decoder/code converter circuit
TRANSCRIPT
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ECE 4104(Logic Circuits and Switching Theory)
Experiment No. 4Decoder/Code Converter Circuit
Submitted by:
GROUP # 3
BURGOS, Arman
DIOCADES, Erna Mae
FAIGONES, Russel
Lab. Schedule: Th 7:00 10:00 AM
Date Submitted: August 2012
Instructor: Engr. Ramon Alguidano Jr.
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I. OBJECTIVES
1. To be able to convert 8-4-2-1 code into gray code.
2. To be able to formulate the simplified minterm equation using karnaugh
mapping or Boolean algebra.
3. To be able to generate the truth table.
4. To construct the actual circuit as designed from the truth table description.
5. To verify the given truth table and test the individuality of each output by
recording the actual data of the circuit constructed.
6. To learn how to simulate the logical operations of the circuit using any
electronic simulation software and compare with the actual results.
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II. BASIC THEORY
Decoders
In digital electronics, a decoder can take the form of a multiple-input, multiple-
output logic circuit that converts coded inputs into coded outputs, where the input and
output codes are different e.g. n-to-2n , binary-coded decimal decoders. Decoding is
necessary in applications such as data multiplexing, 7 segment display and memory
address decoding.
The example decoder circuit would be an AND gate because the output of an
AND gate is "High" (1) only when all its inputs are "High." Such output is called as
"active High output". If instead of AND gate, the NAND gate is connected the output will
be "Low" (0) only when all its inputs are "High". Such output is called as "active low
output".
A slightly more complex decoder would be the n-to-2n type binary decoders.
These types of decoders are combinational circuits that convert binary information from
'n' coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique outputs. In case the 'n' bit coded
information has unused bit combinations, the decoder may have less than 2n outputs.
2-to-4 decoder, 3-to-8 decoder or 4-to-16 decoder are other examples.
The input to a decoder is parallel binary number and it is used to detect the
presence of a particular binary number at the input. The output indicates presence or
absence of specific number at the decoder input.
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A decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary information from n input
lines to a maximum of 2n output lines. Logic circuit implementation with basic logic
gates involves obtaining simplified Boolean expressions for each output.
Implementation with MSI decoders is very simple and straightforward and may require a
few external gates. The implementation of functions F = (1, 2, 3) and G = (5, 6, 7,
8, 9) using a 4 x 16 decoder is shown below. Since a decoder generates minterms at its
outputs we need only to sum the minterms for which F and G are 1. Hence, we require
OR gates to produce F and G.
If the decoder is constructed using NAND gates, then it has active low outputs. In this
case, NAND and/or AND gates could be used to sum the minterms of F and G.
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Code Converters
A code converter is a circuit that makes two digital systems using different codes for the
same information compatible even though each uses a different code. To convert from
binary code A to binary code B, the input lines must supply the bit combination of
elements as specified by code A and the output lines must generate the corresponding
bit combination of code B.
The circuit for this code converter can be implemented using basic logic gates or with
available MSI devices such as Decoders, and Multiplexers. The unused input
combinations can be treated as dont cares.
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III. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
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IV. EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS/COMPONENT NEEDED
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V. PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
1) Given the 8-4-2-1 code, convert it into gray code using any simplification
technique. Generate the truth table and output of the gray code.
Using Boolean Algebra:
1st
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'AB'CD+'ABC'D+'ABCD+A'B'C'A+A'B'CD
F(A,B,C,D) = 'ABD+A'B'C+'ABC
2nd
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'AB'C'A+'AB'CD
F(A,B,C,D) ='AB'C
3rd
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'A'BC'D+'A'BCD+'AB'C'D+'AB'CD+'ABC'D+'ABCD
F(A,B,C,D) = 'AB+'AC
4th
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'A'B'CD+'A'BC'D+'ABCD+A'B'C'D
F(A,B,C,D) = 'B'C(AD)+ 'AC' (BD)
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2) Test the individuality of each output using actual practice and simulation
software.
Using TINA: (1ST Bit)
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2ND Bit:
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3RD Bit:
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NI Simulation:
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Actual Results:
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VI. OBSERVATION
During the conduction of this experiment the group has noted the following
observations:
It was found out that a certain coded output can be specified by a code
converter logic circuit with different input.
The said code converter can be made with multiple inputs and outputs.
In this experiment an 8421 coded input is converted into gray code.
The said circuit was implemented with basic logic gates using integrated
circuits 7404, 7408, 7432 and 7486.
It was noted that the implemented circuit involves obtaining simplified
Boolean expressions for each output as part of the gray code.
Actual outputs were verified as the resulting data were similar to that of the
results from the simulation process.
Moreover, similar results were also observed by doing a written Boolean
algebra simplification.
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VII. CONCLUSION
After conducting this experiment regarding the decoder or code converter, the
group therefore concludes that a decoder can take the form of a multiple-input,
multiple-output logic circuit that converts coded inputs into different coded outputs. In
this case an 8421 code was converted to gray code.
The mentioned decoder logic circuit was implemented with basic logic gates
using Integrated circuits 7404, 7408, 7432 and 7486. This circuit involves obtaining
simplified Boolean expressions for each output as part of the gray code.
Results from both simulation and written processes such as the Karnaugh
mapping and Boolean algebra simplification proved the actual results to be valid
and correct for they are similar.
Moreover, the group has learned how to make a decoder logic circuit that
convert 8-4-2-1 code into gray code by formulating its simplified minterm equation
using Karnaugh mapping or Boolean algebra basing on the truth table description
and then constructing the actual circuit designed based on simplified equation
obtained. The group was able to verify the individuality of each output by recording
the actual data of the circuit constructed.
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VIII. DESIGN PROBLEM
Design a code converter circuit that converts 8-4-2-1 to 6-3-1-1 code. Show Boolean algebra,
Karnaugh mapping, truth table and the simulation.
A B C D 6 3 1 1 Code
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Boolean Algebra
1st
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'ABC'D+'ABCD+A'B'C'D+A'B'CD
F(A,B,C,D) = 'ABC+A'B'C
2nd
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'A'BCD+'AB'C'D+'AB'CD+A'B'CD
F(A,B,C,D) = 'BD(AC)+'AB'C
3rd
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'A'BC'D+'AB'CD+A'B'C'D
F(A,B,C,D) = 'B'D(AC)+'AB'CD
4th
Bit
F(A,B,C,D) = 'A'B'CD+'A'BC'D+'AB'C'D
+'AB'CD+'ABCD+A'B'C'D
F(A,B,C,D) = 'AB'C+'B'D(AC)'AD' (BC)
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