deaffffff trans

8/2/2019 Deaffffff Trans

1/4

Seminar

DEAFNESS

Submitted to : Ms. Sucheta Yangad

Professor (Medical-Surgical Nursing)

Submitted by : Mr. Swapnil A Mahapure

M.Sc. Nursing 1st

year


2/4

Definition of deafness

According to IDEA (INTERNATIONAL DEAF EDUCATION ASSOCIATION)

Deafness is defined as a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in

processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification.

TYPES OF DEAFNESS

1. Sensorineural hearing Loss2. Conductive hearing loss3. Mixed hearing loss4. Pre-lingual hearing loss5. Post-lingual hearing loss6. Unilateral hearing loss7. Bilateral hearing loss

Quantification of hearing loss

Mild: for adults: between 26 and 40 dB HL for children: between 20 and 40 dB HL

Moderate: between 41 and 55 dB HL Moderately severe: between 56 and 70 dB HL Severe: between 71 and 90 dB HL Profound: 91 dB HL or greater


3/4

CAUSES

1. Age2. Long-term exposure to environmental noise3. Noise induced hearing loss4. Genetic5. Disease6. Neurological disorder7. Medication8. Exposure to Ototoxic chemicals9. Trauma10.Otosclerosis11.Tumors

Diagnostic evaluation

History collection Physical examination Whispered speech test: Whisper a combination of numbers and letters behind the patient and check if he

can hear anything by asking the patient to repeat the combination. if unilateral deafness is suspected the

good ear should be masked and the deaf ear tested

RINNES TEST Air Conduction > Bone Conduction = normal or SNHL Bone Conduction > Air Conduction = Conductive HL or dead ear

WEBERS TEST In conductive deafness the sound is heard loudest in the affected ear. In sensorineural deafness the sound is heard louder in the un affected ear.

AUDIOMETRYPure tone audiometry (PTA).

It is the keyhearing testused to identifyhearingthreshold levels of an individual .

the lower the threshold the better hearing. AC threshold are obtained with headphones and measure outer , middle, inner ear and the

auditory nerve function. BC threshold are obtained with bone conduction oscillators which effectively bypass outer and

middle ear function

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS bone conduction threshold in normal rang . air conduction threshold outside of normal limits. gap between AC and BC threshold > 10 db ( air bone gab ).

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS both air and bone conduction threshold below normal . gap between AC and BC less 10 db ( no air bone gap).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_(sense)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_(sense)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_(sense)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_(sense)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_test


4/4

TympanometryMay be indicated if a problem with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is suspected. This test evaluates the

middle ears ability to receive sound waves

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

1. TYMPANOPLASTYSurgical repair of the tympanic membrane.

2. OSSICULOPLASTY.Surgical reconstruction of the middle ear bones to restore hearing. Prostheses made of materials such as Teflon,

stainless steel, and hydroxyapatite is used to reconnect the ossicles, thereby reestablishing the sound conduction

mechanism. However, the greater the damage, the lower the success rate for restoring normal hearing

3. MASTOIDECTOMY.A mastoidectomy is usually performed through a postauricular incision. Infection is eliminated by removing the

mastoid air cells.

4. STAPEDECTOMYA stapedectomy, performed through the canal, involves removing the stapes superstructure and part of the footplate

and inserting a tissue graft and a suitable prosthesis.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7974http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7974http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7974

deaffffff trans

Documents