GROUP 1 (7-COPERNICUS)

GROUP MEMBERS:-Julienne Mae V. Potonia-Elisha A. Vinarao-Shama I. Cabbuag-Yvonne Kate H. Blanca-Ken Reinier L. Villanueva-Arthur David F. Del Rosario

DECIDUOUS RAIN FORESTDECIDUOUS RAIN FOREST

General InformationGeneral InformationSpecific DescriptionSpecific Description a) Climatea) Climate b) Temperatureb) Temperature c) Soilc) Soil d) Rainfalld) Rainfall e) Animal, Plantse) Animal, Plants f) Examplef) Example

GENERAL INFORMATION

Deciduous rainforest is a type of forest characterized by trees that seasonally shed their leaves

Deciduous forests can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the middle of Europe. There are many deciduous forests in Asia. Some of the major areas that they are in are southwest Russia, Japan, and eastern China. South America has two big areas of deciduous forests in southern Chile and Middle East coast of Paraguay. There are deciduous forests located in New Zealand, and southeastern Australia also. Deciduous forests are located primarily in the eastern half of the United States, Canada, Europe, parts of Russia, China, and Japan.

The deciduous forest has four distinct seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In the autumn the leaves change color. During the winter months the trees lose their leaves.

GENERAL INFORMATION

There are five different zones:1.) The Tree Stratum zone contains such trees as oak,

beech, maple, chestnut hickory, elm, basswood, linden, walnut, and sweet gum trees. This zone has height ranges between 60 feet and 100 feet.

2.) The small tree and sapling zone is the second zone. This zone has young, and short trees.

3.) The third zone is called the shrub zone. Some of the shrubs in this zone are rhododendrons, azaleas, mountain laurel, and huckleberries.

4.) The Herb zone is the fourth zone. It contains short plants such as herbal plants.

5.) The final zone is the Ground zone. It contains lichen, club mosses, and true mosses.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION A

Climate ~ The latitude range is anywhere from 23° north to 38° south. Climate is a mix of temperature and precipitation. Deciduous forests have almost 14 inches of rain in the winter months and more than 18 inches of rain in the summer.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION BSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION B

Temperature ~ -30°C to 30°C, yearly Temperature ~ -30°C to 30°C, yearly average is 10°Caverage is 10°C

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION CSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION C

Soil ~ The soils found in deciduous Soil ~ The soils found in deciduous forests are some of the most fertile in forests are some of the most fertile in the world. Like grassland soils, these the world. Like grassland soils, these soils have been exposed to thousands soils have been exposed to thousands of years of dense plant life. The of years of dense plant life. The decayed material from living things decayed material from living things accumulates in deciduous forests soils accumulates in deciduous forests soils to make them more suitable for to make them more suitable for sustaining plant and animal life. sustaining plant and animal life.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION CSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION C Types of Soils:Types of Soils:•• Alfisols ~ One of the most abundant types Alfisols ~ One of the most abundant types

of soil in temperate deciduous forests is of soil in temperate deciduous forests is alfisol. Also known as brown forest soils, alfisol. Also known as brown forest soils, alfisols have two distinct layers: a top layer, alfisols have two distinct layers: a top layer, consisting primarily of dead leaves, and a consisting primarily of dead leaves, and a subsoil, which has a high content of clay. subsoil, which has a high content of clay. Alfisols derive their dark-brown color from Alfisols derive their dark-brown color from humus, which is decayed leaves and other humus, which is decayed leaves and other organic matter. In comparison to the alfisols organic matter. In comparison to the alfisols that are present in coniferous forests, that are present in coniferous forests, alfisols in deciduous forests are less acidic alfisols in deciduous forests are less acidic and contain less iron and aluminumand contain less iron and aluminum

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION CSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION C

•• Utisols ~ While alfisols are common to the Utisols ~ While alfisols are common to the temperate deciduous forests of the temperate deciduous forests of the northeastern United States, ultisols are northeastern United States, ultisols are common to the temperate deciduous forests common to the temperate deciduous forests of the southeastern United States. As Radford of the southeastern United States. As Radford University notes, these clay-rich soils are University notes, these clay-rich soils are much older than their alfisol counterparts and much older than their alfisol counterparts and have undergone much higher levels of have undergone much higher levels of weathering and leaching. For this reason, weathering and leaching. For this reason, ultisols provide poor aeration and lack ultisols provide poor aeration and lack nutrients. While primarily brown in color, nutrients. While primarily brown in color, ultisols often contain streaks of red or yellow.ultisols often contain streaks of red or yellow.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION CSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION C•• Rocky soils ~ Rocky soils are common to Rocky soils ~ Rocky soils are common to

the hillsides and rocky outcrops of the hillsides and rocky outcrops of temperate deciduous forests. The temperate deciduous forests. The abundance of nonporous mineral abundance of nonporous mineral particles in these soils makes them dry particles in these soils makes them dry and infertile. In addition, the tendency of and infertile. In addition, the tendency of rocky soils to occur on slopes results in rocky soils to occur on slopes results in water draining away rapidly. For these water draining away rapidly. For these reasons, only small deciduous trees, like reasons, only small deciduous trees, like hickories, are able to grow in rocky soils. hickories, are able to grow in rocky soils. The specific types of rocks comprising The specific types of rocks comprising the soils can vary. However, when the soils can vary. However, when limestone is present, the soil's alkalinity limestone is present, the soil's alkalinity is often elevated.is often elevated.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION CSPECIFIC DESCRIPTION C•• Sandy soils ~ Sandy soils occur most Sandy soils ~ Sandy soils occur most

frequently in temperate deciduous forests frequently in temperate deciduous forests that stretch along coastlines, such as the that stretch along coastlines, such as the forests of Cape Cod, Massachusetts and the forests of Cape Cod, Massachusetts and the Pine Barrens region of New Jersey. The soils Pine Barrens region of New Jersey. The soils consist of sand mixed with small amounts of consist of sand mixed with small amounts of dirt and are very low in nutrients. In addition, dirt and are very low in nutrients. In addition, the soils are poor at retaining water. Despite the soils are poor at retaining water. Despite these drawbacks, some trees, particularly these drawbacks, some trees, particularly pitch pines, are able to thrive in them. pitch pines, are able to thrive in them. However, in most instances, the growth of However, in most instances, the growth of these trees is stunted and they take on these trees is stunted and they take on scrubby appearances.scrubby appearances.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION D

• Rainfall ~ The average rainfall is 30 to 60 inches a year.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION ESPECIFIC DESCRIPTION E

Animals ~ A wide variety of mammals, Animals ~ A wide variety of mammals, birds, insects, and reptiles can be found birds, insects, and reptiles can be found in a deciduous forest biome. Mammals in a deciduous forest biome. Mammals that are commonly found in a deciduous that are commonly found in a deciduous forest include bears, raccoons, squirrels, forest include bears, raccoons, squirrels, skunks, wood mice, and, in the U.S., deer skunks, wood mice, and, in the U.S., deer can be found in these forests. While can be found in these forests. While bobcats, mountain lions, timberwolves, bobcats, mountain lions, timberwolves, and coyotes are natural residents of and coyotes are natural residents of these foreststhese forests

AnimalsAnimals

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION ESPECIFIC DESCRIPTION E

Trees of this biome include both Trees of this biome include both broadleaf, deciduous trees, such as broadleaf, deciduous trees, such as maple, oak, hickory, and beech, and maple, oak, hickory, and beech, and evergreens, such as hemlock, spruce, evergreens, such as hemlock, spruce, and fir. A deciduous forest typically and fir. A deciduous forest typically has three to four, and sometimes has three to four, and sometimes five, layers of plant growth. five, layers of plant growth.

PlantsPlants

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION F

Example

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION F

Example

Take the quiz ☺

It is a mix of temperature and precipitation

>Climate It is a type of forest characterized by

trees that seasonally shed their leaves

>Deciduous Rainforest Also known as brown forest soils>Alfisols

Take the quiz ☺

It is a zone that contains lichen, club mosses and true mosses

>The Ground zone What is the yearly average

temperature in a desiduous rainforest?>10°C What is the average rainfall (in inches)

a year?>30-60 inches

Take the quiz ☺

Give atleast 4 types of soil in a desiduous rainforest

>Alfisols>Utisols>Rocky Soils>Sandy Soils

End of Presentation of Group 1 ☺