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members.toastmasters.org Beauty and the Beast An Inconvenient Truth: A front-row seat at the world’s most famous multimedia presentation. TOASTMASTER ® Reframing Three Major Fears About Public Speaking December 2007

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Page 1: December 2007 Reframing

members.toastmasters.org Beauty and the Beast

An Inconvenient Truth:A front-row seat at the

world’s most famousmultimedia presentation.

TOASTMASTER®

ReframingThree Major FearsAbout Public Speaking

December 2007

Page 2: December 2007 Reframing

BOB PROCTOR is a world-renowned speaker and motivator with more than 40 years of experience. He is author of the international bestseller, You Were Born Rich and was featured in the blockbuster hit, The Secret. Bob is one of the highest paid platform speakers in the world today.

Now you have an opportunity to work directly with Bob and his company, LifeSuccess Consultants, the world’s premier provider of personal success training, seminars, and coaching services.

This is the one company that can turn your vision into your reality. Our connections in the industry allow us to offer you the most extensive programs with the best curriculum. By working with Bob Proctor you will gain the access, influence, and experience you need to succeed in your own business.

Vision...

Reality

Contact us today to learn how you can join our international teaching team • Special offers available for Toastmasters

Contact [email protected] or 561-833-4404

2

Page 3: December 2007 Reframing

December 2007 TOASTMASTER 3

V I E W P O I N T

Chris K. Ford, DTMInternational President

PublisherEditor

Associate EditorEditorial Assistant

Graphic Design

DONNA H. GROH

SUZANNE FREY

BETH BLACK

JAMIE REYNOLDS

SUSAN CAMPBELL

International President

Senior Vice President

Second Vice President

Third Vice President

Immediate Past President

Executive Director

Secretary-Treasurer

CHRIS FORD, DTMOttawa, Ontario, Canada

JANA BARNHILL, DTMLubbock, Texas

GARY SCHMIDT, DTMClackamas, Oregon

PAT JOHNSON, DTMVictoria, British Columbia, Canada

JOHNNY UY, DTMCebu City, Philippines

DONNA H. GROHMission Viejo, California

NANCY LANGTONMission Viejo, California

VAL ALBERT, DTMSaratoga Springs, New York

LEE HOLLIDAY, DTMJohns Creek, Geogia

CHARLOTTE HOWARD, DTMOklahoma City, Oklahoma

LAUREN KELLY, DTMTrabuco Canyon, California

JOHN MOFFITT, DTMHouston, Texas

GARY MULL, DTMRiverside, Ohio

MOHAMMED MURAD, DTMDubai, United Arab Emirates

KRISTIN NICHOLSON, DTMRockville, Maryland

SUEZY PROCTOR, DTMTacoma, Washington

JOHN RICH, DTMHouston, Texas

MICHAEL SMITH, DTMBloomington, Illinois

RICHARD SNYDER, DTMUpland, California

JUDY SOUTHWICK, DTMInver Grove Heights, Minnesota

MARTHA TINKER, DTMWest Des Moines, Iowa

TREVIS THOMPSON, DTMMartinez, California

DIETMAR WAGENKNECHT, DTMLake Bluff, Illinois

MARGARET WAN, DTMSaint Petersburg, Florida

GEORGE YEN, DTMTaipei, Taiwan

TOASTMASTER

The TOASTMASTER Magazine (ISSN 00408263) is published monthly byToastmasters International, Inc., 23182 Arroyo Vista, Rancho Santa Margarita,CA 92688, U.S.A. Periodicals postage paid at Mission Viejo, CA and additionalmailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address change to The TOASTMASTERMagazine, P.O. Box 9052, Mission Viejo, CA 92690, U.S.A.

Published to promote the ideas and goals of Toastmasters International, anon profit educational organization of clubs throughout the world dedicatedto teaching skills in public speaking and leadership. Members’ subscriptionsare included in the $27 semi annual dues.

The official publication of Toastmasters International carries authorizednotices and articles regarding the activities and interests of the organization,but responsibility is not assumed for the opinions of the authors of otherarticles. The TOASTMASTER magazine does not endorse or guarantee theproducts it advertises.

Copyright 2007 by Toastmasters International, Inc. All rights reserved.Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Notresponsible for unsolicited material.

Toastmasters International, The TOASTMASTER, and the ToastmasterInternational Emblem are trademarks of Toastmasters International registeredin the United States, Canada and many other countries. Marca registrada enMexico. Printed in U.S.A.

Printed on Recycled Paper

TI OFFICERS AND DIRECTORSFounder DR. RALPH C. SMEDLEY (1878-1965)

2007-2008 OFFICERS

2007-2008 DIRECTORS

TOASTMASTERS INTERNATIONALP.O. Box 9052 • Mission Viejo, CA 92690 U.S.A.

(949) 858-8255 • Fax:(949) 858-1207Voicemail: (949) 835-1300

members.toastmasters.org

CONTACTING WORLD HEADQUARTERS

For information on joiningor building a club, visit: www.toastmasters.org

Article submission: [email protected]

Letters to the Editor: [email protected]

To change mailing address: members.toastmasters.org

• ADVERTISING INQUIRIES ONLY •

For information about advertising, please contact:

Melissa Austin Associates2600 Ladybird Dr. • Calabasas, California 91302Phone: (818) 225-0466 • Fax: (818) 225-0675

[email protected]

� In any given year, the International Presidentenjoys the privilege of visiting about a dozenToastmasters districts around the world. It’s anopportunity to see first-hand what sort of shapeour members are in and how they are shapingtheir worlds. At the time of writing this (on a planesomewhere between Vancouver and Los Angeles), Carole and I have alreadyvisited Districts 11, 43, 40 and 21. From Louisville to Memphis, from Dayton toHarrison Hot Springs, we have been warmly welcomed, delightfully entertained,well fed, worked hard – and met hundreds of Toastmasters in the process!

No matter where we go, we are continually impressed with our members’enthusiasm for the Toastmasters program, and our volunteer leaders’ ener-getic spirit. We also notice the differences in the “culture” from district to dis-trict, the different ways of delivering our tried and true Toastmasters pro-grams.To me this once again proves the versatility and adaptability of ourprograms: what works in Little Rock, Arkansas, also works in Campbell River,British Columbia. By extension, the formula also succeeds in Taipei andMunich, Chicago and Ottawa…and wherever you live!

Why is this? I think it’s because Toastmasters International has come of ageas a truly international organization. Our communication and leadership tracksare designed to enable men and women to shape themselves, regardless ofwhere they live in this world. In fact, the growing appetite for our programsand services is a huge blessing to our organization – and it presents a hugechallenge. Your Board of Directors, supported by the fine folks at WHQ, isresponding to this challenge through our “governance reshaping project”; I’llwrite more about this in future Viewpoints.

From my conversations with so many first-timers at these conferences, it’sobvious to me that the conference itself has a shaping effect on our newermembers, and that they in turn help to shape the conference and the district.Personally, I find it very refreshing to hear the views of men and womenwho have only just discovered Toastmasters. Note to all of us who have beenaround for five years or longer: Listen to the newcomers – they have greatideas about the shaping influence of Toastmasters on themselves, and theshape of our organization as a whole! Note to those of you who have not yetattended your first district conference: Don’t miss the next one! It will openyour eyes to the world of opportunities beyond the club!

By the time you read this, the holiday season will be here for most of ourmembers. Whether you celebrate Hanukkah or Christmas, Chinese New Yearor countless other seasonal events, Carole and I wish the very best for youand your families. It’s a great time of year to be thankful for the opportunitieswe have to shape ourselves and our world!

On the Road...with Toastmasters

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

December 2007 THE TOASTMASTER 5

The Toastmasters Vision:Toastmasters International empowers people to achieve their full potential and realize

their dreams. Through our member clubs, people throughout the world can improve theircommunication and leadership skills, and find the courage to change.

The Toastmasters Mission:Toastmasters International is the leading movement devoted to making

effective oral communication a worldwide reality.

Through its member clubs, Toastmasters International helps men and women learn the arts ofspeaking, listening and thinking – vital skills that promote self-actualization, enhance leadership

potential, foster human understanding, and contribute to the betterment of mankind.

It is basic to this mission that Toastmasters International continually expand its worldwide networkof clubs thereby offering ever-greater numbers of people the opportunity to benefit from its programs.

3 Viewpoint: On the Road. . .with ToastmastersBy International President Chris K. Ford, DTM

6 Letters to the Editor

7 My Turn: Do You Hear What I Hear?When a sound can confound.By Marion Amberg

8 Profile: From Producer to PianistHow one Toastmaster sharesher message through song.By Julie Bawden Davis

14 An Inconvenient TruthA front-row seat at the world’smost famous multimedia presentation.By Carl Duivenvoorden, DTM

16 Laugh Lines: Generating Funwith PowerPointDon’t worry, be funny!By Malcolm Kushner

22 For the Novice: Projecting Poweron the PodiumStand and look good –even if you don’t feel good.By George Torok

32 Experiencing the CompetentLeadership ManualWhy is this manual important?This Toastmaster tells you!By Jean G. Hogle, DTM

34 Hall of Fame

38 2007 Article Index

&ARTICLESDEPARTMENTS

D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 7Volume 73, No. 12

Who’s Your Audience?Ways to win your audience

through inclusion.

By Craig Harrison, DTM

PAGE 10

Size Up Your AudienceOne of the most important aspects of

knowing your audience is to know thenumber of people expected to attend.

By Cliff Suttle, ATMS/CL

PAGE 18

Reframing Three MajorFears About Public Speaking

A therapist tells all...

By Judith E. Pearson, Ph.D., DTM

PAGE 24

Beauty and the BeastChanging your fear

from fiend to friend.

By Judi Bailey

PAGE 28

FEATURES

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6 TOASTMASTER December 2007

L E T T E R S

new Toastmasters club, he came tothe meetings on a regular basis andgave me his full support. He wassuch a wonderful example for peopleto follow, with his outstanding organi-zation, leadership and communicationskills. He was instrumental in settingup five Toastmasters clubs. He wasworking on his fifth DTM and hissixth club. Van would always say:Whatever the mind of man can con-ceive, the mind of man can achieve.William (Bill) Spears, DTM • Lachine Voyageur Toastmasters ClubLachine, Quebec, Canada

Two Toastmasters LeadersThe articles “Legacy of Champions”and “Shaping Ourselves . . . ShapingOur World” in the September issueare indicative of two great leadersshaping the future of Toastmasters.Coach Jacques Curtis in the “Legacyof Champions” epitomizes the quin-tessential mentor shaping the livesof his women’s basketball team.International President Chris Ford

uniquely provides the gift of leader-ship as an example to all of us as hepresides over our global organization.His answers to the questions posedin this article are clearly “take-away”items representing the embodimentof Toastmasters International.Bowman Olds, ATM • Speak Out at SAIC (SOS) ToastmastersMcLean, Virginia

Stepping up to Speaking SuccessI just finished reading the article onSarah Taylor – “Getting Paid toSpeak” – in the October magazine.Taylor’s five tips for breaking intoprofessional speaking were insight-ful in outlining key steps to enterinto and become successful in pro-fessional speaking. This was a verytimely article for me since I amworking on developing my profes-sional speaking career.Thanks very much!

Carlton Dennis,DTM • Big Blue Toastmasters • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Let Me Tell You…Although profoundly on target over-all, I found Toastmaster Hobson’sarticle on evaluating (November) sig-nificantly off the mark when it comesto the actual delivery of the feed-back. To suggest that a first-personstyle can lead to conflict, a loss ofsharing by the larger group, and thepotential for a “threat of superiority,”are the most foreign concepts I canimagine connected to an evaluation.I recommend we refrain from

suggesting that one style is betterthan others. And if I could see you,Toastmaster Hobson, I would saythat directly to you with the greateraudience listening in.Bob Turel, DTM • Tampa Bay Toastmasters Club • St. Petersburg, Florida

A Powerful ProcessShawn Doyle’s article, “Secrets of thePros” (October) says, “Stop usingPowerPoint” because “very fewpeople know how to use PowerPointeffectively.” Before we put PowerPointout to pasture, consider this: A lot ofwhat we learn about speech devel-opment and delivery comes fromthe written and oral evaluations ofour fellow Toastmasters. Therefore,if members don’t know how to usePowerPoint effectively, they shouldcreate a PowerPoint presentation fortheir next Toastmasters speech. Thefeedback they get will help themimprove their skills.James Thomas,ACB,ALB • Fantastic Toastmasters • Newark,California

Salute to “Submarine”The Toastmaster Tribute to WilliamSnader in the October issue mademe want to salute a Toastmaster inmy small town. Her name is SugaShiota, a founding member of ourclub, who died in a car accident aweek ago. Her nickname “Submarine”refers to a Japanese humble expres-sion and reflects her personal

nature. Suga Shiota was a real rolemodel of Toastmasters. Now, deepsorrow of her death is changing toa spontaneous move to found the“Submarine Memorial Fund” tohonor her legacy.Taka Asai, ATMS/CL • Tokushima Club • Tokushima-shi, Japan

Chris Ford at ConferenceThis past weekend (October 12-13),District 11 was very fortunate tohost International President ChrisFord at our fall conference. Wow!!For someone who has accom-plished so much in his career, Chrisis so very down-to-earth. His partic-ipation in Friday’s Fun Night reallyadded to the evening – only to beoutdone by his talks and trainingpresentation on Saturday. He is acharismatic motivator who repre-sents Toastmasters with greatenthusiasm and sincerity.If memory serves me correctly,

Chris mentioned that ours was thefirst of 12 district conferences hewas planning to attend. If youhave a chance to attend one of theremaining eleven conferences, youare in for a treat. I strongly encour-age you to spread the word andmake sure as many Toastmasters aspossible get a chance to meet him.You will be glad you did!Cathy Thuerbach, CC, CL • T.A.L.K.S. Club • Indianapolis, Indiana

A Friend to Many ToastmastersOn August 31, 2007, I had the hon-our to deliver a eulogy at thememorial service of a very dearfriend, Van Hoven Petteway, DTM.He was one of the first persons I

met when I joined Toastmasters. Vanbecame like a brother to me. Hewas always supporting me in everyway he could. The day I receivedmy DTM, he immediately picked upthe phone to congratulate me. Whenhe found out that I was starting a

Do you have something to say? Write it in 200 wordsor less, sign it with your name, address and clubaffiliation and send it to [email protected].

Page 7: December 2007 Reframing

M Y T U R N

Do You Hear What I Hear?I told her she was much too

young to be a feminist and offeredher a “boy” cheese sandwichinstead. But she wouldn’t hear of it.

When someone offers me acan of “Choke,” I try to disarmthem with “Spite.” I’ve discov-ered that decapitated coffeedoesn’t taste nearly as goodas decaffeinated, andwhen my back goes

out, choir practice isno substitute for thechiropractor. I’veconfused “groan”with “grown” and“plasma” with

“plaza.”I nolonger

gaspwhenan

editorasks aboutmy writing“fleas.” Andwhen a loved one tells

me they “loathe” me, I just love ‘emback. It’s the leash I can do.

For more truth in hearing, Iconfess that a pathetic ministeronce turned out to be quiteprophetic. I never look at a busi-nessman’s feet if he’s talking about“his shoes.” I’ve learnedthat he may have other “issues”on his mind.

So the next time you miss an ear-ful, do what I do – play it by ear.It’s the only way to shave the day!

Marion Amberg is a Minneapolis-based freelance writer.

“Imaginary oranges?” I asked.“Wouldn’t real ones taste better?”

She must have been all ears,because I found bits of man-darin orange in herChristmas saladthat year.

Anotherboss askedme, when Ireturned towork after about with theflu, if I wasfeeling a litterbetter. “I don’thave a dog,” Ireplied, “butthat virus surehad me in thedoghouse.”

My biggesthearing bloopersoccur when I’mextremely tired.Sometimes a fewhours go by beforeI can decode a “what-did-you-say-ism.”

That’s exactly whathappened when a radiobroadcaster reported that 34overweight ducks were beingordered off Minnesota highways.Even though it sounded like fowlplay, I knew better than to quackabout it. Good thing, too, becauseseveral hours later my tired braindelivered the correct answer:“34 overweight trucks.”

When I want more than hearsay,I talk to kids. Because they’re stilllearning to enunciate, slip-ups arebound to happen. My niece Vanessafound that out one day when sheasked for a “girl” cheese sandwich.

� It’s not that I don’t hear. I do. Butsometimes I have trouble distin-guishing what’s being said. Whenthat happens, my brain tries todecipher the syllables I’ve justheard. Sometimes it works. Whenit doesn’t, anything can happen –especially if I get my m’s and n’smixed up. I’m learning how not toslide from a little slip-up to a big,fat blunder, But sometimes thelearning process is painfully slow.

What began as a innocent visitby a friend’s parents almost endedup in a nudist camp. “My parentsare coming this weekend,” Cherylsaid one day. “It’s the only timethey can come naked.”

“But it’s winter,” I replied.“What does that have to do with

it?” she asked, giving me that pecu-liar look I’ve grown accustomed towhen I’ve heard something wrong.

Suddenly, my ears understood.“Oh,” I said, “you mean that’s whenthey can make it.”

You know the saying, “Hear noevil.” That’s especially true inchurch. An announcement by thepastor one Sunday had me seriouslyquestioning his life’s calling. “TheAnnual Nude Women’s Camp willbe held this weekend,” he said alittle too brightly.

Say what?!I flipped open my bulletin, my

inquiring eyes scanning the columnof upcoming events. When theystopped on some bold letters, I read“Annual Youth Winter Camp.”

I once had a boss who said I heardonly what I wanted to hear. I guessshe didn’t like my quizzical lookwhen she announced that she wasbringing a gelatin salad with imagi-nary oranges to the Christmas party.

When a sound can confound.

December 2007 TOASTMASTER 7

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P R O F I L E

8 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Julie Bawden Davis

From Producer to Pianistbit of sadness, but then becameuplifting.”

It wasn’t until the words camethat Marie realized she was compos-ing a tribute to Ronald Reagan, whohad died three days earlier. “I wasabsolutely floored!” she says. “Thefirst time I played the whole songthrough, I cried.”

Marie remained constantly sur-prised by what she calls “the littlemiracles” that occurred around thecreation of the song. “After Irecorded the song, I looked downat the measures bar and noted thatit read 93,” she says. “RonaldReagan died at the age of 93.”The night after she finished thesong, Marie went to her firstToastmasters meeting at the TalegaGallery Club in San Clemente,where she noticed another sign.

“The information at the club wasexactly what I needed to hear,” saysMarie. “Someone read a quote byRonald Reagan, and the club presi-dent said that she was moved totears by Reagan’s devotion to Nancy,which I mention in the song.”

Something else happened at themeeting that didn’t seem that extra-ordinary at the time, but provedinvaluable to Marie. “A member gavean intriguing presentation called the‘One-Minute Toastmaster,’ ” sheremembers.” The speaker suggestedpracticing a speech all the waythrough, rather than stopping andstarting over when you make a mis-take, because when you do that youonly practice the beginning of the

The first time Terri Marie com-posed a song on the piano, shethought the composition was

a fluke. “I didn’t think I’d be writinganother,” says the pianist and song-writer, who at the time producedmusic for other performers but hadno plans to create her own melodies.

“Inspired by how breathtakingthe California landscape looks aftera night of rain, I called the song‘Silver Morning,’ ” says Marie.

“I thought it was just a one-time reaction to a beautiful image;I had no idea that it would lead tomuch more.”

Since that first song, Marie hasperformed at the Nixon Library andcomposed the score for a children’smovie. She credits Toastmasters forencouraging her to pursue herdreams.

Marie was initially surprised whenshe suddenly started composingmusic in the 1990s.

“After that first song, the musicjust kept coming, and it hasn’tstopped,” says Marie, a Toast-master who attends clubs in SanClemente, California, and Sedona,Arizona, where she holds resi-dences. “Now almost every time

I sit down at the piano,a song comes through.”

Marie is a giftedmusician, says JerryVelasco, an actor andmusician. “She is aninnovative composerand has excellentpresentation skills.”

One song Marie isespecially proud of isher tribute to formerpresident RonaldReagan.

“On Tuesday June 8,2004, while happily play-ing my piano, a newsong started to comethrough,” recalls Marie.“After quickly recordinga couple of lines, I wentback to my familiarsongs, but the new songinsisted on beingnoticed. It started with a

How one Toastmaster sharesher message through song.

Terri Marie8

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 9

speech. That advice helped mequickly learn my song and performit flawlessly.”

The next day Marie called herfather, who told her that she hadcreated something powerful andthat she should share it.

After making several phonecalls to a variety of contacts,Marie was invited to performthe song at a tribute for Reaganat the Nixon Library.

“Before I could stop myself, Iagreed to perform my song, despitethe fact that I had never played inpublic before,” says Marie, whoadmits to waking up the next morn-ing in a panic. “I felt overwhelmedto know that I’d be performing onthe same stage where [Henry]Kissinger had spoken.”

Needing to learn the song quick-ly, Marie practiced her compositionmultiple times, using advice fromher fellow Toastmaster’s “OneMinute Toastmaster” speech. Then,the big day arrived. On Sunday, June13, 2004 she walked onstage at theNixon Library.

“I had just 15 minutes to talkabout how I wrote the song andthen perform it,” she says, notinghow thankful she was for herToastmasters training, especiallyTable Topics. “I was able to talkcasually from my piano seat to theaudience and explain how andwhen I wrote the song,” she says.“I shared that the song providedme a way to honor the life of agreat man who truly lovedAmerica and shared an incrediblebond with his wife. Then I played“Reagan’s Ride” for the first timein public.”

When Marie finished, the crowdremained silent for a moment andthen began clapping wildly. “As Iwalked down the aisle to leave,I noticed an older couple with tearsin their eyes and a young womanwho mouthed the words ‘thankyou’ to me,” she says. “Seeing those

reactions made the experience wellworth it.”

Marie’s voyage with her songdidn’t end there. For two years sheattempted to contact Nancy Reaganso that she could give the formerfirst lady a copy of the song. Shefinally succeeded and was told Mrs.Reagan greatly appreciated therecording.

“Terri Marie is a great exampleof how the skills you learn inToastmasters can help you in thereal world,” says former Interna-tional President Alfred Herzing, amember of the Yorba LindaAchievers Club, who mentoredTerri Marie when she first joinedthe organization. “Terri was a goodspeaker from the beginning, but Isaw her gain further confidenceand broaden her skill set by prac-ticing in our club as she workedthe Toastmaster program.”

Jack Nichols, a member of theFounder’s District ProfessionalSpeakers club, which meets inOrange, California, agrees. “Outof all the people I’ve seen growthrough Toastmasters – and I’veseen many – I would have to say

Steps to Greater CreativityL ike other art forms, speech writing is a creative process.

“Through our speeches we have the gift and respon-sibility to touch and inspire others,” saysToastmasterTerri Marie. She suggests the following tips to buildcreativity and write better speeches:

1. Trust in your abilities.

2. Find something that sparks your interest

3. Take that first step and start.

4. Never deny the muse.When it knocks, answer the doorno matter what time it is.

5. Do not judge your work.

6. Give creativity time and gain inspiration from nature orcultural events.

7. Know that your passion is the map to your creativity.

that Terri has taken it the furthest,”he says. “She’s a real creativemachine. I’ve watched her broadenall of her talents, including music,speaking and writing.”

In addition to speaking on aregular basis and composing hermusic, Marie is author of the book,Be the Hero of Your Own Game,as well as a regular newspaper col-umn on local heroes for the SanClemente Sun Post News. She is alsocurrently recording some of herown music on CD.

“I wouldn’t be as far as I amtoday without Toastmasters,” saysMarie. “The organization not onlygives you the tools to communicateeffectively, it enables you to reachyour dreams and share your ownsong in whatever form it may take.Listen carefully because you neverknow when you’ll receive a pieceof advice from Toastmasters thatcould change your life.”

Julie Bawden Davis is a freelancewriter and longtime contributorto this magazine. She lives inSouthern California. Reach her [email protected].

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10 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Craig Harrison, DTMWays to win your audience through inclusion.

YOURM

ost speakers want unanimous

approval, a standing ovation and all

the advantages that accrue from a

successful speech. Yet speakers often sabotage

themselves in their quest to connect. Some-

times they inadvertently alienate or even

polarize an audience through ill-conceived

remarks or lack of sensitivity. The results?

Lukewarm receptions, sparse applause and in the case ofcontests, a seat outside the winner’s circle.Speakers often presume that audiences share their

belief systems, values or political preferences. Sometimesit’s because their audience members look like they do, orbecause in their city, most people do share beliefs. Butoften looks belie reality. You cannot read people’s heartsor minds. When you presume, you run the risk of offend-ing audience members without even knowing it.I’ve listened to speakers who presumed everyone in

the room voted for the same candidate in the most recent

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 11

�Toastmasters Accredited Speaker Anne Barab,DTM, wows the audience during the 2007International Convention in Phoenix, Arizona.

� A Muslim speaking to a Christian audience, or vice versa� An Aborigine speaking to Australians of English heritage� A Korean speaking to a largely Japanese audience

In each case, there may be differing customs, valuesand even accents. To ignore such differences would belike ignoring an elephant in the room. The lack ofacknowledgement would distract from your actualmessage. The wise approach is to acknowledge differ-ences in a respectful way.

InclusivityThink for a moment about the way Toastmasters oftenopen their speeches: “Madam Toastmaster, fellowToastmasters and most welcomed guests.” This openingis designed to include all who may find themselves inyour audience, and it welcomes each. That’s good! Wewant to similarly cast a wide net when speaking to audi-ences who may be skeptical, doubtful or reluctant toembrace our message because of their own background,disposition or past experiences. Craft your opening toengage all, especially those who may be in the minorityin terms of gender, religion, age or political preference.

Reputations Help and HinderI grew up and continue to reside in Berkeley, California– home of the University of California, and the freespeech movement, protests and riots of the 1960s. Was Ia part of the riots of the late ’60s? No! I was seven yearsold. I was busy selling lemonade on the corner like anychild of my age. Yet some audiences presume that allpeople from Berkeley are long-haired hippies who arerebels, radicals and draft dodgers with no respect forauthority. Some dislike me before I’ve spoken a word,based on reputation. (I dispel their fears with humor andself-effacement in my speech’s introduction.)

The Elephant in the RoomSpeechwriter Tom Roberts of Oakland, California, hailsfrom Arkansas, where as a college professor he taughtpublic speaking, oral interpretation and broadcast jour-nalism. Audiences always have two questions: “Whydon’t you sound like you’re from the South?” And, “Doyou know President Bill Clinton?” After 17 years as anational broadcaster, Tom has trimmed his regionalaccent, yet based on credentials, these questions colorpeoples’ introductory impressions of him. Tom antici-pates the questions and answers them at the outset torefocus his audiences.Dynamic professional speaker Mikki Williams of

Chicago, with her big hair and big jewelry, has audiencespondering her resemblance to actress Laynie Kazan, orsingers Barbara Streisand or Bette Midler. Knowing this,at the outset, she eggs the audience on: “OK, who do Ilook like?” She poses a little and the audience shouts out

national or local election, or that everyone in the clubshared his belief about an upcoming holiday, or herstance on a war or national policy. It turned out theaudience’s opinion was far from unanimous.

Speaking In the Lion’s DenSometimes we find ourselves speaking to an audiencewith different beliefs, perspectives or experiences. In theUnited States you might be:

� A lone Republican speaking to an audience ofDemocrats, or vice versa

� A manager speaking to employees� A Northerner speaking in the deep South� A woman speaking to an all-male audience

Internationally, you may find yourself across a fencefrom an audience for a variety of reasons:

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12 TOASTMASTER December 2007

and perceived. It also affects how you, thespeaker, see and perceive your audience.

The Olive BranchThe best speeches are inclusive, bringingaudiences together or else offering somethingfor multiple perspectives, beliefs or prefer-ences. In cases where you are speaking to ahostile or opposing party, praise them! It willdisarm them. You can kill them with kindness.When you are conciliatory or otherwise gener-ous with your acknowledgement, their respectfor you grows. By being magnanimous, youshow yourself worthy of further consideration.

A Toast to Differing TastesA great, if exaggerated, example of catering tomultiple factions within an audience can befound in the famous “Whiskey Speech” of JudgeNoah S. “Soggy” Sweat Jr. Delivered to theMississippi legislature on April 4, 1952, thisspeech takes a stand on the controversial prohi-bition topic of legalizing liquor (then illegal inthat state). In successive paragraphs he appearsto be either pummeling or praising the effectsof alcohol. He seemingly appealed to both sideswhile maintaining his neutrality. Though hisspeech takes political doublespeak to comicproportions, the lesson remains: Know youraudience and give something of value to all.

Appealing to Our CommonalitiesWhen speaking to audiences who appear to

be different from you, seek out your commonalities andbuild upon them. For instance, you may be speaking toan audience comprised predominantly of people whosepolitical beliefs are opposite yours, and this is known toall. Your opening greeting may begin “Good eveningfriends and fellow citizens…” Indeed you are all citizens.This is why many speeches given by United States presi-dents begin with, “My fellow Americans…” Other thingsyou may have in common: you are all taxpayers, votersand survivors of that evening’s Chicken à la Firestone.Look for common ground to launch your speech and youand your audience will start the journey together.

When you speak to audiences from other countries,take the time to learn enough of their language to wel-come them and help them feel at home. Whether you areusing sign language for the deaf, colloquialisms thatreflect the locality your audience is from, or you dress thepart through a hat, tie, scarf or other sartorial garnishes,you are embracing the audience for who they are, andthey will appreciate it – when it’s done with sincerity.

names. In her speaking school, she coaches all speakers to“go with the obvious. Call on your attributes. So you’rebald, pregnant or have a pronounced accent, reference it.Use self-directed humor to connect with your audience.” Ifyou’re vertically challenged you might open with “Can yousee me now?” Then, stand on your tip-toes and ask again!

Blues musicians Howlin’ Wolf and Willie Dixon longago taught that “you can’t judge a book by lookin’ at itscover,“ yet initially that is all audience members have togo on. Your mission is to help audiences get to know,trust and like you through your graciousness, inclusiveengagement and appropriate disclosures. Especially at thebeginning of your speech, these qualities help you bondwith your audience, who will see you’re more alike thandifferent from them.

What are your presumptions about people of otherreligions, a certain age or orientation? What presumptionsmight people have of you, based solely on your age,gender, ethnicity, orientation or occupation? Whether ornot it’s accurate, it’s affecting how you are heard, seen

The Case For – and Against – Whiskey

Noah S.“Soggy” Sweat Jr. delivered this famous“Whiskey Speech” onApril 4, 1952, at a banquet while

the prohibition issue was before the Mississippi legislature:

“My friends,“I had not intended to discuss this controversial subject at this par-

ticular time. However, I want you to know that I do not shun controver-sy. On the contrary, I will take a stand on any issue at any time, regard-less of how fraught with controversy it might be.You have asked me howI feel about whiskey. All right, here is how I feel about whiskey.

“If when you say whiskey you mean the devil’s brew, the poisonscourge, the bloody monster that defiles innocence, dethrones reason,destroys the home, creates misery and poverty, yea, literally takes thebread from the mouths of little children; if you mean the evil drink thattopples the Christian man and woman from the pinnacle of righteous,gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation, and despair, andshame and helplessness, and hopelessness, then certainly I am against it.

“But;“If when you say whiskey you mean the oil of conversation, the philo-

sophic wine, the ale that is consumed when good fellows get together,that puts a song in their hearts and laughter on their lips, and the warmglow of contentment in their eyes; if you mean Christmas cheer; if youmean the stimulating drink that puts the spring in the old gentleman’sstep on a frosty, crispy morning; if you mean the drink which enables aman to magnify his joy, and his happiness, and to forget, if only for a lit-tle while, life’s great tragedies, and heartaches, and sorrows; if you meanthat drink, the sale of which pours into our treasuries untold millions ofdollars, which are used to provide tender care for our little crippled chil-dren, our blind, our deaf, our dumb, our pitiful aged and infirm; to buildhighways and hospitals and schools, then certainly I am for it.

This is my stand. I will not retreat from it. I will not compromise.”

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Insights on Inside JokesAnother way speakers alienate their audiences is throughexcessive use of inside jokes or references to events orknowledge known by some – but not most – of the audi-ence. Your goal is to help everyone feel like an insider.Too many references to people or topics not known tomost audience members estrange them from the speaker.Help people feel included, not excluded.So leave the insider jokes out.

Speak to Win!Professional speaker Simma Lieberman of Berkeley,California, is known as “The Inclusionist.” She trainsorganizations worldwide in how to succeed throughinclusion. Lieberman knows the value of helping audi-ences feel better about themselves. “To be an inclusivespeaker means that you know how to create communityin the short time you are in front of people, by engagingthem and making them feel like you are talking to [all of]them.” Simma takes great pains to learn as much abouther audience as possible. Before the event, she asks ques-tions. Then she greets everyone upon arrival and usesquestions in her opening remarks to engage and includeall members of the audience. As a result, she wins theirattention, respect and adoration. You can too! When youunite your audience, your applause will be unanimous!

Craig Harrison, DTM, AL, founded LaughLovers Toastmas-ters 596430 in Oakland, California, to help speakers con-nect to their audiences through laughter. Reach him viahis website www.ExpressionsOfExcellence.com.

Lisa Jeffery, speech professor from Miami Beach, Florida,explains: “Consider a female health care professionalspeaking to Baptist ministers on the controversial topicof abortion. She’s got to start out on common ground.Likeability is important. She should strive to garner some‘amens’ early in her speech through praise, respect and afocus on what is shared by the speaker and audience.”She coaches her clients and students to focus on

achievable goals. In this case, getting the ministers toopen their minds enough to consider the validity of adivergent point of view may be attainable. Convertingthem through her speech alone to change their beliefsystem is far less likely.

For the Benefit of a FewYou may speak about an event, experience or phenome-non that most – but not everyone – knows, understands oris familiar with. Consider the phrase “blue moon.“ Ratherthan assume everyone knows it, or worse yet, asking: Isthere anyone here who doesn’t know what a “bluemoon” is? Explain if for all: “For those of you unfamiliarwith expression ‘once in a blue moon,’ it refers to thesecond moon in a month, a rare occurrence.” You mightphrase it simply: “. . . it was as rare as a blue moon.”That way you don’t embarrass, demean or ostracize

the person who doesn’t understand or hasn’t been versedin your history, points of reference or colloquialism. Fewpeople wish to admit in a crowd that they don’t under-stand something. Yet it may inhibit their ability (or desire)to follow your speech, embrace your argument orsupport your cause.

Tips for Better Knowing Your Audience� Learn about your audience before you speak.Ask questions, meet them informally, use polls, surveys and question-

naires. Google “online survey service” to find companies that will help you set upWeb surveys.� Meet your audience members on the way into the room. Chat with them one-on-one and in small groups to learn

more about them and identify commonalities.� Use the technique of “Call and Response” to engage and include your audience.“How many of you have children? (Wait

for response.) How many of you are children?” (Wait for laughter!)� Include your audience through generous eye contact that shows you see them as individuals.� Speak to an audience member in the front, the middle and the back; speak to people on the left, the right and in the

center. Vary where you direct your remarks.� Remember, the shortest distance between people is often a smile.When you smile at someone, they should smile back.� If you’re from out of town, reference something local about the town, region or state.� Topical references often connect you with your audience. Reference, for example, the local weather (which we all

experience), the traffic jam on the way to the program, a recent event or other common experience. But be carefulto reference something that’s truly universal within your audience.

� Remember, you’re not a speaker without an audience.They are the most valuable people in the room. Speaking is acollaborative experience. Share the spotlight with them and they’ll respond appreciatively!

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14 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Carl Duivenvoorden, DTM

even the transitions. The third partwas a workshop presented by authorAndy Goodman on techniques foreffective speaking. The Toastmastersevaluator in me couldn’t help butmake a few notes on what I sawand heard during those three days.

The Speaker’s BudgetsMr. Gore described the three “budgets”presenters have when they speak:time, complexity and hope.

� The time budget refers to theimportance of always respectingthe audience and finishing at theappointed time. (I couldn’t helpthinking that our Toastmasters tim-ing signals would be helpful here.)

� The complexity budget refers topresenting information in a way thatthe audience can grasp and retain.In presenting a topic as complicatedas our global climate, it’s easy tocause eyes to glaze over – but Mr.Gore pointed out how even themost complicated elements could bemade understandable to most audi-ences if they were broken down to

Just about everyone has seen or heard of former U.S. Vice

President and Nobel Peace Prize winner Al Gore’s Oscar-

winning movie, An Inconvenient Truth. But imagine having a

front row seat at a live version of that presentation, presented

by Mr. Gore himself.

by my Toastmasters experience! Iwas fortunate to have been selectedfor Class 6, the final group to betrained. I credit my “Toastmastersresume” for helping me stand outamong the thousands of highlyqualified people who applied.

The three-day program was ledby Mr. Gore and a team of scientistsand environmental educators. It wasfilled with highlights from start tofinish, but three parts were especiallynoteworthy. The first involved seeingMr. Gore present the InconvenientTruth multimedia show in personat the opening session. (I made sureto arrive early for a front-row seat.)The second highlight was spendinga full day with Mr. Gore as hetrained our group and explainedevery slide meticulously: the science,the visual, the key message and

A front row seat at theworld’s most famousmultimedia presentation.

An InconvenientTruth�The author with Nobel Peace Prize

winner Al Gore (left).

I was lucky enough to have hadjust that opportunity when I attend-ed a training session in Nashville,Tennessee, last April.

It all started when I read AnInconvenient Truth not long afterthe book was published. I wasimmediately captivated by how itpresented an issue as complex asclimate change in clear, easy-to-understand ways. It was like GlobalWarming 101 – and it incorporateda lot of the communication tech-niques we strive to learn throughToastmasters.

Soon after, I found out that Mr.Gore would be training 1000 peopleto be “climate change messengers,”giving live presentations of AnInconvenient Truth in their owncommunities. So I submitted anapplication – headlined, of course,

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 15

basic concepts, and then presentedwith the right words and visuals.

� The hope budget, more specificto this topic, refers to the need toensure that the audience leaves notwith a sense of despair, but with afeeling of hope and empowerment.I believe that the motivationalspeaking techniques I have learnedthrough Toastmasters will help merespect this budget.

Powerful VisualsPerhaps the one element that hasmade An Inconvenient Truth standout from other books or documen-taries is its use of clear and dramaticvisuals to engage and persuade theaudience. From the awe-inspiring“Earth Rise” photograph to thejagged red line of data showingrising CO2 levels, the visuals speakto the point. Messages are presentedwith powerful tables and charts, andreinforced with vivid photographsor video clips. A single slide withanimated global ocean currentsprovides a nice dramatization of acomplicated system.

Schematic diagrams follow theviewer’s natural gaze across thescreen: either flowing from top leftto bottom right, or flowing horizon-tally from left to right. In some hori-zontally flowing slides, barriers areshown as obstacles to be vaultedover to rise to a higher level. In allvisuals, text is used sparingly, allowingthe audience’s focus to remain onthe visual as it is explained verbally.

TransitionsAn Inconvenient Truth actually con-tains several “chapters” – What isglobal warming? What are the signs?How will it affect us? What can wedo about it? But they flow togetherseamlessly, thanks to smooth transi-tions. Navigation from slide to slideis effortless, with special transitionsstrategically inserted to focus atten-tion. As an example, Mr. Gore

pointed to a slide where the mapof Greenland dramatically drops inbeside Antarctica, and anotherwhere a garden shovel is abruptlyreplaced by a massive excavator.There is even a transition wherea vertical line of data swirls 90degrees and becomes horizontal,to emphasize that it is the samedata and prevent a ‘disconnect’ inthe eye of the viewer.

Speaking to the HeartBeyond facts and figures, a speakermust use conviction and passion toconvince an audience. Mr. Goreused vocal variety masterfully, fromsoftly spoken messages of hope topowerful calls for action. He refer-enced great American triumphs suchas the Constitution, civil rights lawsand the Apollo moon landings asproof of a society’s ability to meet achallenge as formidable as climatechange. And he motivated his audi-ence to action by linking the accep-tance of a “truth” with a moralobligation to act upon it.

Speaking TechniqueBoth Al Gore and Andy Goodmantouched upon many of the techniquesemphasized within Toastmasters,such as:

� The use of pauses, to allow theaudience to process complicatedor high-impact visuals.

� The use of humor, including self-deprecating humor, to buildrapport with the audience andget their permission to go whereyou are going to go.

� The use of the “Tell them whatyou’re going to say – tell them –tell them what you said” trio.This technique was applied tothe entire presentation, and espe-cially to complicated ideas. Forexample, one of the more com-plex slides in the presentationwas introduced and explainedwith the following sequence:

1. Transitioning to the slide: Hesaid, “On the next slide, you’regoing to see three trends…”(with a brief explanation)

2. While viewing the slide: Hesaid, “This graph demonstratesthose three trends,” (with amore detailed explanation)

3. Transitioning from the slide:He said, “Now that you’veseen how these trends areclear . . . (with a quick recapof the key message beforemoving on)

� The use of rhetorical questionsto help bridge transitions andlead the audience from onepoint to the next. For example,“So why should the average citi-zen care about this trend? Well,for starters . . .”

� The use of examples, analogiesand similes an audience couldrelate to, such as comparing theannual layers in a core of ancientice to the growth rings of a tree.

For three days last April, I hadthe privilege of a front row seat atthe world’s most famous multimediashow. It was a wonderful opportu-nity to watch a skilled presenterface-to-face, to absorb a mass ofinformation and to study some ofthe techniques that helped makeAn Inconvenient Truth a worldwidehit. And it reaffirmed many of theskills and methods I’ve learnedthrough Toastmasters.

Now it’s up to me to continuesharing this information with audi-ences all across North America!

Past District 45 Governor CarlDuivenvoorden, DTM, lives inUpper Kingsclear, New Brunswick,Canada. Since April, he has pre-sented “An Inconvenient Truth” tomore than 60 public and schoolaudiences. To find out more, visitwww.changeyourcorner.com.

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L A U G H L I N E S

16 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Malcolm Kushner

for PowerPoint

Here’s how it works. Go tohttp://www.hetemeel.com/einsteinform.php and you’ll see aphoto of Albert Einstein writing on achalk board. The site lets you key inwhatever words you choose so itlooks like Albert Einstein wrotethem on the board. Then you candownload the image and use it in aPowerPoint presentation.This is a great tool for anyone

who has to present a formula; use itfor budgets, projects, training programs,anything! Just make an equationusing the first letters of the wordsyou want to emphasize. Then saythat it’s Einstein’s other formula.For example, say you’re present-

ing a budget to an audience whowill inevitably increase the amountof their demands. Start out with aPowerPoint of Einstein at the chalkboard writing the formula B=TSFYP.Then tell them, “Everyone knowsE=MC2. Most people don’t knowEinstein’s second most famous for-mula B=TSFYP. Budget = Too SmallFor Your Project.” That will defusethem in advance and pave the wayfor a much smoother discussion ofyour budget numbers.But here’s the main benefit:

Anyone can use this type of humorsuccessfully. You don’t have to beable to tell a joke. And your audi-ence will appreciate the “humorbreak” in your set of PowerPointslides. By the way, there are a lot ofother ways to use the image ofEinstein at the chalkboard. It’s onlylimited by your imagination.

More Humor GeneratorsAnother clever generator is theBumper Sticker Maker. This one has

You’re sitting in the audience ata meeting. The speaker getsup, turns on the LCD projector

and fires up the PowerPoint. About200 slides later, you wonder if you’vedied but didn’t go to heaven. This iscommonly known as “death byPowerPoint.” The speaker drones onand you’re almost literally bored todeath by an endless display of slides.But what if the slides were funny?

What if “death by PowerPoint” meantkilling an audience with laughter?That’s the goal I set when writingDon’t Worry, Be Funny: Web Sites ThatCan Automatically Generate Humor-ous Material For Your Next Presenta-tion And How To Use Them – Even IfYou Can’t Tell A Joke. Well, maybe thegoal isn’t really killing the audience,but making them chuckle a bit.As a humor consultant, the two

questions I’m asked most often are:(1) How can I use humor in a pre-sentation if I can’t tell a joke? and(2) How can I find material? Theanswer to both of these questions

can be found on the Web; specifi-cally with an online tool called agenerator.

Web GeneratorsWeb generators let you create, pro-duce or generate something –hence the name. For example, youcan visit a Web site that lets youupload a photograph and thenchange it into a pencil sketch.Another Web site lets you key inyour initials and then generates animage of how it would look carvedin cuneiform – the writing ofancient Babylonians. Another letsyou key in your name and puts iton the image of a chocolate bar.There are hundreds of these typesof sites on the Web.Unfortunately, most of them

don’t generate humorous material ofuse to presenters. But some of themdo. Those are the ones that I’vegathered in Don’t Worry, Be Funny.One of my favorites is the

Einstein Dynamic Photo Generator.

Don’t worry,be funny!

Generating Fun

Photo Credit: Image from www.hetemeel.com

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 17

a picture of a bumper sticker onthe rear of an automobile, and youcan write the sticker’s message. Infact, you get four choices. Thequick choices allow you to com-plete a bumper sticker message of“Honk If You Love…” or “I BrakeFor…” or “Happiness is…” Thefinal sticker is blank and you canmake it say whatever you desire.Once you complete one, you canthen download the image and useit in PowerPoint.

This is a great tool for pokingfun at colleagues or competitors oreven yourself.

For example, you can show aslide of a bumper sticker saying “IBrake For Children and Engineers”and claim that it’s on the back of amarketing manager’s car. Or ifyou’re in accounting and viewed asstodgy, you might put up a slidethat’s supposedly from your owncar: “Honk If You Love OptimizingROI.” Whether it’s political, poetic orpathetic, a funny bumper stickerprovides a simple way to attribute afunny message to someone else oryourself. You can find the BumperSticker Maker at http://www.redkid.net/generator/bumper/.

How about one more? TheWanted Poster Generator does justwhat its name suggests – it lets youupload a photo of a person andturn it into a wanted poster.

You can customize the person’s“crime,” an alias and a rewardamount. This is great for meetingswhere everyone knows each other,such as clubs, associations andwork groups. Just make a wantedposter for someone with a strongtrait that’s familiar to everyone. Forexample, someone could be wantedfor leaving big tips, adopting toomany pets or talking too long. Thistype of (inside) humor is alwayseffective. You don’t even have tosay anything. If you choose theright person and the right trait, youraudience will start laughing as soonas they see the slide.

Again, use your imagination.A wanted poster isn’t limited topeople. You can make a wantedposter for pets, products, ideas –anything! In a technology company,an engineer might show a wantedposter that offers a reward for acoherent marketing plan. You canalso get laughs by playing aroundwith the reward amount and “crime”

for which a person or object iswanted. You can find the WantedPoster Generator at http://www.glassgiant.com/wanted.

So What Are You Waiting For?An ancient Chinese philosopheronce said, “A journey of a thousandmiles begins with a single step.”Let’s change that slightly. My versionis, “A journey of a thousand smilesbegins with the first funny slide.”This is especially true if you view apresentation as a journey. And youshould. It has a beginning. It has anending. And when you’re present-ing, you’re the guide that takes theaudience between these two points.

The journey will be more fun foreveryone if you include a few stopsfor humor along the way. Just use afew humor generators. They canprovide an endless amount of mate-rial that’s easy to use and easy tocustomize. And that’s no joke.

Malcolm Kushner, is the authorof Public Speaking For Dummiesand Presentations For Dummies.His latest book, Don’t Worry,Be Funny, is available atwww.museumofhumor.com.

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18 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Cliff Suttle, ATMG/CL

YourSize Up

Audience

One of the most importantaspects of knowing youraudience is knowing the numberof people expected to attend.

A while ago, I was helping Joe with his

first International Contest speech.

During our coaching session, he

shared an observation that confused him.

It’s seems that last fall, he watched me com-

pete in the Humorous Speech Contest at my

advanced club. I lost that contest. However,

I eventually advanced through a different

club, and two rounds later at the division contest, Idefeated the exact same person with the exact samespeech. Joe wanted to know how that could happen.Was it due to a different set of judges? Was the otherspeaker just having an off day? Did I practice more? Did Imake a lot of speech changes? What changed? The differ-ence between the club contest and the division contestwasn’t the speeches, it was the size of the audience.

Creating your first speech toward the InternationalContest is unlike working on any other speech. For mostspeeches, you plan your speech for the audience to

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 19

Joe understood but wanted more details. “How doyou tailor your speech to each audience?” he asked. So,for Joe and everyone else, let’s look at each group anddiscuss the differences.

The Conversation:A small group of fewer than 10 people isn’t a speech atall. The best presentation for this size audience is moreof a conversation. Highly planned-out topics don’t workwell here. Loosely organized talks that allow the speakerto change direction quickly work best to keep up withchanges in the audience’s interests. In a professionalsetting, a question-and-answer session is sometimes thebest way to handle a small group. In a Toastmasterscontest, you probably will not encounter this sizeaudience except in the smallest of clubs.

The Speech:Once you have an audience of 20 or more, this is wheretrue, Toastmasters-style speeches begin. You can stillhave a conversational tone to your speech, but nowthere are too many people to have a conversation witheach person. Use large hand gestures. Moving aroundthe podium area to connect with different groups workswell too. Eye contact should be limited to no more than

which it will be delivered. Whether yourspeech is for a Toastmasters club, a board ofdirectors meeting or a chamber of commerce,you need to do your homework. You shouldresearch your audience and adapt yourspeech to be effective for that group. One ofthe most important aspects of knowing youraudience is to know the number of peopleexpected to attend. This is the key to answer-ing Joe’s question.

Different-sized audiences will respondbetter to different delivery styles. Here’s thebasic, breakdown:

� Talking to 10 people or fewer is a conversation.� Getting up in front of 20 people is a speech.� If there are 40 people in the audience, it’s is a

performance.� 100 people or more is a show.

Size does matter. In the humorous speech contestJoe referred to, I designed my speech to win the districtcontest – not to win the club. My competitor, on theother hand, had created a speech to win the club.Whereas the opponent’s speech did win the club, it didnot translate well to the division stage, where the audi-ence size had grown considerably. Therefore, with eachlevel that the two of us advanced, my speech grewstronger while my opponent’s speech declined in audi-ence response. By the time we reached division leveland competed in front of 60 to 70 people, my speechwas nearing its peak. The crowd responded better, Iearned bigger laughs, my big hand gestures and exag-gerated facial expressions could be seen all the way atthe back of the room. My competitor’s speech lookedflat and lifeless, especially to the people seated in theback. Hint: some judges do sit in the back.

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20 TOASTMASTER December 2007

This also applies to your vocal expression. More varia-tions in volume and pitch are necessary to get your pointacross. Forget one-on-one eye contact. It is now aboutrelating to the group. Because of the decreased angle

from your eyes to theirs createdby the greater distance, every-one in a section of the audiencewill feel like you’ve made eyecontact. Be well rehearsed, buttry to make it look as if you just

thought it up on the fly. This is a tricky thing to accom-plish; it takes a lot of practice.The big question is, how do you design a speech that

will knock them dead at the district level in front of 250people, but still play well at the club level for as few as15? This is the trick.Here are a couple of ideas I’ve uncovered over the years:

� First, plan for the big stage. Go for the gold, play towin, reach for the brass ring, etc. It’s much easier totone down a big speech than ramp up a small one.Work on your speech from day one as if you havealready made it to the district finals.

� Now, go back through the speech and tone it downfor your club and area contests. Make movementssmaller, the inflection narrower and stage movementless dramatic.

� Next, look for opportunities to work in one-on-onecrowd interactions at the club level. This will helpto take it from a big-audience speech to more ofa club-level speech. Be willing to ad-lib a bit, tocoincide with the audience’s reaction. To do this,you will have to make sure the speech is well underthe seven-minute and 30-second limit, so you’ll haveplenty of time.

Some clubs and club contest judges already under-stand that they are looking to advance someone to thenext level who can win at the next level. These clubsand judges may be looking for the big speech asapposed to the smaller, flatter speeches. This is a situa-tion you will have to determine by knowing your cluband anticipating the tastes of the people who may beselected to judge. It’s always a delicate balancing act.But for the most part, you’ll want to remember thatpeople who play big, win big.

Cliff Suttle, ATM-G/CL, is a District 28 Humorous, Inter-national Speech and Table Topics speech contestchampion, and a professional public speaker andspeaking coach. Reach him at www.CliffSuttle.com.

five-to-eight seconds on any given person. Eye contactlonger than that will cause an audience member to feelsingled out. This speech needs to be planned. The audi-ence will no longer be interested in a conversation but

will want you to lead them down the path to your message.Groups of 20 to 30 people are common at club and smallarea contests.

The Performance:When the audience exceeds 40, you need to memorizeyour speech. Planned speeches can look very inauthenticto smaller groups, but at this point, you’re on stage.Your speech is now a performance. Slight hitches in yourperformance will be noticeable, especially in a contestspeech. Pausing for more than four seconds, looking atthe floor while you remember your next line, or using anodd hand gesture will be instantly noticed. Your gesturesand facial expressions need to be seen by everyone, sothey need to be bigger.Eye contact on any one person is now limited to three

or four seconds. Laughter is contagious; the more peopleyou have, the bigger the laugh. Take time for theselaughs to reach their natural conclusion. Pauses up to 10seconds long can be expected to allow audience mem-bers to get their giggles out of their systems. You needto practice facial expressions to use during these longpauses to let the audience know you are still connectedwith them. Posture becomes more important. You needto appear completely confident.

The Show:When your audience grows to more than 100, it’s time toraise the curtain and put on a show. Take the stage likeyou own it! Confidence is the number one effective skillon the platform. Minor glitches in your confidence willbe seen from a mile away. A big audience can be like abig dog; they can smell your fear. Your gestures andfacial expressions need to be huge. Have you ever seenstage makeup on an actor in a play? During the play theylook great, but if you visit back stage after the show, theactors look like clowns. Giant red spots on their cheeks,crow’s feet that go half way across the sides of theirheads. Stage makeup needs to be seen all the way in theback row, so the makeup has to be exaggerated. So ifyou want to be seen in the back row, your gestures andfacial expressions have to stand out too.

“It’s much easier to tone down a big

speech than ramp up a small one.”

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F O R T H E N O V I C E

22 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By George Torok

do – is the power that comes fromwithin you. That is real and recog-nizable power.

This is real power because noone can take it away from you.They can admire it and covet it butthey cannot take it away from you.That is what makes you powerful.

How Do You ConveyPower to Your Audience?The first way you convey power isin the confidence you project. Standand look good – even if you don’tfeel good. Projecting power is basedmore on how you look and soundthan how you feel. Most peoplelook more confident than they feel.This is surprising to most presenters– and it is a welcome relief. No oneelse knows; only you can hear yourinner voice berating you.

So even when you don’t feel sogood, always try to look good. Itworks in your favor.

Appear PowerfulYour physical appearance is thefirst and strongest way to projectpower. Smile. By smiling, you seemrelaxed and competent. Nothingconveys trust and confidence morethan a smile.

Another physical projection ofpower is the way you stand. Standaway from the lectern so the audi-ence can see you. When youappear more open, you appearmore believable.

Also, be sure to stand tall andstrong. Shoulders back and chest

You speak before a group. Youpresent your message. Youmight be selling your product

or service. How do you presentyourself with power?

Avoid the TemptationsDon’t be fooled by the name –there is no implied power inPowerPoint. Have you noticedhow many use PowerPoint whodo not have power? That shouldbe your first clue. If everyone isdoing something, it is too commonto be powerful.

PowerPoint is easy-to-use soft-ware. It seduces you into believing

that your presentation is all aboutnice graphics. That’s your secondmistake. If it focuses on ease of use,it’s not targeting what the presenta-tion needs to be powerful.

The third deception is that badpresenters can hide behind theirflashy PowerPoint presentations. Abad golfer doesn’t get better by usingexpensive clubs or wearing a Nikecap. Hone the fundamental skills.Relying on colorful slides will notmake your presentation powerful.

Power Comes From Within YouThe only power that counts in yourpresentation – and everything you

Stand and look good –even if you don’t feel good.

Projecting Power OnThe Podium

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 23

out, looking as tall and big asyou can. We put more faith insomeone who appears to be big:bigger and stronger seems moreconfident.

Stand with your hands and armsopen most of the time. Crossedarms appear guarded, as if you arehiding something. Keep your handsout of your pockets.

Sound PowerfulYour voice is the next component topower and credibility. Power comesfrom the appearance of confidence.You sound more powerful whenyou sound more confident. Yousound more confident when youspeak slower and deeper – and sayless. Speaking slower shows thatyou are willing to let listeners digestwhat you say, that you are notafraid of interruptions. Speakingslower also lowers the tone of yourvoice – which makes you soundmore believable. Who sounds morepowerful – the slow poundingmarch of the elephant or the skitter-ing of the mouse?

Pause more. That displays confi-dence and allows your listeners tothink about what you say. It is neverabout what you tell them. It is aboutwhat they convince themselves. Andthey convince themselves while youare not talking. You do not con-vince with your words. They needthe silences to think.

Hum the first four notes toBeethoven’s Fifth symphony. Feelthe power in those simple, clearfour notes. Compare that to theplodding monotone of rap music.Have you noticed that the onlypower in most popular music isfrom the slow deep thud of thebase? In speaking you can harnessthe full power of musicality to suityour needs. Use your voice to buildcommanding highs and lows thatwill emphasize your points anddramatize your emotions for heaudience’s ear.

Use Words of PowerPick words that convey power.Short, simple, clear words displaymore power than longer words.Love, hate, grow, kill, stop, go, aremore powerful than infatuation, illfeelings, cultivation, exterminate,discontinue, departure.

Simple phrases and short sen-tences have more power than long,vague convoluted meanderings.What’s more powerful, “Our missionis to be the supplier of choice toour customers, show respect for ouremployees, work fairly with oursuppliers, be recognized as a leaderin the marketplace and generate aconsistently above average returnon investment to our shareholders.”Or, “We’re here to win.”

Verbs are more powerful thannouns, adjectives and adverbs.Action is power. Use talk instead ofcommunication. Use say instead ofverbalization. Use sell instead ofsolicitation. Those words ending in“–tion” are poison. They melt awaythe power from your message.

You Are the PowerYou can be more powerful whenyou speak – if you focus on whatyou say and how you look andsound. Power is a feeling. If youraudience believes you to be power-ful by how you make them feel,you will be powerful.

I am not suggesting that youintimidate. The power of fear isnot the way to inspire teams –unless you want to inspire themto destroy you.

Don’t hide behind PowerPointslides hoping they will grant youpower. Only your personal powerwill move your audience to buy

into your message. Tap into thatpersonal power to make youbelievable and compelling.

George Torok, CTM, delivers power-ful presentations, with and withoutPowerPoint. He is a member ofSkyway Toastmasters in Burlington,Ontario Canada.

2007 Mailing Statement

“You sound more confident when you

speak slower and deeper – and say less.”

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24 TOASTMASTER December 2007

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ReframingThree Major FearsAbout Public Speaking

December 2007 TOASTMASTER 25

he fear of public speaking is irrational, because public speaking

does not threaten life and limb. Yet many people are terrified of

speaking in front of a group and will do almost anything to avoid it.

My first task as a therapist is to help change myclients’ thinking: a process called reframing (or “cogni-tive restructuring”). When I can help someone to thinkdifferently, it’s easy to change their behavior andemotions. Once my clients begin to think differentlyabout public speaking, then I can use relaxation train-ing, guided visualization, behavioral conditioning, andhypnotic suggestions to help them access feelings ofconfidence in their abilities and optimism about theexcitement and fun of speaking to groups.

For the remainder of this article, I’d like to elaborateon each of the irrational thoughts above, tell you howpeople express those thoughts, and what I say to themto steer their thinking in another direction. I hope thisinformation will help new Toastmasters and prospectiveToastmasters to think about public speaking in a newand positive way. Here’s a glimpse of what goes on inmy office when people tell me they are terrified ofpublic speaking:

“It’s All About Me”Many people tell me they shun the spotlight and avoidpublic speaking because they feel self-conscious. Theyassume that when all eyes are upon them, they are beingjudged and made subject to disapproval. My clientsusually tell me something like, “I get so nervous that Ican’t stop thinking about how nervous I feel and howeveryone is staring at me, and how foolish I must look.”

By Judith E. Pearson, Ph.D., DTM

A therapist tells all . . .

An irrational fear is generally known as a phobia. Inmy practice, as a counselor and life coach specializingin Neuro-Linguistic Programming and hypnotherapy, Ireceive plenty of requests to work with phobias, fearsand anxiety. One of the most common sources of phobiasand fears I work with is that of public speaking.

My office is in a suburb just outside of Washington,D.C., less than 30 minutes from the United States Capitolbuilding and the White House. My clientele often con-sists of government, military and federal contractor folkslooking for upward mobility – public speaking is anecessary skill for their advancement. They come fromhigh-pressure work environments.

When I work with phobias and fears around publicspeaking, I encourage my clients to join a Toastmastersclub. I see each client for about five one-hour individualsessions, to help him or her become more confident infront of an audience. During the initial interview witheach client, I listen for the irrational thinking that goesalong with the fear.

In the 20 years I have worked with clients battlingtheir fear of public speaking, I have narrowed theirrational thinking into three main categories:

� It’s all about me.� My speaking abilities are ruined by a past disaster.� I can’t stand the thought of making a mistake in front

of others.

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26 TOASTMASTER December 2007

One client who told me these things did so whilecurled up on the couch, in a fetal position, crying thathe couldn’t stand the thought of “people doing thosethings to me.” I always acknowledge such fears. Then,here’s what I say:If you think it’s all about you, then you are approach-

ing public speaking from the wrong end of things. It isn’tall about you. It’s all about your audience and the mes-sage you give them. They aren’t there to judge you. Theyare there to get the message, and they really don’t carewho delivers it. They are there because they want to beinformed, taught, inspired or entertained. Stop thinkingabout yourself and start thinking about them. Stop think-ing like a victim in front of a firing squad and startthinking like someone who has something worthwhile to

say to people who want to hear it. When you start focus-ing on the needs of the audience, and get your mind offyourself, your nervousness will go way down.

“My Speaking Abilities are Ruined by a Past Disaster”Many of my clients believe they’re emotionally scarredby some past humiliation or embarrassment – somethingthat occurred in front of others – often in childhood, butsometimes even in adulthood. And that event, for them,created a phobic response to the thought of being thecenter of attention. In fact, phobias are usually formedby a single rather traumatic event accompanied by ahighly-charged, negative emotion.One client of mine, for example, was a highly sought-

after speaker in the government, giving briefings to the

Strategies for Overcoming Fear of Public SpeakingBy Carl Duivenvoorden, DTM

Do butterflies attack your stomach whenever you even think about having to address a group? If so, here area few strategies to help you make them fly in formation:

� Be thoroughly prepared. The more ready you feel, the more confident you will feel.� Know your subject and material. Be familiar with the technical content of your presentation. Know

more than you will be presenting.� Know your audience. Who are they?Why are they there?Why have you been chosen to speak to

them?What do they know?What is their attitude about your subject?� Know the room. If possible, check it out in advance. Get behind the lectern, check the microphone

and visualize your audience.� Be organized; focus on the task.� Practice, practice, practice until you feel comfortable that you know your presentation. Speak in front

of a mirror, record or videotape yourself and use the results to improve your delivery.

� Visualize the outcome you want. Believe in yourself. Envision yourself succeeding, and you’ll increase thelikelihood that you will!

� Focus on the message, not on yourself. Show your audience that your message is important by gettingexcited about it and putting your energy into it.

� Connect with your audience. Remember that audiences almost always want a speaker to succeed, and theywant to hear the speaker’s message. Find a few friendly faces in the audience and focus on them during yourpresentation.

� Put the past behind you. Ignore past bad experiences. Even professional speakers started out as nervousbeginners.

� Look your best. Dress appropriately for the occasion. If you look good, you will feel good – and it will show!

� Breathe deeply.Take a few deep breaths just before you step up to the lectern, to help you start with astrong, clear voice.

� Give up the belief that you have to be perfect. Even professional speakers run into glitches and problemsfrom time to time. Keep small setbacks in perspective.

Carl Duivenvoorden, DTM, is a member of the Fredericton Club in New Brunswick, Canada.

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 27

“Stop thinking like a victim in front of

a firing squad and start thinking like

someone who has something worthwhile

to say to people who want to hear it.”

United States Congress, the press and White Housestaffers. One day, when she was briefing an audienceof VIPs, things went terribly wrong. Her briefing wasdelayed, the equipment didn’t work properly, she hadn’teaten lunch, the room was hot and poorly ventilated,and she became dizzy and disoriented during herspeech and had to be helped off the stage. From thatday on, she believed she was unfit to speak in public.Her only thought was that, if she ever spoke again toan audience, it would simply be a repeat of that horribleday. Her career had come to a standstill.

I always agree with my clients that any humiliationor embarrassment is a terrible ordeal. Then I remindthem of a few things they haven’t realized, and hereis what I say:

First, no one plans to fail and you cannot alwayscontrol circumstances. Second, you survived andtherefore you have another opportunity to meet thechallenge. Third, that event is over and in the past.It has already happenedand therefore, that sameexact event can neverhappen again. So whereyou go from here is upto you.

If you focus on whatyou did or what happenedto you that was horrible, itwill make you lose sight ofall the times when you have excelled at something.Give yourself credit for having learned something fromexperience, good and bad, and for the ability to use thatinformation to do better next time. Failure is no reasonto quit. Every failure we encounter gives us valuableinformation for future improvement. It is only whenyou focus on your strengths and your achievementsthat you will have the courage to face the challenge.

“I Can’t Stand the Thought ofMaking a Mistake in Front of Others”I always tell my clients that their fear of making mistakesis one side of a two-sided coin. The other side of thatcoin is a strong desire to excel and make a good impres-sion. Then I add that nervousness and fear do not makea good impression. Here’s what I say next:

One key to a polished presentation is to practice.Practice reduces mistakes. Another key is to get feedbackfrom others. Toastmasters meetings are great venues topractice speeches that you plan to give to other groups,because your evaluator can point out where you canimprove.

To reconcile with the fear of making mistakes, it’s bestto accept the fact that mistakes happen, even to the most

skilled speakers. It’s what you do with mistakes thatmatters to others, not whether you make them. The moreyou cringe and fidget over a mistake, the more youraudience becomes aware of your discomfort.

The way to recover from a mistake is to observe yourmistake dispassionately, take whatever corrective actionis necessary, regain your composure, focus on what tosay next and go on. Leave the mistake behind andmove forward through your material. Audiences canbe forgiving. Many listeners will admire the way youcontinue on so easily, or may even be relieved to knowyou are human. The secret to superb speaking is to giveyourself permission to make mistakes and learn torecover from them quickly.

You Can Reframe, Rehearse and…Regain Your Voice!Now to many seasoned Toastmasters, such fears mayseem quite foolish, but for the person who is trulyafraid of public speaking, these fears are often over-

whelming. What always surprises me, however, is thatwhen I reframe these fears, every client looks at mein amazement and says “Gee, I never thought about itlike that!” When I hear that, I know I’ve done a goodjob. And it’s a thrill to watch them break free fromtheir fears.

I’ve been successful in helping my clients overcomefears of public speaking. The client who curled up onthe couch spoke at his industry conference a few weekslater and proudly showed me the certificate that provedhis participation. He hung it on the wall of his office, toprove that he really could speak to groups. The secondclient, with embarrassing experience, gradually got backinto giving briefings. She asked her supervisor to allowher to return to her previous responsibilities. She startedout giving brief presentations to small groups and grad-ually worked her way up to much more challengingassignments, testing the waters as she went along. Hercareer is back on track.

Judith E, Pearson, Ph.D., DTM, is a member of GallopingGovernors Toastmasters Club. She has a privatecounseling practice in Springfield, Virginia. Reach her [email protected].

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S Changing your fearfrom fiend to friend.

BeastBeauty

andthe

28 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Judi Bailey

The whole process took less than 30 seconds.Isn’t this the same thing we do on the eve of, or day

before, the Big Speech? We project disaster. We expectthe roof to fall in. We anticipate some kind of rare butfatal rejection. Usually these pre-game jitters loom largerthan the talk itself.

For neophytes, the apprehension can be stifling;seasoned speakers frequently experience the jitters aseagerness. Most of us realize a little of both.

Beauty:Exhilaration. Thrill. Excitement. Inspiration. Stimulation.Kick. Adventure. Apprehension is not only a negativereaction to a perceived disaster, it can be positive as well.

“On the night before a new class,” says SamaraBennette, speaker and educator, “I make myself look atmy presentation in a positive manner by telling myself‘Oh cool. Tomorrow’s the first day of this class.’

“If I go to bed with that atti-tude,” Bennette says, “I wake upwith the energy I need to performthe task. I don’t have to work topump myself up because theexcitement about the positiveaspects carries over to the dayof the talk.”

Having the jitters tells you thatyour energy is eager to be let loose. This added drivehas many benefits. Anticipation can be …

� A source of motivation that leads to action.� The force that leads you to apply yourself in

a focused manner.� An antidote to indifference.� A message that you care about the quality of

your speech.� An indication that you will put a good amount

of energy into your endeavor.

For example, the former lead singer of FleetwoodMac, Stevie Nicks, believed that the anxiety sheexperienced prior to appearing on stage helped herperform better. If she didn’t experience this excite-ment and nervousness, she worried about the successof the concert.

peaker Bobby Earl talks about how he, early in his

career, used to awaken to find his “mind” sitting on

the bedpost above him. “I’ve been waiting for you,”

it announced daily, then went on to project an escalation of

problems: You don’t feel like getting out of bed; maybe you are

sick. You probably have some rare and incurable disease that

will cost you your income. Then you will have to foreclose on the

house, file for bankruptcy and likely end up living on the street.

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 29

The Beast:Dread. Anxiety. Nervousness. Fear. Apprehension.Tension. The jitters. But “the beast,” by any name, feelsmiserable.

“It’s all about the ‘what ifs,’” says Maggie Dennison,a marketing consultant and writer who’s working on herlast assignment for the Distinguished Toastmaster award.She’s a member of the Unity Speakeasy Toastmastersclub in Santa Barbara, California.

“I used to have a lot of fear and anxiety aboutspeaking,” she says, “because I wasn’t living in thepresent. I was either obsessing about the past orworrying about the future.”

When it came to speaking assignments, the “what ifs”would hit Dennison hard. She’d have thoughts like:

� What if they think I’m stupid?� What if I blank out?� What if they don’t like how I dress?� What if I trip while walking across the stage?� What if they think I’m boring?� What if I forget to say something?

Dennison calls it “catastrophizing:” projecting whatmishap might occur in the future. “But now I attemptto concentrate on the task at hand,” she says.

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“Most people won’t even notice your jitters;

anxiety often comes off as enthusiasm and

the excitement to express your message.”

30 TOASTMASTER December 2007

A sense offoreboding canfreeze us in ourshoes. And itfreezes someof the mostexperiencedperformers, aswell. Actress KimBasinger plannedto say a fewpre-rehearsedremarks whenshe received her

time with fear-oriented people can exacerbate yourown anxieties.

� Escalation. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Eachfear-filled presentation reinforces the jitters, making itmore and more difficult to give any kind of talk. In1967, Barbra Streisand forgot lyrics while performingand for 27 years, she was so afraid of repeating theembarrassment that she refused to sing in public.Her fear snowballed.

Psychologists talk about “trait” and “state” apprehen-sion. Trait anxiety refers to an anxiety that lies withinthe individual that typically makes speaking with nearlyanyone nerve-wracking. This is a type of social anxiety.

Oscar, but she wasso anxious shecouldn’t rememberwhat she wantedto say.

The lateJohnny Carson,famous American

television host of theTonight Show, suffered

anxiety prior to each ofhis performances on his

program. Sir Lawrence Olivier, Joan Rivers, Helen Hayes,Sidney Poitier and quite a few other actors sufferedapprehension prior to their performances.

The Jitters in GeneralAnxiety is a normal reaction to any new situation or to anevent that triggers some previous trauma. You’re likely tobe unaware of the underlying roots of your anxiety. Whatyou’re more likely to experience is the feeling of panic.

Communication experts report that severe fright priorto a particular talk can be traced to one of three causes.

� A past intense and unresolved trauma. During atrauma our nervous system learns to sidestep poten-tially painful events in the future. Simply consideringgiving a talk triggers the past sensations of theoriginal trauma, making the thought of performingterribly frightening.

� Association with fear-driven people. Fear andnervousness are extremely contagious. Spending

State anxiety relates to the specific context, or state,of the anticipation. This includes the type and size ofthe audience plus the particular setting. For instance,you might be comfortable speaking to a large, anony-mous group but not to an intimate round-table gathering.Or you may feel anxious giving a talk in front of yourcolleagues but not to a group of lay people.

The good news is that the jitters are a learnedbehavior. And anything learned can be unlearned.

Junking the JittersYou know you’ve got ‘em. And now you can betterunderstand them. You know the rich and famous havethem, too. Now what should you do about them?

Sometimes we get stuck in “that’s just the way I am”thinking. But you were not born with a bent againstpublic speaking or destined to worry yourself to death!

Change is more than possible – it’s probable. Self-transformation is hard work but it works, and it’s worth it.

Of course one of the best ways to knock out thenervousness is to practice your material. In a recentarticle in Prevention magazine, Dr. Peter Desberg,professor at Cal State University at Dominguez Hills,California, said “Repetition is the mother of retention.”He claimed that knowing your talk well “beats backthe jitters.”

Here are some additional points to consider:

Relaxation� On the evening (or day) before your engagement,

engross yourself in an activity that puts you at ease,such as reading a good book, taking a nature hike,

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 31

daydreaming (but not about fearful fantasies) orparticipating in a sport.

� Study and use some of the more popular practices ofunwinding such as yoga, progressive relaxation anddeep breathing.

� Meditate. There are as many ways to meditate asthere are people who indulge in the practice:

� Watch the sunset.� Ponder a positive idea such as love or friendship.� Allow your mind to go blank.� Count backward from 100.

Suspension of Doubt� “Right your brain,” says Bennette, the educator. Don’t

wait for an hour before your talk – start the day before.Start setting yourself up to succeed as soon as youagree to make the speech. Remember that the workyou do on this carries over to the day of your talk.

� Normalize your emotions by reminding yourself thatmost speakers experience nervousness to some degree.

� Don’t use up your energy worrying that yournervousness will make you look like a fool. Mostpeople won’t even notice your jitters; anxiety oftencomes off as enthusiasm and the excitement toexpress your message.

� Run continuous positive affirmations and self-talkthrough your mind. Say things to yourself like “I’mdoing okay” or “I always do better than I think I do.”

Visualization� Experts say that our brains can’t tell the difference

between what we tell ourselves happens and whatactually happens. So if you picture yourself giving

your speech full of energy and competence, yourbrain will accept that as a real experience even if it’snever occurred before. (Plus, when you give thespeech it’ll seem like you’ve done it before.)

� Picture feeling confident as you walk to the stage,walking tall and holding your chin up as the crowdeagerly awaits your presentation. Expect to succeed.

� Envision being totally involved in giving help or pro-viding joy to the audience rather than getting praise.

� Those who study the workings of the mind say thatfor a more vivid visualization, use as many details inwhat you imagine as possible:

� Your appearance, stance and posture� A soft cloud of calming aromas surrounding you� The sound of the applause of the audience� The audience members nodding in agreement

and smiling warmly� The contentment you feel inside� Your solid, clear and strong voice

Dennison readily admits to practicing the techniqueof visualization, which has improved her concentrationand allows her to live more easily in the moment. Shesays the mind can only hold one thought at a time.Now, rather than anticipating disaster, Dennison switchesher attention. “I concentrate on what I am doing now,then when finished, what I need to do next.”

Her advice to speakers old and new: “Picture givinga rockin’ speech to an audience that really enjoys it.”

Judi Bailey is a writer in Lakewood, Ohio, and afrequent contributor to this magazine. Reach her [email protected]

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32 TOASTMASTER December 2007

By Jean G. Hogle, DTM

frankly, I never thought about howlistening is an important skill for aTable Topics speaker.

Since starting to use the manualas intended, I have foundthat not only am I doing abetter job in each role, myspeeches are better! Notonly have I learned how toperform a role in the clubmore efficiently and effec-tively, I have now learnedwhat others are looking forin a speech. My speecheshave improved as well asmy other skills in thevarious meeting roles.

What is in theCompetent Leadership manual foryou? Better listening skills, betterevaluating skills, better motivatingskills, better time management skills,better planning, organizing and del-egating skills. And better speakingskills. I believe each new memberwill progress faster as a Toastmasterby using the Competent Leadershipmanual. For veteran Toastmasters,this manual will reinforce what wealready know about meeting roles,make us better speakers and bettermentors of newer members.

If you are coming to Toastmastersto improve yourself and your speak-ing skills, use the new CompetentLeadership manual. After all, one ofthe reasons for being a Toastmasteris our continuing education. Andstudying and working the CompetentLeadership manual will do just that.

Jean Hogle, DTM, is a member ofGE Salem Club 2675 in Salem,Virginia. Contact her [email protected].

� Why is the Competent Leadershipmanual important? Why should weuse it?

In January 2006, a new memberjoined my club. Of course, thismeant he received two manuals:Competent Communication andCompetent Leadership. The newmember came to me, the president,and asked how to use the Com-petent Leadership manual. As theadvanced, experienced ToastmasterI am, I gave him the highly articu-late answer of “Huh? Duh, ah, well,gee, I don’t know. But I hear it’sonly 10 projects.”

Wanting to be a good leader, Iimmediately ordered the manual andstudied the projects. When I saw thateach project consists of doing multi-ple roles, I panicked. How is anyonesupposed to complete this? However,I began bringing the manual to eachmeeting and asking for an evaluatorto fill in my required assignments. Itwas a slow process, but the rolesstarted to gather checkmarks.

One day I read the entireCompetent Leadership manual! Myfirst reaction was “Boy, Sam needsto read this! I wish Mary wouldlearn that! I caught myself thinking,“Wow, I didn’t know you should dothat role that way! I’ll start payingmore attention to how I performmeeting roles.” Yes, this experiencedToastmaster, already a CompetentLeader (old style), learned a wholelot of new information. I’ve per-formed club meeting roles for years,but I learned many things and manynew ways of looking at each role.

As I read the manual, I discoveredthat it’s not just about leadership.It’s also about how to be a good

Toastmaster – a competent memberof Toastmasters International.There are a couple of places whereyou have to specifically lead aproject, but most of the manual isabout how to per-form the standardmeeting roles.

Most roles in aToastmasters meet-ing are listed in atleast one project.Most are listed inmultiple projects.You may look ateach project as awhole and studyhow the topicapplies to the roles listed in theevaluation section. For example,Topic One is “Listening and Leader-ship.” Study the information in thechapter, and then see how the skillsapply to the four roles listed bylooking at the questions asked inthe evaluations. The roles arespeech evaluator, grammarian, Ah-Counter and Table Topics speaker.

Another way to use the manual isto pick a role, (evaluator,) and studyeach chapter/project with that rolein mind. The evaluator role appliesto Chapter One – “Listening andLeadership,” Chapter Two – “CriticalThinking,” Chapter Three – “GivingFeedback” and Chapter Eight –“Motivating People.” There are a fewother roles outside of a meeting thatmay be performed to complete themanual, but the majority of the pro-jects are performed within the meet-ing itself. These are roles we will allperform at one time or another dur-ing our meetings, so why not learnall we can about the roles? Quite

“Since starting to use the manual as intended,I have found that not only am I doing a betterjob in each role, my speeches are better.”

Experiencing theCompetent Leadership Manual

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5760

6630, 6632, 6634

Items are notshown to scale.

7046A-E

6633

6631

6627

Visit TI’s online store at www.members.toastmasters.orgfor last-minute gift ideas. Here are some:

Sculpted Frame and Clock (Item 6627). This curved brushed silver alu-minum frame with analog clock would make an excellent gift! It comes inan attractive blue gift box and includes one AA battery. To make it extraspecial, try including a meaningful photo in the frame. $8.00.

Wheeled Backpack (Item 6631). This durable navy blue and gray backpackhas sturdy Inline skate wheels. Perfect for hiking, biking or just on the go.At $35.00, you can’t go wrong with this gift. For an added “wow factor,”present with a Toastmasters Gift Certificate in one of the pockets.

Mini Umbrella (Item 6633). This compact 8” black umbrella has“Toastmasters” imprinted in white on one panel. $12.00.

Travel Mug (Item 6717). This 15 oz. travel mug is ideal for any hot or coldbeverage. Stainless steel exterior and black plastic interior make it light-weight. For $6.00, you can afford to add a hot or cold beverage mix.

4-in-1 Laser Pen (Item 6629). This convenient 4-in-1 silver laser pen isdisplayed in a sturdy plastic case. It features a light, laser pointer, black-inkball pen and a stylus “pen” for your PDA. $8.00.

Declaration Ring Necklace (Item 5760). This nickel/silver ring features anylon string with plastic clasp. The words “Talk Talk Talk” are on one sideand “Toastmasters” on the other $3.00.

Ladies V-Neck (Items 7046A-E). This red v-neck T-shirt features a slightlytapered waist, cap sleeves, “Toastmasters” embroidered in red for a tone-on-tone look and a price of $12.00. Also available in black. (Items 7047A-E).

Men’s Peruvian Cotton Polo (Items 7044B-E). 100% Peruvian combed cottongives a soft feel to this striking red polo. Features include navy trim onthe collar, cuffs and placket, as well as three Dura-pearl buttons and“Toastmasters” embroidered in navy. Also available in navy w/white trim(Items 7045B-E). $40.00.

Men’s Sava Silk Shirt (Items 7043B-E). This 100% sava silk ivory shirt combinesthe luxurious feel of silk with the rich texture of a dobby weave, providing acasual, elegant look. “Toastmasters” embroidered in ivory over left pocket. $40.00.

Gift Certificates (Items 6630, 6632, and 6634). Gift certificates are perfect forthose “hard-to-buy for” Toastmasters. Available in $5, $10, and $25 denominations.

**Note: As part of TI’s inventory process, which is required by law, we will be unable to process purchases startingDecember 19th, 2007 through January 4, 2008. Orders requiring engraving must be received by Friday, December 14, 2007.

7043B-E

7044B-E

6629

6717

Page 34: December 2007 Reframing

34 TOASTMASTER December 2007

H A L L O F F A M E

James Mayhan 5772-43, Little Rock, ArkansasCharilaos N. Aneziris 4539-46, Setauket, New YorkSherman E. Bethel 1095-47, Nassau, BahamasCharles Saunders 1600-47, Nassau, New Providence,Bahamas

Joanne D. Ranney 1667-47, Tampa, FloridaAnthony Maxemchuk 3518-47, Boca Raton, FloridaIvan C. Thompson 7178-47, Nassau, Bahamas, BahamasWayne I. Nakamoto 4907-49, Honolulu, HawaiiLynn Lawrance 2899-50, Dallas, TexasBob Lewis 4182-50, Rockwall, TexasDon W. Deadman 4182-50, Rockwall, TexasLeslie M. Buie 4182-50, Rockwall, TexasRobert O. Dillender 4182-50, Rockwall, TexasOssie Mae Sims 4819-50, Shreveport, LouisianaAndrea E. Briden 7452-50, Dallas, TexasTerri L. Krue 7587-50, Plano, TexasChristine Lee Wilson 8983-50, Plano, TexasSusan Gayle Davis 9872-50, Addison, TexasAnnie Ho Gan Cheng 1304-51, Kota Kinabalu,SAB, Malaysia

Ewe Tong Lee 2196-51, Johor Bahru, JOH, MalaysiaGanasalingam Sivalingam 5912-51, Petaling Jaya,SEL, Malaysia

Wai Kheong Phang 6033-51, Lumut, PER, MalaysiaRebecca Heng 6622-51, Kuching, SAR, MalaysiaK. Narayana Devan 695603-51, Petaling Jaya, SEL,Malaysia

Joan C. Morris 8-52, Glendale, CaliforniaMichael Finizio 1320-52, Burbank, CaliforniaScott Larson 1320-52, Burbank, CaliforniaDave Wheeler 599-53, Danbury, ConnecticutRaul Rodriguez 3350-53, Hartford, ConnecticutLori L. Patton 3228-54, Bloomington, IllinoisMolly E. Wilder 7057-54, Bloomington, IllinoisJoseph Martinek 754322-54, Plainfield, IllinoisJason B. Meek 2207-55, San Antonio, TexasVondakaye Dashman 5741-55, Round Rock, TexasSteve Montgomery 9800-55, Pflugerville, TexasAmish B. Patel 3402-56, Houston, TexasMark F. Smith 670075-56, Houston, TexasEddie Merla 1001993-56, Missouri City, TexasKaren L. Leffler 4027-57, Walnut Creek, CaliforniaChristine A. Robinson 9338-57, Concord, CaliforniaElena Sollewijn Gelpke 962411-59, Brussels, BelgiumJosef D. Stetter 312-60, North York, ON, CanadaGary S. Jones 1908-60, Cambridge, ON, CanadaAlana E. Papeo 1963-60, Richmond Hill, ON, CanadaPhillip Thomas 3090-60, Scarborough, ON, CanadaMarie Madi 4260-60, Toronto, ON, CanadaRam Krishna 5456-60, Mississauga, ON, CanadaJayesh M. Lad 798895-60, Mississauga, ON, CanadaDoreen E. Sinclair 936088-60, Lindsay, ON, CanadaJo-Ann L. Harris 808-61, Ottawa, ON, CanadaLeona Hamel 808-61, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRichard Rancourt 1840-61, Rimouski, QC, CanadaHarold Mendes 8290-61, Kanata, ON, CanadaAllison B. Coffin 9560-61, Kingston, ON, CanadaDouglas C. Swisher 352-62, Grand Rapids, MichiganSerita Blankenbecler 9716-63, Kingsport, TennesseeMick Howland 2638-64, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaAndrew J. Stambrook 7223-64, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaTannis E. Gordon 9846-64, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaAshok Subramanian 2584-65, Endicott, New YorkGrayson M. Williams 3184-66, Hampton, VirginiaSally Wu 1890-67, Taipei, Taiwan, TaiwanGeorge Ashanti Witherspoon 2455-68, Baton Rouge,Louisiana

Dean Sprenkle 6342-68, Dequincy, LouisianaDiane M. King 6342-68, Dequincy, Louisiana

Robert J. Howe 720944-16, Tulsa, OklahomaWerner Bernhardt 965-21, Abbotsford, BC, CanadaLyn Coles 1201-21, Victoria, BC, CanadaJohn B. Sherber 1882-21, Victoria, BC, CanadaMaureen P. Foley 3435-21, New Westminster, BC, CanadaRachel M. Clark 3439-21, Langley, BC, CanadaNorman W. Schiman 4869-21, Vernon, BC, CanadaBetty L. Holman 5881-21, Delta, BC, CanadaDiana Cheng 813114-21, Burnaby, BC, CanadaDonald J. Keime 2948-23, El Paso, TexasBay Stevens 6881-23, Albuquerque, New MexicoEvelyn Labode 229-24, Omaha, NebraskaMaurice Eugene Taitt 1415-25, Irving, TexasRonald B. Clark 3055-25, Denton, TexasLouise Faircloth 4236-25, Southlake, TexasRandy Terrell 7694-25, Fort Worth, TexasVicki Linn Wilkins 798-26, Cheyenne, WyomingMarlies L. Nelson 1518-26, Cheyenne, WyomingFrances K. Scott 2626-26, Golden, ColoradoJoyce E. Feustel 3247-26, Lakewood, ColoradoWendy Milner 810454-26, Longmont, ColoradoKevin J. Gormley 571-27, Mclean, VirginiaHelen L. Burkett 1792-27, Springfield, VirginiaSylvia L. Marion 1795-27, Washington, District of ColumbiaAlvin David Matthews 2635-27, Quantico, VirginiaEric P. Roos 3336-27, Alexandria, VirginiaLynn Romano 5160-27, Reston, VirginiaJames Reed Honeywell 7670-27, Dulles, VirginiaHsu Terry Wang 8282-27, Burke, VirginiaShannon M. O’Hara 371-30, Chicago, IllinoisShar Ann Gildersleeve 983-30, Woodridge, IllinoisPaul P. Kronenberger 4501-30, Chicago, IllinoisBruce Burrow 6840-30, Lake In The Hills, IllinoisBil Lewis 7831-31, Cambridge, MassachusettsAl Moore 1675-33, Lancaster, CaliforniaGlenn W. Wright 2611-33, Las Vegas, NevadaAlan Morris Mann 3533-33, Simi Valley, CaliforniaDaris A. McLaughlin 498-35, Fond Du Lac, WisconsinLeo P. McLaughlin 498-35, Fond Du Lac, WisconsinJulie A. Dapp 4633-36, Washington, District of ColumbiaJohnny Felix Rodriguez 5377-36, Washington, Districtof Columbia

Bonnie L. Maidak 8897-36, Gaithersburg, MarylandMohamed A. Serageldin 2049-37, Research TrianglePark, North Carolina

Germon Earl Hill 2294-37, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaSharon Anita Hill 2294-37, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaWinston M. Sanford 2294-37, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaPaul Walmsley 5613-37, Thomasville, North CarolinaEdward J. Donohue 1100-38, Princeton, New JerseyMichael A. Dick 1189-38, Haddonfield, New JerseyJames R. Campbell 1723-38, Lancaster, PennsylvaniaLorna Lee Zink 4896-39, Elk Grove, CaliforniaSyndee Hendricks 9833-39, Sacramento, CaliforniaWayne Hart 727288-39, Rancho Cordova, CaliforniaSandra S. Keiderling 1028-40, Worthington, OhioCarol L. Kormelink 2289-40, Milford, OhioAmy Ann Wendling 5136-40, Celina, OhioKoti Sreekrishna 9056-40, Cincinnati, OhioLaura R. O’Connor 284-42, Edmonton, AB, CanadaSonia Bakalchuk 1319-42, Calgary, AB, CanadaDouglas J. Russell 2478-42, Edmonton, AB, CanadaKen Lievers 2799-42, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaBeverley Joyce Ward 2849-42, Regina, SK, CanadaJeff C. Scribner 3068-42, Grande Prairie, AB, CanadaGerda M. Timm 3950-42, Calgary, AB, CanadaDunstant B. F. Taylor 6823-42, Calgary, AB, CanadaHarvey Taphorn 6823-42, Calgary, AB, CanadaShelley P. Baur 1589-43, Memphis, TennesseeJeffrey M. Gossett 4496-43, Little Rock, Arkansas

DTM

The following listings are arranged in numer-ical order by district and club number.

� Congratulations to these Toastmasterswho have received the DistinguishedToastmaster award, ToastmastersInternational’s highest recognition.

Marsha L. DeGon 2565-F, Brea, CaliforniaMichael Alexander 3364-F, Rosemead, CaliforniaStuart A. Horn 3828-F, Cerritos, CaliforniaCarroll Schmidt 3882-U, Anchorage, AlaskaDuane J. Epton 4960-U, Anchorage, AlaskaLouis Stanley Zielinski 5263-U, Fairbanks, AlaskaW. D. McCoy 5942-1, Los Angeles, CaliforniaPaul S. Baeder 1994-2, Kent, WashingtonPaul K. Tanner 861232-2, Redmond, WashingtonLaurie J. Carr 104-3, Prescott, ArizonaKathi S. Ferreira 355-3, Tempe, ArizonaFadimatou Hattendorf 441-3, Phoenix, ArizonaJulie A. Schreul 7406-3, Phoenix, ArizonaKristin Lill 7744-3, Chandler, ArizonaMary Ann Bivans-Grimm 9007-3, Prescott Valley, ArizonaRichard Geno 6654-4, Los Gatos, CaliforniaMark S. Kramer 457-5, San Diego, CaliforniaJudy Toneck 623-5, San Diego, CaliforniaDan Urbanski 7129-5, Carlsbad, CaliforniaScott A. Kruse 490-6, Rochester, MinnesotaLyle L. Schlundt 2509-6, Minneapolis, MinnesotaLonnie Nichols 4216-6, Minneapolis, MinnesotaGeorgia Ann Thometz 6393-6, Minnetonka, MinnesotaKathy M. Neumiller 654731-6, Eagan, MinnesotaBrian J. Hinton 821458-6, Rochester, MinnesotaEmmor H. Nile 138-7, Salem, OregonJanet W. Liu 605-7, Lake Oswego, OregonCamilla D. Camburn 881-7, Hillsboro, OregonRuth A. Delker 2039-7, Beaverton, OregonJulie K. Redden 3548-7, Salem, OregonMegan M. Berg 4428-7, Tigard, OregonJoy D. Overstreet 802199-7, Vancouver, WashingtonHerman Koester 496-8, Belleville, IllinoisAngela R. Young 4345-8, St Louis, MissouriGerald E. Hoeflein 930005-8, Park Hills, MissouriBrenda M. Pangborn 7308-9, Richland, WashingtonSusan M. Davis 2803-10, Akron, OhioSharon L. Brustoski 3315-10, Akron, OhioJudith A. Edwards 8023-10, Akron, OhioMike D. La Bonne 3920-11, Indianapolis, IndianaLaura J. Martin 5680-11, Indianapolis, IndianaAnn Lehman 702375-11, Lagrange, IndianaPatrick J. Hennessey 1124-12, San Bernardino, CaliforniaCecil A. Karstensen 2593-12, San Bernardino, CaliforniaMonica E. Mendoza 4202-12, Highland, CaliforniaRuth Dearden 4209-12, Coachella, CaliforniaRob Olszewski 2255-13, Butler, PennsylvaniaElizabeth J. Bradley 1807-14, Augusta, GeorgiaCynthia C. Teddleton 2771-14, Decatur, GeorgiaCatherine Holliday 4465-14, Norcross, GeorgiaAdrienne M. Dunnock 8009-14, Atlanta, GeorgiaTonya Smith 8236-14, Alpharetta, GeorgiaEliza E. Detherage 6318-15, Salt Lake City, UtahMichael R. Rusnack 7948-15, Emmett, IdahoRichard E. Stucki 1025917-15, Midvale, UtahRoger Ollie Oxford 627-16, Oklahoma City, OklahomaMathew Daniel 3220-16, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Page 35: December 2007 Reframing

S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 7

AnniversariesA u g u s t 2 0 0 7

60 YearFerguson 525-08, Florissant, MissouriHigh Noon 505-56, Houston, Texas

55 YearLittle Rock 1140-43, Little Rock, ArkansasTwin City 1142-43, North Little Rock, ArkansasTallahassee 1135-47, Tallahassee, Florida

50 YearDowntown 2550-10, Cleveland, OhioWollongong 2456-70, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaOld Johannians 2475-74, Johannesburg, South AfricaDowntown 2552-77, Pensacola, Florida

45 YearJefferson 1998-68, Metairie, Louisiana

40 YearColumbus Uptown 2037-14, Columbus, GeorgiaOatley R S L 787-70, Sydney, NSW, Australia

35 YearFCC 3740-27, Washington, District of ColumbiaIsaac Davis 2193-31, Acton, MassachusettsFreeport Eagles 1425-47, Freeport, Grand Bahama, BahamasAlpha - Endeavour 1776-69, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaAdventurers 2572-69, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

30 YearPrince George 3081-21, Prince George, BC, CanadaToastmasters Unlimited 1379-22, Kansas City, MissouriI’ll Drink To That 3254-33, Las Vegas, NevadaKakwa 3068-42, Grande Prairie, AB, CanadaLAUSD 382-52, Los Angeles, California

25 YearAlyeska 4960-U, Anchorage, AlaskaArrow Lakes 4962-21, Nakusp, BC, CanadaColumbine Communicator 4950-26, Littleton, ColoradoPublic Utilities 4958-32, Tacoma, WashingtonSouthwest 4955-35, Franklin, WisconsinAimcrier 4966-42, St. Albert, AB, CanadaAim High 4952-55, Austin, TexasTalk Of The Town 4969-56, Houston, TexasNagoya 4957-76, Inuyama, Aichi, JapanMiss. Power Employees 4965-77, Gulfport, Mississippi

20 YearSingles by the Sea 743-01, Los Angeles, CaliforniaWestlake Word Warriors 3578-10, Westlake, OhioWayne-Westland Easytalkers 6694-28, Wayne, MichiganFederal TM of Boston 6696-31, Boston, MassachusettsMIM of Kuala Lumpur 6697-51, Kuala Lumpur FedTerritory, SEL, Malaysia

Deer Park 6701-56, Deer Park, TexasWerribee 6700-73, Hoppers Crossing, VIC, AustraliaDiamond 6698-75, Makati, MM, Philippines

60 YearAnthony Wayne 521-11, Fort Wayne, IndianaLancaster 526-40, Lancaster, Ohio

55 YearWestside 638-01, Santa Monica, California

Newberg 588-07, Newberg, OregonLake Oswego 605-07, Lake Oswego, OregonBarstow 1180-12, Barstow, CaliforniaWashington Crossing 1100-38, Princeton, New Jersey

50 YearBeverly Hills 2576-01, Beverly Hills, CaliforniaManhattan 2570-22, Manhattan, KansasKearney 1799-24, Kearney, NebraskaEssex 2567-46, Verona, New Jersey

45 YearPark Central 3527-03, Phoenix, ArizonaBlue Ridge 1514-66, Charlottesville, VirginiaBankstown Sports 1519-70, Bankstown, NSW, Australia

40 YearBathurst 2381-45, Bathurst, NB, Canada

35 YearSeriously Funny 2732-02, Bellevue, WashingtonThunder Mountain 777-03, Ft Huachuca, ArizonaTNT 1831-65, Rochester, New YorkPukekura 2176-72, New Plymouth, Taranaki, New ZealandHastings 3473-72, Hastings, New Zealand

30 YearGold Brickers 49-04, Cupertino, CaliforniaSweetwater Valley 3225-05, Bonita, CaliforniaMoonlighters 431-09, Spokane, WashingtonMishatalkers 694-11, Mishawaka, IndianaSimi Valley 3533-33, Simi Valley, CaliforniaBenoni 1315-74, Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa

25 YearScripps Teasers 1442-05, San Diego, CaliforniaEncinitas 1532-05, Encinitas, CaliforniaTwin Rivers 1426-09, Lewiston, IdahoMonday Niters 736-33, Las Vegas, NevadaDaybreakers 1388-33, Modesto, CaliforniaLos Amigos 2224-33, Oxnard, CaliforniaSingles 3968-33, Fresno, CaliforniaBelle City 1477-35, Racine, WisconsinNacogdoches 1726-50, Nacogdoches, TexasEl Cerrito 1507-57, El Cerrito, CaliforniaShell 2617-68, New Orleans, LouisianaStafford Heights 2589-69, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaHi-Noon 3963-77, Huntsville, Alabama

20 YearDel Mar 3524-05, Del Mar, CaliforniaToast Casters 6735-09, Spokane, WashingtonBoomer Storytellers 1979-16, Oklahoma City, OklahomaCENTRAL B. C. 3973-21, Vanderhoof, BC, CanadaSaanich Lunch Bunch 6719-21, Victoria, BC, CanadaFree Toasters 2470-33, Las Vegas, NevadaT L C 6708-33, Fresno, CaliforniaVero Beach 6731-47, Vero Beach, FloridaState Farm 6714-57, Rohnert Park, CaliforniaTalksics 6718-57, Martinez, CaliforniaIllustrious Articulators 6721-65, Rochester, New YorkJabberwocky 6740-65, Skaneateles, New YorkRyde District Club 6737-70, North Ryde, NSW, AustraliaMoonshiners 6743-70, Ainslie, ACT, AustraliaFirst Farmers 6717-75, Bacolod City, Neg. Occ., PhilippinesCPA 6736-80, Singapore, Singapore

O c t o b e r 2 0 0 7

60 YEARSan Carlos-Belmont 530-04, Belmont, CaliforniaMerritt 539-57, Oakland, California

55 YEARNortheast 1161-02, Seattle, WashingtonLafayette 1127-11, West Lafayette, IndianaBusiness & Professional 1169-68, Metairie, Louisiana

50 YEARNaval R & D 2539-05, San Diego, CaliforniaTown & Country 2488-12, Colton, CaliforniaGeorgia-Carolina 2523-14, Augusta, GeorgiaHUD 1795-27, Washington, District of ColumbiaKit Carson 2299-39, Carson City, NevadaEndicott 2584-65, Endicott, New York

45 YEARNashua-Hudson 2440-45, Nashua, New HampshireConcord West 2107-70, Concord, NSW, Australia

40 YEARSpeakeasy 1789-06, Saint Louis Park, MinnesotaFt Myers 1702-47, Fort Myers, FloridaAdvance 3050-69, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaSea Eagles 2951-70, Brookvale, NSW, AustraliaToastmasters Club of Singapore 357-80, Singapore,Singapore

35 YEARGear Gassers 3079-28, Troy, MichiganFriendly 3040-37, Greensboro, North CarolinaStanthorpe 1659-69, Stanthorpe, QLD, AustraliaBoomerang 1791-69, Rockhampton, QLD, AustraliaCanterbury-Hurlstone Park 3783-70, Hurlstone Park,NSW, Australia

30 YEARBorder 2127-23, El Paso, TexasSister Cities 3164-47, Lauderhill, FloridaMetrocrest 3318-50, Addison, TexasCentre 2404-69, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaPonsonby 2420-72, Auckland, New Zealand

25 YEARUniv Of Washington 1151-02, Seattle, WashingtonThe Ravens 1773-14, Robins AFB, GeorgiaOff-Broadway 4986-16, Edmond, OklahomaWord Weavers 2029-32, Puyallup, WashingtonThe University 4974-70, Acton, ACT, AustraliaFoveaux 4978-72, Invercargill, Southland, New ZealandGeorge 4983-74, George, Western Cape, South AfricaTMXP Plant 2 4982-75, Lapu Lapu City, Cebu, PhilippinesRiver City 4018-78, Pierre, South Dakota

20 YEARBre’ahs 3607-F, Brea, CaliforniaTechmasters 4218-14, Atlanta, GeorgiaRuby Mountain 4169-15, Elko, NevadaLaurel 4812-21, Vancouver, BC, CanadaStamps 3752-27, Merrifield, VirginiaNorth Plains 5691-44, Dumas, TexasProse On The Go 1111-50, Texarkana, ArkansasUSAA Bank 4948-55, San Antonio, TexasLakeside Speakeasy 2967-57, Oakland, CaliforniaIpomoea 106-69, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaEngineers 1974-74, Harare, Zimbabwe

N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 7

70 YEARFrank E Balmer 95-09, Pullman, WashingtonNoventa 90-33, Santa Barbara, California

65 YEARGaveliers 238-09, Spokane, Washington

December 2007 TOASTMASTER 35

Page 36: December 2007 Reframing

TM/Pro y Ejec/Ensenada 6767-34, Ensenada, BC,Mexico

Royal 6784-37, Charlotte, North CarolinaKlassy Talkers 5728-39, Sacramento, CaliforniaDistinguished Speakers 6778-39, Sacramento, CaliforniaManning and District 6766-42, Manning, AB, CanadaShell 6771-42, Calgary, AB, CanadaPeace Challengers 6772-42, Peace River, AB, CanadaExxon Mobil Baytown Baytown 6768-56, Baytown,Texas

Coastmasters 6781-57, Alameda, CaliforniaWestpac City 6769-70, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Grand Pioneer 506-65, in memory of Jerry Calvaneso, CTMDouble C 8502-70Park Central 4095-50, in memory of Virginia Guerrantthe mother of accredited Speaker Anne Barab

Hilo Toastmasters Club 248-49, in honor ofLily Chow, ACG

District 19 Spring Conference Committee on behalf ofDarren LaCroix

Gregory D. Scott, DTM, PID, in memory of Jan W.Pauw, DTM

MasterToasters 4431-08, in memory of Tim LouisSpezia, ATMS, CL

Kritikos 1686-18, in memory of Theodore C. Wood,DTM, PIP

District 18 Clubs, in memory of Theodore C. Wood,DTM, PIP

Seymour Speaks 7239-21, in memory of Anne Kramer,DTM, Past District 21 Governor

Keng Cok Chee, DTM, 2007-2008 District 51 Governor,in memory of Weng Kong Chee

Greater Bossier 2251-50

Smedley FundA s s o c i a t e

C o n t r i b u t o rTimely Talkers 5568-54, in memory of Theodore C.Wood, DTM, PIP

Judy Laythorpe, DTM, PID, in memory of Anne Kramer,DTM, Past District 21 Governor Prend Qetta, CC

Positively Speaking Club 5426-10, in memory ofSteve Puck

Great Persuaders of Atlantis 8720-47Dean A. Evans, CTMKen Tanner, DTM, PIDVictoria Beavers 790-21, in memory of Anne Kramer,DTM, Past District 21 Governor

Caroline Finlay-Meyer, ATMB, in memory of Aubrey L.Powell, DTM

Kathryn A. Miles, DTM, in memory of James E.Whitney, DTM

Lorraine Wong Myers, ATMBCatherine M. NaabeHenry B. Kemp, in memory of Aubrey L. Powell, DTMPete Gustafson, in memory of Aubrey L. Powell, DTMGoldstream 5952-21, in memory of Anne Kramer,DTM, Past District 21 Governor

Seven AM 3391-58, in memory of Aubrey L. Powell, DTMBetty Britt, in memory of Aubrey L. Powell, DTMRise & Shine 331-21, in memory of Anne Kramer,DTM, Past District 21 Governor

USMC Advanced 9829-58Morgan D. Grimball, in memory of Aubrey L. Powell,DTM

Long Beach Gavel 11

60 YEARChamber 540-02, Seattle, WashingtonPhiladelphias First 541-38, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaFranklin 524-40, Westerville, OhioMegacity 553-40, Centerville, Ohio

55 YEARForest City 1185-10, Cleveland, OhioCarlsbad 1182-23, Carlsbad, New MexicoRacine 481-35, Franksville, WisconsinValley Forge 1128-38, Norristown, PennsylvaniaTamaraw 1164-75, Manila, PhilippinesPierre 1195-78, Pierre, South Dakota

50 YEARDiamonds In The Rough 2598-07, Salem, OregonWest Side 2606-10, Fairview Park, OhioNew Castles First 2292-13, New Castle, PennsylvaniaTazewell 2702-54, Pekin, Illinois

45 YEARKeira 3558-70, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaFukuoka 3405-76, Fukuoka City, Japan

40 YEARSSA 2884-18, Baltimore, Maryland

35 YEARWoodridge 983-30, Woodridge, IllinoisSound Speakers 1174-32, Bremerton, WashingtonHuntington Centennial 2869-40, Huntington, West VirginiaAnderson 1946-58, Anderson, South CarolinaBelleville 1617-60, Belleville, ON, CanadaHighnooners 3171-78, Bismarck, North Dakota

30 YEARSpeakeasy II 3557-26, Boulder, ColoradoFirst Nevadans 3799-39, Sparks, NevadaOakland City Center 1250-57, Oakland, CaliforniaEarly Bird 3719-62, Grand Rapids, MichiganFlin Flon 2065-64, Flin Flon, MB, CanadaMackay 3283-69, Mackay, QLD, Australia

25 YEARUniversity 4995-03, Tempe, ArizonaTabor 4999-07, Portland, OregonGrand Center 5000-08, St Louis, MissouriNightowl Revenooers 5003-14, Doraville, GeorgiaWichita Downtown 4989-22, Wichita, KansasNalco 5004-30, Naperville, IllinoisTosa/Medical 5010-35, Wauwatosa, WisconsinPossum Town 3843-43, Columbus, Mississippi

20 YEARMesa Red Tape 5597-03, Mesa, ArizonaEpicenters 1041-12, Loma Linda, CaliforniaBellsouth 6752-14, Atlanta, GeorgiaBlue Ah Busters 6757-24, Omaha, NebraskaFighter Enterprise 4355-25, Fort Worth, TexasCowtown 5496-25, Fort Worth, TexasSouthern Lancaster County 2351-38, Willow Street,Pennsylvania

Carlton Trail 4713-42, Humboldt, SK, CanadaTelecom Park 6745-47, Temple Terrace, FloridaI T C Bintang 1915-51, Kuala Lumpur, WP, MalaysiaArmadillo Avenue 6755-55, Austin, TexasHouston Police Dept 5180-56, Houston, TexasBowmanville 3541-60, Bowmanville, ON, CanadaLondon Talbot 6751-60, London, ON, CanadaMoorabbin Saints 6760-73, Moorabbin, VIC, AustraliaStellenbosch 6753-74, Stellenbosch, Western Cape,South Africa

SIM II 5110-80, Singapore, Singapore

D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 7

60 YEARTarsus 532-08, Clayton, Missouri

55 YEARWaukesha 1173-35, Waukesha, WisconsinMain Line 1198-38, Wayne, PennsylvaniaTrinity 1190-50, Dallas, Texas

50 YEAREyeopeners 2607-03, Tucson, ArizonaJetstream 2624-04, Moffett Field, California

45 YEARHeart And Soul 2563-06, Edina, MinnesotaDynamic North Shore 3543-70, North Sydney, NSW,Australia

Miranda 3554-70, Sutherland, NSW, AustraliaMelbourne 3362-73, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaHattiesburg 3553-77, Hattiesburg, Mississippi

40 YEARSaddleback Valley 2657- F, Mission Viejo, California

35 YEARShea Speakers 3327- F, Brea, CaliforniaMixed Masters 3686- F, Huntington Beach, CaliforniaDowntowners 2696-15, Salt Lake City, UtahSunshine Speakers 1363-21, Powell River, BC, CanadaLeavenworth 2301-22, Leavenworth, KansasCredit Union Center TM 2023-35, Madison, WisconsinBelaborers 2221-36, Washington, District of ColumbiaMorning Knights 2875-65, Johnson City, New YorkSunnybank 3110-69, Holland Park, QLD, AustraliaKapi-Mana 1679-72, Tawa, Wellington, New Zealand

30 YEARSpeakeazys 3855-30, Northbrook, IllinoisSpeakez’s 1816-35, Kohler, WisconsinCrown Of Laurel 77-36, Laurel, MarylandHornet’s Nest 1811-37, Charlotte, North CarolinaMetro 3644-58, Greenville, South CarolinaManukau 3461-72, Manurewa, Manukau, New Zealand

25 YEARChirp N’ Choke 5027-03, Glendale, ArizonaApplied Materials 5015-04, Santa Clara, CaliforniaHeads-Up 5021-04, San Jose, CaliforniaWarsaw Noon 5016-11, Warsaw, IndianaPeak Trailblazers 2191-26, Colorado Springs, ColoradoApple Polishers 5018-26, Lakewood, ColoradoEarly Risers 5014-39, Grass Valley, CaliforniaUniversity 5024-42, Edmonton, AB, CanadaLubbock Professional 5011-44, Lubbock, TexasTreasure Coast 3466-47, Stuart, FloridaNewark 1118-57, Newark, CaliforniaCECI 5013-67, Taipei, Taiwan, TaiwanOver The Hump Bunch 3271-68, New Orleans,Louisiana

TMC of Metro Davao 4403-75, Davao City, Davo,Philippines

20 YEARRogue Communicators 927-07, Grants Pass, OregonTower 6774-07, Portland, OregonTurning Point 3920-11, Indianapolis, IndianaFigures Of Speech 1856-30, Lake Forest, IllinoisSay Watt 2295-33, Las Vegas, NevadaPower Speakers 4057-33, Simi Valley, CaliforniaRhetorical Link 6765-33, Thousand Oaks, California

36 TOASTMASTER December 2007

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August 2003 THE TOASTMASTER 31

Page 38: December 2007 Reframing

2007Article Index

38 TOASTMASTER December 2007

Experiencing the CompetentLeadership ManualJean G. Hogle, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/32

CommunicationI’ll Never Forget What’s-His-Name

Craig Harrison, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/28

District 30 Hosts Thanksgiving ParadeKim Taylor, CC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/20

Confessions of a Freelance SpeechwriterColin Moorehouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/22

Speaking of ScienceErika Ebbel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May/8

Toastmasters Serve the Poor onMercy ShipMike Osborne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jun/6

A Question of EtiquetteMargaret Page, CL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/5

Finding a Voice for YourClub NewsletterRhys Davies, ATMS, ALS . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/22

The Speech or the Speaker?Gene Perret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/14

Marathon of the MouthCaren Neile, Ph.D., ATMS . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/14

Some “Free” AdviceJohn Cadley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/16

10 Tips for a Terrific Talk: SecretsFrom the ProsShawn Doyle, ATMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/19

The Power to Change the WorldLinda McGurk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/22

Club MeetingsRunning the Numbers

Michelle (Miki) Baker, ATMS . . . . . . . . . . Jan/5

Build It and They Will ComeBeth Stinson, CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/24

3 Points to Keep Your Evaluationon TargetShelia Spencer, DTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/8

Do You Dread Receiving an Evaluation?James Clark, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/12

Live and LearnBen Daughtery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May/5

Speechcraft Participants Thrivein County JailCharles W. Buffington III, ATMB . . . . . May/17

It’s Never Too Late to Join ToastmastersNeva Lindell, CTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/5

Meeting on TVDavid Lisnek, ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/14

10 Tips for Talking HeadsDavid Yewman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/14

Walking My TalkOshiomowe R. Momodu-Busari, ACB, CL . . Oct/7

Toastmasters and Bank of AmericaCarl Duivenvoorden, DTM . . . . . . . . . . Oct/10

The 3 Rs of Evaluating: Review,Reward and RespondDavid Hobson, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/8

What? A Standing Ovation foran Evaluation?Judith Tingley, Ph.D., DTM . . . . . . . . . Nov/10

Assessing Your EvaluationsJohn Spaith, ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/13

Making the Moment MeaningfulDana LaMon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/24

HumorMoving From Toxic to Nourishing Humor

Joel Goodman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/14

Getting Comfy with ComedyLisa Mulcahy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/11

Sweating Out Stand-upPatrick Mott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/16

How to Add Humor to any SpeechJoe Cooke, ACB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/22

Tall Tales Are a Tall OrderCaren Neile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/16

Extra – Extra – Read All About it…Paris Hilton Enters Speech ContestRichard Steward, DTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/19

Do You Hear What I Hear?Marion Amberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/7

Generating Fun with PowerPointMalcolm Kushner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/16

Language/Speech WritingLooking for a Speech Idea?

Ron Palermo, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/20

Life in a Grammar SlammerJason Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/6

You Can’t Go Wrong If You NameThat SongMalcolm Kushner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/13

5 Sure-Fire Tips for Great SpeechesPatricia Fripp, CSP, CPAE . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/6

Look Before You Leap in Frontof an AudienceDan Naden, CTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/8

Simple Steps to Writing aFantastic SpeechCharles W. Buffington III, ATMB . . . . . May/22

Want to Become aWedding Speechwriter?Laura Yeager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun/8

Get the Quote RightFred R. Shapiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun/20

Looking for Speech Ideas?Look at Your Life!Dee Dees, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/22

Snafu SurvivalJohn Tillison, ATMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/24

Put Your Audience in Your SpeechKevin Johnston and Tennille-Lynn Millo Aug/8

Tips from a ToastmasterDianne Lawson, ATMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/12

Preparing a Speech in 5 MinutesSid Gilman, DTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/14

Sounding Good in EnglishKatherine Meeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/24

The Power of WordsElizabeth Martin, ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/28

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December 2007 TOASTMASTER 39

LeadershipFrom Toastmaster to Hit TV ShowMonique Cuvelier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/18

Why Attend Club Officer Training?Shelia Spencer, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/22

Team CommandmentsDon Seaton, ACG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/14

What to Do After You Receive Your DTMCara Seitchek, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/18

Challenging the Advanced SpeakerHeike Bogt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/27

Talking to TeensPatrick Mott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May/14

Giving Courage ThroughEncouragementJerry Parsons, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/28

An Inconvenient TruthCarl Duivenvoorden, DTM . . . . . . . . . . Dec/14

Membership/Club BuildingBuilding New Corporate ClubsPatrick McClure, ATMS/CL. . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/8

Keep Guests Coming BackKaren Hobson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/14

Chartering the CorporateClub: A SurveyShelia Spencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun/16

Talking Up Toastmasters on the RadioDavid Rippe, ATMB, CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/8

Promote Your Cause on Morning RadioBuddy Baron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/12

Courteous Ideas that GrowRobert Brumm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/21

Impress Them From the StartMark Hammerton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/18

Engineering a WinDr. April K. Andreas, ACS, CL. . . . . . . . Aug/16

Do You Have Charisma?Eva Kihlstrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/19

Handling the Hostile CrowdJudi Bailey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/16

Responding to HecklersMary Ward Menke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/21

Body Language MythsDave Zielinski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/24

YouTube Your Way to Better SpeakingCarmine Gallo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/26

Planting a Shill in the AudienceKristen Johnson, ACB, CL . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/20

Who’s Your Audience?Craig Harrison, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/10

Size Up Your AudienceCliff Suttle, ATMS/CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/18

Projecting Power on the PodiumGeorge Torok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/22

a

Toastmaster ProfilesPushing Past His DisabilityJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan/6

Finding His VoiceJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/6

The Ability to AdvocateJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/8

Wow ‘Em Like Steve JobsCarmine Gallo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/14

From Toast to HostJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul/6

Looking For a Profession – Not PityJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug/6

Legacy of ChampionsJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/6

Getting Paid to SpeakJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct/8

Answering the Swami’s QuestionJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/22

From Producer to PianistJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/8

Personal GrowthOvercoming a Different Kind of FearMahtab Narsimhan, CTM . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/5

‘If Only I’d Said...’: Mastering the Artof Self-EvaluationCaren Neile, Ph.D., CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/20

Learning to Almost Like CriticismBrian Thoma, CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb/24

A Crash Course in ConfidenceNina L. Kaufman, ATMB . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/18

Experience Is Great – But OnlyIf You Learn From ItGene Perret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar/28

A Question of MannersMargaret Page, CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr/5

Managing Your Toastmaster MaterialsShelia Spencer, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May/24

Landing My Dream JobTimothy J. Matson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun/5

DTM Stands for DearlyTreasured MemoriesMelissa Brown, DTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/12

Managing AngerCaren Neile, ATMS, CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sept/22

From Tragedy to TriumphDarcy Keith, CC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov/6

Reframing Three Major FearsAbout Public SpeakingJudith E. Pearson, Ph.D, DTM. . . . . . . . Dec/24

Beauty and the BeastJudi Bailey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec/28

Presentation SkillsTeaching Presentation Skills to KidsJulie Bawden Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May/6

The Toast: That Other ProposalSandra Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun/12

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