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UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGDEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION

ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT

TITLE OF PROJECT: VEHICLE TRACKING

USINGGPS

NAME: GICHANA MARTIN OGETO

ADM NO: F17/37585/2010

YEAR OF STUDY: 5TH YEAR

PROJECT SUPERVISOR: MR. AHMED SAYYID

EXAMINER: PROF. ELIJAH MWANGI

DUE DATE: Thursday, April 23, 2015Project leading to the award of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Information Engineering

DECLARATIONOF ORIGINALITY

GICHANA MARTIN OGETO

F17/37585/2010

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Information Engineering

VEHICLE TRACKING USING GPS

i. I understand what plagiarism is and I am aware of the university policy in this regard.

ii. I declare that this final year project is my own originality work and has not been

submitted elsewhere for examination, award of a degree or publication. Where other

peoples work, or my own work has been used, this has properly been acknowledged

and referenced in accordance with the University of Nairobi`s requirements.

iii. I have not sought or used the service of any professional agencies to produce the

work.

iv. I have not allowed, shall not allow anyone to copy this work with the intention of

passing it as his/her own work.

v. I understand that any false claim in respect of this work shall result in disciplinary

action, In accordance with University anti-plagiarism policy.

Signature: _________________________________

Date: _________________________________

i

DEDICATION

To my father and mother, David Okeyo Gichana and Zaveria Wanjiru Gichana together with my

brothers Kevin Mochiemo and Newton Mogaka and my girlfriend Renalda Mwanyuma.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am greatly indebted to a number of people without whose assistance and input this project could

not be a success.

I am more indebted to my supervisor, Mr. Ahmed Sayyid who guided me throughout the project ups

and downs. He remained as my great source of inspiration and always opened my way of looking at

things beyond what I could imagine as possible. Great thanks to all the lecturers and other staff

members who have assisted me during the course of my studies and also throughout the project

implementation period.

I am also thankful to the two most beloved women in my life, my mother and my girlfriend for their

continuous support both financially and emotionally during the entire life in campus. They stood by

me at times of need when I was almost losing it and helped me rise back to my feet.

To my beloved father for the life teachings that he gave me throughout my study in campus and for

being there to ensure I don’t lack motivation to better myself in this life time since we only live ones.

Lastly and most importantly, I would like to appreciate my classmates for their suggestions and

opinions on my project and to University of Nairobi for giving me the opportunity to study BSc.

Electrical and Information Engineering for five years and through Fablab to help me complete my

project.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY...............................................................................................................................I

DEDICATION.....................................................................................................................................................................II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................................III

TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................................IV

LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................................................................VI

LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................................................VII

ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................................................................VIII

ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................................................X

CHAPTER 1.......................................................................................................................................................................11

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION..............................................................................11

1.1 Global Positioning System.............................................................................................................................11

1.2 General Packet Radio Services......................................................................................................................12

1.3 Web Based Vehicle Tracking System.............................................................................................................12

1.4 System Components........................................................................................................................................13

1.5 GSM/GPS Module..........................................................................................................................................13

1.6 Web Design....................................................................................................................................................13

1.7 Database Design............................................................................................................................................14

1.8 Power Supply.................................................................................................................................................14

1.9 Netlight circuit...............................................................................................................................................15

1.10 Programming and Coding.............................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER 2.......................................................................................................................................................................17

2. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................17

2.1 Proposed System Description........................................................................................................................17

2.2 SIM908 Module..............................................................................................................................................18

2.3 ATMEGA328P-PU.........................................................................................................................................19

2.4 Sequence Diagram.........................................................................................................................................21

2.5 Database Design............................................................................................................................................22

CHAPTER 3.......................................................................................................................................................................24

3. SYSTEMS DESIGN..................................................................................................................................................24

3.1 SIM908 Interface connection.........................................................................................................................24

3.2 Power Supply Design.....................................................................................................................................26

3.3 Power on/off SIM908.....................................................................................................................................27

3.4 Charging Interface.........................................................................................................................................29

3.5 SIM card Interface.........................................................................................................................................31

3.6 GPIO Selection..............................................................................................................................................34

3.7 Design of Circuit PCB...................................................................................................................................36

CHAPTER 4.......................................................................................................................................................................38

4. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING..................................................................................................................38

4.1 SCHEDULING OF THE WHOLE PROJECT...............................................................................................38

4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................................43

4.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION...............................................................................................................47

CHAPTER 5.......................................................................................................................................................................50

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................................50

5.1 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................................50

5.2 Recommendation for future work...................................................................................................................50

APPENDIX...........................................................................................................................................................................I

APPENDIX A: PROGRAM CODE................................................................................................................................I

APPENDIX A 01: Index.html......................................................................................................................................i

APPENDIX A 02: config.php....................................................................................................................................vi

APPENDIX A 03: auth.php.......................................................................................................................................vi

APPENDIX A 04: client_index.php.........................................................................................................................vii

APPENDIX A 05: ATMEGA328P_P.........................................................................................................................x

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................XX

List of Figures

Figure 1. Web Based Vehicle Tracking System Overview..............................................................17

Figure 2. SIM908 Functional Diagram.............................................................................................18

Figure 3. ATMEGA328P-PU Functional Diagram..........................................................................20

Figure 4. Interaction between Application Layer and Database.......................................................21

Figure 5. Database Architecture Layers...........................................................................................23

Figure 6. SIM908 Circuit connection diagram.................................................................................25

Figure 7. Power supply circuit connection.......................................................................................26

Figure 8. Power on scenario timing diagram....................................................................................27

Figure 9. Power down scenario timing diagram...............................................................................28

Figure 10. Power Key input circuit connection to SIM908............................................................29

Figure 11. Charging module circuit................................................................................................30

Figure 12. Simcard circuit connection diagram..............................................................................31

Figure 13. ATMEGA328P-PU circuit connection diagram............................................................33

Figure 14. AVR SPI 6 pin connection diagram..............................................................................34

Figure 15. Netlight circuit connection diagram..............................................................................35

Figure 16. Status circuit connection diagram..................................................................................36

List of Tables

Table 1: SIMcard pin connections...................................................................................................31

Acronyms

GPS Global Positioning System

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

SIM Subscriber Identification Module

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile communications

DCS Digital Cellular Service

PCS Personal Communications Service

TTFF Time-To-First-Fix

CS Communication Service

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

XML Hypertext Mark-up Language

WAMP Windows Apache MySQL PHP

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

PCB Power Circuit Board

AT ATtention commands

MISO Master In Slave Out

MOSI Master Out Slave In

SCK Clock Signal from master to slave

GND Ground Signal

GPIO General Purpose Input/Output

MCU MicroController Unit

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

MIPS Million Instructions per Second

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

EEPROM Electrically Erasable PROgrammable Memory

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

I/O Input/Output

USART Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

ADC Analog Digital Conversion

DAC Digital Analog Conversion

CPU Central Processing Unit

ABSTRACT

The current position of the vehicle was acquired by a GPS device (SIM 908) which is integrated in

the target vehicle and the location coordinates are sent through GPRS service provided by the GSM

network. The GPS data are sent using Get method of HTTP protocol, the data at server side are

stored in a database tables and can be retrieved as request for position browsing on map. A web

application is developed using;

i. PHP

ii. JavaScript

iii. Ajax

iv. XML

v. MySQL

vi. Mozilla Firefox -32

All the above are embedded Google Map top retrieve and display web page.In this project, an

integrated cost effective web based GPS-GPRS vehicle tracking system was designed

andimplemented. The system enables enterprises owners to viewthe present and past positions

recorded of the target vehicle onGoogle Map through purpose designed web site. The currentposition

of the vehicle was acquired by GPS device which isintegrated in the target vehicle and the location

coordinatesare sent through GPRS service provided by the GSM network.

The GPS data are sent using Get method of HTTP protocol,the data at server side are stored in a

database tables and canbe retrieved as request for position browsing on map. A webapplication is

developed using PHP, JavaScript, XML,and MySQL with embedded Google Map to retrieve

anddisplay on the clients’ homepage the position and other track details.

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The GPS-GPRS based vehicle tracking system is one that makes use of the Global

Positioning System (GPS) to determine the precise location of a vehicle to which it is attached. I

therefore sought to design a cost effective web-based GPS-GPRS vehicle tracking system that

enables owners to view the present and past positions recorded of the target vehicle on Google Map

through a purpose designed website. With the rapidly increase in number of vehicles in Kenya, there

is an increase need of tracking your vehicle or fleet of vehicles due to the following reasons:

i. Increase in carjacking incidences that are unresolved by the police

ii. Increase in unrecovered stolen motor vehicles

iii. To know exactly where all your vehicles are and of what use they are being used for. It will

tell you what time your driver started, how long is being spent on breaks or whether the

vehicle is being used to pursue non-work related activities.

iv. Can be used to settle false claim or complaints against the company that may arise hence

prove indubitably where the vehicle was at the time of the alleged and thus demonstrate that

the claim is bogus.

A GPS-GPRS based tracking system gives all the specifications about the location of a

vehicle. The system utilizes geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning

Satellites.In order to track the movement of the vehicle Google Maps used for mapping the location.

The GSM modem fetches the GPS location and sends it to the server using GPRS.

The integration of GPS and GSM was first established using SMS as a method of

transmitting GPS coordinates. The inclusion of GPRS technology to transmit location coordinates to

a remote server facilitates the tracking of object remotely using any computer connected to the web.

1.1Global Positioning System

The GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time

information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed

line of sight to three or more GPS satellites. GPS technology can be described in terms of three

segments:

i. Space Segment: Consists of twenty-four satellites orbiting 11,000 nautical miles

above the earth.

11

ii. Control Segment: Consists of 5 ground stations around the globe that manage the

operational health of the satellites by transmitting orbital corrections and clock

updates.

iii. User Segment: Consists of various types of GPS receivers that can vary in complexity

and sophistication.

GPS receivers are able to identify their location when three GPS satellites triangulate and

measure the distance to the receiver and compare the measurements. A fourth satellite measures the

time to the receiver. The information from all four satellites is compiled to determine the location.

The sophistication of a GPS receiver impacts the reliability and accuracy of the GPS data received.

1.2General Packet Radio Services

General Packet Radio Service GPRS is a packet switched service based on Global System for

Mobile Communications GSM, an extensively deployed voice technology. GPRS is a 2.5 G cellular

network. It provides affordable and fast internet connections to service users. Billing is based on the

amount of data transferred rather than on the connection time. This is achieved by allocating

resources radio channels to users only when they need to send data. GPRS utilizes most nodes in an

existing GSM network; two additional nodes are introduced in the GSM network to support GPRS

Serving GPRS Support node SGSN and Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN, these two nodes

constitute the core network of a GPRS sub-network and they are connected through an IP based

GPRS backbone network.

1.3Web Based Vehicle Tracking System

The web based tracking system is a system designed using a combination of several modern

information and communications technologies. The system comprises of vehicle-mounted tracking

devices, a central server system and a web-based application. Through the system, users will have

the facility of monitoring the location graphically and other relevant information of vehicle. This

system is designed to serve enterprises with an unlimited number of vehicles and complex usage

requirements. The web based system enables user to browse location track on map through

developed web application embed Google Map and interact with database server for vehicles track

details. Using the web based system enables users with different operating system platforms to easily

reach the demanded details by the existence of internet access.

1.4System Components

The overall system functionality outcomes from interaction between the system components which

are:

i. Quad-band SIM908 GSM-GPS module

ii. Web application and purpose designed database

iii. Desktop application

1.5GSM/GPS Module

Quad-Band SIM908 module is used which combines GPS technology for satellite navigation

with worldwide known technology GSM. This module is configured to connect to navigation

satellite and gets GPS location at predetermined intervals and sends this information to web

application through GPRS service provided by GSM. The GSM/GPRS engine works on frequencies

GSM 850MHz; EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz. SIM908 supports the GPRS

coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. The GPS solution offers best- in-class acquisition and

tracing sensitivity, TTFF and accuracy. With a tiny configuration of 30*30*3.2mm, the device can

meet almost all the space requirements in user applications and is designed with power saving

technique so that the current consumption is as low as 1.0mA in sleep mode.

1.6Web Design

The overall functionality and usage eased using various web application development languages

where the interaction between several purposes designed applications resulted in complete integrated

system enables the users to reach and benefit of the system. The overall design goals of the web

application can be summarized in the following:

i. Define and manage all client accounts information by system administrator.

ii. Define, manage and browse all agents’ accounts information and tracking data by clients.

iii. Receive and identify tracking information from each device unit.

iv. Store tracking information received from tracking device to the related agent in the database.

v. Display track locations on electronic map through using several browsing types.

Generate reports of agent’s movements showing agent information and tracking details. Web

pages formatted using HTML elements. Appearances and text layout formatted using. HTML

embeds scripts such as JavaScript and PHP which performs functions and adds effects on the

behavior of HTML pages.

JavaScript performs all background operations and functions such as login checking, data

validation, and paging function; also JavaScript embeds Google Map API on the web site using key

and Google maps class provided by Google where vehicle locations coordination are presented.

Administration of accounts implemented using PHP functions; PHP commands can be embedded

directly into HTML source document rather than calling external file to process data. The

administration functions include adding, editing, deleting, browsing clients and agents accounts, and

formatting those accounts into tables. PHP used at the server side to store the received GPS data in

forms which is easier to examine and check relevant parts of received data. Detailed reports of

agents track also generated using PHP function where the relevant data are presented into table

contains agent basic information and detailed track including exact time and location coordination.

1.7Database Design

The database responsible for storing all system information including user login credentials, clients

information, agent information, and tracking data. Databases also enforce data integrity by ensuring

that data is collected and presented using a consistent format. For the system to be usable, it must

retrieve data efficiently. The need for efficiency has led to use complex data structures to represent

data in the database. The database architecture consists of the following layers:

i. Presentation layer: This is the topmost level of application. The presentation layer

displays information related services. The presentation layer communicates with other

tiers by outputting results to the browser/client tier and all other tiers in the network.

ii. Business Logic Layer, Data Access Layer (or middle layer): The logical layer is

pulled out from the presentation layer and, as its own layer; it controls an

application’s functionality by performing detailed processing. Another in-between

layer added to make benefit of the reusable set of functions performing database

operations, this is the DB Worker Layer.

iii. Data layer: This layer consists of database servers. Here the information is stored and

retrieved. This keeps data neutral and independent from application servers or

business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves scalability and performance.

1.8Power Supply

The power supply of SIM908 is from a single source of VBAT, its normal operating voltage

is from +3V to +5V. The peak working current can rise up to 2A during maximum power

transmitting period, which cause a voltage drop lower than 3V, and the module may will

automatically power down. In our Tracker, VBAT was set to 5V.

The input voltage to the power supply is 12V or 24V DC supply voltage, which a practical

values that a present in our motor vehicles on the roads. A suitable voltage regulator was chosen that

could regulate both 12V and 24V input to give a stable output of 5V.

1.9Netlight circuit

Status of the module during the power on/off will be done by the netlight circuit. After power

up, AT commands will not respond till the status pin change to high, and status pin will change to

low after the module is logged off from the base station in a power down procedure.

Netlight is a net status indicator. It can drive a transistor to control a LED which will blink

slowly or quickly according to different states.

1.10 Programming and Coding

In the design of a car tracker requires a lot of knowledge in various programming language to

ensure a coherent communication and storage of data. One has first of all design a desktop

application which will be the presentation layer. Here one has to know how to code and accurately

configure:

i. WAMP Server

ii. PHP as a scripting language

iii. HTML

With the interface designed and connected to a WAMP server, it has to get data from the

tracker to process and map on the website. The tracker has a microprocessor chip and a SIM908

modem module that have also to be programmed to be able to communicate together with each other

and send coordinates to the server. For this to happen successfully one has to be able to program the

microprocessor and the modem using:

i. Atmel for the micro-processor

ii. AT commands for the SIM908

CHAPTER 2

2. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

2.1Proposed System Description

This proposed car tracking system will be well equipped and up to date with cutting edge

technology. What it does best is to be cost effective and readily available to its users since the

components used are readily available to the public and can easily be purchased without government

restrictions.

In this project, we build a GPS tracker with integrated Google maps. The GPS chip outputs

the position information of the car which is transferred over GPRS link to a mobile operator`s GGSN

and then to a remote server over HTTP connection. The HTTP server stores the incoming positional

data in a MySQL database. When a client logs in to the tracking webpage, a PHP web application

embedded with JavaScript code. The JavaScript runs in the browser and integrates this information

into Google Maps through Google Maps API which displays the position on a map. Since the

positional information is retrieved every second and the maps updated at the same frequency, a real

time GPS tracking effect is achieved.

Figure 1. Web Based Vehicle Tracking System Overview

2.2SIM908 Module

This module has different functional parts that makes it best suited to be used as a car tracker

in this project, these are:

i. The GSM baseband engine

ii. The GPS engine

iii. Flash

iv. The GSM radio frequency part

v. The antenna interface

vi. Power management unit

The above are the main functional parts of the SIM908 module.

Figure 2. SIM908 Functional Diagram

2.3ATMEGA328P-PU

This MCU is a low-power CMOS 8-bit MCU based on the AVR enhanced RISC

architecture. By executing powerful instructions in asingle clock cycle, the MCU achieves

throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz that allowed me to optimize power consumption and

processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working

registers. All the32 registers are directly connected to the ALU, allowing two registers to be

accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resultingarchitecture is more

code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional microcontrollers.

The MCU has a in-System programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 1K

bytes EEPROM,2K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32general purpose working registers,

three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internaland external interrupts, a serial

programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface,an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit

ADC, a programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power

savingmodes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2

wireSerial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down

modesaves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until

thenext interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to

run,allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The

ADCNoise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and

ADC,to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the

crystal/resonatorOscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast

start-up combined with low power consumption.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory

technology.TheOn-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System

through an SPIserial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-

chip Boot program running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download

theapplication program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section

willcontinue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-

Writeoperation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on

amonolithic chip, the ATMEGA328P-PU is a powerfulmicrocontroller that provides a highly

flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Below is a finctional diagram of the ATMEGA328P-PU used in this project.

Figure 3. ATMEGA328P-PU Functional Diagram

2.4Sequence Diagram

This is a pictorial representation of how the different users will be interacting with the

system. It is a general overview of how each of them queries the system for a desired function

including:

i. Login to the website

ii. Logout from the website

iii. Registration of user

iv. Listing of users

v. Tracking record listing

This sequence diagram makes it easy to understand how the website interacts between the

application layer and the database. All user interactions designed to be through presentation layer,

were information related accounts administration and tracking on map displayed in forms of HTML

web pages. The figure below shows the interaction between application layer and database.

Figure 4. Interaction between Application Layer and Database

2.5Database Design

The database responsible for storing all system information including:

i. user login credentials

ii. clients information

iii. agent information

iv. tracking data

Databases also enforce data integrity by ensuring that data is collected and presented using a

consistent format. For the system to be usable, it must retrieve data efficiently. The need for

efficiency has led to use complex data structures to represent data in the database. The database

architecture consists of the following layers:

i. Presentation layer;this is the topmost level of application. The presentation

layer displays information related services. The presentation layer

communicates with other tiers by outputting results to the browser/client tier

and all other tiers in the network.

ii. Business Logic Layer;data Access Layer, the logical layer is pulled out from

the presentation layer and, as its own layer; it controls an application’s

functionality byperforming detailed processing. Another in-betweenlayer

added to make benefit of the reusable set of functions performing database

operations, this is the DB Worker Layer.

iii. Data layer;this layer consists of database servers. Here the information is

stored and retrieved. This keeps data neutral and independent from application

servers or business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves scalability

and performance.

The figure below presents the database architecture indicating to all database layers.

Figure 5. Database Architecture Layers

CHAPTER 3

3. SYSTEMS DESIGN

3.1SIM908 Interface connection

SIM908 is the modem module of choice for this project. It’s the latest SIMCom modem

module and has a lot of in built functions that can be advantageous in the design of a car tracker. The

module was connected as shown below and various connections done described in detail henceforth.

Initially, the SIM908 module is initialized to start gathering GPS data from the satellite;

device initiation is done using AT commands and includes GPS and GSM module; to turn on the

GPS, first it is powered on and put in reset mode then in the worm mode where the module become

ready for receiving coordinates from satellite. The GPRS is next turned on; the process includes

GPRS power on, setting APN of service provider, initiating HTTP protocol, and setting protocol

method (Get method). Device initialization process may take up to 1 minute to worm up and

calculate the accurate position. In the SIM908 module initialization process, the process starts with

powering the module and setting the reset mode, the wormto the provider. In case of network un-

availability, theacquisitioned GPS coordinates and other data such as timeand speed are stored

temporarily until the network returnsback to service then the stored coordinates are sent withtheir

time stamp and speed.

Figure 6. SIM908 Circuit connection diagram

3.2Power Supply Design

The power range of SIM908 is from 3.2V to 4.8V. The transmitting burst will cause voltage

drop and the power supply must be able to provide sufficient current up to 2A. For the DC car power

input, a bypass capacitor of 100µF was used and placed as close as possible to SIM908 DC input

pins.

Since there is a high drop-out between input and desired output, a DC-DC power supply will

be preferable because of its better efficiency especially with the 2A peak current in burst mode of the

module.

During the power supply design, attention was paid to power losses. The voltage was never

allowed to drop below 3.1V even when current consumption rises to 2A in the transmit burst since

the module would shut down automatically. The PCB traces from the VBAT pins to the power

supply should be wide enough to decrease Voltage drops in transmit burst. The bypass capacitor was

placed close to the module as possible.

The single 3.7V Li-ion cell battery can be connected to SIM908 VBAT pins directly. A Li-

ion 3.7V 1000mAh battery was chosen with a limited charge voltage of 4.2V.

When battery is used, the total impedance between battery and VBAT pins should be less

than 150mΩ, this was confirmed by use of a digital multimeter.

Figure 7. Power supply circuit connection

3.3Power on/off SIM908

When powering on SIM908 we pull down the PWRKEY pin for at least 1 second and

release. This pin is already pulled up to 3V in the module internal, so there was no need to have an

external pull up.

The power on scenarios is illustrated as in the figure below:

Figure 8. Power on scenario timing diagram

When power on procedure is completed, SIM908 will send RDY (ready) command to

indicate that the module is ready to operate at a fixed baud rate but since we are not using a screen,

we will use the status and netlight indicator. In this mode during normal operation, all operations and

AT commands are available.

The SIM908 will automatically turn on when the car battery is connected to the switched off

SIM908 of which VBAT pin voltage is greater than 3.2V. SIM908 will go into the charge –only

mode. In this mode, the module does not register to the network, and has a few AT commands

available.

When the module is powered on using the VCHG signal, SIM908 status pin LED

continuously lights red. This only occurs when the car battery is discharged or doesn’t supply

enough voltage to power on the module.

SIM908 will be powered down in the following situations:

i. Normal power down procedure using PWRKEY pin.

ii. Normal power down using AT command “AT+CPOWD=1”.

iii. Abnormal power down during under/over voltages automatic power down.

iv. Abnormal power down during over/under temperature automatic power down.

When powering down SIM908, we pull down the PWRKEY pin for at least 1 second and

release. The power down scenario is illustrated in the following figure:

Figure 9. Power down scenario timing diagram

This procedure makes the module log off from the network and allows the software to enter

into a secure state to save data before shut down. At this moment, AT commands cannot be executed

any more. Power down mode will therefore be indicated by STATUS pin, which is at low level at

this time.

The following is the power on key circuit:

Figure 10. Power Key input circuit connection to SIM908

3.4Charging Interface

SIM908 has integrated a charging circuit inside the module for Li-ion batteries charging

control, which makes it very convenient for battery charging support.

SIM908 has optimized the charging algorithm for the Li0Ion battery that meets the following

characteristics listed below:

i. The maximum voltage of the Li-Ion battery pack is 4.2V and the recommended

capacity is 1100mAh if exceeded the battery pack will take longer to charge.

ii. The battery pack should have a protection circuit to avoid overcharging,deep

discharging and over current, and the circuit should be insensitive to pulsed current.

iii. The internal resistance of the battery including protection circuit should be as low as

possible. In our case it should not exceed 150mΩ.

iv. The battery pack should be protected from reserve pole connection.

There are three pins in SIM908 related to battery charging function: there are VCHG, VBAT

and TEMP_BAT/ADC0 pins. The VCHG pin is driven by an external voltage, system can use this

pin to detect a charger supply and provide most charging current through SIM908 module to battery

when charging is in fast charge state. VBAT pin gives charging current to external battery from

SIM908 module. TEMP_BAT pin is used to measure the battery temperature; this pin was left open

since temperature of battery is not our concern.

A common connection is shown in the following figure:

Figure 11. Charging module circuit

3.5SIM card Interface

The SIM interface complies with the GSM specifications (phase 1 and phase 2). The SIM

interface is powered from an internal regulator in the module. There is no need of a pull up resistor

on the SIM_DATA line is already added in the modules internal design. The following table shows

pin connections of SIM card interface.

Table 1: SIMcard pin connections

Pin Name Signal Description

C1 SIM-VDD SIM card power supply

C2 SIM-RST SIM card reset

C3 SIM-CLK SIM card clock

C4 SIM-DATA SIM card data I/O

C5 VPP Not connected

C6 GND Connect to ground(GND)

The following is a circuit design for the SIM card interface:

Figure 12. Simcard circuit connection diagram

3.4 ATMEGA328P-PU interface connection

A supply voltage of 5V was supplied to the microcontroller as per design specification to the

three power pins VCC, AVCC, and AREF from the power supply circuit. VCC is the digital supply

voltage, AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D converter, PC3:0 and ADC7:6. It is connected

to the VCC externally regardless of whether the pins are used or not. The AREF is the analog

reference pin for the A/D converter.

Port B is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull up resistors. They can therefore be

used as both inputs and outputs. For this reason they are used to program the ATMEGA328P-PU

using pins PB3, PB4 and PB5 as MOSI, MISO and SCK respectively.

Port C6/RESET is used as an I/O pin. In our case PC6 was used as a reset input. A low level

on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset even if the clock is not

running. We need to use an external 10KΩ pull-up resistor to the reset pin.

Port D is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull up resistors, this is the reason pins

PD0 and PD1 were used as transmission and reception pins. The port D output buffers have

symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability, this is the reason why

port PD5 was used to power the SIM908 module. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled

low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The port D pins are tri-stated when a

reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

All ground connections are shorted and connected to GND.

To be able to program the microcontroller, a six pin AVR_SPI connector was integrated in

the design circuit of the tracker and was connected as shown on the diagram.

Figure 13. ATMEGA328P-PU circuit connection diagram

Figure 14. AVR SPI 6 pin connection diagram

3.6GPIO Selection

3.6.1 NETLIGHT Circuit

This is a net status indicator. It can drive a transistor to control a LED which will blink

slowly or quickly according to different states. The module cannot drive the LED directly on its own

hence the need of the transistor.

NETLIGHT has a dedicated pin in the SIM908. The circuit below is the circuit responsible

for netlight in the design.

Figure 15. Netlight circuit connection diagram

3.6.2 STATUS Circuit

This pin is used to monitor the module status during the power on/off process. After power

up, AT commands will not respond till the status pin change to high and change to low after the

module is logged off from the base station in the power down procedure. STATUS pin has a

dedicated pin in SIM908 and was connected to GPIO of the MCU.

Figure 16. Status circuit connection diagram

3.7Design of Circuit PCB

Using the schematic diagram from EAGLE 7.2.0 a PCB design was extrapolated and the

PCB layout was done. As per the design there are various factors that were considered while

carrying out the design layout with special considerations for the SIM908 module. A good PCB

layout will help improve the whole performance, including reliability and efficiency. These factors

that were considered are as follows:-

i. The power trace should be short and wide, it is recommended to be routed above

12.5mil and was easily done by manually routing the power traces.

ii. The layout of ground is of great importance. A whole ground layer is the best for the

module performance if it is possible. Some noise interference signal is shielded by the

ground.

The PCB drawn with the above considerations is as follows.

Figure 17. PCB design layout of vehicle tracker using GPS

CHAPTER 4

4. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 SCHEDULING OF THE WHOLE PROJECT

The project had various tasks that were carried from commencement to completion. A

Gantt chart was developed to keep track of project progress. Project tasks were listed against

their estimated start and completion times to accurately complete the project within the

estimated time. However there were delays in the implementation of the project due to the

fact that SIM908 was not readily available in the local market and had to be imported which

took a long time almost a month. The Gantt chart used was as below:

4.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

The software design was implemented first from the application layer. The design of

the homepage was simple and could easily be understood and used by most users. It had few

links to navigate through the website. My home page interface was implemented as follows:

Figure 18. Home page of the website

The client will login and the interface below will appear as the figure shown below. It will

contain all the parameters captured by SIM908 GPS module. This parameters include speed,

time and date, course, longitude and latitude that are displayed using the google embedded maps

which was optimized to be 1000px by 500px in dimension.

43

Figure 19. Client login index page

After completion of the interface implementation, PHP scripts were programmed to do all the

form handling that are done with the administrator and the agent. The scripts also were used to

handle POST and GET functions to and from the database.

The admin interface is as shown below:

Figure 20. Admin index page

Figure 21. Admin page listing enrolled agents

Alongside programming the interface design on my computers localhost, I also programmed my

database phpMyAdmin and created four tables as shown below:

Figure 22. Megawcoc_cartracker database with admin login details table

Figure 23. Megawcoc_cartracker database with agent details table

Figure 24. Megawcoc_cartracker database with client details table

4.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Hardware implementation started with developing the board. The following procedure was followed to develop the board and later components mounted on the board.

i. Circuit was prepared and printed on a transparent film layout paper.ii. The board was cut to the desired size and the black protection film was pilled of and the

board exposed in the Kinsten Exposure box on both sides for 60seconds iii. In the process of developing, one litre of sodium hydroxide was poured into a tray and the

exposed board suspended in the developer. The board was agitated until the artwork was clear. The board was then rinsed with running water to completely wash away the developer.

iv. The parts that were not clearly visible were enhanced using a permanent mark pen.v. The board was then immersedfor eight minutes in Kinsten etching tank that had been turned

on for 30 minutes to warm the ferric chloride to a temperature of about (50-60C). vi. The board was then removed and rinsed for 15minutes.

vii. Appropriate holes were drilled to complete the design of the PCB ready for mounting.viii. Components were then mounted on the PCB and the circuit was ready.

Figure 25. The front side of PCB design

Figure 26. The backside of the PCB design

CHAPTER 5

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The main objective of the project was to develop a GPS tracking system that uploads a set of

given parameters to a database server through a GGSN network to a website where it can be viewed

remotely. The expected results were obtained as it can be evident as analysed as in CHAPTER 4

above.

5.2 Recommendation for future work

The recommendations for future work are as follows:

i. Investigate how to protect the data collected on the website by making sure users only get to

access only those devices that they are authorized to. Generally increased security to protect

Vehicle tracker identity.

ii. To develop a mobile application for the different types of mobile Operating Systems rather

than just using a desktop application.

iii. Developing a means to show track record of where the vehicle has been rather than just the

position it is located.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A: Program Code

There are two distinct important programs that are responsible for the functionality of the system, these

are:

i. The web server program which handles the recording and displaying of the data posted by the

GPS module via GGSN network. The web server program is divided into various parts but will

only list the most important parts, namely:

a) Index.html that handles the client user interface.

b) The config.php and auth.php both of which handles establishment and

authentication of HTTP connection between the module and the server.

c) gpsinsert.php which handles the entry of the data posted by the GPS module

to the megawcoc_cartracker database in the tracklog table.

d) client_index.php that contains the google embedded maps that shows the map

and given parameters to the client.

ii. The microcontroller program that controls the GPS module to get a fix, send the fix through

GGSN network to the webserver(database and client_index.php)

APPENDIX A 01: Index.html

//homepage

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<title>CarTracker Home</title>

<meta name="keywords" content="Megawco tracking system" />

<meta name="description" content="Megawatt company is a new entrant in the tracking business, it

is well equipped with cutting edge technology to suit your needs." />

<meta name="keywords" content="Admin" />

<meta name="description" content="Admin should log in here!!!" />

<meta name="keywords" content="Agent" />

i

<h1><a href="#index.html" target="_parent">Car<strong>Tracker</strong><span>Always on the

look out!!</span></a></h1>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_sidebar">

<div id="templatemo_rss">

<a href="http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/microcontrollers_16-bit_32-bit/overview.page">SUBSCRIBE

NOW <br /><span>to our rss feed</span></a>

</div>

<h4>Client Login</h4>

<form id="loginForm" name="loginForm" method="post" action="client-exec.php">

<table width="250" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">

<tr>

<td width="112"><b>Username</b></td>

<td width="188"><input name="uname" type="text" class="textfield" id="uname" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><b>Password</b></td>

<td><input name="password" type="password" class="textfield" id="password" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> </td>

<td><input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Login" /></td>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

<div class="cleaner_h40"></div>

<h4>Adminstrator Login</h4>

<ul class="templatemo_list">

<li><a href="ADMIN/index.php" target="_parent">Adminstrator Login</a></li>

<li><a href="AGENT/index.php" target="_parent">Agent Login</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_right_column">

<div id="featured_project">

<div id="slider">

<ul id="sliderContent">

<li class="sliderImage">

<a href=""><img src="images/slider/1.jpg" alt="1" /></a>

<span class="top"><strong>THE GLOBE</strong><br />GPRS has made the whole to fit on your

hand.</span>

</li>


<a href=""><img src="images/slider/2.jpg" alt="2" /></a>

<span class="bottom"><strong>VIEW POINT</strong><br />The ability to connect and view the

whole world from the comfort of your home.</span>

</li>


<img src="images/slider/3.jpg" alt="3" />

<span class="left"><strong>NETWORKING</strong><br />Different GSM network providers all

link up all over the world by Satellites.</span>

</li>


<img src="images/slider/4.jpg" alt="4" />

<span class="right"><strong>SATELLITES</strong><br />The world has been put under a

microscope with the onset of satellites.</span>

</li>

<li class="clear sliderImage"></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

<div id="templatemo_main">

<p>The GPS-GPRS based vehicle tracking system is one that makes use of the Global Positioning

System (GPS) to determine the precise location of a vehicle to which it is attached. I therefore

sought to design a cost effective web-based GPS-GPRS vehicle tracking system that enables

owners to view the present and past positions recorded of the target vehicle on Google Map through

a purpose designed website. With the rapidly increase in number of vehicles in Kenya, there is an

increase need of tracking your vehicle or fleet of vehicles due to the following reasons:</p>

<ol>

<li>Increase in carjacking incidences that are unresolved by the police</li>

<li>Increase in unrecovered stolen motor vehicles </li>

<li>To know exactly where all your vehicles are and of what use they are being used for. It will tell

you what time your driver started, how long is being spent on breaks or whether the vehicle is being

used to pursue non-work related activities.</li>

<li>Can be used to settle false claim or complaints against the company that may arise hence prove

indubitably where the vehicle was at the time of the alleged and thus demonstrate that the claim is

bogus.</li>

</ol>

<p> A GPS-GPRS based tracking system gives all the specifications about the location of a

vehicle. The system utilizes geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning

Satellites. In order to track the movement of the vehicle Google Maps used for mapping the

location. The GSM modem fetches the GPS location and sends it to the server using GPRS. <br />

The integration of GPS and GSM was first established using SMS as a method of transmitting

GPS coordinates. The inclusion of GPRS technology to transmit location coordinates to a remote

server facilitates the tracking of object remotely using any computer connected to the web. </p>

</div>

<div class="cleaner"></div>

</div>



<div class="cleaner_h20"></div>

<div id="templatemo_footer">

Copyright © 2015 <a href="http://www.uonbi.ac.ke">UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

</a> |

<a href="#" target="_parent">Vehicle Tracking Device </a> by <a

href="https://www.facebook.com/gichana02" target="_parent">Gichana Martin(F17/37585/2010)

</a>

</div>

<div class="cleaner"></div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

APPENDIX A 02: config.php

<?php

define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');

define('DB_USER', 'megawcoc_client');

define('DB_PASSWORD', 'GKFyn%^c0_GN');

define('DB_DATABASE', 'megawcoc_cartracker');

?>

APPENDIX A 03: auth.php

<?php

//Start session

session_start();

//Check whether the session variable SESS_CLIENT_ID is present or not

if(!isset($_SESSION['SESS_CLIENT_ID']) || (trim($_SESSION['SESS_CLIENT_ID']) ==

''))

header("location: access-denied.php");

exit();

?>

APPENDIX A 04: client_index.php

<?phpif (!empty($_GET['latitude']) && !empty($_GET['longitude']) &&

!empty($_GET['time']) && !empty($_GET['satellites']) && !empty($_GET['speedOTG']) && !empty($_GET['course']))

function getParameter($par, $default = null) if (isset($_GET[$par]) && strlen($_GET[$par])) return $_GET[$par]; elseif (isset($_POST[$par]) && strlen($_POST[$par])) return $_POST[$par]; else return $default;

//$file = 'gps.txt'; $lat = getParameter("latitude"); $lon = getParameter("longitude"); $time = getParameter("time"); $sat = getParameter("satellites"); $speed = getParameter("speedOTG"); $course = getParameter("course"); $person = $lat.",".$lon.",".$time.",".$sat.",".$speed.",".$course."\n";

echo " DATA:\n Latitude: ".$lat."\n Longitude: ".$lon."\n Time: ".$time."\n Satellites: ".$sat."\n Speed OTG: ".$speed."\n Course: ".$course;

if (!file_put_contents($file, $person, FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX)) echo "\n\t Error saving Data\n"; else echo "\n\t Data Save\n"; else

?><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>Client Index</title><link href="loginmodule.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script>





<script src="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyChCCC5_hDzQbonSDvSngtZPQZd5YuMdvA&sensor=false"></script>



<script type="text/javascript"> var myCenter=new google.maps.LatLng(-1.29206586 ,36.82194647); var marker; var map; var mapProp;

function initialize() mapProp = center:myCenter, zoom:24, mapTypeId:google.maps.MapTypeId.HYBRID

; setInterval('mark()',4000);

function mark() map=new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("googleMap"),mapProp); var file = "gps.txt"; $.get(file, function(txt) var lines = txt.split("\n"); for (var i=0;i<lines.length;i++) console.log(lines[i]); var words=lines[i].split(","); if ((words[0]!="")&&(words[1]!="")) marker=new google.maps.Marker( position:new google.maps.LatLng(words[0],words[1]), ); marker.setMap(map); map.setCenter(new google.maps.LatLng(words[0],words[1])); document.getElementById('sat').innerHTML=words[3]; document.getElementById('speed').innerHTML=words[4]; document.getElementById('course').innerHTML=words[5]; marker.setAnimation(google.maps.Animation.BOUNCE); );

google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);</script></head><body><h1>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['SESS_TITLE_ID'];?><?php echo $_SESSION['SESS_FIRST_NAME'];?></h1><a href="member-profile.php">My Profile</a> | <a href="logout.php">Logout</a><?php echo '



<div><center><br />

<b> CAR TRACKER </b><br /><br /><div id="superior" style="width:1000px;border:1px solid;color:purple"><table style="width:100%"><tr><td>Time</td><td>Satellites</td><td>Speed OTG</td><td>Course</td></tr><tr><td id="time">'. date("Y M d - H:m") .'</td><td id="sat"></td><td id="speed"></td><td id="course"></td></tr></table></div><br /><br /><div id="googleMap" style="width:1000px;height:500px;"></div></center>

</div>'; ?></body>//<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script></html><?php ?>

APPENDIX A 05: ATMEGA328P_P

int8_t answer;

int onModulePin= 2;

char data[100];

int data_size;

char aux_str[30];

char aux;

int x = 0;

char N_S,W_E;

char url[] = "www.megawco.com";

char frame[200];

char latitude[15];

char longitude[15];

char altitude[6];

char date[16];

char time[7];

char satellites[3];

char speedOTG[10];

char course[10];

void setup()

pinMode(onModulePin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(115200);

Serial.println("Starting...");

power_on();

delay(3000);

// sets the PIN code

sendATcommand("AT+CPIN=****", "OK", 2000);

delay(3000);

// starts the GPS and waits for signal

while ( start_GPS() == 0);

while (sendATcommand("AT+CREG?", "+CREG: 0,1", 2000) == 0);

// sets APN , user name and password

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"Contype\",\"GPRS\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"apn\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"USER\",\"user_name\"", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"PWD\",\"password\"", "OK", 2000);

// gets the GPRS bearer

while (sendATcommand("AT+SAPBR=1,1", "OK", 20000) == 0)

delay(5000);

void loop()

// gets GPS data

get_GPS();

// sends GPS data to the script

send_HTTP();

delay(5000);

void power_on()

uint8_t answer=0;

// checks if the module is started

answer = sendATcommand("AT", "OK", 2000);

if (answer == 0)

// power on pulse

digitalWrite(onModulePin,HIGH);

delay(3000);

digitalWrite(onModulePin,LOW);

// waits for an answer from the module

while(answer == 0)

// Send AT every two seconds and wait for the answer

answer = sendATcommand("AT", "OK", 2000);

int8_t start_GPS()

unsigned long previous;

previous = millis();

// starts the GPS

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSPWR=1", "OK", 2000);

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSRST=0", "OK", 2000);

// waits for fix GPS

while(( (sendATcommand("AT+CGPSSTATUS?", "2D Fix", 5000) ||

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSSTATUS?", "3D Fix", 5000)) == 0 ) &&

((millis() - previous) < 90000));

if ((millis() - previous) < 90000)

return 1;

else

return 0;

int8_t get_GPS()

int8_t counter, answer;

long previous;

// First get the NMEA string

// Clean the input buffer

while( Serial.available() > 0) Serial.read();

// request Basic string

sendATcommand("AT+CGPSINF=0", "AT+CGPSINF=0\r\n\r\n", 2000);

counter = 0;

answer = 0;

memset(frame, '\0', 100); // Initialize the string


// this loop waits for the NMEA string

do

if(Serial.available() != 0)

frame[counter] = Serial.read();

counter++;

// check if the desired answer is in the response of the module

if (strstr(frame, "OK") != NULL)

answer = 1;

// Waits for the asnwer with time out

while((answer == 0) && ((millis() - previous) < 2000));

frame[counter-3] = '\0';

// Parses the string

strtok(frame, ",");

strcpy(longitude,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets longitude

strcpy(latitude,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets latitude

strcpy(altitude,strtok(NULL, ".")); // Gets altitude

strtok(NULL, ",");

strcpy(date,strtok(NULL, ".")); // Gets date

strtok(NULL, ",");

strtok(NULL, ",");

strcpy(satellites,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets satellites

strcpy(speedOTG,strtok(NULL, ",")); // Gets speed over ground. Unit is knots.

strcpy(course,strtok(NULL, "\r")); // Gets course

convert2Degrees(latitude);

convert2Degrees(longitude);

return answer;

/* convert2Degrees ( input ) - performs the conversion from input

* parameters in DD°MM.mmm’ notation to DD.dddddd° notation.

* Sign '+' is set for positive latitudes/longitudes (North, East)

* Sign '-' is set for negative latitudes/longitudes (South, West)

*

*/

int8_t convert2Degrees(char* input)

float deg;

float minutes;

boolean neg = false;

//auxiliar variable

char aux[10];

if (input[0] == '-')

neg = true;

strcpy(aux, strtok(input+1, "."));

else

strcpy(aux, strtok(input, "."));

// convert string to integer and add it to final float variable

deg = atof(aux);

strcpy(aux, strtok(NULL, '\0'));

minutes=atof(aux);

minutes/=1000000;

if (deg < 100)

minutes += deg;

deg = 0;

else

minutes += int(deg) % 100;

deg = int(deg) / 100;

// add minutes to degrees

deg=deg+minutes/60;

if (neg == true)

deg*=-1.0;

neg = false;

if( deg < 0 )

neg = true;

deg*=-1;

float numeroFloat=deg;

int parteEntera[10];

int cifra;

long numero=(long)numeroFloat;

int size=0;

while(1)

size=size+1;

cifra=numero%10;

numero=numero/10;

parteEntera[size-1]=cifra;

if (numero==0)

break;

int indice=0;

if( neg )

indice++;

input[0]='-';

for (int i=size-1; i >= 0; i--)

input[indice]=parteEntera[i]+'0';

indice++;

input[indice]='.';

indice++;

numeroFloat=(numeroFloat-(int)numeroFloat);

for (int i=1; i<=6 ; i++)

numeroFloat=numeroFloat*10;

cifra= (long)numeroFloat;

numeroFloat=numeroFloat-cifra;

input[indice]=char(cifra)+48;

indice++;

input[indice]='\0';

void send_HTTP()

// Initializes HTTP service

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPINIT", "OK", 10000);

if (answer == 1)

// Sets CID parameter

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPPARA=\"CID\",1", "OK", 5000);

if (answer == 1)

// Sets url

sprintf(aux_str, "AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://%s/demo_sim908.php?", url);

Serial.print(aux_str);

sprintf(frame, "visor=false&latitude=%s&longitude=%s&altitude=%s&time=%s&satellites=%s&speedOTG=%s&course=

%s",

latitude, longitude, altitude, date, satellites, speedOTG, course);

Serial.print(frame);

answer = sendATcommand("\"", "OK", 5000);

if (answer == 1)

// Starts GET action

answer = sendATcommand("AT+HTTPACTION=0", "+HTTPACTION:0,200", 30000);

if (answer == 1)

Serial.println(F("Done!"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error getting url"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error setting the url"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error setting the CID"));

else

Serial.println(F("Error initializating"));

sendATcommand("AT+HTTPTERM", "OK", 5000);

int8_t sendATcommand(char* ATcommand, char* expected_answer1, unsigned int timeout)

uint8_t x=0, answer=0;

char response[100];

unsigned long previous;

memset(response, '\0', 100); // Initialize the string

delay(100);

while( Serial.available() > 0) Serial.read(); // Clean the input buffer

Serial.println(ATcommand); // Send the AT command

x = 0;


// this loop waits for the answer

do

if(Serial.available() != 0)

response[x] = Serial.read();

x++;

// check if the desired answer is in the response of the module

if (strstr(response, expected_answer1) != NULL)

answer = 1;

// Waits for the asnwer with time out

while((answer == 0) && ((millis() - previous) < timeout));

return answer;

REFERENCES

[1] SIM908 AT Command Manual_Version 1.01 by SIMCom Tech company, China, 2011

[2] SIM908 Hardware Design Manual_V2.00 by SIMCom Tech company, China, 2013

[3] SIM908 Reference Design Guide_Application Note_Version 1.00 by SIMCom Tech

company, China, 2011-08-10

[4] www.ijcset.net - WEB BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM by Khalifa A. Salim et al |

IJCSET | December 2013 | Vol 3, Issue 12, 443-448 | ISSN: 2231-0711 443IV.

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