de martini - cigre usnc oct 21, 2013
TRANSCRIPT
Transactive Energy: Architecture and Methods for Combined Power Markets and ControlsCIGRÉ USNC UOTF 2013
Paul De Martini10.21.13
2
DER will reach 30% of Installed US Capacity by 2020
Effectively all incremental growth in capacity will come from customers
30% Backup Generation: 225 GWCHP: 122 GWDemand Response: 90 GWSolar PV: 50 GWOther DG: 25 GWDist. Storage: 3 GW
Potential DER Total: 515 GW
3
Operational Challenges
Changes to Net Load Curves and Real-time Dispatch Needs
Distribution Voltage and Power Quality Impacts
Multi-directional power flow at scale
Policy enabled customer participation in market and grid operational services
4
Changing Bulk System Operations
Wind & Solar PV and Customer Load Optimization changing operating conditions –Role for flexible DER?
14 GW Ramp in ~3 hours
5
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
0:00
1:25
2:50
4:15
5:40
7:05
8:30
9:55
11:2
0
12:4
5
14:1
0
15:3
5
17:0
0
18:2
5
19:5
0
21:1
5
22:4
0
kW
Time
Sunny DayLoad PV kW Sunny Net Load Sunny
0.880 0.900 0.920 0.940 0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060
0:00
1:20
2:40
4:00
5:20
6:40
8:00
9:20
10:4
0
12:0
0
13:2
0
14:4
0
16:0
0
17:2
0
18:4
0
20:0
0
21:2
0
22:4
0
0:00
Vo
ltag
e (p
u)
Time
Volt No PV Volt Sunny
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
0:00
1:20
2:40
4:00
5:20
6:40
8:00
9:20
10:4
0
12:0
0
13:2
0
14:4
0
16:0
0
17:2
0
18:4
0
20:0
0
21:2
0
22:4
0
0:00
kWTime
Cloudy DayLoad PV kW Cloudy Net Load Cloudy
0.880 0.900 0.920 0.940 0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060
0:00
1:15
2:30
3:45
5:00
6:15
7:30
8:45
10:0
0
11:1
5
12:3
0
13:4
5
15:0
0
16:1
5
17:3
0
18:4
5
20:0
0
21:1
5
22:3
0
23:4
5
Vo
ltag
e (p
u)
Time
Volt No PV Volt Cloudy
Source: OATI, used by permission
Solar PV Impact on Distribution Feeders
Distribution Power Quality Impacts
6
Operational Evolution: 1978-2001Multi-directional Power Flow
Need for local balancing & distributed markets to integrate customer DER?
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7
Operational Decision & Response Times Collapsing
Increased Variability Requiring More Dynamic Operations on Shorter Time Cycles
8
Evolution of Flexible DER Response
9
Responsive Distributed Energy Resource Values
10
Multiple DER Constituents
Market & control systems must be able to reconcile multi-party objectives & constraints related to the same distributed resource
Bulk Power
System
Distribution
Operations
Customer
Energy
Provider
Energy
Related
Services
Energy
Devices
Energy
Financial
Services
Objectives & Goals
Decision Criteria & Processes
Constraints
Value Perception
Economic Utility
Willingness & Ability
11
Challenge: Market Structures that Align w/Operational Controls
Current market designs may act as a control element in a feedback control loop, whether intended or not. This loop could be closed around a substantial portion of the power delivery system, including multiple operational tiers as illustrated. Feedback of state variable (not system outputs) causes the equilibrium price to move so as to re-establish the balance between supply and demand, and moves in the equilibrium price cause changes in available generation, DR and DER.
12
Transactive Energy = Economics + Controls
Operational Optimization with pervasive DER requires more than market efficiency – it requires joint optimization with real-time operational controls across Bulk power system & Distribution
13
Distributed Controls Across 3 Layers
Need Coordinated Optimization at Each Layer
14
Laminar Control + Network Utility Maximization
Structured network of optimization
nodes communicates hierarchically via
scalar signals to cooperate in solving a
joint optimal control problem.
Node tree starts at the balancing
authority and spans transmission,
distribution, and even prosumer
elements if needed.
Layered decomposition can be mapped
onto the structure of the power grid to
solve the control issues of federation,
disaggregation, and constraint fusion
while allowing for local “selfish”
optimization.
15
Evolution of DER Operational Integration
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025+
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Example: ConEdison ARRA Demo Project
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Example: CPS Energy Residential VPP
H2G Virtual Power Plant
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Example: Enbala’s Multi-Optimization Laminar Control System for DER
19
Future of Customer Response
Potential exists to leverage customer’s flexible DER including responsive demand, DG, storage, EVs and inverters to mutual benefit. Challenge is aligning operational needs, customers willingness with a compelling economic value proposition.
20
Transactive Energy: Engineering-Economic Based Operational Controls
“Transactive Energy is the ability of customers and others, using value driven control systems, to optimize their use and sale of electric services to markets and grid operators to enhance economic efficiency and reliability.”
Addresses need for reconciliation of converging multi-party business and operational objectives and constraints
Not just markets, but also a broader integrated cyber-physical control system to ensure reliable electric services
Transactive Energy
Markets
T&D Grid Operations
Customer