decision making and goal setting emm

DECISION MAKING AND GOAL DECISION MAKING AND GOAL SETTINGSETTING

Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel 11

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES At the end of the training, participants should be At the end of the training, participants should be

able to:able to: Define decision makingDefine decision making Explain and apply the steps in the decision-Explain and apply the steps in the decision-

making process making process Discuss the importance of decision making and Discuss the importance of decision making and

how it relates to sexualityhow it relates to sexuality Explain the factors that influence decision Explain the factors that influence decision

makingmaking

22Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel

Decision MakingDecision Making

Decision making is the process of providing Decision making is the process of providing appropriate solutions to most situations in life.appropriate solutions to most situations in life.

It is a process of selecting options from It is a process of selecting options from alternatives by making up one’s mind. Young alternatives by making up one’s mind. Young people make decisions as to what to wear, people make decisions as to what to wear, whether to take a bus to school or to trek, whether to take a bus to school or to trek, whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc.whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc.

Your decisions have consequences.Your decisions have consequences.


Importance of decision makingImportance of decision making

The identification of various options The identification of various options assists in learning more about us and assists in learning more about us and others.others.

It helps us identify our valuesIt helps us identify our values It helps on goal settingIt helps on goal setting It can minimize mistakesIt can minimize mistakes It allows us to take control over and It allows us to take control over and

responsibility for our actions.responsibility for our actions.Good decisions build self-esteem.Good decisions build self-esteem.


Factors that influence decision makingFactors that influence decision making

Values- what is right for me?Values- what is right for me? Goals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding to Goals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding to

abstain?abstain? Parental/family values- will my decision meet the Parental/family values- will my decision meet the

expectations of my family members?expectations of my family members? Information- do I know who or where to ask for Information- do I know who or where to ask for

information?information? Social/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by my Social/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by my

peers, media, religion etc?peers, media, religion etc? Ignorance- Am I well informed?Ignorance- Am I well informed? Circumstances/Situations- have I made a decision Circumstances/Situations- have I made a decision

simply because I want to prove a point?simply because I want to prove a point?


Three C’s to good decision makingThree C’s to good decision making

ChallengeChallenge (or decision) you are facing: (or decision) you are facing: Regard the decision you need to make as a Regard the decision you need to make as a challenge that needs to be overcome, for challenge that needs to be overcome, for example having a love relationshipexample having a love relationship

Choice:Choice: Identify the several choices from Identify the several choices from which you can choose.which you can choose.

ConsequencesConsequences of each choice: know the of each choice: know the positive and negative consequences of the positive and negative consequences of the options you have, i.e. consequences for options you have, i.e. consequences for teenage pregnancyteenage pregnancy


Barriers to decision makingBarriers to decision making

Pressure from friends and peer groupsPressure from friends and peer groups Lack of access to adequate information and Lack of access to adequate information and

factsfacts Lack of decision making skillsLack of decision making skills Inability to set goal and make plansInability to set goal and make plans Inability to clarify valuesInability to clarify values Low self esteemLow self esteem Lack of guidance and support from trusted Lack of guidance and support from trusted

adultsadults Use of alcohol and other drugsUse of alcohol and other drugs


How to overcome barriersHow to overcome barriers

Learn to be assertiveLearn to be assertive Clarify your valuesClarify your values Learn to identify alternatives and evaluate their Learn to identify alternatives and evaluate their

consequencesconsequences Set goals and plan towards achieving the goalsSet goals and plan towards achieving the goals Choose the option that is consistent with your values and Choose the option that is consistent with your values and

goalsgoals Seek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such as Seek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such as

counselors, health providers etccounselors, health providers etc Avoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because they Avoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because they

impede your ability to make good decisionsimpede your ability to make good decisions


How to improve decision-making skills How to improve decision-making skills (Model for decision making)(Model for decision making)

1.1. Identify the problemIdentify the problem2.2. Gather information about the problem. Gather information about the problem.

Know the alternativesKnow the alternatives3.3. Consider all the possible consequences: Consider all the possible consequences:

list the advantages and disadvantages of list the advantages and disadvantages of each alternativeeach alternative

4.4. Consider family and personal value: Consider family and personal value: Review your personal beliefs and family Review your personal beliefs and family vales in relation to the possible vales in relation to the possible alternatives.alternatives.


How to improve decision-making skills How to improve decision-making skills (Model for decision making)(Model for decision making)

5. 5. Consider the impact on other people:Consider the impact on other people: Consider Consider how your decision affects people around you.how your decision affects people around you.

6. Choose the option:6. Choose the option: based on the evaluation of based on the evaluation of the possible consequences and personal values the possible consequences and personal values choose the option that will have best outcome.choose the option that will have best outcome.

7. Implement the decision7. Implement the decision: decide and act on the : decide and act on the decision cautiously.decision cautiously.

8. Evaluate the outcome:8. Evaluate the outcome: one decision sometimes one decision sometimes leads to others and if the outcome was positive, it leads to others and if the outcome was positive, it may guide the others. If the decision was a poor may guide the others. If the decision was a poor one, you may want to change the decision.one, you may want to change the decision.


EvaluationEvaluation

What is decision making?What is decision making? Explain the 8 steps in decision making Explain the 8 steps in decision making

and apply the steps to a potential and apply the steps to a potential decision in your life.decision in your life.

What is the importance of making good What is the importance of making good sexuality decisions?sexuality decisions?


GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAt the end of the training, participants At the end of the training, participants

should be able to:should be able to:Define goals and explain the main types of Define goals and explain the main types of

goalsgoalsMention the characteristics of a good goalMention the characteristics of a good goalDiscuss the importance of goal settingDiscuss the importance of goal setting Identify and explain the basic steps in Identify and explain the basic steps in

achieving goalsachieving goals1212Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel

What is a Goal?What is a Goal?

A goal is something a person works to A goal is something a person works to accomplish.accomplish.

It can be described as a proposed It can be described as a proposed achievement or accomplish towards which achievement or accomplish towards which efforts are directed.efforts are directed.


Types of goalsTypes of goals

Long-term Goals:Long-term Goals: These are goals meant These are goals meant to be accomplished over a long period of to be accomplished over a long period of time e.g. 6 months, several years or over a time e.g. 6 months, several years or over a lifetimelifetime

Short-term Goals:Short-term Goals: are goals someone are goals someone sets to accomplish in a short period of sets to accomplish in a short period of time, such as one week, two weeks or a time, such as one week, two weeks or a month.month.


Characteristics of good goalsCharacteristics of good goals

Good goals should be ‘Good goals should be ‘SMARTSMART”, i.e.”, i.e. SS Specific: Know exactly what you want to Specific: Know exactly what you want to

achieveachieve MM Measurable: Progress made towards the Measurable: Progress made towards the

set goals must be measurableset goals must be measurable AA Achievable: Be sure the goal is something Achievable: Be sure the goal is something

you have the ability to accomplishyou have the ability to accomplish RR Realistic: Be sure the goal is something Realistic: Be sure the goal is something

you can do and within the desired time frameyou can do and within the desired time frame TT Time bound: Set time limitsTime bound: Set time limits


Importance of goal settingImportance of goal setting

It provides a guide for decision-makingIt provides a guide for decision-making It gives meaning and direction to one’s It gives meaning and direction to one’s

activities, it enables one to have an idea of activities, it enables one to have an idea of where one is goingwhere one is going

Achievement of goals increases one’s self Achievement of goals increases one’s self esteemesteem

It serves as motivationIt serves as motivation It serves as an action planIt serves as an action plan


Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal

Everyone should set goals for his/her life. It is Everyone should set goals for his/her life. It is easier to accomplish goals of one step is taken easier to accomplish goals of one step is taken at a time. All goals involve making decisions and at a time. All goals involve making decisions and there may be an element of risk-taking. there may be an element of risk-taking. Sometimes mistakes are made. Sometimes mistakes are made.

Determination and the ability to identify the Determination and the ability to identify the mistakes and necessary adjustments improve mistakes and necessary adjustments improve one’s chance of achieving the set goals. one’s chance of achieving the set goals.


Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal1.1. Identify your goal. Identify your goal. Know exactly what you want Know exactly what you want

to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am I doing?’ If I to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am I doing?’ If I start smoking, will it get me where I want to be or start smoking, will it get me where I want to be or what I want? If not, where is it taking me?what I want? If not, where is it taking me?

2.2. Look at the possible alternatives.Look at the possible alternatives. Figure out Figure out all your choices: possibly discuss the goal you all your choices: possibly discuss the goal you want to achieve with family members, trusted want to achieve with family members, trusted adults and friends so as to get their support and adults and friends so as to get their support and help.help.

3.3. Develop a plan of action. Develop a plan of action. Make plans and the Make plans and the necessary arrangements to achieve the goal of necessary arrangements to achieve the goal of choosing to succeed academically.choosing to succeed academically.


Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal

4. Set time limits4. Set time limits. Know exactly when you . Know exactly when you want to accomplish your goal.want to accomplish your goal.

5. Take one step at a time.5. Take one step at a time.

6. Evaluate your progress6. Evaluate your progress

7. Continue with your plans- 7. Continue with your plans- do not give do not give up.up.


Effects of achieving set goalsEffects of achieving set goals

It increases self –esteem because you It increases self –esteem because you have accomplished somethinghave accomplished something

It motivates you to set further goals and It motivates you to set further goals and accomplish other tasksaccomplish other tasks

You develop self-confidenceYou develop self-confidence It makes you happy: possibly makes It makes you happy: possibly makes

others (like family) proudothers (like family) proudYou feel fulfilledYou feel fulfilled


Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals

Low self-esteemLow self-esteem Inability to identify the importance Inability to identify the importance Peer pressurePeer pressure Setting unrealistic and immeasurable Setting unrealistic and immeasurable

goalsgoals Procrastination Procrastination


Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals

Lack of informationLack of information Changes in one’s life circumstancesChanges in one’s life circumstances Changes in one’s valuesChanges in one’s values Lack of ambitionLack of ambition Fear of failureFear of failure


EvaluationEvaluation

What is the importance of goal setting?What is the importance of goal setting? How does a person achieve a goal?How does a person achieve a goal? What are the steps to achieving a goal?What are the steps to achieving a goal?


THANK YOUTHANK YOU


decision making and goal setting emm

Self Improvement

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