decommissioning offshore - evolen · 2019. 4. 15. · global offshore decommissioning market -...

DECOMMISSIONING OFFSHORE

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INTRODUCTION

• De nombreuses plateformes arrivent en fin de vie en mer du Nord• Il s’agit principalement de plateformes fixes, posées sur jacket• Le décommissioning de ces plateformes est nécessaire• Le décommissioning passe par:

- Le bouchage et l’abandon des puits (Plug & Abandonment) - La désinstallation des Topsides- La désinstallation du jacket

• L’objet de cette présentation de présenter le décommissioning des plateformes fixes dans ces grandes lignes avec une illustration du Projet Gaviota

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INTRODUCTION

Topsides

Jacket

Puits

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Localisation des Plateformes fixes

2,6432,643

490490

380380950950

700700

340340

Au Royaume Uniseulement on a:

- 260 plateformes- 2.4M T d’acier- 5 000 puits ont été forés

- 930 à abandoner d’ici 2020- 58% à partir de plateformes fixes

Estimation du marché du Décommissioning

(Mer du Nord)

$70 Milliards

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BOUCHAGE ET ABANDON DE PUITS

Pendant toute opération liée à un puits, il faut toujours avoir deux barrières de sécurité:- Première barrière: isole la formation- Deuxième barrière: back up de la première

Dans le cas d’un abandon, il faut positionner ces barrière le plus près possible de la source.

Les barrières doivent être testées et leur intégrité dans le temps assurée.

Toutes les zones perméables doivent être isolées les unes des autres et de la surface par au moins une barrière,

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ABANDON DE PUITS

- Tête de puits et tube conducteur enlevés.

- Tubing de production enlevé- Casing de production coupé- Bridge plug et plug de ciments mis

en place- Casing intermédiaire fraisé

Principales fonctions requises par un « RIG » d’abandon de puits:

- Levage: enlèvement des casings, tête de puits…

- Pompage: Pompage de ciment

- Rotation: Découpe des tubes

Un « RIG » de forage classique a toutes ces fonctions mais est surdimensionné en puissance

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ABANDON DE PUITSQUESTION: Faut-il utiliser le « RIG » en place moyennant une réhabilitation ou bien installer une nouvelle unité dédiée à l’abandon de puits ?

Exemple de petite unité pour l’abandon de puits en mer du Nord

Stockage de fluides

Pompage

Levage

Rotation

Manipulation des tubulaires

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Projet Gaviota: Réhabilitation d’un platform rigGénéralités sur la plate-forme:

• Découverte d’une réserve de gaz• Découverte d’une réserve de gaz1980• Construction de la plateforme• Construction de la plateforme1984-85• Reconversion en stockage de gaz• Reconversion en stockage de gaz1994• Rénovation de l’appareil de forage• Rénovation de l’appareil de forage2014-15• Opérations de Work-Over• Opérations de Work-Over2015

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Projet Gaviota

Principaux challenges :

� Appareil de forage âgé de plus de 30 ans: pièces de rechange et compétences associées parfois difficiles à trouver

� Environnement difficile, Logistique offshore� SIMOPS: production en cours pendant les travaux de rénovation� Re-certification de vieux équipements (derrick de forage, outils de levage…)� Corrosion importante

Rénovation de l’appareil de forage pour des opérations de maintenance de puits.

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Projet Gaviota

Avant Après

Driller Control Room

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Projet Gaviota

Avant

Après

Remise en état du treuil de forage

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Projet Gaviota

Avant

Après

Surface boue

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Projet Gaviota

Avant AprèsEquipement divers

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Projet Gaviota

Avant Après

Piping

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Projet Gaviota

Avant AprèsPompes à boue

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Projet GaviotaOpérations de Workover

Résumés des opérations:

� Remontée de l’ancien tubage de production� Nettoyage du puits� Diagraphie à l’aide d’une sonde� Descente d’un nouveau tubage de production� Perforation� Test du puits en pression

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DESINSTALLATION TOPSIDE

Heavy Lift Vessel

Après l’abandon des puits, les topsides peuvent être démantelées

� Nettoyage des Topsides� Démantèlement des équipements à la grue� Ou désinstallation en une seule pièce par floatover ou grue

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Désinstallation du jacket

La règle commune est que tout doit être enlevé.

Des études sont cependant autorisées pour déterminer si tout enlever est une solution viable.

Pour les vieilles plateformes de forage, se pose la question des cuttingsde forage accumulés au pieds du jacket.

Les pattes du jackets sont coupées (coupeuses diamant, découpe jet d’eau…).

Le jacket est enlevé soit à la grue, soit avec des buoyancy tanks additionnels.

Cuttings de forage

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Désinstallation du jacket

Buoyancy tanksVB 10000

SSV Semi-Submersible Vessel

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Pioneering SpiritCaractéristiques du navire :

- 382m de long- 571 membres d’équipage- Vitesse maximale : 14knots- Capacité en levage de structure deplateforme : 25 000T

- Charge max du pont: 27 000T- Puissance max installée : 95,000 kW

Etapes d’enlèvement d’une plateforme fixe:

OFFSHORE DECOMMISSIONING

& DELIVERING UK EPRD

Disposing of Assets Safely & Cost EfficientlyCraig Nicol

LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU

Agenda

• The Decommissioning Market

• Ports and Services required in Oil & Gas Decommissioning Pro jects

• Recycling and re-using assets

• Case studies

• Collaboration & Extending the Scope

• Close

LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU

Global Offshore Decommissioning Market - Introduction

• Fastest growing offshore decommissioning market• Mature fields and high spending in the North Sea• Cessation of major oil fields• Excellent regulatory framework• $71bn investment from O&G authority in the UK

Europe

• Second largest offshore market• Maturing Oil fields in GOM• Increasing number of platforms for decommissioning each year• Smaller structures in general more conventional dismantling

North America

• Huge decommissioning growth potential • Rise in ageing assets and mature fields• Indonesia and Malaysia will increase decommissioning necessity• Middle east Offshore prolonged O&G activities & production

Asia Pacific


The Market – North Sea


UK CNS • 19 Platforms & 9 FPSO vessels are forecast for complete or partial

removal• 2 are small steel structures < 4,000tonnes while the remainder are large

steel structures between 4,500 -56,600 tonnes

UK NNS & West of Shetland • 12 Platforms & 2 FPSO vessels are expected to be decommissioned• 4 gravity based and the remainder are large steel installations weighing

between 15,400 – 70,000 tonnes

UK SNS & Irish Sea• Of the 67 platforms forecast for removal , only six of these weigh more

than 4,000 tonnes with the majority being small, steel, unmannedinstallations that are likely to be removed by single-lift.

• Platform weights range from 350 tonnes to 9,200 tonnes (1,900 tonnes onaverage).

NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF • Operators forecast that 14 fixed platforms and 2 FPUs will be removed by

2025.• Total platform weights range from 4,000 to 30,000 tonnes (12,000 tonnes

on average).

DANISH CONTINENTAL SHELF • 17 platforms , four of which are normally unmanned installations, are to be

removed from the Danish Continental Shelf.• Platform sizes range from 970 tonnes to 22,100 tonnes (5,700 tonnes on

average).

DUTCH CONTINENTAL SHELF • Of the 150 platforms remaining in the Dutch North Sea, 77 are forecast for

removal by 2025.• Looking at the total inventory offshore in The Netherlands, the platforms

range from small wellhead structures weighing just 500 tonnes to largergravity-based structures of around 50,000 tonnes.

UK CS

Norwegian CS

Danish CS

Dutch CS

The Market – North Sea


The Market – Africa

• Currently, an estimated 867 offshore platforms,

• 877 subsea wells

• 15,000km of offshore pipelines are installed in the sub-Saharan African region.

• Large proportion of infrastructure is relativelynew,

• A significant proportion is ageing, will require removal in the mid-term.

• Of the 867 offshore platforms,219 were installed pre-1980, with others installed even earlier.


The Market – Asia Pacific

1,645 of the offshore structures are fixed jackets (95%), 50 are FPSOs (2.89%), 33 TLPs (1.9%), and theremaining 38 consist of different types of structures.


The Market – Gulf of Mexico

Expected decommissioning schedule for floating structures, 2022-2053


The Market – Summary


Current Market Position


North Sea Presence

“Veolia have strategically

positioned their facilities around

the North Sea CS to ensure we

offer a competitive disposal route

for all disposal requirements.”

Simon Davies – Veolia ES –

General Manager


Facility Location Considerations

• Accessible location

• Fully permitted site

• Local infrastructures

• Local supply chain/services

• Skilled workforce

• Disposal facilities


Operational considerations

Single Lift Reverse Engineering Piece Small

The topsides and/or jacket are removed in one piece and transported to the decommissioningyard. Reverse Float over is a similar alternative.

Whole modules are removed in the reverse of the installation sequence and loaded on to flat-top barges or a crane vessel for transport to the decommissioning yard.

The installation is dismantled offshore by cutting or dismantling into small sections that are shipped onshore in containers.


Operational considerations

SPMT Trailers Skidding Systems

Vessel Transfers Floating

LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU.

Veolia-Peterson are currently market leaders in Ons hore receipt & disposal activities, including:

In-House infrastructure and services for Onshore Di sposal

Marine Services & Logistics

Onshore Crane & Rigging Services

Supply Base Operations

CleaningServices

Demolition and Deconactivities

Norm treatment

and disposal

HP JettingServices

Recycling and Resales

Expertise

All of these services are supplied internally by Veolia Industrial Services


Internal Disposal Routes

Ellesmere Port HTI


Linear = Waste = Missed opportunities

Circular = Optimising resources = Added benefits

Circular Economy


Case Studies

Completed Projects (2006 – Present)

Title DateWeight

(Tonnes)

Total Frigg MCP 01 MSF 2006 - 2009 19000

Shell Indefatigable 2009 -2011 12000

Norpipe Booster Pipe 2009 2600

HESS Subsea IVRR and FFFA 2011 - 2015 16000

Northern UKCS Subsea Materials 2014 -2016 5000

CNR Murchison Conductors 2016 4600

West of Shetland UKCS Materials 2014 - 2016 13500

72,700

Committed Projects (Present – 2019)

Title DateWeight

(Tonnes)

Talisman YME Platform 2016 14000Southern UKCS Topsides & Jackets 2017-2019 40000Respol Buchan Alpha FPU 2017 - 2018 12500Northern UKCS Subsea Materials 2016 - 2019 2000West of Shetland UKCS Subsea Materials 2016 - 2019 300 0

71500

FACTS:

• Veolia-Peterson has Received and Disposed of over 80,000mT

• Completed Projects Average = 8,000 tonnes per year

FACTS:

• Committed Projects Average = 35,750 tonnes per year


Case Study: Repsol YME Disposal

Client: SBM

Scope of Work: Load-in of single lifted structure (14,000mT), decontamination, demolition and disposal at VP’s Norway base.

Contract Value: £9,500,000

Dates: 2016 to 2017


YME Asset Resale Opportunities

Accommodation Module

Gas Turbines

Platform Cranes

Process Valves

Fire Water Systems


Case Study: Shell Leman Disposal

Client: Boskalis

Scope of Work: Load-in of Southern North Sea Assets (2000mT) decontamination, demolition and disposal at VP’s Great Yarmouth base.


Dates: 2017 to Present


Case Study: Repsol Buchan Alpha

Client: Repsol

Scope of Work: Recipt and disposal of 12,500mT structure alongside within Dales Voe Facility


Dates: 2017 to Present


Business Development & Future Aspirations


Business Development & Future Aspirations

• Onshore engineering

• Offloading the platform on yard

• Cutting in pieces

• Recording materials

• Segregation of materials

• Clean contaminated materials

• Treat and disposal of hazardous waste & NORM

• Recycling / reuse

• Trading scrap metal and other recycling materials

• Transport and disposal of non-recyclable waste

• Environmental Account Report

Preparing the platform and Pipelines:

• Safety Access

• Abandonment and plugging of connected pipelines and wells

• Overall platform inspection

• Cleaning & decontaminat’n of topsides to make free from hydrocarbons and hazardous waste (e.g. Asbestos)

• Weighing

• Obtaining permits and approvals

• Decom. plan

• Platform closing down

• Wells P&A work

• Pipeline & subsea decom.

• Hook down

• FEED (Front End Engineering Design) / design competition

• Project management / project control

• Stakeholder engagement

• Detailed engineering and planning

• Removing the topsides, steel jacket and concrete base,

• lifting and transportation to shore

• Site clearance and verification (area free of obstructions)

• Maintenance and monitoring program for any facilities that remain

Platform Hot to Cold Engineering Offshore

Activities

Removal & Marine

Operations

Onshore Demolition, Recycling &

Trading

Site Remediation Monitoring

EPRD process


Single Lift Reverse Engineering Piece Small

The topsides and/or jacket are removed in one piece and transported to the decommissioningyard. Reverse Float over is a similar alternative.

Whole modules are removed in the reverse of the installation sequence and loaded on to flat-top barges or a crane vessel for transport to the decommissioning yard.

The installation is dismantled offshore by cutting or dismantling into small sections that are shipped onshore in containers.

EPRD How?


To Close

Key lessons along the way…..

• Close analysis on estimating norms• Predicting market movement• Strategic alliances with removal contractors and as set owners• Transferring skills across the lifecycle of a decom missioning

project• True Collaboration is Key!

© - Copyright Bureau Veritas

Bureau Veritas, Marine & Offshore Division

Circular economy approach to decommissioning

18th of January [email protected]

2Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas

Special acknowledgement

► To my collegue Sophie Theys, very active at SPE France and contributor to this presentation

► To NGO Zero Waste Scotland which kindly accepted to discuss the findings and recommendations published in


Our linear view of Oil & Gas assets

Discovery: develop efficiently, quickly

Development: Grow production

Mid-life: Maximize production

Mature: Minimize unit costs

Redevelopment: Seek additional production

Decommission: Satisfy regulatory requirements

Pro

duct

ion

Discovery Development Mid-Life Mature Redevelopment Decommission

Phase, Operational Factor


Principles of circular economy

BS 8001-2017: Framework for implementing the principles of the circular economy in organizations - Guide

Preferred to less preferred option

Systemic approach to the design of business models, enabling the sustainaiblemanagement of resources in products and services


Circular economy approach to O&G upstream assets


Decommissioning today

Well Plugging & Abandonment

Conductor Removal

Platform Removal

Pipeline and cable

Site Clearance

Materials Disposal

For permanent abandonmentof wells – make nearly 50% of the costs of decommissioning

Severing or removing casing fromthe well - requires quite a bit of lifting operations

Cleaning and removing all production and pipeline risers supported by the platform

Into a scrap yard, fabrication yard or as an artificial reef site

Severing all bottom-foundedcomponents at a distance below the mudline

Ensure that no debris or potentialobstructions remain to other users of the area; this includes drill cuttingpiles


Decommissioning structures today: some stats

► From O&G UK Decommissioning Report Insight 2017 – Forecast across the North Sea 2017 to 2025

UK CS NorwayCS

DanishCS

Dutch CS

Total

# of fields withdecommissioning activity

214 23 6 106 349

# of platformsfor removal

98 14 17 17 206

Topsidesstructures to be removed

541,328 123,205 75,602 119,665 859,800

Substructures to be removed

249,658 115,176 58,502 84,502 507,938

Subseainfrastructures to be removed

49,373 2,555 590 1,385 53,903

Total tonnage comingonshore

840,359 240, 936 134,794 205,552 1,421,641

For steel& concretestructures


Decommissioning steel structures today: the facts

► UK OGA statement about re-use on UKCS (at a recent conference)

� Very little re-use cases of jacket structures

� Almost no re-use of topsides process equipment because the supply chain is not ready (editorial note: maybe a scrap instead of re-use mindset)

► But UK OGA (Decom Team) has on his Decommissioning Roadmap the responsibility to study Best Practise and Re-use Options

► Very anecdotic cases of re-use

► Other stats:

� Less than 3% by weight is re-used

� 95 to 97% cut up onshore locally then shipped outside the EU due to lack of local capacity, Turkey typically, then recycled as raw material

� The raw material (lower grade, low quality steel) is transformed in 3rd countries but there’s a lack of traceabilty


O&G Perspective – Perceptions & Barriers for adopting circular economy► Preference for buying new seen as better and safer

► Non-standard build of assets / custom equipment

► Re-using material on O&G assets seen as risky

� Health & Safety

� Condition of equipment and product / need to inspect or recertify (costs)

� Insurance concerns

► Few past industry cases hence no one wishes to be first

► Environmental remediation, testing and re-certification can exceed the costs of acquiring new


Actual Barriers to Circular Economy

► Suitability of materials for re-use (quality, condition)

► Lack of documentation on some decommissioned equipment hence increasing efforts in testing

► EU Directive on Construction Products since 1st July 2014 with CE Marking requirement hence a more challenging re-use market

► Silos between offshore and onshore

► Organizational barriers – supply chain readiness for topsides dismantling

► Lack of detailed studies on re-use potential vs market size for many offshore equipment, pipelines, power cables, valves, vessels, compressors, pumps, lifting, concrete mattress, accommodation blocks, helidecks, subsea wellheads, tubing / casing, etc.


Decommissioning legacies in North East Atlantic

► OSPAR Decision 98/3 “Disposal of disused offshore installations”

� Uncertainties: lack of detailed studies on the impacts (including long term) of leaving structures in place or sinking them after removal

► Concrete Gravity Based Structures (eligible for derogation)

� 10 millions tonnes installed 1970-1990

� 27 structures: 12 each in UK & Norway

� Typically 300,00 tonnes or 10 times the heaviest jackets

� 0,5 million truck loads if recovered to shore

� Weight and size far exceeds any available lifting vessel notwithstanding draft exceeding deepest harbours

� Uncertainties on concrete material service life or durability


Other interesting initiatives in the North Sea


The way forward to the decommissioning of the future► Benchmark re-use practices even standards in design, in

preparation for cessation of operations and decommissioning with other sectors

Mining

Nuclear

Automotive (*)

Aircraft (*)

Though mass produced

► O&G Industry to join forces in order to:� Define re-use standards / guidance in projects� Define re-use standards / guidance in operations, namely in

preparation of end of life� Engage with DNS, ZWS, OGTC


Decommissioning of Tomorrow is almost there in the UKCS► Integrating all stakeholders

► Pre-decommissioning audit for the inventory of materials and equipment with identification of testing / certification needs

► Life cycle analysis

► Net Environmental Benefit Assessment

► Materials e-platform (for steel structures)

► Share-exchange hub with other industry markets (construction, transport, utilities, etc.)

► Innovative reward-base contract fostering re-use

BUT WHAT ABOUT OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD?

decommissioning offshore - evolen · 2019. 4. 15. · global offshore decommissioning market -...

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