deanza college: es 76 energy reliability and your organization energy auditing skills
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DeAnza College: ES 76 Energy Reliability and Your Organization Energy Auditing Skills. April, 2002 Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center. Agenda. Overview of energy audits Billing analysis Reviewing plans, specifications, submittals Preparing for the site visit Retrofit cost analysis - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
April, 2002 Energy Audits 1
April, 2002
Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center
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DeAnza College: ES 76Energy Reliability and Your Organization
Energy Auditing Skills
April, 2002 Energy Audits 2
• Overview of energy audits
• Billing analysis
• Reviewing plans, specifications, submittals
• Preparing for the site visit
• Retrofit cost analysis
• Developing a baselining plan
• Discussion of field measurement
Agenda
April, 2002 Energy Audits 3
• Identify energy savings potential– improve efficiency– conservation
• Improve building performance
• Address comfort problems
• Pursue utility incentives
• Prepare for commissioning
Why perform an audit?
April, 2002 Energy Audits 4
• Analysis– Billing data
– Building documentation and drawings
• Facility walk through– During typical operation
– After hours
• Final Report– Recommended Energy Conservation Measures
– Energy/$ savings analysis
– Other facility improvements
Components of an Energy Audit
April, 2002 Energy Audits 5
• Preliminary/Walk though audit
• Detailed/Investment-Grade audit
• Focused audit (process loads)
• Commissioning
Types of Energy Assessments
April, 2002 Energy Audits 6
Preliminary Energy Audit• Intention: identify in rough terms, cost-effective retrofits• Focus: standard retrofit technologies• Walk-though, Quick• Cost $0.01 to $ 0.05/sf.• Minimal instrumentation required• Reporting
– Recommended ECMs
– Some cost analysis (simple pay-back)
• No computer simulation
April, 2002 Energy Audits 7
• Intention: develop complete energy assessment• Focus: thorough assessment of facility costs and operation• Will require multiple site visits• Cost $0.10 to $ 0.30/sf.• Advanced tools required• Reporting
– Recommended ECMs – Estimates of energy savings, installation costs…(life-cycle
analysis)
– M&V plan
• Computer simulation
Detailed Energy Audit
April, 2002 Energy Audits 8
Commissioning is done to “verify and ensure that buildingelements and systems are designed, installed, and calibrated to operate as intended.” (LEED definition)
Building Commissioning
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Design Construction Call-backs Utility Costs
w/o Cx
w/ Cx
Overall Cost Reductions from Cx
Data from”What Building Owners Should Know About Building Commissioning”, Wolpert & Deall,
April, 2002 Energy Audits 9
Why Commissioning?• Assures building are fully functional at completion of construction
• Limits building performance problems
• Complexity and specialization of modern buildings require Cx
• Limits change orders and increased costs during construction
• Limits occupant comfort complaints
• Provides complete documentation of building project produced
• Energy savings realized
• Equipment realizes a longer life
• Incentives may be available
• Encourages an integrated design approach
• Introduces owner advocate/neutral party
Building Commissioning
April, 2002 Energy Audits 10
• Document design intent
• Assist with specifications for bid documents
• Develop Commissioning plan
• Develop pre-functional and functional test procedures for all equipment
• Oversee testing (at post-occupancy not just post-construction)
• Review training and manuals for operations & maintenance staff
• Provide a complete final commissioning report
The Commissioning Process
April, 2002 Energy Audits 11
Billing Data AnalysisMonthly electrical usage
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
July-93 January-94 July-94 January-95 July-95 January-96 July-96 January-97 July-97 January-98 July-98 January-99 July-99
av
g.
kW
h/d
ay
April, 2002 Energy Audits 12
• Flat rate (fixed $/kWh) • Time of use rates
– Rates ($/kWh) vary by demand periods– PG&E rates: A6, E7
• Demand rates– $/kWh– $/kW– Power factor adjustment– Rates may vary by demand periods– PG&E rates: A10, E19, E20
• Real time pricing– $/kWh rate changes based on real cost of generation– PG&E rates: Experimental A-RTP
Types of Electric Utility RatesFor all rates go to:
http://www.pge.com/customer_services/business/tariffs/