deep sea drilling project initial reports volume 96 · pdf fileinitial reports of the deep sea...

Representative photographs of cores collected from the Mississippi Fan and Orca and Pigmy basins duringDSDP Leg 96. Fining-upward channel sequences recovered in midfan channel Sites 621 and 622 contain(A) a basal gravel channel lag (621-33,CC), overlain by (B) sands (621-33-2, 105-123 cm), overlain by (C)a passive clay and mud channel fill (621-10-2, 115—133 cm). The sequence drilled at Site 615 on the lowerfan includes (D) a carbonate debris flow (615-50-4, 115—133 cm), overlain by (E) thin, cross-stratifiedsilts (615-12-2, 85-103 cm) and interbedded (F) silt and clay laminae (615-11-3, 105-123 cm). Sedimentsrecovered at fan margin Site 616 document an upper mass movement deposit, 100 m thick and typifiedby (G) high-angle slump material (616-6-6, 20—38 cm). Sediments recovered from intraslope basin Sites618 and 619 consist of (H) pelagic and hemipelagic clay laminae (619-11-3, 100-118 cm).

Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME XCVIcovering Leg 96 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger

Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, to Galveston, TexasSeptember-November, 1983

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Arnold H. Bouma, James M. Coleman, James Brooks, William R. Bryant,Richard Constans, Michel Cremer, Laurence I. Droz,

Toshio Ishizuka, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, Barry Kohl, Audrey W. Meyer,William R. Normark, Suzanne O'Connell, Mary Parker,

Kevin T. Pickering, Claudia Schroeder, Charles E. Stelting, Dorrik A. V. Stow,William E. Sweet, Andreas Wetzel, and Jean K. Whelan

SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE

Audrey W. Meyer

EDITOR

Katie L. Turner

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482

By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project

This material is based upon research supported by the NationalScience Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of thisvolume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

Bouma, A. FL, Coleman, J. M., Meyer, A. W., et al., 19 Init.Repts. DSDP, 96: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).

Presley, B. J., and Stearns, S., 19 Interstitial water chemistry,Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 96. In Bouma, A. FL, Coleman,J. M., Meyer, A. W., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 96: Washington(U.S. Govt. Printing Office), -

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and in-dividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:

Volume 82—June, 1985Volume 83—April, 1985Volume 84—May, 1985Volume 85—October, 1985Volume 86—November, 1985Volume 90—January, 1986

Printed October 1986

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402

Stock NumberO38-OOO-OO566-9

The world's first major Oceanographic expe-dition took place between 1872 and 1876. Thisexpedition, aboard the H.M.S. Challenger cov-ering nearly 70,000 nautical miles and gatheringOceanographic data from 362 stations, expand-ed our knowledge of the ocean and provided asolid foundation for future studies in marine geo-logy. A century later, another vessel also namedChallenger continued to expand our knowledgeof the world's ocean and helped revolutionize ourconcepts of how the seafloor and the continentsform and change. The drilling vessel GlomarChallenger sailed the same waters as its historiccounterpart, seeking answers to new questionsconcerning the history of our planet and the lifeit supports. The continued advancement ofknowledge about the fundamental processes anddynamics of the earth is leading to a greater un-derstanding of our planet and more intelligentuse of its resources.

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP) has been supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation, primarily through a contractwith the University of California which, in turn,subcontracted to Global Marine Incorporated forthe services of the D/V Glomar Challenger.

Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci-ence Foundation supported the scientific adviso-ry structure for the project and funded predrill-ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planningwas conducted under the auspices of the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory groupconsisted of over 250 members who made up 24committees, panels, and working groups. Themembers were distinguished scientists from ac-ademic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry all over the world.

In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. The IPOD member na-tions, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Uni-ted Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France, partial-ly supported the project. Each member nationactively participated in the scientific planning ofthe project through membership in JOIDES. Sci-entists from these countries also took part in thefield work aboard the D/V Glomar Challengerand postcruise scientific studies.

The first ocean coring operations for the DeepSea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968.During the ensuing years of drilling operationsin the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, theGulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec-tives that had been proposed were successfullyaccomplished. Primarily, the age of the ocean ba-sins and their processes of development were de-termined. The validity of the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading was firmly demonstrated and itsdynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broadreconnaissance and testing the involvement ofmid-oceanic ridge systems in the development ofthe ocean basin. Later legs of the Challengersvoyages concentrated on the nature of the oce-anic crust, the sedimentary history of the pas-sive ocean margins, sediment dynamics along ac-tive ocean margins, and other areas of interest.The accumulated results of this project have ledto major new interpretations of the pattern ofsedimentation and the physical and chemical cha-racteristics of the ancient oceans.

Technological advances have provided newtools which in turn have opened new dimensionsof scientific discovery. The introduction of theHydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 permitted virtu-ally undisturbed cores of soft sediment layers tobe obtained. This technological advance hasgreatly enhanced the ability of scientists to studyancient ocean environments, as recorded by sed-iment characteristics and flora and fauna pre-served in these deposits.

A second major advance has been the use ofthe hole after drilling. The project routinely log-

ged holes and performed geophysical and geo-chemical studies before, during, and after drill-ing. Long-term downhole geophysical seismicmonitoring devices have been implanted success-fully in DSDP holes. These new listening devicesand geophysical studies have provided valuableinformation about the origin and nature of thedynamic processes of plate tectonics.

These reports contain the results of the initialstudies of the recovered core material and the as-sociated geophysical information. All the workTspeople benefit either directly or indirectly fromthis fundamental research. Knowledge about pastand present conditions and processes are thefoundations for future predictions and develop-ments. Both short- and long-term benefits are ob-tained by advances in drilling technology and in-strumentation. Information is being obtainedabout the origin and geographic distribution ofnatural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challeng-er had a profound impact on scientific thoughtfor over a century, this second Challenger expe-dition has given a greater understanding of theoceans and the processes that form and shape theearth.

Erich Bloch,Director

Washington, D.C.

VI

Recognizing the need in the Oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major Oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics formed, in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at SanDiego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of thesedimentary drilling program. It was the pur-pose of this group to foster programs to in-vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath thedeep oceans by drilling and coring. Themembership of this original group was laterenlarged in 1968 when the University ofWashington became a member, and again in1975 when University of Hawaii Institute ofGeophysics, the Oregon State UniversitySchool of Oceanography, the University ofRhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra-phy, and Texas A&M University Department ofOceanography became members. In accordancewith international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, theBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany,the Centre National pour PExploitation desOceans of France, the Natural EnvironmentResearch Council of the United Kingdom, theUniversity of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy ofSciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, ColumbiaUniversity's Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory operated a drilling program in thesummer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau regionoff Jacksonville, Florida.

vn

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.

Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and Paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.

Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-

ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p. xix) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.

In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.

The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.

vin

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEPEARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany

University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans, Paris

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory

University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Natural Environment Research Council, London

Oregon State University, School of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

University of Washington, Department ofOceanography

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

University of Texas at Austin

OPERATING INSTITUTION:

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Dr. M. N. A. PetersonPrincipal InvestigatorProject Manager

Mr. Robert S. BowerAssistant Project Manager forAdministration and Contracts

Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist

Mr. Ed DeanFinance Administrator

Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer

Includes member organizations during time of cruise.This institution and its committees and panel members were noncontribut-ing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.

IX

Participants aboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg: Ninety-six

Dr. Arnold H. BoumaCo-Chief Scientist

Gulf Research and Development CompanyHouston, Texas 77236

Dr. James M. ColemanCo-Chief Scientist

Coastal Studies InstituteLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

Dr. James BrooksOrganic Geochemist

Department of OceanographyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843

Dr. William BryantPhysical Properties Specialist


Mr. Richard ConstansPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Chevron U.S.A. Inc.New Orleans, Louisiana 70112

Dr. Michel CremerSedimentologist

Laboratoire de Géologie et OceanographicLaboratoire Associé au CNRS N 197Université de Bordeaux 133405 TalenceFrance

Dr. Laurence I. DrozSedimentologist

Laboratoire de Géodynamique Sous-Marine06230 Villefranche-sur-MerFrance

Dr. Toshio IshizukaOrganic/Inorganic Geochemist

Ocean Research InstituteUniversity of TokyoTokyo 164Japan

Dr. Mahlon C. Kennicutt IIOrganic Geochemist


Dr. Barry KohlPaleontologist (foraminifers)

Chevron U.S.A. Inc.New Orleans, Louisiana 70112

Dr. Audrey W. MeyerSedimentologist/Staff Science

RepresentativeDeep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. William R. NormarkSedimentologist

Branch of Pacific Marine GeologyU.S. Geological SurveyMenlo Park, California 94025

Ms. Suzanne O'ConnellSedimentologist

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryPalisades, New York 10964

Ms. Mary ParkerPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Department of GeologyFlorida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida 32306

Dr. Kevin T. PickeringSedimentologist

Department of GeologyGoldsmith's CollegeUniversity of LondonLondon SE14 6NWUnited Kingdom

Ms. Claudia SchroederPaleontologist (foraminifers)

Department of GeologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 3J5Canada

XI

Mr. Charles E. SteltingSedimentologist

Gulf Research and DevelopmentCompanyHouston, Texas 77236

Dr. Dorrik A. V. StowSedimentologist

Grant Institute of GeologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JWScotlandUnited Kingdom

Dr. William E. SweetPhysical Properties Specialist

Mineral Management ServiceMetairie, Louisiana 70010

Dr. Andreas WetzelPhysical Properties Specialist

Geologisches InstitutD-7400 TubingenFederal Republic of Germany

Dr. Jean K. WhelanOrganic Geochemist

Department of ChemistryWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWood Hole, Massachusetts 02543

Mr. Glen FossCruise Operations Manager

Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Mr. Melvin FieldsWeatherman


Captain Joseph A. ClarkeMaster of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine Drilling Co.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. Howard P. GuillotDrilling Superintendent

Global Marine Drilling Co.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. Dennis GrahamLaboratory Officer


Mr. William MillsCuratorial Representative


Mr. William MeyerSystem Manager


Mr. James PineChemist


Mr. Jeff SkellyLogging Engineer

Schlumberger Offshore Services, Inc.Houston, Texas 77017

Mr. Daniel A. LarsonElectronics Technician


Mr. Craig DootsonMarine Technician


Mr. Tom HaldemanMarine Technician


Mr. Will SooterMarine Technician


xπ

Mr. Dave LoudenMarine Technician


Ms. Virginia RomanPhotographer


Ms. Louise HenryYeoperson


Deep Sea Drilling Project Publication Staff

Publications ManagerJan H. Blakeslee

EditorsMarian G. BaileySusan OrlofskyKatie L. Turner

Production ManagerRaymond R Silk

Production AssistantsPatricia DuleyMadeleine A. Mahnken

Production CoordinatorsCarolina BertlingMary A. Young

Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman

IllustratorsAileen Bobryk (this volume)Vicki CypherdKathleen SandersonAlice N. Thompson

xiπ

JOIDES AdvisoryGroups1

Executive CommitteeDr. D. James Baker, Jr.

University of WashingtonProf. Dr. Friedrich Bender

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Alan Berman, Chairman

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesDr. Bernard Biju-Duval

Centre National pour I'Exploitation des OceansDr. John C. Bowman

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. G. Ross Heath

Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Jose Honnorez (ex-officio Planning Committee Repre-

sentative)Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

Dr. John A. KnaussUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. Arthur MaxwellUniversity of Texas at Austin

Dr. Noriyuki NasuUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. William A. NierenbergScripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Melvin N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Barry RaleighLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Robert D. ReidTexas A&M University

Dr. Alexander V. SidorenkoU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. John SteeleWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Planning CommitteeDr. Jean Aubouin

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Helmut Beiersdorf

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Richard Buffler

University of Texas at Austin

Dr. Joe R. CannUniversity of Newcastle- Upon-Tyne

Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington

Dr. Dennis E. HayesLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Jose Honnorez, ChairmanRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Lev NikitinU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Hans SchraderOregon State University

Dr. Richard P. von HerzenWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. Edward L. WintererScripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. Richard Bennett

Naval Ocean Research and Development ActivityMr. Robert E. Boyce (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Richard Carlson

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Walter E. Dean, Jr.

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. George deVries Klein, Chairman

University of Illinois, UrbanaDr. Leland Kraft

McClelland Engineers, Inc.Dr. Michael T. Ledbetter

Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesDr. I. Nick McCave

University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsMembership at time of cruise.

XV

Dr. Gregory MountainLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Peter RotheUniversitàt Mannheim

Dr. Peter P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Earl W. Baker

Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Simon C. Brassell

University of BristolDr. Egon T. Degens

Universitàt HamburgDr. Eric Galimov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John M. Hunt

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Keith A. Kvenvolden

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Philip A. Meyers

University of MichiganDr. Hans Schrader (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit, Chairman

Oregon State University

Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Daniel E. Appleman, Chairman

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. John C. Hathaway

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr.

University of California, Los AngelesDr. Michael S. Loughridge

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. Marthe Melguen

Bureau National des Données OcéaniquesDr. Russell Merrill (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMrs. Judit Nowak

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. John B. Saunders

Naturhistorisches Museum BaselDr. Valery V. Zdorovenin

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Industrial Liaison PanelMr. R. L. Adams

Conoco, Inc.Prof. Nikolai P. Budnikov

Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.Mr. Melvin J. Hill

Gulf Oil Exploration and Production CompanyDr. Ing. Guenter Peterson

Gewerkschaft WalterMr. W. A. Roberts, Chairman

Energy Concepts, Inc.Dr. Gilbert Rutman

Société Nationale des Pétroles d'AquitaineMr. G. Williams

United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd.Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Roger N. Anderson

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Henri Bougault

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO)Dr. John R. Delaney

University of WashingtonDr. Donald Elthon

University of HoustonProf. Dr. Rolf Emmermann

Universitàt GiessenDr. Kenneth C. MacDonald

University of California, Santa BarbaraDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James Natland (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Minoru Ozima

University of TokyoDr. Paul Robinson, Chairman

Dalhousie UniversityDr. Hans Schouten

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Ralph Stephen

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John Tarney

University of LeicesterDr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Peter F. Barker

University of BirminghamDr. Jean-Paul Cadet

Université d'OrléansDr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

xvi

Dr. Darrell CowanUniversity of Washington

Dr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)University of Washington

Dr. Yury I. DmitrievU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Dennis Hayes (ex-officio)Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Donald M. Hussong, ChairmanHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Daniel KarigCornell University

Dr. John W. LaddLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Kazuaki NakamuraUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Roland von HueneU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Hansjust WaltherBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Mikhail E. Artemiev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Arnold H. Bouma

Gulf Research and Development CompanyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Karl Hinz

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hideo Kagami

University of TokyoDr. Charlotte Keene

Geological Survey of CanadaDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Lucien Montadert

Institut François du PétroleDr. David G. Roberts, Chairman

British Petroleum Co., Ltd.Dr. William B. F. Ryan

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Sigmund Snelson

Shell Oil CompanyDr. Jòrn Thiede

Christian-A Ibrechts UniversitàtDr. Brian E. Tucholke

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Peter R. Vail

Exxon Production CompanyDr. Jan E. van Hinte

Vrije UniversiteitDr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and SafetyDr. Nikolai J. Beliy

Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. Rustum Jean Byramjee

Compagnie François des PétrolesDr. George Claypool

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Louis E. Garrison, Chairman

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Arthur E. Green

Exxon Production Research LaboratoryDr. Jose Honnorez (ex-officio)

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceProf. A. J. Horn

Atherton, CaliforniaDr. Ernst Hotz

Deminex, Essen, Federal Republic of GermanyDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. David B. MacKenzie

Marathon Oil CompanyDr. Geoffrey D. Taylor

British Petroleum Company, Ltd.Advisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Stephen E. Calvert

University of British ColumbiaDr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio)

University of Newcastle- upon- TyneDr. Henry Elderfield

University of LeedsDr. Michel Hoffert

Université de Bretagne OccidentaleDr. Miriam Kastner, Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Margaret Leinen

University of Rhode IslandDr. Igor D. Ryabchikov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Sam Savin

Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Fred L. Sayles

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Hubert Staudigel

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl

Universitàt GöttingenStratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. Ivan Basov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lloyd H. Burckle

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatoryxvn

Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Prof. Dr. Erlend MartiniUniversitàt Frankfurt

Dr. Catherine NigriniLa Habra Heights, California

Dr. Richard Z. Poore, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Downhole Measurements PanelDr. Keir Becker (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Nikolas I. Christensen

University of WashingtonDr. Timothy J. G. Francis

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Roy Hyndman

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,British Columbia

Mr. Alfred H. JagelerAmoco Production Research Company

Dr. Reinhard JungBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Dr. Hajimu KinoshitaChiba University

Dr. Mark MathewsLos Alamos National Laboratory

Dr. Yury NeprochnovU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio)U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Vincent RenardCentre National pour VExploitation des Oceans

Dr. Richard P. von Herzen, ChairmanWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Advisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Michael Arthur, Chairman

University of South Carolina, ColumbiaDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Herve Chamley

Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille

Dr. Robert G. DouglasUniversity of Southern California

Dr. Dieter FüttererUniversitàt Kiel

Dr. Robert E. GarrisonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

Dr. James D. HaysLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. Robert B. KiddNatural Environment Research Council

Dr. Theodore C. Moore, Jr.Exxon Production Research Company

Dr. Seymour O. SchlangerNorthwestern University

Dr. Yokichi TakayanagiTohoku University

Dr. Fritz TheyerHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Peter P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeMr. Carl Brenner (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Fred Duennebier

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Dennis Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. E. John W. Jones, Chairman

University College of LondonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo

University of TokyoDr. Vincent Renard

Centre Océanologique pour I'Exploitation des OceansDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Alexander A. Schreider

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Wilfried Weigel

Universitàt Hamburg

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SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY*

Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of DeepSea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to(1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their cruise, and supportshorebased investigators who are preparing contribu-tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ-ual investigators with materials to conduct detailedstudies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) providepaleontological reference centers with samples forreference and comparison purposes; and (4) provideeducators with samples for teaching purposes.

Funding for sample-related activities must be securedby the investigator independently of requesting thesamples.

The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsiblefor distributing samples and for preserving and con-serving core material. The Curator, who may acceptadvice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDESadvisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro-visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re-sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples thathave been distributed, both onboard ship and subse-quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi-ents and the nature of investigations proposed. Thisinformation is available to interested investigators onrequest.

Every sample distributed from the ship or from a re-pository is labeled with a standard identifier, whichincludes leg number, hole number, core and sectionnumbers, and interval within the section from whichthe sample was removed. It is imperative that thisstandard identifier be associated with all data report-ed in the literature, and that residues of the sampleremain labeled throughout their lives, so that laterworkers can relate the data to the cores.

Distribution of sample materials is made directly fromthe repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ-atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or TexasA&M University) by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to ODP Reports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re-ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator,Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order torequest samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe-cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least

•Revised October 1984

TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of thatcruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re-quest in conjunction with other requests, so that asuitable shipboard sampling program can be assem-bled. The request should include a statement of thenature of the proposed research, size and approxi-mate number of samples required to complete thestudy, and any particular sampling technique or equip-ment which may be required. Requests will be re-viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien-tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis-approval will be based upon the scientific require-ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriateJOIDES advisory ρanel(s). The scope of a requestmust be such that samples can be processed, thatproposed research can be completed, and that the pa-per can be written in time for submission to the rele-vant ODP cruise report.

Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem-eral properties, the total volume of samples removedduring a cruise-related sampling program will not ex-ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, andno interval will be depleted. One-half of all recoveredmaterials will be retained in the archives in as pristinea condition as is practicable. Investigators requestingshipboard samples of igneous materials may receive amaximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise.

Because many sample requests are received for ship-board work and because the time of the shipboardparty is at a premium, co-chief scientists are stronglyurged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimumnecessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore-based investigators whose requests for cruise-relatedsamples are approved should expect that they will re-ceive the samples after the cores are returned to therepository, and should schedule research activities ac-cordingly.

Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who arenot cruise participants to perform special studies ofselected core samples in direct support of shipboardactivities. If this occurs, the names and addresses ofthese investigators and details of all samples loanedor distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu-rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise,immediately after the cruise. These investigators areexpected to contribute to the cruise reports as thoughthey had been cruise participants. All requirementsof the Sample Distribution Policy apply.

Any publication of results other than in ODP re-ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the

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cruise must be approved and authored by the wholeshipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebasedinvestigators. After twelve months, individual inves-tigators may submit related papers for open publica-tion provided they have already submitted their con-tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which arenot completed in time for inclusion in ODP reportsfor a specific cruise may be published in a later edi-tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appearin another journal until the ODP report for whichthey were intended has been published.

2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports

A. Researchers who wish to use samples for stud-ies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re-ports should obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe-cify the quantities and intervals of core re-quired, to make a clear statement of the natureof the proposed research, to state the timewhich will be required to complete the workand to submit results for publication, and tospecify funding status and the availability ofequipment and space for the research.

Additionally, if the requestor has received sam-ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/she will be required to account for the dispo-sition of those samples by citing publishedworks, six (6) copies of which must be sent tothe Curator. If no report has been published,this requirement can be fulfilled by sending abrief (two or three page) report of the statusof the research. Unused and residual samplesshould be returned and data should be sent tothe Curator if the project has terminated. Pa-leontological materials may be returned eitherto the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig-nated paleontological reference centers. If ma-terial is returned to a reference center, notifythe Curator when it is sent.

Requests for samples from researchers in in-dustrial laboratories will be honored in thesame manner as those from academic organi-zations. Industrial investigators have the sameobligations as other investigators to publish allresults promptly in the open literature and toprovide the Curator with copies of all reportspublished and of all data acquired in their re-search.

In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be consid-

ered together, approval of requests and distri-bution of samples will be delayed until twelve(12) months after completion of the cruise ortwo (2) months after official publication of thecore descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. Theonly exceptions to this policy will be made forspecific requests involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples may be based oncore descriptions published in ODP reportsproduced by the shipboard party, copies ofwhich are on file at various institutionsthroughout the world. Copies of original corelogs and data are kept on open file at ODP,and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography.

B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand-ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In-vestigators must provide explicit justificationof requests for larger sample sizes or for fre-quent intervals within a core. Requests whichexceed reasonable size or frequency limits willrequire explicit justifications and more time toprocess, and are unlikely to be granted in theirentirety.Requests for samples from thin layers, fromstratigraphically important boundaries, fromsections which are badly depleted or in unusu-ally high demand may be delayed in order tocoordinate requests from several investigatorsor while the Curator seeks advice from thecommunity. Investigators who submit such re-quests may expect to receive suggestions foralternative sampling programs or that theyjoin a research consortium which will sharethe samples. In any event, such exceptional re-quests will require more time for processingthan will more routine requests.Investigators who wish to study ephemeralproperties may request a waiver of the waitingperiod; however, such requests will be referredautomatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap-proved, the investigator will join the shore-based contributors to the shipboard scienceeffort, and will incur the obligations thereof(see section 1).

C. Samples will not be provided until the reques-tor assures the Curator that funding for theproposed research is available or unnecessary.If a sample request is dependent in any wayupon proposed funding, the Curator is pre-pared to provide the proposed funding organi-zation with information on the availability (orpotential availability) of suitable samples.

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D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol-lowing obligations:(1) To publish significant results promptly;however, no contribution may be submitted forpublication prior to twelve (12) months fol-lowing the termination of the relevant leg un-less it is approved and authored by the entireshipboard party.

(2) To acknowledge in all publications that thesamples were supplied through the assistanceof the international Ocean Drilling Programand others as appropriate.

(3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of allpublished works to the Curator, Ocean Drill-ing Program, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re-prints will be distributed to the repositories, tothe ship, to the National Science Foundation,and to the Curator's reprint file.

(4) To submit all final analytical data obtainedfrom the samples to Data Base Manager, OceanDrilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Pleaseconsult recent issues of the JOIDES Journalor call (409-845-2673) for information on ac-ceptable data formats. Investigators should beaware that they may have other data obliga-tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policyor under relevant policies of other fundingagencies which require submission of data tonational data centers.

(5) To return all unused or residual samples, ingood condition and with a detailed explana-tion of any processing they may have experi-enced, upon termination of the proposed re-search. In particular, all thin sections andsmear slides manufactured onboard the vesselor in the repositories are to be returned to theCurator. Paleontological materials may be re-turned either to the Curator at ODP or to oneof the designated paleontological reference cen-ters.

Failure to honor these obligations will preju-dice future applications for samples.

E. Cores are available for examination by inter-ested parties at the repositories. Investigatorsare welcome to visit the repositories in order toinspect cores and to specify sample locationswhen that is required for their research; how-ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim-ited, so advance appointments are required.Occasionally, the space may be fully bookedseveral weeks in advance, so investigators areurged to call for appointments well ahead in

order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu-rator or his delegate may actually remove sam-ples from the cores.

F. A reference library of thin sections, smearslides, and archive photographs is maintainedin the repositories for the use of visting inves-tigators. All thin sections and smear slides pro-duced onboard the ship or in the repositoriesbelong to this library.

3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer-ence Centers

As a separate and special category of repository ac-tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale-ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma-terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing(mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos-sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will beprepared in the future. The present centers are ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie-del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse-um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82);and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt,New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Futurecenters are likely to include Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479);Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NewYork; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan.

Further details concerning the paleontological refer-ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDESJournal.

4. Distribution of Samples for Educational PurposesSamples may be available in limited quantities to col-lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interestededucators should request application forms from theCurator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re-questors are required to specify preferred sample sizeand location, to make a very clear statement of thenature of the coursework in which the samples will beused, to explain how the core samples will be pre-pared and how they will be used in the classroom, toexplain in detail why they cannot use similar materi-als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOTacceptable to argue that it requires less effort for therequestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as-semble them from other sources), and to certify thatfunds are available to prepare the materials for class-room use. In general, only samples of materials whichare abundant in the collection and which are in littledemand for research purposes should be requestedfor educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-

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prove requests for materials which are limited in sup-ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great,including most paleontological materials.

5. Distribution of DataThe Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean DrillingProgram routinely capture much of the data gener-ated onboard ship and published in Program reports.Additionally, data supplied by investigators who havereceived samples are incorporated into the data bases,so data sets which are larger than can be publishedare available to investigators. Magnetics, downholelogging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth-er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail-able for distribution to investigators at the same timeas core samples.

At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continueto be distributed by the Data Base Manager, DeepSea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California,San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge willbe made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in-curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti-mates of charges can be furnished before the work isperformed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data willbe available primarily from the National GeophysicalData Center, Boulder, Colorado.Requests for ODP data should be addressed to theData Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469,U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be includedin ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDPdata will be available from the ODP Data Base Man-ager.

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CONTENTS

Chapter Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1

1. EXPLANATORY NOTES: DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 96, MISSIS-SIPPI FAN, GULF OF MEXICO 3A. W. Meyer

2. INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES, ANDPRINCIPAL RESULTS OF DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 15A. H. Bouma, J. M. Coleman, andA. W. Meyer

PART I. SITE CHAPTERS

3. MIDDLE FAN INTRODUCTION ANDSUMMARY 39Shipboard Scientific Party

4. SITE 621 43Shipboard Scientific Party




8. LOWER FAN INTRODUCTION ANDSUMMARY 177Shipboard Scientific Party





13. FAN MARGIN INTRODUCTION ANDSUMMARY 313Shipboard Scientific Party

Chapter Page


15. INTRASLOPE BASIN INTRODUCTIONAND SUMMARY 361Shipboard Scientific Party



PART II. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHIC ANDSEDIMENTOLOGIC STUDIES

18. SUMMARY OF DRILLING RESULTS FORTHE MISSISSIPPI FAN AND CONSIDER-ATIONS FOR APPLICATION TO OTHERTURBIDITE SYSTEMS 425W. R. Normark, A. W. Meyer, M. Cremer,L. Droz, S. O'Connell, K. T. Pickering,C. E. Stelting, D. A. V. Stow, G. R. Brooks,J. Mazzullo, H. Roberts, and P. Thayer

19. LATE PLEISTOCENE SEISMIC STRATIG-RAPHY OF THE MISSISSIPPI FAN 437C. E. Stelting, L. Droz, A. H. Bouma,J. M. Coleman, M. Cremer, A. W. Meyer,W. R. Normark, S. O'Connell, andD. A. V. Stow

20. ACOUSTIC FACIES AND SEDIMENTCOMPOSITION OF THE MISSISSIPPIFAN DRILL SITES, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 96 457S. O'Connell and W. R. Normark

21. FACIES, COMPOSITION, AND TEXTUREOF MISSISSIPPI FAN SEDIMENTS, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96, GULFOF MEXICO 475D. A. V. Stow, M. Cremer, L. Droz,A. W. Meyer, W. R. Normark, S. O'Connell,K. T. Pickering, C. E. Stelting, S. A. Angell,and C. Chaplin

22. SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROLOGY OFMISSISSIPPI FAN DEPOSITIONAL ENVI-RONMENTS, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 96 489P. A. Thayer, H. H. Roberts, A. H. Bouma,and J. M. Coleman

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Chapter Page Chapter Page

23. STRATIFICATION IN MISSISSIPPI FANCORES REVEALED BY X-RAY RADIOG-RAPHY 505J. M. Coleman, A. H. Bouma,H. H. Roberts, and P. Thayer

24. SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES OF FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS FROM THEMISSISSIPPI FAN: THIN-SECTIONANALYSIS 519M. Cremer and D. A. V. Stow

25. SOURCES OF SAND FOR THE MISSISSIPPIFAN 533J. Mazzullo

26. A MASSIVE CARBONATE GRAVITY-FLOW DEPOSIT INTERCALATED INTHE LOWER MISSISSIPPI FAN 541G. R. Brooks, L. J. Doyle, andJ. I. McNeillie

27. GAMMA-RAY WELL-LOG CHARACTER-ISTICS, LEG 96 547J. M. Coleman, R. Constans, andA. H. Bouma

28. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDI-MENTARY PROCESSES IN ORCA ANDPIGMY BASINS 563A. H. Bouma, C. E. Stelting, and Leg 96Sedimentologists

29. MINERALOGY AND INCIPIENT DIA-GENESIS OF PIGMY BASIN SEDIMENTS,HOLE 619, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJ-ECT LEG 96 577T. T. Tieh, S. V. Stearns, and B. J. Presley

PART III. CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES

30. SUMMARY OF CHRONOSTRATI-GRAPHIC STUDIES, DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 96 589B. Kohl, D. F. Williams, M. T. Ledbetter,R. E. Constans, J. W. King, L. E. Heusser,C. Schroeder, and J. J. Morley

31. ACCUMULATION RATES OF MISSIS-SIPPI FAN SEDIMENTS CORED DURINGDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 . . . 595A. Wetzel and B. Kohl

32.

33.

37.

34.

35.

36.

38.

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRA-TIGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATIC INDI-CES FOR THE LATE QUATERNARY,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96,GULF OF MEXICO 601R. E. Constans and M. E. Parker

CHANGES IN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERASSEMBLAGES ACROSS THE HOLO-CENE/PLEISTOCENE BOUNDARY, SITES619, 620, 621, 622, AND 624, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 631C. J. Schroeder

SURVEY OF POLLEN AND SPORES,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 . . . 643L. E. Heusser

RADIOLARIANS FROM DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 649J. J. Morley and B. Kohl

LATE QUATERNARY PLANKTONIC FOR-AMINIFERS FROM THE PIGMY BASIN,GULF OF MEXICO, SITE 619, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 96B. Kohl

ISOTOPE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY ANDCARBONATE RECORD FOR QUATER-NARY SITE 619, PIGMY BASIN, LOUISI-ANA CONTINENTAL SLOPED. F. Williams and B. Kohl

PALEOMAGNETIC AND ROCK-MAG-NETIC STRATIGRAPHY OF PIGMY BA-SIN, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTSITE 619, LEG 96J. W. King

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671

39. LATE PLEISTOCENE TEPHROCHRONO-LOGY OF PIGMY BASIN, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT SITE 619, LEG 96..M. T. Ledbetter

PART IV. GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES

40. GEOCHEMISTRY SUMMARY—LEG 96—THE MISSISSIPPI FANJ. K. Whelan

41. INTERSTITIAL WATER CHEMISTRY,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96B. J. Presley and S. Stearns

677

685

691

697

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Chapter Page Chapter Page

42. INTERSTITIAL WATER GEOCHEMISTRYAND CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE MIS-SISSIPPI FAN AND ORCA AND PIGMYBASINS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 96 711T. Ishizuka, H. Kawahata, and S. Aoki

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

PRELIMINARY DATA ON DISSOLVEDORGANIC CARBON AND SUGAR ININTERSTITIAL WATER FROM THE MIS-SISSIPPI FAN AND ORCA AND PIGMYBASINS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 96 729T. Ishizuka, V. Ittekkot, E. T. Degens, andH. Kawahata

INORGANIC MAJOR, MINOR, ANDTRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRYAND CLAY MINERALOGY OF SEDI-MENTS FROM THE DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 96, GULF OFMEXICO 733K. T. Pickering and D. A. V. Stow

NONVOLATILE ORGANIC MATTER INSEDIMENTS FROM SITES 614 TO 623,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 . . . 747M. C. Kennicutt II, D. A. DeFreitas,J. E. Joyce, and J. M. Brooks

ORGANIC MATTER IN LEG 96 SEDI-MENTS: CHARACTERIZATION BYPYROLYSIS 757J. K. Whelan and M. Tarafa

EVIDENCE FOR SULFATE-REDUCINGAND METHANE-PRODUCING MICRO-ORGANISMS IN SEDIMENTS FROMSITES 618, 619, AND 622 767J. K. Whelan, R. Oremland, M. Tarafa,R. Smith, R. Howarth, and C. Lee

48. HYDROGEN- AND CARBON-ISOTOPECOMPOSITIONS OF METHANE FROMDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE618, ORCA BASINR. A. Burke, Jr., W. M. Sackett, andJ. M. Brooks

49. MOLECULAR AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSISOF CORE GASES AND GAS HYDRATES,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 96 .R. C. Pflaum, J. M. Brooks, H. B. Cox,M. C. Kennicutt II, and D.-D. Sheu

50. HYDROCARBON GEOCHEMISTRY ANDBIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN ORCA ANDPIGMY BASIN SEDIMENTS (SITES 618AND 619)A. G. Requejo, J. K. Whelan, andP. D. Boehm

PART V. GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES

51. CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICSAND PERMEABILITY OF MISSISSIPPIFAN SEDIMENTSW. Bryant, A. Wetzel, E. Taylor, andW. Sweet

52. ANISOTROPY AND MODES OF DEPOSI-TION OF PELITIC MISSISSIPPI FANDEPOSITSA. Wetzel

53. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF IN-TRASLOPE BASIN SEDIMENTS, GULFOF MEXICO, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 96, SITE 619W. Bryant, A. Wetzel, and W. Sweet

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The scientific party of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)Leg 96 thanks the Captain, ship's officers and crew, and DSDPmarine technical staff of Leg 96 for their unfailing coopera-tion and enthusiasm, notwithstanding the fact that this wasthe final cruise of the Glomar Challenger and demobilizationand unemployment faced many at the end of the voyage. GlennFoss, Cruise Operations Manager, and Jeff Skelly, Schlum-berger Logging Engineer, are especially thanked for their pa-tience and hard work.

We thank the members of the DSDP shore-based staff fortheir help in getting this Initial Reports volume published in avery timely manner, especially: Katie Turner, for editing ourmanuscripts; Aileen Bobryk for drafting numerous figures;Pat Duley for typing site chapter revisions; and Carol Bertlingfor coordinating volume production. Manuscripts publishedin this volume benefited from the helpful reviews by: S. Ali,M. Arthur, E. Bandurski, C. Barker, T. Barrett, W. Behrens,D. Buffler, D. Bukry, P. Carlson, R. Carlson, G. Claypool, B.Clement, J. Damuth, R. Ehrlic, M. Feeley, A. Fleet, L. Gar-rison, J. Gieskes, F. Gradstein, D. Habib, S. Henriches, C.Holmes, G. Holzer, I. Jarvis, I. Kaplan, L. Keigwin, D. Krins-ley, K. Kvenvolden, H. Lee, K. McDougall, R. Moiola, H.Nelson, I. Noorany, N. O'Brien, W. Orr, A. Palmer, P. Park-er, K. Peters, D. Piper, W. Poag, B. Presley, R. Rezak, W. Rie-del, H. Roberts, W. Rose, W. Sackett, D. Schnitker, J. Schoon-maker, S. Self, L. Shephard, L. Sirkin, L. Tauxe, C. Taylor,E. Taylor, J. Thiede, P. Valent, J. van Andel, J. Wermund, D.Wiesenburg, D. Williams, and S. Wise.

Chevron U.S.A. generously allowed us extensive use of oneof their crewboats, which made it possible for more than theusual number of Challenger scientists to participate in the ship-board activities of Leg 96.

We thank the participants of the COMFAN (Committee onFans) meeting held at the Gulf Research and DevelopmentCompany facilities in Harmarville, Pennsylvania, on 7-9 Sep-tember 1982, for input in the selection of drill sites and plan-ning of Leg 96 drilling. And, finally, thanks are due the JOIDESPassive Margin Panel members who fought so hard to makethis cruise happen.