debt versus equity decision format an application of financial structure theory
TRANSCRIPT
DEBT VERSUS EQUITY DECISION FORMAT
AN APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE THEORY
BASIC FORMS OF CAPITAL
• INTERNAL - RETAINED EARNINGS
• EXTERNAL– DEBT– PREFERRED STOCK– COMMON STOCK
BASIC TRADEOFF
• FINANCIAL RISK AND RETURN BY USING RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF DEBT AND EQUITY SECURITIES
RISKS
• BUSINESS RISK - FUNCTION OF OPERATIONAL DECISIONS
• FINANCIAL RISK - DERIVED FROM FIXED FINANCING CHARGES
BUSINESS RISK(using cash flow format)
• DEMAND VARIABILITY
• SALES PRICE VARIABILITY
• INPUT PRICE VARIABILITY
• OPERATING REVENUES
• FIXED OPERATING COSTS (DOL)
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FINANCING
OPTIONS
REVIEW TEXT PP. 101-102
FRICTO
• F - FLEXIBILITY
• R - RISK
• I - INCOME
• C - CONTROL
• T - TIMING
• O- OTHER
INCOME ANALYSIS
• MINIMAX COMPANY - TABLES 10.2, 3
• EBIT/EPS -MEASURE OF INCOME
• GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION - FIGURE 10.1
• EPS EQUIVALENCE POINT - TABLE 10.4
“HIDDEN COSTS”
• BALANCES “EXPLICIT” INCOME EFFECT
• ALSO REFERRED TO AS JOINT COSTS– FLEXIBILITY– RISK– TIMING
FLEXIBILITY
• “ABILITY TO RESTRUCTURE INTERNAL FUNDS AND RAISE NEW FUNDS IN A CRISIS”
• “BUMP IN THE DARK”
• DEBT RATIOS CAN BE EMPLOYED TO QUANTIFY ACCEPTABLE FLEXIBILITY
TIMING
• TWO MAJOR QUESTIONS:
– 1. SEQUENCING OF DEBT AND EQUITY
– 2. FOR DEBT, WHETHER TO FINANCE WITH SHORT TERM OR LONG TERM DEBT
CONTROL
• TYPICALLY FAVORS DEBT FINANCING DUE TO VOTING RIGHTS ISSUE
• MUST RECOGNIZE ROLE OF COVENANTS AS CONTROL ISSUE IN DEBT FINANCING
• THRESHOLDS OF CONTROL