deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on ......… supporting deconstructing building...
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Deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on needs, perceived
health and productivity
Healthy Buildings 2015 Europe, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsMonday May 18, 2015
Adrian Leaman
Original version animated in Keynote.
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Content: © Adrian Leaman 2015, unless shown otherwise.
… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk
“If you are playing a miser always emphasise their generosity”
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Actors’ saying
… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk
HeuristicsAny approach to problem solving …
not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect …
but sufficient for the immediate purposes.
Can be rules of thumb,
professional judgements, educated guesses,
common sense,
models, and more…
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… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk
OverviewIn straightforward terms …
what are the most important things …
that need concern designers, managers and building users …
to help improve how well buildings work?
An heuristic diagram may help …
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so let’s build one.
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
http://markbrinkley.blogspot.co.uk/2007/06/yvette-cooper-at-offsite-2007.html
Berriedale, Near Wick, Caithness
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Elizabeth Fry Probe study
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
8
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
10
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
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Association of Environment(ally) Conscious Building forum
Green Building Magazine forum
Example topic: How appropriate are ‘green’ technologies such as Mechanical Ventilation and Heat and Recovery (MVHR) for domestic use?
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
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Locational
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
14
Locational
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
15
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Locational
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
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High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
Flood Risk Perception
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Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Locational
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
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Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
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Response time
Source: Building Use Studies 2015. For presentation only. Do not quote in this form.
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
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Distraction
From building shown in slide 8.
Building Use Studies 2014 UK Benchmark dataset. © BUS Methodology
Scores for interruptions from noise.
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/UBPublications/UBPubsControlsForEndUsers.html
This device has no labelling or annotation. It looks like an on/off switch but is a push-button for an
unidentified system.
The switch is for stepless operation depending on the length
of time the switch is depressed.
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Design intent
If users understand how something is supposed to work,
they will be more tolerant if it does not work properly.
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
“Theer’s most fratching weer theer’s least room.” Yorkshire saying
Fratch = quarrel
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Occupant density
Comparisons between low and high density areas for corporate UK office.
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
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System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
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Adaptive comfort
Source: Cited by E. Ahrens, H Zuang, Air Movement: its role in conditioning building interiors efficiently, Presentation, California Air Resources Bard, March 15, 2015
Original: CBE exact source not known
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/seminars/arens/arens.pdf
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
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Adaptive comfort
Source: Building Use Studies 2002
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
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Indoor environmental quality
https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=indoor+environmental+quality&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
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Needs met (or not?!)
Source: author
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
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Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
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http://www.building.co.uk/white-design’s-kingsmead-primary-school-gets-full-marks-for-effort/3068070.article
Achievable outcomes
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Animation 1
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
30
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Animation 1
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
31
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Varies
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
32
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Animation 2
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
33
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Animation 2
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
34
Context
Well resourced
Under resourced
Deep plan
Shallow plan
Change state
Occupant Density
Management Response
TimeDesign intentDistraction
Faster
Slower
Less
More
Clear
Opaque
Low
High
System state
Needs metAdaptive comfort IEQ
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
Better
Worse
Well
Poorly
Outcome
Perceived control
Perceived health
Perceived productivity
Good
Poor
Better
Worse
Good
Poor
Geographical
Climate zone
Tropical
Rest
Monsoon
Summer
Not applicable
Winter
Season
Weekday
Weekend
Time of week
Day
Night
Time of day
Vacation
Normal
Time of year
Periodic
High
Low
Perception of risk
Cultural
35
Emphasise …Heuristics, with balanced emphasis on context, judgement, and cases, backed by calibrated models and larger sample data only where possible and appropriate.
The public interest, with objective feedback case studies openly available to professionals, clients and the public.
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Building evaluation as a knowledge domain in its own right, highlighting buildings as real-world systems with their outcomes, actual and likely.
http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/thinking_in_systems:paperback
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#
Afterthoughts
37
38
39
Hoge Veluwe / Kruller Muller
40
Australia 2014
UK 2014
Building Use Studies
Building Use Studies
… supporting www.usablebuildings.co.uk
Sources and supplementary material for
Deconstructing building performance: with emphasis on needs, perceived health and productivity
Healthy Buildings 2015 Europe, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsMonday May 18, 2015
Adrian Leaman
Original version animated in Keynote.
41
Cover http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk
3 Heuristics definitions http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heuristics
5 BRE house
Cottages, Near Wick, Caithness
10 Bexhill High School reversion
Elizabeth Fry Building6
Woodland Trust7
8 BUS Survey for Woodland Trust
9 BUS Survey for unnamed deep plan office building. Typical response profile.
Slide number
Association of Environmentally Conscious Building forum
Green Building Magazine forum
11
Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors J D Healy J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:784-789 doi:10.1136/jech.57.10.784
16
Sash window usability20
Controls for End Users
http://markbrinkley.blogspot.co.uk/2007/06/yvette-cooper-at-offsite-2007.html
http://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/search-and-book/properties/shore-cottages-no-1-12005/
http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Probe/FRY/FRYAPR98.PDF
http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/Unprotected/CIBSEOct1pp20-26WoodlandTrust.pdf
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/schools/bexhill-high-school-multimillion-pound-investment-in-education-pods-ends-in-failure-10208125.html
http://www.aecb.net/forum/index.php/board,11.0.html?PHPSESSID=v0tor51p56t9mkbkrh7gttm6o7
http://www.greenbuildingforum.co.uk/newforum/comments.php?DiscussionID=4218
http://jech.bmj.com/content/57/10/784
http://www.idostuff.co.uk/sections/DIY/Sash Windows/Sash History 4.html
http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/UBPublications/UBPubsControlsForEndUsers.html
http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/Pages/Unprotected/CIBSEOct1pp20-26WoodlandTrust.pdf
23
25
28 Kingsmead Primary School, Northwich, Cheshire, UK
Indoor Environmental quality. Google scholar search yields 626,00 results.
Air Movement: its role in conditioning building interiors efficiently
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/seminars/arens/arens.pdf
http://www.building.co.uk/white-design’s-kingsmead-primary-school-gets-full-marks-for-effort/3068070.article
https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=indoor+environmental+quality&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5
http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/thinking_in_systems:paperback
Donella Meadows, Thinking in Systems: a primer34
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rbri20/41/1#
Bill Bordass and Adrian Leaman, A New professionalism: remedy or fantasy?
Slide number
https://www.hogeveluwe.nl/en/discover-the-park/art-and-architecture/kroller-muller-museum38
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/visitors-high-tech-1bn-glasgow-hospital-keep-getting-stuck-lifts-no-buttons-150060637