decision support for crowd management...humane workshop, oxford humane: co-funded by the eu horizon...
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HUMANE Workshop, Oxford
1HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Decision support for crowd management
21 March 2017
Dr J Brian Pickering, IT Innovation Centre, University of Southampton
2HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Michael Foran [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Circumstances can force almost anyone to be a bystander to evil,but they can also bring out our own inner hero (Franco & Zimbardo, 2006-2007)
[…] there was no evidence of mass panic on July 7th, almost nopersonally selfish behaviour amongst survivors (despite survivor guilt), and plenty ofevidence of mutual helping and even self-sacrifice. (Drury & Cocking, 2007)
Research has shown that the behaviour of people in fires and other emergencies is characterized by internally rational, socially and cognitively structured action. (Donald & Canter, 1992)
eVACUATE: a social scientist’s picnic
3HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
http://www.evacuate.eu/
EMERGENCY
SERVICES
SPECIAL
SERVICES
AD HOC & SECURE
NETWORK
4HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
“SENSORS”
OPERATIONS
DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEMUSER DEVICES
CAMERAS
SENSORSOPERATIONAL
STAFFEVACUEES
SEEDS
OUTGROUP
MOTIVATION
AGENCY
TRUST
HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Normal Operational Mode
During a Crisis
Complex Human-Machine Networks are always subject to change –planned, expected,
serendipitous
There needs to be a way to represent and understand
that change
But there’s also a need to consider underlying factors
and drivers for that network:
• Motivation• Agency• Trust
Decision support: an ethical dilemma
6HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
or legal?
7HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
“SENSORS”
OPERATIONS
DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEMUSER DEVICES
CAMERAS
SENSORS
OPERATIONAL
STAFF
MOTIVATION AGENCY TRUST
What information could we and should we be
collecting?
What devices can and should we access?
What decisions are possible? And what should be allowed?
Who is really responsible and for what?
8HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
MOTIVATION AGENCY TRUST
PERCEIVED RISK
REGULATION
Hildebrandt (2015, 2016) and others continue to
caution about the power of technology to be able to
process data and make decisions about users.
Regulation tends to focus on empowering users to make appropriate and
informed decisions. Though they may not be
willing (http://meaningfulconsent.
org) or able to exercise that right appropriately
(Miltgen, 2015).
Agency: who’s in control?
9HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
10HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Human and Machine Agency may be
complementary? How does the one affect the
other?
MOTIVATION
AGENCY
TRUSTPERCEIVED RISKREGULATION
This is what I want to
do…
This is what I need to
do…
This is what needs to be
done …
What does the
technology allow?
What can it do better?
What can it help me do?
What is possible
with this HMN?
SELF-EFFICACY
Trust: why might HMNs succeed?
11HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
12HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Behaviour in HMN
MOTIVATION
HUMAN AGENCY
TRUST
MACHINE AGENCY
REGULATION PERCEIVED RISK
SELF-EFFICACY
Social Norms
Implications Recommendations Design Solutions
EMERGENCY
SERVICES
SPECIAL
SERVICES
AD HOC & SECURE
NETWORK
13HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
“SENSORS”
OPERATIONS
DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEMUSER DEVICES
CAMERAS
SENSORSOPERATIONAL
STAFFEVACUEES
SEEDS
OUTGROUP
OPTIMISE SELF-EFFICACY VIA COLLABORATIVE
INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMANS AND MACHINES
FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRUST TO
ENCOURAGE THE ADOPTION OF THE HMN AND
ENABLE EFFICIENT ACTIVITY AS FACILITATION OF
COLLABORATIVE WORK WHERE EACH ACTOR IS
SUPPORTED TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS…
Conclusions and further work
14HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
15HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
We’ve demonstrated the potential of the HUMANE
approach through use case engagement and
subsequent analysis
But the benefit of a structured analytical
approach to HMN characterisation is not
confined to the facilitation of cross disciplinary
communication or the identification of common
design solutions
Regulation needs to be understood for what it is and what it means.
Empowerment is probably not helpful
We need to design networks which will allow us to capitalise on our full potential (Norman, 2010)
Moving forward means designing effective and successful HMNs which
allow for social interaction and emergent behavioiur
http://humane2020.eu/
16HUMANE: Co-funded by the EU Horizon 2020-programme, G.A. number 645043
Dr. J Brian Pickering, IT Innovation Centre, University of Southampton
Professional network
NETWORKS OF NETWORKS