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Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30 th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of Botany

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Page 1: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Debunking Biology:Introduction to Kingdom Protista

UDLS 30th January, 2009

Yana Eglit

Department of Botany

Page 2: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

A biodiversity chart

Purvis & Hector 2000 Nature; based on Hawksworth & Kalin-Arroyo in Global Biodiversity Assessment

*

*

*

Page 3: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Ciccarelli et al. 2006, Science

Life is dominated by bacteria!

Us!

Page 4: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

“Oooh, that’s us!”

NucleiCytoskeletonEndomembrane sys.Phagocytosis

Page 5: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Let’s take a look at some eukaryotes:

(1; ToLWeb)(2; ToLWeb) (3; Wikipedia) (4)

(1; ToLWeb)(2; ToLWeb) (3; Wikipedia) (4)

(Bria

n Le

ande

r, To

LWeb

)

(Mon

a H

oppe

nrat

h, T

oLW

eb)

(Ral

f Mei

ster

feld

, ToL

Web

)

(http://helicosporidia.ifas.ufl.edu/) Nicole King Lab, Berkeley

(Brian Leander)(Robinson 2006 PLoS Biol.)

Page 6: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Im

ages/Protists/radiolarians.jpg

It’s hard to stop…!

http://www.esf.edu/antarctica/images/phaeodarian8-2.jpg

http://www.orgs-evolution-knowledge.net/Index/Tapestry/Kelp.jpg

(Góm

ez 2

008

Eur.

J. P

rot.)

Page 7: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Keeling et al. 2005 Trends Ecol Evol

We’re so important!

Page 8: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Speaking of phylogeny…

Bacteria

Jellyfish

Enlightenment!!1!

Amoebae

Fish

Amphibians

Monkeys

Humans

Can’t draw in Powerpoint; Therefore, animals QED

Enlightenment!!1!

Bacteria

Toxoplasma

Gregarina

Colpodella

Ciliates

Cryptomonads

AmoebaeRed algal plastid

Time Species-specific timezones!?

Page 9: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Closer to truth:Bacteria Amoebae Jellyfish Fish Amphibians Monkeys Humans

Time

Page 10: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

More like this:Bacteria

Amoebae

Jellyfish

Fish AmphibiansMonkeys

Humans

(Not to scale!)# of generations

Longer generations Evolutionary retardation

Enlightenment!!1!

Page 11: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Evolution ≠ Increase in complexity!

© Pokemon

Page 12: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

H.sapiens, etc

www.paleos.orgNicole King Lab, Berkeley

Multicellularity

Loss of multicellularity

Example: Myxosporidia

Page 13: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Typical Cell

(http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T059293A.gif)

Page 14: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Cell shape diversity (ciliates)

Page 15: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Chitchai Chantangsi

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05lostcity/logs/july27/media/xeno2.htmlhttp://www.aphotofungi.com/SlimeMould-Physarum%20polycephalum23-03-07.jpg

http://dictybase.org/Multimedia/LarryBlanton/dev.html

Page 16: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

bacterium Hungry eukaryoteNNN

Ngenes

proteins

1. Host eats organism2. Organism can replicate

inside host3. Genes transferred to

host4. Product of those genes

targeted back to endosymbiont

5. Organelle!

Example: Mitochondria (simplified)

This can happen recursively: Secondary and Tertiary endosymbiosis…

Endosymbiosis

Page 17: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Keeling 2004 Am J Bot

Page 18: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

“Archaezoa”

http://www.cob.lu.se/microsporidia/8nosema_2.jpg Keeling & Fast 2002 Annu Rev Microbiol

Erlandsen et al. 2004 J Euk Microbiol

Kevin Carpenter, ToLWeb

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgsep01/pelomyxa.jpg

http://ww

w.m

icroscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/im

gmar03/Trichonym

pha755.jpg

Page 19: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Archaezoa hypothesis

Embley & Martin 2006 NatureNo primarily amitochondriateEukaryote has been found yet!

Page 20: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Keeling et al. 2005 Trends Ecol Evol

Page 21: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Seeing plastids

Greuet, C. 1987: Complex organelles. In: Taylor, FJR(ed.): The biology of dinoflagellates. BlackwellScientific Publications

(Amos 2000 Nature Cell Biol)

Page 22: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

So tiny, they can be seen from space…

http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/cocco/components/com_ponygallery/img_pictures/originals/20070502_1195996855_d_tubifera.jpg

http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/cocco/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=47&lang=en

Page 23: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

(2; Chitchai)

(2)

Brian Leander

(1)(1)

Agatha et al. 2004Europ J Prot

(3)

Page 24: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Leander & Farmer 2001 J PhycolBrian Leander

Page 25: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Phytophthora – potato blight

(Grenville-Briggs et al. 2008, Plant Cell)

Page 26: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Toxoplasma

Boothroyd & Dubremetz 2008 Nature Rev Microbiol

Ajioka et al. 2001 Exp Rev Mol Med

Page 27: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Plasmodium – Malaria

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Malaria.jpg

Page 28: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Trypanosomes – African Sleeping Sickness, Nagana

Michael Duszenko, University of Tübingen, Germany

Page 29: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Protists and Creation Science

Upon rigorous investigation inspired by Gillen 2008, Answers Research Journal …

Page 30: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

This is real. I wish I were joking…

Page 31: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

• The Facts:– God ‘rests’ on the 7th day. No further info

provided. (God 4004 BCE, Bible)– One must be on crack to design some of those

protists!

• The Revelation:– Protista was created on Day 7 of Creation.Psychoactive substance use strongly suspected.

Protists and Creation Science

Page 32: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Thank you!

O. Roger Andersonmicro*scope

Page 33: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Supplimentary Data

Page 34: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

Imanian, Carpenter, Keeling 2007 J Euk Microbiol

N N

An example of tertiary endosymbiosis:Kryptoperidinium

Page 35: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

HostNucleus

EndosymbiontNucleus

Plastids

Eyespot

Mitochondria

(Behzad Imanian;Slide shamelessly stolen fromJuan Saldarriaga)

Page 36: Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protistaudls/slides/Protists.pdf · Debunking Biology: Introduction to Kingdom Protista UDLS 30th January, 2009 Yana Eglit Department of

References• (1) http://www.tolweb.org/onlinecontributors/app?

page=ViewImageData&service=external&sp=34755&state:ImageGallery=ZH4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1nJeBgYGJgYEtLz8l1TOluIiBLyuxLFEvJzEvXc8nPy%2FduvvJhDP9yveZGBi9GFjLEnNKUyuKGAQQivxKc5NSi9rWTJXlnvKgG2hURQEDGHDOLRdgYODNTU3JTHTOSSwu9swrAZoviNAKFEhNTy0SerRgyffGdgugFZ4wKwoZ6hgYQaYAAPQ8lKilAAAA

• (2) http://www.tolweb.org/onlinecontributors/app?page=ViewImageData&service=external&sp=35542&state:ImageGallery=ZH4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1nJeBgYGJgYEtLz8l1TOluIiBLyuxLFEvJzEvXc8nPy%2FduvvJhDP9yveZGBi9GFjLEnNKUyuKGAQQivxKc5NSi9rWTJXlnvKgG2hURQEDGHDOLhdgYODNTU3JTHTOSSwu9swrAZoviNAKFEhNTy0SerRgyffGdgugFZ4wKwoZ6hgYQaYAAD8%2FGDulAAAA

• (3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phallus_impudicus7_Stinkhorn.jpg• (4) www.tfts.org/pseudobombax_ellipticum.htm