decarbonization through hydrogen
TRANSCRIPT
DECARBONIZATIONTHROUGH HYDROGEN
Grant GrothenBusiness Development Manager Global Syngas
Technologies ConferenceOctober 12, 2021
Agenda
Hydrogen as a “Default” fuel
Green* hydrogen Barriers to overcomeOther paths to 100% decarbonized hydrogen
Safety Moment – Power Washers► Yes, can cut into your skin!!!► Common injuries
• Lacerations• Bruises• Eye injuries• Punctures
► Protective equipment• Safety glasses• Long sleeve shirt• Gloves• Jeans• No open toed shoes
HYDROGEN AS A “DEFAULT” FUEL
Hydrogen – not a new idea…
2002Began 1976 1992
Why “hydrogen”?Fuel Chemical FormulaHydrogen H
Natural Gas / Methane CH4
Propane C3H8
Gasoline C8H18
Diesel C12H23
Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
Coal C135H96O9NS
Why “hydrogen”?Fuel Chemical FormulaHydrogen H
Natural Gas / Methane CH4
Propane C3H8
Gasoline C8H18
Diesel C12H23
Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
Coal C135H96O9NS
Why “hydrogen”?Fuel Chemical FormulaHydrogen HNatural Gas / Methane CH4
Propane C3H8
Gasoline C8H18
Diesel C12H23
Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
Coal C135H96O9NS
Default Choice
The Two Hydrogen Paths
Electrolysis using carbon-free power
Other with CCUS
GREEN* HYDROGEN
Green* Hydrogen
Hydrogen produced by electrolysis using carbon-free power.
Green* Proof
Delivered hydrogen produced by electrolysis
Power at time of production was “excess” renewables / carbon-free
“GREEN” CERTIFIED
ESG-Inclusive Commodities Certifications
Solving the “Time of use” Issue
OTHER PATHS TO 100% DECARBONIZED HYDROGEN
100% decarbonized hydrogen from biomass gasification
BiomassFeedstock Gasification
Carbon Capture, Utilization and
StorageOffset feedstock carbon intensity
Support needed to fully commercialize
100% decarbonized hydrogen from SMR / ATR
Natural Gas Feedstock
SMR / ATRCarbon Capture, Utilization and
StorageRenewable Natural Gas
100% decarbonized hydrogen from coal
CoalGasification
Carbon Capture, Utilization and
StorageBiomass
100% decarbonized hydrogen from coal
Coal boilerCarbon Capture, Utilization and
Storage
Electrolyzer
Electricity
Coal
Biomass
BARRIERS TO OVERCOME
Viewpoint – 100% “Pure Green” is the ONLY option► Eliminates competitive technologies
• Natural gas feedstocks• CO2 sequestration (both EOR and geological)
► Minimal considerations for human impacts• Life safety• Financial burdens
► Allow for significant added loads to be “Green”???• Bitcoin mining• Displacement of nuclear and hydroelectric power users
► Environmental impacts• Land use for renewables• End of life waste
1100%
► Upstream methane “leakage”• Wells• Gathering system• Processing
► Studies timed for Congressional consideration• Industry claims significantly overestimating leakage – <0.5% versus 2.5-3.5%• Trade groups slow in response likely due to varying member exposures
► Global warming potential (GWP) for methane 25-82x higher than CO2
► Biden administration and many NGOs not aligned on this issue
2
Winning the methane debate
CH4
3
Geological CCUS has potential fatal flaw► Permitting, permitting, permitting► NIMBY► Class 6 well availability
• Wellington, Kansas first permit
► Environmental Justice issue?► Lake Nyos Release (1986)
• 1.6M ton CO2
• 1,700 dead + 3,500 livestock• Cameroon, West Africa
► Horseshoe Lake (1990)• Tree kill• Mammoth Mountain, CA
Storage OptionsDeep
unused saline
aquifersEnhanced oil
recovery
Depletedoil & gas
reservoirs
Deep unmineablecoal seams
Other options (basalts, oil
shales, cavities)
Enhanced coal bed methane recovery
Guarantee 100% (not 99.9%) no leakage?
Environmental Justice – Pipelines► Executive Order 12898
• Minority populations• Low-income populations
► Established Environmental Justice White House Advisory Council• Didn’t appear to have had Biden administration coordination or representation…• Initially came out against natural gas, hydrogen, EOR and CO2 sequestration
► Many pipeline corridors likely impacted► Potential impact for CO2 pipelines???► Watch and see issue…
4
Commercializing Biomass GasificationA Better DOE Cost Share Funding Approach
► Current• Pilot development – 80%• Initial scale-up – 50% of first unit, 20% of project
► Proposed• Pilot development – 80%• Initial scale-up project – 50%
§ Owner / DOE to assume performance risk• 2nd scale-up project – 40%
§ Efficiencies realized• 3rd scale-up project – 20%
§ Increased commercial delivery familiarity
► Ongoing DOE project support• Petro Nova as example
5
Hydrogen now the “default fuel” for decarbonization
“Green” Certified will be demanded
by Big Tech
Still significant barriers to conquer
Other paths to carbon-free
hydrogen production
SUMMARY
