dedication - cpas shalby/phd.pdf · prof. dr. amr abd-allah abd-el-azziz prof. dr. yohensen eid...

Dedication

to Allah The Lord and the Sustainer of the

Worlds

May Allah accept my work and forgive any errors or

short outcomes.

Verily, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for the Lord and the

Sustainer of the Worlds.

And of this I have been commanded, and I am one of the Muslims.

All Praise belongs to

Allah

My deepest gratitude and appreciation to both

Prof Dr Shafak El-Awady El-Wakil, and Dr. Nabil Ali Abd-El-Aziz

for their great effort, continuous support, encouragement , without which, this work would have never reached this state of maturity.

All the love, affection and gratitude to,

My tender mother, my soul, my friend, my supporter: Engineer Tahany Ezzat Attia

My beloved father who believed in me and whom I always thrived to reach his expectations. My God bless him and reward him.

My beloved husband: Engineer Moataz El-Sayed Ali My amazing son and daughter: Karim and Marim

Through my academic journey in Ain Shams University, I was gifted with those whose knowledge and guidance enlightened me all the way through. Special thanks to,

Prof. Dr. Omar El-Hussieny Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abd El-Baky Ibrahim Prof. Dr. Amr Abd-Allah Abd-El-Azziz Prof. Dr. Yohensen Eid Associate Prof. Marwa Abou El-Fotouh Thanks to the assistance of,

Lecturer Yehia Serag Lecturer Abeer El Shater Computer Science Engineer El Amir Tawfeek Mr. Ashraf Hashish “Head of El Ghazawia NGO” GTZ Advisor Mr. Khalil Shaat. Mrs Heba Ossama Bahgat, my dear cousin who supported me all through my studies.

Name: Nashwa Wael Shalaby

Thesis: Integrated Adaptive Model for the Participatory Planning Process

Degree: PhD of Urban Planning and Design

Name, title and Affiliation Signature

1- Prof. Dr. Yasser Houssny Mohamed Sakr Faculty of Fine Arts- Helwan University President of Helwan University

2- Prof. Dr. Philipp Misselwitz Architecture and Urban Planning – University of Stuttgart

3- Prof. Dr. Shafak El Awady El Wakil Urban Planning Department – Ain-Shams University

Date:

[email protected]

Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning DepartmentTitle:

Research Assistant. Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning Department.

Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning Department.

Very GoodAverage Grade: hirdT Rank: Cultural and Business Center at Ramses Square (at the Project:

Premises of the contemporary train station)Excellent Project Grade:

.First Project Rank:

i

A- Brief

Level, Time Outcome of Participation

ii

The Multidisciplinary Analysis of PPP

iii

The Complexity focused Analysis of PPP.

v

B-Research Problem

vi

C-Research Questions

D- Research Hypothesis

vii

Fig. :

Source:

viii

D-Aims and Objective of Research

E- Research Methodology

ix

F- Organization of the Study:

.

Literature review and critical analysis of the Participatory

Planning

Analysis of Solution Space; Success Criteria and Complexity

Fig. ii:

Investigating Solution features

Problem Analysis

Identifying solution and testing Hypothesis

Solution Design

x

Solution Design

Chapter One: Participatory Planning Revisited

Chapter Two: Participatory Planning; The Third Paradigm Shift

xi

Chapter Three: Complexity of PPP; Problem and modeling Solutions

Modeling

Chapter Four: PPP Through Multi Agent Modeling

Chapter Five: Analysis of PP Model; The Egyptian Experience

level, Time and Outcomes

xii

Chapter Six: Design of PPP Model

Chapter Seven: Conclusion and further Research

xiii

Fig. iii:Source:

Chapter one:

Chapter Two:

Chapter Three:

Chapter Five:

Chapter Four:

Chapter Six:

Chapter Seven:

Part 1

Part 3

Part 4

Part 2

xiv

Fig. IV:

Source:

Problem Analysis

Solution Features

Solution Space Navigation

Testing Hypothesis

Identifying Solution

Solution Design

2-a- first feature of PPP; Complexity

3-Biologic Solutions of complexity to PPP

1-The need for a new paradigm

6-Model requirement 5-Model Specification

2-b-Second feature of PPP; Multidisciplinary / Factors affecting success criteria from multidisciplinary aspects

7-Integrated adaptive PPP Model

4-Testing adopted solutions

xv

H- Summary of Contents

PART ONE: Literature Review and Critical Analysis of the Participatory Planning

Chapter One: Participatory Planning Revisited

PART TWO: Analysis of Solution Space; Success Criteria and Complexity

Chapter Two: Participatory Planning Process; The Third Paradigm Shift

xvi

Chapter Three: Complexity of PPP; Problem and Solution

PART THREE: Solution Identification and Testing Hypothesis Chapter Four: PPP through Multi Agent Modeling (MAM)

xvii

Chapter Five: PPP Model Analysis ; Egyptian Experience

PART FOUR: Design of PPP Model

Chapter Six: Design of PPP Model

xviii

Chapter Seven: Conclusion and Further Research

Appendices

xix

I- List of Tables

Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Chapter Four

Chapter Five

xx

Chapter 6

Appendices

xxi

J-List of Figures

Introduction

Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

xxii

Chapter Four

Chapter Five

Chapter Six

xxiii

Appendices

xxiv

K- Acronyms

2

1.1 MAJOR PARADIGMATIC SHIFTS

1

4

1.1.1 FIRST SHIFT: FROM CONVENTIONAL PLANNING TO

PLANNING WITH PARTICIPATION

6

1.1.2 SECOND SHIFT: FROM PLANNING WITH PARTICIPATION TO PARTICIPATORY PLANNING

7

diverse groups

entire community

8

Fig. 1-1:Source:

Public-participation in Monitoring

Public-participation in Evaluation

9

9

Fig. 1-2:

Source

Closed loop control system

Input Output

Open control system

OutputInput

In

Planning with public participation

Participatory Planning

10

1.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING FRAMEWORK

1.2.1 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING ORIGINS

Paulo FreireKurt Lewin

Patrick Geddes Lewis Mumford

12

1.2.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AIMS

13

1.2.3 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING PRINCIPLES

14

1.2.4 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING STEPS

16

1-Data Collection:

2-Internal Structuring:

3-Problem Analysis

4-Learning:

17

5-Decision Making:

6-Self-Correction:

Fig. 1-3:

Source:

Data Collection

Problem Analysis

Internal structure

Decision Making

Learning

Self-Correction

18

1.2.5 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING METHODS

20

Table 1-1:Source: Method Name AbbreviationCommunity based methods

Workshop based methods

Function(s) based methods

Setting based methods

Problem based methods

Aspect based methods

22

22

Table 1-2:

Source:

23

1.3 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PARTICIPATORY PLANNING

28

1.4 Brief

30

2.1 INVESTIGATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

2.1.1 LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN PPP

31

Format (Method) Type Breadth of Public Participation

Information Exchange

Involvement

Engagement

Table 2-1:

Source:

32

Full control

Fig. 2-1:Source:

34

2.1.2 TIME OF PARTICIPATION

36

2.1.3 OUTCOME OF PARTICIPATION

37

2.2 DOMINANT FEATURES OF PPP

38

Fig.2-2:Source:

2.2.1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF PPP

2.2.1.1 Challenges of PPP form a Planning Aspect

40

Table 2-2:Source:

Plan

ning

Fact

ors

affe

ctin

g Level of Participation

Time of Participation

Outcome of Participation

42

2:2:1:2 Challenges of PPP Informational Aspect

43

Table 2-3:Source:

Informational Factors affecting

Level of Participation Time of Participation Outcome of Participation

51

2.2.1.3 Challenges of PPP from the Social Aspect

Table 2-4:Source:

Social Factors affecting Level of Participation Time of Participation Outcome of Participation

53

Fig.2-3:

Source:

Friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

Morality, creativity,

spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice,

acceptance of facts .

Security of body, employment, resources, morality, the family, health, property

Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion. Safety

Esteem

Physiological

Love/Belonging

Self-actualization

54

-Poverty

55

-Illiteracy

-Employment and income

59

2.2.2 COMPLEXITY OF PPP

60

2.3 Brief

61

Social Aspect

Social Complexity

Info. Aspect

Info.Complexity

Planning Aspect

PlanningComplexity

Multidisciplinary Aspects

Complexity

Fig.2-4:Source:

P

Modeling

3.1 COMPLEXITY OF PPP FROM MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS

Complexity in general

Complexity of information

Complexity of Communities

Fig. 3-1:Source:

3.1.1COMPLEXITY OF PPP: PLANNING ASPECT

3.1.2 COMPLEXITY OF INFORMATION: INFORMATION ASPECT

”

3.1.3 COMPLEXITY OF COMMUNITIES: SOCIAL ASPECT

”

”

3.2 CONFRONTING COMPLEXITY OF PPP THROUGH MODELING

3.2.1 NATURE OF THE REQUIRED MODEL

a- Physical model facing social complexity and digital model facing informational complexity

b- Dynamic model for PPP sustainability

c- Explanatory model to face implication

d- Individual model to face social complexity of accumulation

3.3 COMPLEXITY; A SOLUTION TO PPP PROBLEMS

” n”

” ” ”

3.3.1 COMPLEXITY SCIENCE SOLUTIONS FOR PPP

”

a-

b

Fig.

3-2

Sour

ce:

Syst

ems

The

ory

Mac

hine

Lea

rnin

gM

ulti-

Age

nt

Mod

elin

gG

enet

icA

lgor

ithm

sC

ellu

lar

Aut

omat

aC

yber

netic

s A

gent

Bas

ed

Mod

elin

g

Dyn

amic

s in

Syst

ems

New

Sci

ence

of

Net

wor

ksE

mer

genc

e Se

lf-O

rgan

izat

ion

Com

plex

itySc

ienc

eA

utop

oies

is a

nd

Ada

ptat

ion

Glo

bal N

etw

ork

Soci

ety

Fig.3-3:

Source:

Fig.3-4:

Source:

3.3.1.1 Self-Organization

3.3.1.2 Autopeiosis and Adaptation

3.3.1.3 Emergence

n”

”

”

ce”

”

Fig.3-5 :Source:

3.3.1.4 Systems Dynamics

”

.”

”

Fig.3-6:

Source:

3.3.1.5 New Science of Networks

Fig.3-7 :

Source:

e”.

”

”

s”

3.3.2 CYBERNETICS SOLUTIONS FOR PPP MODEL

” ” ”,

” ”

3.3.2.1 Agent Based Modeling

As such, a key notion is that simple behavioral

rules generate complex behavior

(

”

”

”

”

Fig.3-8:

Source:

3.3.2.2 Cellular Automaton (CA)

3.3.2.3 Machine Learning

”

”

3.3.2.4 Genetic Algorithms

”

”

n”

3.3.2.5 Multi Agent Modeling (MAM)

AutonomyLocal views

Decentralization

3.4 THE BIOLOGIC APPROACH TO PPP

”

A Bottom-Up PPP

Community Self-Organization

A Regenerative PPP

An Adaptive PPP

Community self-learning Mechanism

A dynamic PPP

A Collaborative Information system

Social Community Networking

Fig.

3-9

:Der

ivin

g so

lutio

ns

Sour

ce:

3.5 Brief

BiologicSolutions

Deducted Principles

Simple agents :

Local viewers

Autonomous agents:o” a o” to

Intelligent agents:

- behave according to bounded rationality:

Table 3-1Source:

Introduction

PPP through Multi Agent Modeling

108

4.1 PPP MODEL SPECIFICATION

4.1.1 TYPE OF PPP MODEL


109

Real world

External model 1

External model 3

External model 2

Conceptual model

Internal model

Logical model

4.1.2 LEVEL OF PPP MODEL


110


111


112

4.2 ORIGIN OF MULTI AGENT MODELING (MAM)

4.2.1 OBJECT ORIENTATION MODELING (OOM)


113

OO Data Classification


114

4.2.2 AGENT BASED MODELING (ABM)


115


116


117

4.2.3 MULTI AGENT MODELING (MAM)


118

et al


119


120

4.3 CONCEPTUAL BASES OF MULTI AGENT MODELING -MAM

4.3.1 OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS (OOA)

-requirements statements,-a formal vision document, and-interviews with participants, stakeholders or other interested parties.


121


122

4.3.2OBJECT ORIENTATED DESIGN OOD


123

4.4 MAM LANGUAGES

4.4.1 UNITED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML) DIAGRAMS:


124


125


126

4.4.2 AGENT MODELING LANGUAGE (AML)


127

"AML can be used whenever it is suitable or useful to build models that (1) consist of a number of autonomous, concurrent and/or asynchronous (possibly proactive) entities, (2) comprise entities that are able to observe and/or interact with their environment, (3) make use of complex interactions and aggregated services, (4) employ social structures, and (5) capture mental characteristics of systems and/or their parts."

PPP Model Analysis; Egyptian Experience

128

1-requirements statements,2-a formal vision document, and 3-interviews with participants, stakeholders or other interested parties.

formal vision document

Level, Time and Outcomes


129

5.1 SELECTION CRITERIA OF CASE STUDIES


130


131


132

Took

h

Belta

n

Man

shei

t El-

Amm

ar

El-S

afay

na

Zaw

yet

Gaz

awya

El

-Saf

a El

Abad

la

El-K

hank

a Ka

fr S

houk

r To

okh

Sheb

ien

El-

Banh

a

Qal

yob

El-K

anat

er

El-k

hayr

iah

Qal

yobi

a G

over

nora

te


133

Fig. 5-4: Satellite image of MN location in Cairo Governorate Source: GTZ, 2005


134

Fig. 5-5: MN borders Source: GTZ, 2005


135

5.1.1 DATA SOURCES

5.1.2 ANALYTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN PP IN BOTH CASE

STUDIES


136

1 This is the area of the 4 sheikhat and not the total area of MN 2 LAAP is one of the workshop based methods of PP that depends on intensive workshops for participants to local problems and proposes solutions and action on local area map.


137


138


139

IDG, GTZ, 2005

Fig. 5-6(a): first meeting at the LPC of Beltan

Fig. 5-7(a): Focus groups at the data analysis phase

Fig. 5-6(b): second meeting in El-Gazawya at Sheikh El Balad guest house.

Fig. 5-7(b): planning sessions in MN

Fig. 5-6(c): third meeting at the LPC of Beltan

Fig. 5-7(c): SWOT Analysis with ICA


140

Fig. 5-6(d): Final meeting at LPC of Beltan.

Fig 5-7 (d): Meeting with professionals.


141


142

5.2 TESTING SUCCESS CRITERIA IN CASE STUDIES

P.P. Products LPC Evaluation (citizen survey satisfaction)

Fig. 5-8 : Linear Self-correction Mechanism in MN Source: researcher


143

4 This percent doesn’t represent those who didn’t participate and answered the first sectioned of the questionnaire.


144

5.2.1 LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN CASE STUDIES

5

. Khalil Shaat, GTZ Advisor. Interview, 2010.


145

"Representatives of local civil society, local business and local administration will be able to implement available tools of participatory urban upgrading on their own. They will develop their own concepts to improve their environment, livelihood and access to services"


146

"Of particular importance is that women, youth and tenants are represented

(50%)".


147


148

a-Awareness


149

b-Quality of information

6 There were no churches in Beltan, but there were churches in MN, so the question has to be generalized to cover both Muslims and Christians in both case studies. 7 Percentages presented shows those who were not positive about the quality, so 86.5% reported information to be sufficient, and so forth in the rest of presented percentages.


150

c- Interface


151


152

-Illiteracy:

-Poverty:

-Illiteracy:

-Poverty:

8


153

-Unemployment: -Unemployment:


154

5.2.2 TIME OF PARTICIPATION IN CASE STUDIES

9 PP project is used here because the two case studies were not of the proposed sustainable “process” type.


155

10 Reason for taking longer than it should in Beltan is

11 Reason for taking longer than it should in MN is


156

a- Tasks per participant

b- Learning means


157


158

a- Acquiring and updating information

b- Problem solution data bank


159

c- IT learning tools (communication tools)


160


161


162

b- Technophobia


163

5.2.3 OUTCOME OF PARTICIPATION:


164


165

a- Community networking

b- Collaborative Information system


166

c- Knowledge Engineering


167


168

a- Public acceptance

b- Resources

c- Leadership and human capabilities


169


170

13


171

5.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

0.0090,002Level of Participation


172


173

=30 min/part./day

=5 min/part./day

Time of Participation

Outcome of Participation


174

5.4 BRIEF OF MODEL REQUIREMENTS


175


176


177


178

180

6.1 Packages of the PPP model

182

6.1.1 INITIATOR PACKAGE

6.1.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING COMMITTEE (PPC) PACKAGE

186

6.1.3 COMMUNITY PACKAGE

6.1.4 CENTRAL DATA BASE PACKAGE

190

6.1.5 INTERFACE PACKAGE

191

6.2 PROTOCOLS OF PPP MODEL

192

6.2.1 PPC PROTOCOL

194

6.2.2 WORKGROUP PROTOCOL

199

6.2.3 COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM PROTOCOL

203

1

205

6.3 AGENTS FUNCTIONS OF THE PPP MODEL

6.3.1 INITIATOR (DONOR) FUNCTIONS

206

6.3.2 CONSULTANT’S FUNCTIONS

210

2Time between updates needs a further study that is out of the scope of the model requirements, but still has to be mentioned because of its importance.

212

6.3.3 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING COMMITTEE (PPC) FUNCTIONS

215

o

o

o

o

o

217

6.3.4 INITIATOR REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

6.3.5 LPC REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

220

6.3.6 NGO REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

3 This actually happened in MN where donations were given form the Japanese embassy to one of the local N.G.O.s to perform the task of renovating classes in local schools. They performed all the carpentry and roof gardening.

222

6.3.7 RESOURCE COLLECTOR FUNCTIONS

225

6.3.8 WORKGROUP FUNCTIONS

227

6.3.9 FACILITATOR FUNCTIONS

229

4 Approve data means that every participant should answer a questionnaire which has a form like: Is the data collected about the problem; useful, sufficient, correct, updated and transparent? This also applies to data analysis.

230

6.3.10 PARTICIPANT FUNCTIONS

232

6.3.11 ACTIVE CITIZEN FUNCTIONS

6.3.12 ADVERTISING AGENCY

234

6.3.13 COMMUNICATION CENTER FUNCTIONS

236

6.4 STATES AND INTER-RELATIONS OF PPP AGENTS

6.4.1 PPC STATES

237

6.4.2. WORKGROUP STATES

241

6.5.2 ACTIVITY OF “PROBLEM PROFILE” FORMATION

5

6

242

6.5.3 ACTIVITY OF “SOLUTION PROFILE” FORMATION

7

244

244

245

6.5.4 ACTIVITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF “PROJECT”

247

6.6 COLLABORATION AMONG AGENTS AND SEQUENCE OF

THEIR ACTIVITIES

250

6.7 PPP MODEL DEPLOYMENT

252

6.8 INTEGRATING THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY PPP

Conclusion

258

Introduction

7.1 Theoretical Reflections

Conclusion

259

7.2 Reflections on the Current Research

Conclusion

260

1

Conclusion

261

7.3 Recommendations for Further Research

Conclusion

262

Conclusion

263

Appendices

264

Appendices

265

Appendices

266

Fig. (d): actor

Appendices

267

Appendices

268

Active Class

class name

Fig. (d): Associations

Appendices

269

Appendices

270

Appendices

271

Appendices

272

Appendices

273

3-

Appendices

274

Appendices

275

4-

Appendices

276

Appendices

277

Appendices

278

6-

Appendices

279

Appendices

280

7-

Appendices

281

Appendices

282

Appendices

283

Appendices

284

Appendices

285

Appendices

286

Appendices

287

Appendices

288

Appendices

289

A success, because

Appendices

290

Appendices

291

Appendices

292

1 The Local Initiative Fund (LIF) is one of the local development tools created under the Participatory Urban Management Program, a cooperation between the Egyptian Ministry of Planning and the GTZ.

Appendices

293

Appendices

294

Appendices

295

Appendices

296

Appendices

297

Appendices

2982

Appendices

299

Appendices

300

Appendices

301

Appendices

302

Appendices

303

Appendices

304

Appendices

305

N

N

N

W

Appendices

306

W

Appendices

307

Appendices

308

(a) (b

(c) (d

(e) (f)

Activity 1 Activity 2Activity 1

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3 Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 2

Activity 1

(2001)

Appendices

309

Appendices

310

Appendices

311

Appendices

312

Appendices

313

325

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Städtebau-Institut Stuttgart

Städtebau-Institut, Fakultät 1: Architektur und Stadtplanung, Universität Stuttgart

dedication - cpas shalby/phd.pdf · prof. dr. amr abd-allah abd-el-azziz prof. dr. yohensen eid...

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