deducting e-mobility loading stations ......6 galeria duisburg 333 22 papendelle 94 7 galeria...
TRANSCRIPT
DEDUCTING E-MOBILITY LOADING
STATIONS LOCATIONS FROM CITY
PARKING DATA
Sascha Bioly
Viktor Kuchshaus*
Matthias Klumpp
17th International Working Seminar on
Production Economics
Innsbruck, 22. February 2012
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Climate change
3. E-vehicles
4. Environmental balance
5. Climate program
6. Concept for Duisburg
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1. Introduction
Car traffic : outstanding importance for our mobility
Undeniable: global dependence on oil as an energy source
Oil Shortages:
Resource is finite
Security problems,
political unrest
- 62% of reserves
in the middle east
Constant increasing demand
- BRICS countries *
More speculative markets
Statistical range: about 40 years
3 Feb-22
*) Brazil, Russia, India, China, Southafrica (since 12/2010)
49%
27%
13%
7% 4%
Year 2003
52%
24%
12%
6% 6%
Yahr 2030
Feb-22 3 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
1. Introduction
Combustion of fossil fuels CO2 emissions
Goal of many nations: reducing emitted GHG quantities
see Kyoto Protocol - 11 December 1997, Kyoto (Japan)
Canada: “dropped out” on 13th December 2011
U.S. & China: never participated
Russia and Japan will not extend after 2012
Raw oil shortage + climatic goals = Search for alternatives
Solution: electric mobility (e-mobility)?
Problem: range of electric vehicles
4 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
for comparison:
coal: 6.670 Wh/kg
Uranium (235U): 18,7 Mio. kWh/kg
1 kg Uranium = 2.800 t coal
Energy density of in Wh/kg Energy density of in Wh/kg
rech
arg
ea
bl
a
lead-acid 35
fue
l
diesel 12.800
Ni-MH 90 benzine 11.800
Li-Ionen 130 methanol 6.370
2. Climate change
5 Feb-22
trace gas anthropogenic origin development trend
1800 – 2000*
share to anth. greenhouse
effect
carbon dioxide
(CO2)
• use of fosil energy
• deforestation 280 ppm 370 ppm 61 %
methane (CH4) • use of fosil energy
• animal breeding, rice cultivation 0,28 ppm 0,31 ppm 15 %
nitrous oxide
(N2O) • espacially field work (fertilizer) k.A. 4 %
CFC-gases • man-made blowing gas (aerosol can)
• cooling liquid 0 ppb 0,5 ppb 11 %
sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6)
• e.g. cover gas at the technical
production of magnesium 0 ppb 40 ppb 4 %
* estimation ppm ≙ parts per million (10-6) ppb ≙ parts per billion (10-9)
CO2 (ppm) CH4 (ppb) N2O (ppb)
Feb-22 5 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
Announcement by the Federal Government (03/05/2010):
Till 2020 at least 1 million electric vehicles should be on Germany's
streets
42,3 Mio. cars in Germany (FMTA: 01.01.2011)
Alternative technologies are considered only slightly (40,000
vehicles)
Current infrastructure for loading stations is not sufficient
Option 1: Change batteries (China - standards?)
Option 2: widespread deployment of loading stations
Exemplary Investigation of Alternative 2 using the
example of the city of Duisburg
6 Feb-22
3. E-vehicles
Feb-22 6 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
Locations for loading stations in
the city of Dusiburg
- West germany (Ruhr area)
- population: 489.599 inhabitants
- biggest inland port in Europe
(Rhein)
7 Feb-22
3. E-vehicles
Feb-22 7 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
3. E-vehicles
Model VMax
(km/h)
Charging
duration
(hours
with
230V)
Charging
duration
(hours with
400V) for 80%
capacity
Seats
(adults)
Battery
capacity
(kWh)
consumption
(kWh/100km)
range
(km)
Monthly
procution
(state)
Citroën
C-Zero 130 6 0,5 4 16 13,5 150 ?
Mitsubishi
i-MiEV 130 6 0,5 4 16 13,5 150 2.100 (2011)
Nissan
Leaf 150 7 0,5 5 24 21 175 3.300 (2012)
Peugeot iOn 130 6 0,5 4 16 13,5 150 ?
Renault
Fluence Z.E. 135 7 0,5 5 22 ? 185 ?
Renault
Kangoo Z.E. 130 7 0,5 2 22 ? 170 ?
8 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
4. Environmental balance
How many CO₂-Emissions are really caused by E-vehicles
‚Local„: zero emission, thus 0 gramm CO₂ per km
Next to the emissions in the production of the vehicles (scope
3!) the carbon dioxide from electricity generation is relevant
9 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
types of power plants in the
CO₂- comparison
CO₂-emission
[g/kWh]
Wind energy Offshore 23
Wind energy Onshore 24
Solar power [Import from spain] 27
Nuclear power station 32
Hydroelectric power station 40
Multicrystalline solar cell 101
Combined Cycle Power Plant
(heating) 148
Combined Cycle Power Plant 428
Importing Coal-fired power plant 622
Brown coal heating plant 729
Importing blue coal power plant 949
Brown coal power plant 1.153
744 744 711 708 704 697
676 651 653
632 629 643 637 625
603 597 590 605
570 565 563
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 CO₂ emission factor of the electricity mix [g/kWh]
Feb-22 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations 10
4. Environmental balance
Energy mix in different states
(Germany)
government decision to
phase out nuclear energy
No change in e.g.
North Rhine-Westphalia
Strong change in e.g.
Bavaria
replaced nuclear energy by
renewable forms of energy
not possible
Even more Emissions
caused by more coal plants
Feb-22 11
5. Climate program
Global programs
- USA, Germany, China -
Feb-22 11 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
E-vehicles model regions
in Germany
Feb-22 12
5. Climate program
8 model regions in Germany
Budget of 130 million EUR
Cooperation of science, industry
and the participating communes
different research and development
projects to set up infrastructure
Aim:
research and production site for
e-mobility
location for electric vehicles
training capacity for e-mobility
Feb-22 12 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations
13 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
Managed parking areas in Duisburg
6. Concept for Duisburg
6. Concept for Duisburg
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Name Parking
lots Name
Parking
lots
1 Averdunk 479 17 Burgplatz 133
2 CityPalais 670 18 Nahestr. 80
3 City-Parkhaus 544 19 Obermauerstr. 70
4 Düsseldorfer Str. 191 20 Oberstr. 60
5 Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str. 100 21 Oranienstr. 100
6 Galeria Duisburg 333 22 Papendelle 94
7 Galeria Kaufhof 426 23 Sinn-Leffers 86
8 Hauptbahnhof 97 24 Steinische Gasse 85
9 Hauptbahnhof Ost 100 25 Steinische Gasse 84
10 Immobiliencenter Sparkasse 214 26 Stresemannstr. 450
11 Innenhafen 77 27 UCI-Parkhaus 398
12 Königstr. 568 28 Universitätsstr. 65
13 Köhnenstr. 30 29 Schifferstr. 150
14 Köhnenstr. 60 30 Schifferstr. 200
15 Kuhlenwall 45 31 Forum 600
16 Marktplatz 150 ∑ total 6.739
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Current loading stations in Duisburg
6. Concept for Duisburg
16 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
concept 1: proposal
6. Concept for Duisburg
Further concepts (ideas):
• Non-clustered distribution of the loading stations at all managed
Parking areas
• 1 central location with the total contingent for loading stations in the
city of Duisburg
• Involvement of ‚private„ parking lots
In the Silberpalais an underground parking park with 3 storeys is
availible that is not mentioned in any statistics
• Preferation in the distribution of loading stations
espacially for parking lots that are provided
longterm parking
UCI-cinema parking parc; Mo-Fr, 06:00 – 18:00 rent to
an long-term parking
17 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
6. Concept for Duisburg
To get more detailed results more data has to be collected,
e.g.:
• Will the 2-3% e-vehicles in Germany be distributed equally or is it
more reasonable to set up clusters like „Ruhr-area“
• How many people living in Duisburg but working outside of
Duisburg will use E-vehicles (charging in the night)?
• How many people not living in Duisburg but working in Duisburg
will switch to E-vehicles (charging a day)?
• Average occupancy of parking areas
• Average spending duration per car
• Share of short-term or long-term needs to be determined for
loading stations
18 Bioly/Kuchshaus/Klumpp: E-Mobility - Locations for loading stations Feb-22
6. Concept for Duisburg
DEDUCTING E-MOBILITY LOADING
STATIONS LOCATIONS FROM CITY
PARKING DATA
Thanks for your attention!
Sascha Bioly, Viktor Kuchshaus, Matthias Klumpp
Contact: Sascha Bioly
+49 (0) 201 81004-553
www.fom-ild.de