dec 18, 2001odense uni., jens jørgen gaardhøje, niels bohr institute1 nfirst physics at rhic with...
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Dec 18, 2001 Odense Uni., Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, Niels Bohr Institute
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First physics at RHIC with 65 AGeV + 65 AGeV and 100 AGeV + 100 AGeV Au+Au collisions: THE LITTLE BIG BANG
Ecm= s 40 TeV
4000-5000 charged particles produced per collision
Transparency or Stopping ?
Towards nuclear ’stuff’ with matter-antimatter balance
BRAHMS Y2000 + Y2001 @ RHIC: snn=130 GeV, and snn=200 GeV
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Dec 18, 2001 Odense Uni., Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, Niels Bohr Institute
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Quark Gluon PlasmaHot and dense matter
QGP
HG
Freeze out
Hadron gas
Mixed phase
QGP
Pre-equil. quark
2.1012K
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Dec 18, 2001 Odense Uni., Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, Niels Bohr Institute
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The particle ZooBasic ’animals’
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Quark ’Lego’. Hadrons
Weak decay
Hadronic interactionStrange
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Confinement, jets, asymptotic freedom, color ropes etc…
The quarkonium potential
2mqc2
Hadron
Hadron
Meson
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URQMD simulation of Au+Au at snn=200 GeV
Rapidity y = ½ ln (E+pz / E- pz) = ½ ln(1+cos / 1-cos) y(lab) = y + y(cm)
Pseudorapidity = ln (cot [/2])
Transverse momentum pt= p sin
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Central Au+AU collision event in STAR
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RHIC physicsAugust 2000 & August 2001
2:00 o’clock
4:00 o’clock6:00 o’clock
8:00 o’clock
10:00 o’clock
STARPHENIX
RHIC
AGS
LINACBOOSTER
TANDEMS
9 GeV/uQ = +79
1 MeV/uQ = +32
HEP/NP
g-2
U-lineBAF (NASA)
BRAHMS: Lpeak = 3.3 1025 cm-2 s-1
Lave = 1.7 1025 cm-2 s-1
Rcoll= 350 HzPHOBOS
6 b-1
2 wks
August 2000 and 2001
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BRAHMS in the 2’ hall
… in 1998
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Forward & Midrapidity spectrometers in 2001
FS: 2 TPC, 2 TOF, C1-threshold, 3 Drift Ch. Mod., RICH, 4 Dipoles
2.5 - 30 deg. = 1.5 - 4
MRS: 2 TPC, 1 Dipole, 1TOF
30 - 90 deg. = 0 - 1.5
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I.G. Bearden7, D. Beavis1, C. Besliu10, Y. Blyakhman6, J. Bondorf7, J.Brzychczyk4, B. Budick6, H. Bøggild7, C. Chasman1, C. H. Christensen7, P. Christiansen7, J.Cibor4, R.Debbe1, J. J. Gaardhøje7, M. Germinario7, K. Grotowski4, K. Hagel8, O.
Hansen7, H. Heiselberg7, A. Holm7, A.K. Holme12, H. Ito11, E. Jacobsen7, A. Jipa10, J. I. Jordre10, F. Jundt2, C. E. Jørgensen7, T. Keutgen9, E. J. Kim5, T. Kozik3, T.M.Larsen12, J.
H. Lee1, Y. K.Lee5, G. Løvhøjden2, Z. Majka3, A. Makeev8, B. McBreen1, M. Murray8, J. Natowitz8, B.S.Nielsen7, K. Olchanski1, D. Ouerdane7, R.Planeta4, F. Rami2, D.
Roehrich9, B. H. Samset12, S. J. Sanders11, D. Sandberg7,I. S. Sgura10, R.A.Sheetz1, Z.Sosin3, P. Staszel7, T.S. Tveter12, F.Videbæk1, R. Wada8 and A.Wieloch3.
1Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA 2IReS and Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
3Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland 4Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow, Poland 5Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
6New York University, USA 7Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 8Texas A&M University, College Station. USA
9University of Bergen, Norway 10University of Bucharest, Romania
11University of Kansas, Lawrence,USA 12 University of Oslo Norway
BRAHMS Intl. collaboration
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First BRAHMS collision at 100 AGeV+100AGeV
T1
MTPC1
T2
MTPC2
MRS: 90 deg
6.5 msr
FS: 6 deg
0.8 msr
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BRAHMS acceptance Y2000 & Y2001
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Centrality determinationVertex distribution
1m
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TPC tracks, Vertex reconstruction, Charged particle track density
MTPC1
z
y
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dNch/d @ snn= 130 GeVSiMA, TMA, BB, TPC
N=dE /<dE> P(0)/P(n1) Background corr.due
to secondaries (37-50%)
Consistency between 4 independent detector systems
65 AGeV+ 65 AGeV: N(ch)d= 3860±300 Central 0-5% dN(ch)/d (=0) =550 FWHM of distribution
= 7.6 0.7
0-5%
10-20%
20-30%
30-40%
40-50%
5-10%
600
BRAHMS Phys. Lett. B 523 (2001) 227; nucl-ex 0108015
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Background…A slight complication
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RHIC: 200 AGeVWill this happen?
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Whirlpool Galaxy. M51, Hubble space telescope
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Pseudorapidity densities@ 200 AGeV
5630 charged particles produced for 0-5% central
14% increase over 130GeV 50% increase over p +p (UA5) => significant medium effects
Bjorken energy density
BJ = (1/R20) dEt/d 5 GeV/fm3
dEt=dN • <pt>
cf: QGPcritical 1 GeV/fm3
Brahms 200
pp
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Hard and Soft vs.High Density QCD @ 200 AGeV
Kharzeev and Levin (nucl-th/0108006)
HIGH DENSITY QCD MODEL
Soft-Hard: dN/d=(1-X) npp <Npart>/2
+ X npp <Ncoll>
<Ncoll>=1049, <Npart>=339, npp=2.43 =>dN/d=668 (with X=0.9)
High Density QCD-saturation:
dN/dy = f( Npart, Qs
2, ,QCD,s,y)
with =0.3 from HERA data => dN/d=620 (using dN/d=549 at
s=130GeV)
BRAHMS
Submitted to PRL dec. 2001
Nucl-ex. 00112001
=4.5
=3.0
=0
Gluon saturation ?
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Saturation of excitations in fragmentation region
Shift data to beam frame of reference
BRAHMS subm. to PRL- n-ex. 00112001
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Hadron identification MRS (90 - 40 deg). TOF
m2=p2( t2 / L2 -1)
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Hadron IdentificationFS (4-20deg @200AGeV)
C1,H1,T2
+
p
K+
4 deg
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C1 Threshold CherenkovPID
Cos=1/n
=>
th=1/n
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Ring Imaging Cherenkovfor high momentum PID
R
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Antiparticle/particle ratios @ 200AgeV
’+’ ’-’
p-/p = p-(pair) / [p+p(pair)]
K-/K+ = K-(pair) / [K+(pair)+K+(ap)]
(p+p p++K+)
+- pair prod (& ch. exch).
Midrapidity: near matter-antimatter balance
+ +
BRAHMS Preliminary
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How consistent are the models @ snn= 130GeV?
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Summary: First Au+Au snn=130 & 200 GeV
Highest particle multiplicity in nuclear collisions ( 4600 ch. part) ever seen
Large(st) energy density > 5 crit
High reaction transparency Decoupling of central and
’fragmentation’ regions Partonic (color) description
appears necessary Central region dominated by matter-antimatter balance:
Qualitatively new physics regime
To come: Strangeness, fluctuations, net baryon density, jet quenching, ….
2006: ALICE @ LHC -CERN
snn=6000 GeV, Pb+Pb
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Extra’s
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ALICE at LHC point 2CERN
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ALICE TPC
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Pbar/p ratio systematics
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Fluctuations in particle production
Fluctuations in multiplicity
= (<N2>-<N>2 ) / <N>
Participant model:
<N>= <n> <Np>
= (int) + N . (Np)
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Intrinsic fluctuations in particle production
=(int)+(b)+(mom)+(second)+(vertex)
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Multiplicity 200 AGeV / 130 AGeV
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Electromagnetic nuclear dissociation
LO+NLO Mutual EM
•Mutual Electromagnetic dissociation
•(Spectrum of virtual photons) * (absorption cross section) = WW
•Multiphonon GDR excitation, abs
•EM vs Nuclear coll.
•=> neutron (L*R) coincidences
•RELDIS. Pshenichnov, JPB, IM, et al.
EM dissociation selected by ZDC coincidences
and TMA Veto in BRAHMS
n
n n
2n
1n
LO
NLO
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Neutral Energy correlations (ZDC)
C2(EL,ER)=P(EL,ER)/(P(EL)*P(ER))
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N(p-bar)/N(p) systematics vs CM energy
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StrangenessK-/K+ vs y @ snn= 130GeV
BRAHMS Preliminary
CERN-SPS
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Bjorken limit reached for Au+Au snn= 130GeV?
ISR R803
s=23
s=63
BRAHMS
PRL87(2001)112305