“decentralized governance in rural water sector: the rajasthan scenario”
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“Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector: The Rajasthan Scenario”. Presentation by Hemant Joshi, Executive Director Dr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRD Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU), Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO), - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
““Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector: Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector: The Rajasthan Scenario”The Rajasthan Scenario”
Presentation byPresentation byHemant Joshi, Executive Director Hemant Joshi, Executive Director Dr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRDDr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRD
Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU), Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU), Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO), Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO),
Public Health Engineering Department- Govt. of RajasthanPublic Health Engineering Department- Govt. of Rajasthan
RAJASTHAN–A PROFILE
Total Area 342,239 Sq kmDistricts 33 Blocks 237Panchayat Samities 249Village Panchayats 9,168Cities & Towns 222Villages 41,353Total Habitations 1,21,133Population(2001) 56,507,188Population(2011) 68,621,012Urban 13,214,375Rural 43,292,813Decadal Growth Rate 21.44Cattle Human Ratio 1.2:1
The state has more cattle population than human
Status of Water in Rajasthan:• Rajasthan is the largest State of the country.• The status of water in the State is most critical. • Rajasthan with more than 10.4% of the country’s
geographical area, supporting more than 5.5% of the human population & 18.70% of the livestock has only 1.16 % of the total surface water available in the country.
• Out of the total 142 desert blocks in the country, 85 blocks are in the State of Rajasthan.
• Out of 249 blocks in the state, only 30 blocks are in safe category.
• The average annual rainfall ranges from 100 mm in Jaisalmer to 800 mm in Jhalawar. Average annual rainfall of the State is 531mm.
• The State has witnessed frequent drought and famine conditions in the past fifty years.
• The per capita annual water availability in the State is about 780 cubic meter (Cum) against minimum requirement of 1000 Cum. It is feared that the availability would fall below 450 cum by the year 2050. • As per the international accepted norms,
availability of water below 500 cum is considered as absolute water scarcity.
Rural Drinking Water Scenario in Rajasthan
Particulars
No. of Habitations with population coverage (as on 20.2.2012)
Total habitations
% commissioned habitations
>=0 and < 25%
>=25 and < 100% 100%
All Habitations 32979 19188 68966 121133 57%
SC dominated habitations 4296 2091 8934 15321 58%
ST dominated habitations 2855 3578 16487 22920 72%
Minority dominated habitations
5093 1114 5483 11690 47%
Out of total commissioned habitations 47% are quality affectedOut of total commissioned habitations 47% are quality affected
Quality affected Habitation contamination wise as on 01/04/2011
121133
68966
3215010724 8 54
202581106
020000400006000080000
100000120000140000
Tota
lHa
bita
tions
Com
mis
sion
edHa
bita
tions
Qua
lity
affe
cted
habi
tatio
ns
Fluo
ride
Arse
nic Iro
n
Salin
ity
Nitra
te
No. o
f hab
itatio
ns
65% habitations & 47% villages are commissioned with 65% habitations & 47% villages are commissioned with hand pump schemehand pump scheme
No. of benefitted villages and habitations through various rural water supply schemes
19214
3803 2075 1711
44527
951
115101438
8441369
474111712
05000
100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000
Handpump Regional Pump &Tank
Piped TSS Diggi &others
Type of scheme
No. o
f ben
efitt
ed vi
llage
s &
habi
tatio
ns No. of main villages
No. of habitations
Hand pump repairing every year ranges from 38% to 72%
No. of repaired handpumps during the handpump repairing campaign (year 2001- 2011)
214635
95853
149932 149523183986
167591190954
473632
151736140163
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
27th 2001
28th2002
29th2003
30th2004
31st 2005
32nd 2006
33rd 2007
34th 2008
35th2009-
11
36th 2011
handpump repairing campaign nos. with year
no
. of
rep
air
ed
ha
nd
pu
mp
s
•
•
The revenue is not even 20% of the expenditure
Economic calculation for maintainance of drinking water schemes
0200400
600800
10001200
14001600
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
year
Am
ou
nt
in c
aro
ra R
s.
revenue
expenditure
Decentralized Governance
• Decentralization is the policy of delegating decision making authority down to the lower levels in a set up relatively away from and lower in a central authority
• As per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, it was decided to devolve powers to the PRIs.
• The state governments were authorized to devolve these powers.
The History of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan
• Rajasthan was one of the major states where the three tiers
Panchayati Raj System was introduced on the recommendations of Balwant Raj Mehta Committee.
• This was inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru on 2nd October 1959 at Nagaur.
• Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (1914-1995) a famous freedom fighter, famous Agrarian leader and parliamentarian was the founder member of the Panchayat Raj system in Rajasthan.
Status of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan
In keeping with the spirit of the 73rd amendment, the Rajasthan Government has transferred the administrative controls of five departments with funds, functions and functionaries to Panchayati Raj Department on 2nd October 2010. The departments are:
•Primary Education•Health•Women and Child•Social Welfare & Justice• Agriculture
The Total Sanitation Campaign was also transferred to Panchayat Raj Department.
Schemes handed over to PRIs• Janta Jal Yojna - 5631 (No. of Schemes handed over to
Gram Panchayats in the year 2011-12)• Repairing of hand pumps• All the 74 major projects i.e costing more than 25 crore
will be maintained by five member committee formed in the gram sabha
Schemes still with PHED• Pump & Tank• Regional Water supply schemes• Piped water supply
Management Devolution IndexConsolidated Position of the State (MDI)
S.No. Indicator Weightage Awarded points
Remarks
1 Transfer of Functions to PRIs
20 12.1 There are some indicators which have not been reported correctly on the national web site of DDWS due to lack of reporting or wrong reporting.
2 Availability/Transfer of funds to PRIs
50 0
3 Functionaries made available to support PRIs
25 4.6
4 Good Management indicators
5 0.3
Total 100 17
State Wise MDI RankingS. No. Name of State Score
1 Karnataka 46.4
2 Tamilnadu 41.7
3 Andhra Pradesh 31.8
4 Gujarat 28.1
5 Maharashtra 24.7
6 Uttar Pradesh 24
7 Punjab 23.8
8 Uttranchal 23
9 Kerala 22.1
10 Chhattisgarh 20.4
11 Jharkhand 18.7
12 Rajasthan 17
13 Sikkim 16.4
14 Himachal Pradesh 16.3
15 M.P 16.3
16 Tripura 15.3
17 West Bengal 13.2
18 Nagaland 12.8
19 Haryana 12.7
20 Mizoram 9.5
21 Bihar 9.4
22 Assam 9.1
23 Orissa 8.8
24 Arunachal Pradesh 8.2
25 Meghalaya 5.3
26 Goa 0
27 J & K 0
28 Manipur 0
MDI indicators not considered in MarkingMDI indicators not considered in Marking•Whether untied grants from State Plan/non plan have been transferred to all GPs in preceding financial yearStatus: In year 2011-12, Rs. 45 crores has been transferred and in year 2012-13 Rs. 96 crore has been transferred.
•Whether untied grants from State Finance Commission have been transferred to all GPs in preceding financial yearStatus: In year 2011-12 RS.700 crores transferred
•Percentage of water charges demand collected by PRIsStatus: 100% in case of schemes covered under major projects.
•Proportion of blocks where block level Diploma/Graduate engineers are available in PHED/PRED/ZP/BP @ one for 1 lakh rural population exclusively for rural water supply and sanitationStatus: 1660 engineers are available. In every district 2-3 Executive Engineers are looking after the work of rural water supply under them 10-15 A.Ens, 20-30 J.Ens are assisting in the work at block level.
MDI indicators not considered in marking contd..MDI indicators not considered in marking contd..
Proportion of filled up BRC Coordinators positionsStatus: In the state 249 block coordinators and 667 cluster coordinators are to be appointed out of which till date 134 block coordinators and 338 cluster coordinators have been appointed. A total of 472 coordinators have been appointed out of 916 i.e. 52%. Proportion of VWSC members trained in RWS functions for at least two days in the previous year.Status: Total 63,500 VWSC members have been trained uptill now. The target for VWSC training in AAP 12-13 is 15000 VWSC members Proportion of NRDWP Support funds spent on IEC and HRD activitiesStatus: Rs. 3457.44 lacs has been spent on IEC & HRD under NRDWP support fund out of 4000 lacs i.e . 86% utilization.
The Challenges in Rajasthan:
• Lack of confidence at the political level in terms of capacity of Panchayat Raj Institutions. With the transfer of five departments to PRIs, the ice has been broken and there are chances that other subjects in the 11th schedule may also be gradually given to PRIs.
• The mind set of PHED engineers. • The lack of capacity of PRIs in maintaining the WSS is also a
handicap. • Depleting potable ground water reserves and deteriorating
ground water quality.• overcoming conflict of interest of different regions and different
user categories• The state faces a major water crisis every third or fourth year due
to recurrent drought. Therefore the GOR is cautious and want to move forward slowly and steadily because water is central to the entire development programming in Rajasthan.
The Way Forward• State Water Policy adopted. Decentralize
Governance accepted as a policy by State Cabinet.
• Capacity Building of PRI already taken up in coordination with SIRD.
• Change Management Groups formed at state as well as divisional levels for change of mind set of PHED engineers. Shortly district level Change Management Groups will be set up.
• A total of 7873 Rain Water Harvesting Structures and Ground Water Recharging being taken up through NRDWP funds.
• Setting up of BRCs expedited to ensure gram panchayt level empowerment of PRIs.
• Communication Campaign launched through electronic media for demand management both for drinking & farming sector.
The Way Forward Contd…• Village health and sanitation committee (VHSC) have Village health and sanitation committee (VHSC) have
been designated as Village Health Water & Sanitation been designated as Village Health Water & Sanitation Committee (VHW & SC) to work as VWSC as per Committee (VHW & SC) to work as VWSC as per NRDWP guidelines to reduce multiplicity of NRDWP guidelines to reduce multiplicity of committees.committees.
• Step by step transfer of funds, functionaries and Step by step transfer of funds, functionaries and functions on Pilot basis starting from 2 districts i.e. functions on Pilot basis starting from 2 districts i.e. Alwar & Udaipur. (Cabinet approval given)Alwar & Udaipur. (Cabinet approval given)
• Shortly a state level workshop is going to be held to Shortly a state level workshop is going to be held to discuss the transfer model with stakeholders & their discuss the transfer model with stakeholders & their feedback will be considered for ensuring smooth feedback will be considered for ensuring smooth transition.transition.
• MGNREGS funds are also being used for rain water MGNREGS funds are also being used for rain water harvesting & ground water recharge through gram harvesting & ground water recharge through gram
panchayats.panchayats.
• IWRM plans being prepared in 2798 GPs in 11 IWRM plans being prepared in 2798 GPs in 11 districts districts with active involvement of local with active involvement of local panchayats.panchayats.
THANKSTHANKS