Decision-making

• Decision-making can be regarded as the process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice that may or may not prompt action. Decision-making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Decision-making is one of the central activities of management and is a huge part of any process of implementation.

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ExampleA farmer with his wolf, goat, and cabbage come to the edge of a river they wish to cross. There is a boat at the river’s edge, but of course, only the farmer can row. The boat can only handle one animal/item in addition to the farmer. If the wolf is ever left alone with the goat, the wolf will eat the goat. If the goat is left alone with the cabbage, the goat will eat the cabbage. What should the farmer do to get across the river with all his possessions?

Organizational culture

• Organizational culture is the behavior of humans within an organization and the meaning that people attach to those behaviors.

Components of culture

The Importance of Culture in Organizations

• Every organization has its own culture. Since many employees spend 40 or more hours at their workplace, their organization’s culture obviously affects both their work lives as well as their personal lives. Organizational culture refers to the beliefs, ideologies, principles and values that the individuals of an organization share. This culture is a determining factor in the success of the organization.

Leadership

What is leadership?

Leading people

Influencing people

Commanding people

Guiding people

How Far Can You Go?

Common Activities

• Planning • Organizing• Directing • Controlling

• Initiates action-

• Motivation-• Providing guidance-• Creating confidence- • Morale-• Builds work environment-• Co-ordination