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Deutsche Version

Amplifier Conversion − Gain / Loss

Gain means signal strength (amplitude) or amplification.In audio we use only voltage amplification. Forget the power.

The amplification factor, also called gain, is the extent to which an active device boosts thestrength of a signal.

The damping factor, also called loss, is the extent to which a passive device reduces the strengthof a signal.

Amplification means voltage ratio V2 / V1 = Vout / Vin. Voltage gain in dB = 20 × log (V2 / V1).

● Convert Decibels to Voltage Gain / Loss ●

Gain in decibel (+dB)Loss in decibel (−dB)

-3.7485

calculate

Voltage GainVoltage Loss

0.649494

reset

● Convert Voltage Gain / Loss to Decibels ●

Voltage Gain

Voltage Loss

calculate

Gain in decibel (+dB)

Loss in decibel (−dB)

reset

• Voltage and Gain •

Enter any two values - the third will be calculated.

Reference voltage V0 1 V reset

Measured voltage V V reset

Gain G or LV dB reset

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calculate all reset

V0 = 1 Volt

Amplification and Damping

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.

The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

Gain factor v = V2/V1

for field sizes, e.g. voltage

1.000

↔ Amplification level L

voltage level

0.0 dB

0 dB = voltage gain v = 1

Gain and Loss

Gain is:

1) A knob usually found at the top of each input channel on the sound board, usedto set input levels of the separate channels to relatively equal positions.2) The amount of increase in audio signal strength, often expressed in dB.

Gain:The measure of how much a circuit amplifies a signal. Gain may be stated asa ratio of input to output voltage,current or power, such as a voltage gain of 4, or apower gain of 2, or it can be expressed in decibels, such as a line amplifier with again of 10 dB.

Conductive Hearing Loss: a loss of sensitivity to sound, resulting from anabnormality or blockage of the outer ear or the middle ear. The most commoncause of conductive hearing loss is middle ear fluid or infection. Other causesinclude wax build-up in the ear canal, a hole in the eardrum, or damage to the tiny

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bones of the middle ear.

Gain or Loss: These are reciprocal numbers; they will be given in several ways.

Usually it is expressed as a ratio. It can be stated as ratio of the primary tosecondary impedances of an audio transformer.

This is given by gain or loss =

This voltage can also be expressed in dB as well.

It is given by the formula: also voltages across the primary and secondary.

dB (decibel): A technique for expressing voltage,power, gain, loss, or frequency inlogarithmic form against a reference.Typical references include volts, watts or Hz.

DeciBels are calculated using the expression: Level in decibel L = 20 × log (x/y) or

L = 10 · log (x/y).

Voltage Controlled Attenuator (VCA):

Similar to a voltage controlled amplifier except that the amplifier will, with no controlvoltage sent to it, have no gain and no loss; as an increasing control voltage is sentto it, the amplifier reduces gain, causing an amplitude loss of signal strength.

Sound level, loudness, and sound pressure are not the same things.There are variations in individual perception of the strength of sound.The sound pressure measured twice as much gives 6 dB more level.The sound perceived twice as loud needs roughly an increase insound level by 10 dB.

Common Gains and Losses Expressed in DecibelsNotice: Power gain is not used in audio engineering.

Gain/loss as a ratio

(out/in)

Gain/loss as a factor

Gain/loss in dB Field sizes (Voltage gain)

Gain/loss in dB Energy sizes(Power gain)

10,000:1 10,000 +80.00 dB +40.00 dB

10,00:1 10,00 +60.00 dB +30.00 dB

100:1 100 +40.00 dB +20.00 dB

10:1 10 +20.00 dB +10.00 dB

5:1 5 +13.98 dB +6.99 dB

4:1 4 +12.04 dB +6.02 dB ●

2:1 2 +6.02 dB ● +3.01 dB

1:1 1 0,00 dB 0.00 dB

1:2 0.5 −6.02 dB ● −3.01 dB

1:4 0.25 −12.04 dB −6.02 dB ●

1:5 0.2 −13.98 dB −6.99 dB

1:10 0.1 −20.00 dB −10.00 dB

1:100 0.01 −40.00 dB −20.00 dB

1:1,000 0.001 −60.00 dB −30.00 dB

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1:10,000 0.0001 −80.00 dB −40.00 dB

40 dB voltage gain (amplitude) is 100 times the voltage factor (amplitude).40 dB power gain is 10,000 times the power factor.

Voltage Gain and Power Gain

Voltage (amplitude) gain Power (energy) gain

Voltage ratioFactor V2/V1

Voltage amplificationGV in dB

Power ratio

Factor P2/P1

Power amplificationGP in dB

103 +60 106 +60

102 +40 104 +40

101 +20 102 +20

√10 = 3.16 +10 10 +10

2 +6 4 +6

√2 = 1.414 +3 2 +3

1 ±0 1 ±0

1/√2 = 0.7071 −3 1/2 = 0.5 −3

1/2 = 0.5 −6 1/4 = 0.25 −6

1/√10 = 0.316 −10 10−1 = 0.1 −10

10−1 = 0.1 −20 10−2 = 0.01 −20

10−2 = 0.01 −40 10−4 = 0.0001 −40

10−3 = 0.001 −60 10−6 = 0.000001 −60

V2/V1 = 10(GV in dB/20) GV = 20×log (V2/V1) P2/P1 = 10(GP in dB/10) GP = 10×log (P2/P1)

How many decibels (dB) level change is twice (double, half) or three times asloud?

The dependence of sound levels in dB and their factors − Measurements and perceptions

Table of Sound Levels (dB Scale) − Corresponding Units of Sound Pressure and Sound

Intensity

Convert number relations (ratio) to dB level − number − factor − ratio − parameterConversion of Factor, Ratio, or Gain to a Level Value

Gain and Loss − Field sizes and energy sizes

The decibel calculator (dB) − a valuable tool

Calculation: Amplification (gain) and damping (loss) as level in decibelsAmplifier Conversion − Gain / Loss

Calculation Voltage Gain and Power Gain − Voltage Loss and Power Loss

Comparative representation of sound field sizes and sound energy sizesConversion of sound units (levels)

How to calculate decibels?

The word "power amplifier" is a misnomer - especially in audio engineering.

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Voltage and current can be amplified. The strange term "power amplifier" has

become understood to mean an amplifier that is intended to drive a load such

as a loudspeaker.We call the product of current and voltage gain "power amplification".

Questions:For an amplifier with an amplification factor of 100, calculate the following:a) voltage gain in dB.b) voltage gain at the cutoff frequency (break frequency) in dB.c) amplification factor at the cutoff frequency (break frequency).Answers:a) amplification factor 100 = gain 40 dBb) gain at the cutoff frequency is 3 dB, so it is 37 dB.c) gain 37 dB = amplification factor 70.7 at the cutoff frequency.

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