired Digex's corporate parent, Intermedia Communications, and then sold all of Intermedia's non-Digex assets to Allegiance Telecom.
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WorldCom - MCI acquisition
1 On November 4, 1997, WorldCom and MCI Communications announced
their US$37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom, making it the largest corporate merger of U.S. history. On
September 15, 1998, the new company, 'MCI WorldCom', opened
for business, after MCI divested itself of its successful internetMCI business to gain approval from the U.S. United
States Department of Justice|Department of Justice.
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WorldCom - Proposed Sprint merger
1 Later that year, MCI WorldCom renamed itself simply
WorldCom.
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 The board hoped that the loans would avert the need for Ebbers to
sell substantial amounts of his WorldCom stock, as his doing so
would result in further decrease of the stock's price
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 Beginning modestly during mid-1999 and continuing at an accelerated pace through
May 2002, the company—directed by Ebbers (as CEO), Scott Sullivan (executive)|
Scott Sullivan (CFO), David Myers (Comptroller|Controller) and Buford Buddy Yates (Director of General Accounting)—used fraudulent accounting methods to
disguise its decreasing earnings to maintain the price of WorldCom’s stock.
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 The fraud was accomplished primarily in two ways:
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 #Booking line costs (interconnection expenses with other
telecommunication companies) as capital expenditures on the balance
sheet instead of expenses.
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 #Inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue
accounts.
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 In 2002, a small team of internal auditors at WorldCom worked
together, often at night and secretly, to investigate and reveal $3.8 billion
worth of fraud
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WorldCom - Accounting scandals
1 By the end of 2003, it was estimated that the company's total assets had been inflated by about $11 billion.
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WorldCom - Bankruptcy
1 None of the criminal proceedings against WorldCom and its officers
and agents was originated by referral from Gonzalez or the Department of
Justice lawyers
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WorldCom - Bankruptcy
1 Effective December 16, 2002, Michael Capellas became chairman and chief executive officer. On April
14, 2003, WorldCom changed its name to 'MCI' and relocated its
corporate headquarters from Clinton, Mississippi, to Dulles, Virginia.
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WorldCom - Bankruptcy
1 During May 2003, the company was given a no-bid contract by the United
States Department of Defense to build a cellular telephone network in Iraq. The deal has been criticized by competitors and others who cite the company's lack of experience with
that technology.
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WorldCom - Bankruptcy
1 Breeden to oversee Worldcom's compliance with the SEC
agreement
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 The company emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy during 2004 with about $5.7 billion in debt and $6
billion in cash. About half of the cash was intended to pay various claims
and settlements. Previous Bond (finance)|bondholders ended up
being paid 35.7 cents on the dollar, in bonds and stock in the new MCI
company. The previous stockholders' stock was cancelled, making it totally
worthless.
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 It had yet to pay many of its creditors, who had waited for two years for a portion of the money
owed. Many of the small creditors included former employees, primarily
those who were dismissed during June 2002 and whose severance and
benefits were withheld when WorldCom filed for bankruptcy.
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 On August 7, 2002, the exWorldCom 5100 group was formed. It was composed of former WorldCom
employees with a common goal of seeking full payment of severance
pay and benefits based on the WorldCom Severance Plan. The 5100 stands for the number of WorldCom employees dismissed on June 28, 2002 before WorldCom filed for
bankruptcy.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 On February 14, 2005, Verizon Communications agreed to acquire MCI for
$7.6 billion.
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 27 Sep 2002 former accounting Board of directors|director Buford
Yates (pleaded guilty to conspiracy and fraud charges on October 7,
2002), and former accounting managers Betty Vinson and Troy Normand (both pleading guilty to conspiracy and securities fraud on
October 10, 2002).[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/11/05/national/main528148.shtml 2 More WorldCom Execs Plead
Guilty]
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 On July 13, 2005, Bernard Ebbers received a sentence that would keep him imprisoned for 25 years. At time of sentencing, Ebbers was 63 years
old. On September 26, 2006, Ebbers surrendered himself to the Federal
Bureau of Prisons prison at Oakdale, Louisiana, the Oakdale Federal Corrections Institution to begin
serving his sentence.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 Citigroup settled for $2.65 billion on May 10,
2004.[http://web.archive.org/web/20040606053042/http://www.citigroup.
com/citigroup/press/2004/040510a.htm Citigroup
Reaches Settlement on WorldCom Class Action Litigation for $1.64
Billion After-Tax]
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WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy
1 In December 2005, the Microsoft corporation announced that MCI will
join it by providing Windows Live Messenger customers Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to
make telephone calls. This was MCI's last new product—- called MCI Web
Calling. After the merger, this product was renamed Verizon Web
Calling.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
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WorldCom - In the media
1 The character Jack McCallister (played by Alec Baldwin) was based on real-life WorldCom CEO, Bernie
Ebbers[http://www.sfweekly.com/2005-12-21/film/backhanded-slapstick/
Backhanded Slapstick]
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WorldCom - In the media
1 *Movie The Other Guys: Will Ferrel's character says to a SEC employee,
From everything I've heard, you guys are the best at these types of
investigations...Outside of Enron... and AIG; and Bernie Madoff;
WorldCom, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers.
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Converged network adapter - Broadcom
1 These vendors can then include the ten Gigabit CNA with their servers: as
embedded interface on the motherboard (LOM or LAN on
Motherboard), via a mezzanine card in blade servers or as PCI extension-
card.Frank Berry Blog on Network Computing:
[http://www.networkcomputing.com/data-networking-management/broad
com-unveils-converged-network-adapter.php Broadcom unveils CNA],
29 January, 2010, visited: 31 July, 2011
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Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM
1 In order for Microsoft to provide developers with support for
distributed transactions, resource pooling, disconnected applications, event publication and subscription,
better memory and processor (thread) management, as well as to
position Windows as an alternative to other enterprise-level Operating Systems, Microsoft introduced a
technology called Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) on Windows
NT 4.
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Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM
1 At the same time, Microsoft de-emphasized Distributed Component Object Model|DCOM as a separate
entity
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Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM
1 Windows 2000 also revised the Component Services control panel
application used to configure COM+ components.
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Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM
1 An advantage of COM+ was that it could be run in component farms. Instances of a component, if coded
properly, could be pooled and reused by new calls to its initializing routine without unloading it from memory.
Components could also be distributed (called from another
machine). COM+ and Microsoft Visual Studio provided tools to make it easy
to generate client-side proxies, so although DCOM was used to make
the remote call, it was easy to do for developers.
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Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM
1 COM+ also introduced a subscriber/publisher event mechanism called 'COM+ Events', and provided a new way of leveraging Microsoft Message Queuing|MSMQ (inter-application
asynchronous messaging) with components called 'Queued Components'. COM+ events extend the COM+ programming model to
support late-bound (see Late binding) events or method calls between the publisher or
subscriber and the event system.
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Graphics hardware and FOSS - Broadcom
1 and on October 24, 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation, in co-
operation with Broadcom, announced they open sourced, all the ARM (CPU)
code that drives the GPU
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Graphics hardware and FOSS - Broadcom
1 The project 'videocoreiv'https://github.com/herm
anhermitage/videocoreiv tries to document the VideoCore GPUs.
Based upon this documentation a driver could be written.
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Citigroup - Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossing bankruptcies
1 In 2004, Citigroup paid $2.65billion to settle a lawsuit concerning their role in selling stocks and bonds for
WorldCom, the second largest telecommunications company in the world, inflating the earnings for 2001
and the first quarter of 2002, and paid $2.575billion for settlement,
which collapsed in 2002 in an accounting scandal
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Citigroup - Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossing bankruptcies
1 On November 8, 2007, Citigroup Inc had a lawsuit for artificially
manipulating and inflating its stock prices by misrepresentations and
omissions of what amounted to more than two years of income and an entire significant line of business,
and paid $590million for settlement
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Vivien v. Worldcom
1 'Vivien v. WorldCom, Inc.', No. 02-01329 WHA (United States District Court for the Northern District of
California|N.D. Cal. July. 26, 2002) established a new legal theory
permitting workers to recover for losses in their 401(k) retirement
plans caused by investment in their employers’ stock.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 The Complaint alleged that the WorldCom Retirement Plan
administrators were MCI Inc.|WorldCom insiders who knew or had
reason to know that the price of WorldCom stock was artificially high
because public statements concerning the Company’s business
and prospects were false or misleading to investors. When the
facts became public, the stock plummeted.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 ;Problems With Remedies Under the
Securities Law
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 The allegations of fraud and artificial inflation of WorldCom’s stock price
formed the basis for a lawsuit brought by investors under the
securities laws, but that suit offered inadequate chance for recovery for WorldCom employees who invested
in company stock in their 401(k) plan. A common perception is that employees actually own stock in
their companies when they invest in company stock funds in their
retirement plan, typically the plan itself owns the stock.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 The securities laws provide limited help in the case of 401(k) plans
because investors can only recover for shares that they purchased
during the period when the stock was artificially inflated by fraud; they
cannot recover for losses to stocks that they purchased before the fraud began, but held during the period of artificial inflation. Moreover, suits on behalf of a retirement plan need only
prove breach of fiduciary duty and are not required to meet the more
difficult fraud standard.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 ;The Vivien Suit’s ERISA-Based Theory
of Recovery
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 Because of the limitations outlined above, plaintiffs in the Vivien action
sued under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974,
a federal statute established to protect the rights of employee
benefit plan participants.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 ERISA requires that those who run employee welfare plans – including 401(k) retirement plans – have a
duty to provide accurate information about the plans to participants, and
to invest the assets of the plans prudently. These are “fiduciary
duties” – the highest duties imposed by law.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 The [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9933605_ITM Vivien Complaint] alleged that the
Defendants breached their fiduciary duty of prudence under ERISA by continuing to invest plan assets in
WorldCom stock when the stock was artificially inflated by the false and
misleading statements of WorldCom’s senior management.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts
1 The Defendants moved to [http://www.worldcomlitigation.com/c
ourtdox/11.21.02CoteOrder.pdf dismiss the complaint], arguing that
it was actually a securities-fraud action governed by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
masquerading as an ERISA action. The Court disagreed.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Judgment
1 Giving the judgment of the Court, Judge William Alsup held that the plaintiff’s complaint adequately
alleged that the defendants acted in a fiduciary capacity and had breached that duty by their
imprudent investment in company stock.
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Vivien v. Worldcom - Significance
1 The Vivien decision provided the legal framework for many similar
suits filed by employees of companies such as Time Warner|AOL
Time Warner, Reliant Energy, Cardinal Health, Tyco International, Merck Co.|Merck, and Dell. In the wake of these suits, many major
companies have begun to restructure their 401(k) plans, eliminating the
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Tone at the top - MCI_Inc.|MCI Inc/WorldCom
1 The board hoped that the loans would avert the need for Ebbers to
sell substantial amounts of his WorldCom stock, as his doing so
would put further downward pressure in the stock's price
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Tone at the top - MCI_Inc.|MCI Inc/WorldCom
1 Beginning modestly in mid-year 1999 and continuing at an accelerated
pace through May 2002, the company (under the direction of
Ebbers, Scott Sullivan (executive)|Scott Sullivan (CFO), David Myers
(Comptroller) and Buford Buddy Yates (Director of General Accounting))
used fraudulent accounting methods to mask its declining earnings by
painting a false picture of financial growth and profitability to prop up
the price of WorldCom’s stock.
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Tone at the top - MCI_Inc.|MCI Inc/WorldCom
1 #Booking ‘line costs’ (interconnection expenses with other
telecommunication companies) as capital expenditure|capital on the
balance sheet instead of expenses.
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Tone at the top - MCI_Inc.|MCI Inc/WorldCom
1 In 2002, a small team of internal auditors at WorldCom worked
together, often at night and in secret, to investigate and unearth $3.8
billion in fraud
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Executive pay in the United States - Executive loans and WorldCom
1 In the 1990s and early 2000s, loans by companies to executives with low interest rates and forgiveness often served as a form of compensation
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Executive pay in the United States - Executive loans and WorldCom
1 quoted in Bebchuk and Fried, Pay Without Performance (2004),
p.181share prices of several large corporations—Enron, Tyco
International, Adelphia Communications Corporation|
Adelphia, Peregrine Systems Kmart and WorldCom -- collapsed in 2002 following accounting scandals And
among firms whose shares fell by at least 75 percent, 25 had executives sell a total of $23 billion before their stocks plummeted.You bought, they
sold, Mark Gimein, Fortune, September 2, 2002
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Executive pay in the United States - Executive loans and WorldCom
1 The loans were both unsecured and about half the normal interest rate a
brokerage firm would have charged.Bebchuk and Fried, Pay
Without Performance (2004), p.113 WorldCom filed for bankruptcy a few
months after the last loans were made.
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Executive pay in the United States - Executive loans and WorldCom
1 Conglomerate Tyco International lent its chief executive, L. Dennis Kozlowski, at least
$88 million from 1999 to 2001. During Tyco's 2001 fiscal year, as he continued to say publicly that he rarely if ever sold his Tyco shares, Mr. Kozlowski returned $70
million of the stock to the company, partly to repay loans. Later that year and early the
next, Tyco's stock fell 40 percent over concerns that the company's accounting
methods ... inflated profits.
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Geni.com - GEDCOM
1 While Geni has the ability to allow users to import their family history
using the GEDCOM format, this facility has been disabled. Geni
found it was duplicating thousands of existing profiles, without adding much (or any) new information. They plan to re-enable GEDCOM imports once they rewrite the
importer to take the close family profiles and screen out the rest.
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 32d Air Division, Reassigned, 12 February 1952 – 15 August
1958
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 26th Air Division, Reassigned, 15
August 1958 – 16 June 1964
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 : Re-designated: Syracuse Air
Defense Sector,1 October 1956-4 September 1963
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 4624th Support Group, Activated, 1 January 1960 – 1 September
1963
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 4789th Air Base Group, Activated, 1 May 1971
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 672d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, Activated on 1 December 1956 – 1
July 1957
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 644th Radar Squadron, Activated 1 October 1954 – 1
July 1955
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 907th Radar Squadron, Activated on 26 May 1953 – 1
April 1955
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Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned
1 * 4673d Ground Observation Squadron, Reassigned on 15 February 1952 – 15 August
1958
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Disney Channel Original Movie - Highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premieres
1 http://www.multichannel.com/campaigns/%E2%80%98camp-rock
%E2%80%99-reels-89-million-viewers/133751?
quicktabs_featured_and_popular=0[http://www.tvguide.com/news/Disney-Channel-Rocks-11829.aspx Disney
Channel Rocks the Ratings - Today's News: Our Take | TVGuide.com]
[http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/demi-lovato-through-
the-years-2011287/16362 Camp Rock Photo - Demi Lovato Through
The Years - Us Weekly]
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Disney Channel Original Movie - Highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premieres
1 |11.4 million viewers[http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/08/29/disney-channels-wizards-of-waverly-place-the-movie-scores-11-4-million-viewers/25660/
Disney Channel’s Wizards of Waverly Place The Movie scores 11.4 million
viewers - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com]
[http://www.adweek.com/news/television/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-
million-viewers-113240 Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million
Viewers | Adweek]
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Disney Channel Original Movie - Highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premieres
1 |7.9 million viewers[http://www.thefutoncritic.co
m/ratings/2010/09/08/disney-channel-grooves-to-the-top-of-the-tv-cable-charts-with-camp-rock-2-the-final-jam-37309/20100908disney01/ Ratings - Disney Channel Grooves to the Top of the TV/Cable Charts with
Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam | TheFutonCritic.com][http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/08/disney-channel-grooves-to-the-top-of-the-
tvcable-charts-with-%E2%80%9Ccamp-rock-2-the-final-
jam%E2%80%9D/62527/ Disney Channel Grooves to the Top of the
TV/Cable Charts With “Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam” - Ratings |
TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com][http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/09/tv-ratings-camp-rock-2-the-final-jam-pulls-in-8-million-total-
viewers.html TV Ratings: 'Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam' pulls in 8 million
total viewers - Zap2it][http://www.clevvertv.com/jon
as-brothers/17000/camp-rock-2-8-million-viewers.html Camp Rock 2: 8
Million Viewers!][http://www.deadline.com/2010/09/cable-ratings-rat-race-8-mil-watch-camp-rock-2-another-record-
for-jersey-shore-season-high-for-project-runway/ CABLE RATINGS RAT
RACE: 8 Mil Watch 'Camp Rock 2', Another Record For 'Jersey Shore' Season High For 'Project Runway' -
Deadline.com]
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Disney Channel Original Movie - Highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premieres
1 |7.6 million viewers[http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/08/06/phineas-and-ferb-across-the-2nd-dimension-averages-
7-6-million-total-viewers/99798/ Phineas and Ferb: Across the 2nd
Dimension Averages 7.6 Million Total Viewers]. Accessed 2012-04-04.
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Henry Samueli - Broadcom origins
1 In 1998, when Broadcom became a publicly traded company, Samueli
stopped working as a professor, but the Henry Samueli School of
Engineering and Applied Science|UCLA Department of Electrical
Engineering still maintains his name on the list of faculty.
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Jed Rakoff - SEC v. WorldCom
1 Rakoff presided over the Securities and Exchange Commission's accounting fraud suit against
WorldCom, and, on July 7, 2003, approved a settlement between the
SEC and Worldcom.
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Jed Rakoff - SEC v. WorldCom
1 Rakoff appointed Richard C. Breeden, former Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to serve as
Corporate Monitor. Breeden actively involved himself in the management
of the company, and prepared a report for Judge Rakoff, titled
Restoring Trust, in which he proposed extensive corporate governance
reforms, as part of an effort to cast the new MCI into what he hoped would become a model of how
shareholders should be protected and how companies should be run.
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Jed Rakoff - SEC v. WorldCom
1 The reforms were implemented, and Rakoff later credited Breeden with helping to transform a fraud-ridden
company into an honest, well-governed, economically viable entity, MCI, Inc. WorldCom was purchased
by Verizon in January 2006.
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