decentralized power generation using clean fuels...• the energy trilemma can be addressed using...
TRANSCRIPT
Decentralized Power
Generation using Clean Fuels
Michael Welch
Industry Marketing Manager, Siemens Industrial
Turbomachinery Ltd, UK
• Electricity is key to:– Economic growth
– Improving quality of life
• The challenge is to provide electricity that is:– Secure
– Affordable
– Minimal environmental footprint
ADDRESSING THE ENERGY TRILEMMA
• Large power plant connected to transmission network– Lowest cost of electricity
– Most efficient method
– Lowest $/kW investment
• High initial investment– Long-term growth forecast to
justify investment
• Impact of investment delay
– Transmission line investment
– Transmission losses
– Impractical for 100% electrification
CENTRALIZED GENERATION
• Locate power generation close to actual consumers– Create local Microgrid
– Transmission reinforcement
– Reduced losses
– Reduced investment
– Multiple units: Security of local supplies
– Use locally available fuel
• Potential to use industrial plant as ‘anchor’ to electrify area
DECENTRALIZED GENERATION
Ubungo Power Plant, Tanzania
• Centralized power favours coal
or natural gas
• Natural gas cleanest fossil fuel
for decentralized power too
– Gas pipeline access issues
– High cost of small scale LNG
infrastructure
• Historically default to Fuel Oils
– Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
– Diesel
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
• Fuel Oils are highly polluting
– High CO2 emissions
– High pollutant emissions
• NOx (Smog)
• CO (poisonous)
• SOx (acid rain)
• PM (potential carcinogen)
– Hazardous to human health
– Spillage
• Storage issues and security
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
• Consider cleaner fuels for
decentralized power
– LPG
• Readily available
• Transportable
• Easy to store
• Lower CO2 and pollutant
emissions than Fuel Oils
– Biogas
• Anaerobic digestion of wastes
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
CO2 Emissions from combustion only in lb/mmbtu(source US EIA)
• A By-product from the Oil & Gas Industry
– African countries export LPG
LPG
• Clean-burning without need for
additional abatement systems
– Lower NOx than Fuel Oils
– No SOx
– Lower CO
– Lower PM
• No ground pollution
• Easy to store
– Easier to store and transport than
LNG too
LPG
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
GTNatural
Gas
GTDiesel
GT LPG RICEHFO
NOx (Tonnes/year) for 50MW
Maximum annual NOx emissions for a 50MW power
plant under World Bank guidelines
• Excellent fuel for the smaller Gas Turbines in Decentralized Power applications– Similar performance to natural gas
– Suitable for Dry Low Emissions combustors
– Maintenance schedule as natural gas
– Interchangeable: ‘NG ready’
• Offers potential for clean, high efficiency Distributed Power– Combined cycle or CHP
LPG
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
NaturalGas
100%Propane
Diesel
Performance Comparison 7MW Gas Turbine
(Natural Gas = 100)
Power Efficiency
Increasing
C4 Content
• Methane / CO2 mixture
• Produced by Anaerobic Digestion
– Municipal Wastes (Landfill Gas), Waste Water Treatment, Industrial
Off-gas (Ethanol)
BIOGAS
• Can be used as a fuel– 100% Biogas
– Biogas / Natural Gas blends
• Gas turbine performance as natural gas (or better)
• Fuel flexibility of small gas turbines allows multi-fuel solutions in single solution– Biogas to natural gas to LPG!
BIOGAS
7MW Gas Turbine in CHP application, USA.
Capable of operating on processed landfill
gas, natural gas and diesel
• Potential to use Agricultural Wastes for Poly-generation
BIOGAS
Bio-RefineryAgricultural
WastesBiogas
Power Plant
Steam
Ethanol Electricity
(for export)
• Future possibilities to create sustainable local economy from
wastes
BIOGAS
Biogas
Power Plant
Steam Electricity
Exhaust
GasesCarbon
Capture
System
Water
CO2
Speciality Chemicals
Electrolysis
Hydrogen
• The Energy Trilemma can be addressed using locally
available or readily transportable clean fuels
• LPG
• Biogas
• Encourages local and regional economic growth and
improves quality of life
• Decentralized Power Generation provides
• Affordable electricity
• Security of Supply
• Low environmental footprint
CONCLUSIONS