Death Star

Andrew CawmanAlexis Pullia

Joshua Matthews Jessica Thornsberry

Dante’s Inferno Written in the 14th Century by

Dante Alighieri. Part of a larger work: The

Divine Comedy. The treacherous belong in the

lowest depths of hell.

Betrayal An act of disloyalty that that

violates the trust of an individual, group, or organization. Motivated by ambition, greed,

or lust. Often involves lies, deception,

and infidelity.

Accidental Betrayal

Might not be considered “treachery”. Based off perspective and personal

feelings Examples

An employ who is laid off by his or her company.

Spreading knowledge unknowingly. Seeking professional help for a health

or drug problem.

Family and Workplace

Treachery against family members and friends.

Treachery against coworkers.

Level of Severity

The severity of the negative effects depends upon the amount entrusted in the individual, group or organization. Acquaintances vs. a loved one.

Short Term Effects

Pain and humiliation Abandonment Rejection Loneliness

Long Term Effects

Inability to trust Anger and rage Resentment Sullenness Vengeance

The Dark Side

It is an evil act

Damaging to a person’s psyche

The damage can be permanent!

Do not do it!

Betrayal is one of the many sides of the Darkside of

communication.

Manipulation

Negotiate, control, influence (something or someone),

clever, skillfully, devious, unfair manner

Manipulation Partners and friends of

manipulators do not know they are being manipulated.

Manipulators do not know they are manipulating.

Manipulators are self-serving and aggressive.

Insecurity Compensate with strong self

confidence Conceal aggressive intentions

Manipulation Aggressive intentions Manipulation tactics

Turning two people against each other

Verbal/nonverbal Try to justify behavior Anger, name calling, shouting,

bullying, pouting Lying, intimidating, fear, ignoring

Manipulation

Is the relationship worth it?  How to handle encounters

Recognize encounters

Lie Leakage

Lie Leakage Knowledge from class

Chapters one and six. Why lie leakage?

Duality of the message Previous life and work

experience

Research Zuckerman Study

Attempted Control Arousal Felt Emotion Cognitive Fear

Research Cont.

Function of Emotional Intensity (High Steaks) Poker Police Example

Research Cont.

Baseline Adjustments Unique Communication

Style

Other areas of interest within lie leakage…

Deception Detection Percentage of accuracy at

detecting lies/truths.

Truth Bias

Leakage Varies The Lie (Convoluted Nature) The emotional state of the liar. The skill of the liar.

Relational AggressionThe dark side of indirect

aggression.

What is the difference between indirect and relational aggression? Relational aggression is encompassed by

indirect aggression, but it can be differentiated. Passive aggression is an example of indirect

aggression. Intentionally withholding information about a

meeting in hopes that someone will miss it. Relational aggression usually involves the

exploitation of a relationship. Via manipulation and betrayal. It is intended to harm the social status and self

esteem of another.

“Female Aggression” Rosalind Wiseman

Queen Bees and Wannabees “Mean Girls” Is it fair?

Of the six research articles I have studied, the only instances in which females have shown more relational aggression than boys were in pre-adolescents and adolescents aged 11-16.

Indirect vs. Direct Aggression

Direct aggression involves physical and verbal acts intended to threaten or harm another.

Males tend to demonstrate more amounts of direct aggression than females.

While relational aggression is sometimes deemed “female aggression”, research into whether or not females display more relational aggression than men are inconclusive.

Gender Differences. Men and women are not

biologically predetermined to choose one form of aggression over another.

Girls are told from a young age, “That is not how young ladies behave.”

Men are expected to be overly direct, “Be a man!” They are more likely to be the

perpetrators and victims of direct aggression.

Nonverbal Communication and

Relational Aggression In class we learned that nonverbal

communication can send a stronger message than verbal communication.

Relationally aggressive acts depend heavily on nonverbal forms of aggression such as ignoring and exclusion.

Research Study All participants were female. All could recall a relationally

aggressive event. Gossip and rumors caused 49

percent of the aggressive events while ignoring and exclusion caused 29 percent.

The most common coping mechanism was to seek social support.

Research Study Cont. All of the young girls reported that the event

brought them closer to their ‘friend’. Is relational aggression a normal part of adult

development? How much relational aggression aggression is

healthy development, and when does it become psychologically damaging?

Are these young girls placing the importance of relationships above their psychological well-being?

Key Points Biology does not predetermine the form of

aggression you choose. Research has not yet determined than

females display more relational aggression than men.

Men have been shown to be more physically aggressive than women, and are both more often the victims and perpetrators.

Relational aggression relies heavily on nonverbal communication.

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