Definition

Herniation of bowel loops & other abdominal organs through a defect in the abdominal wall w/ no associated covering /sac

Defect just to the right of the umbilical cord

Embryology

During the 4th week of development, the lateral body folds move ventrally and fuse in the midline to form the anterior body wall.

Incomplete fusion defect that allows abdominal viscera to protrude through the abdominal wall.

The bowel typically herniates through the rectus muscle, lying to the right of the umbilicus.

Risk Factors

High-risk pregnancies complicated by infection

young maternal age

Smoking / drug abuse

anything that contributes to low birth weight can increase the incidence of gastroschisis

Differential DiagnosisANTS & CLAUDING— may table form yung ddx see if pwede na

o congested pa dinThanks!!!

P.S. Same lang yung table at di table form

Pili lang k..thanks again

Omphalocele• a defect in the anterior abdominal wall with extrusion of

abdominal organs. • covered by a membrane (consisting of an outer layer of

amnion and an inner layer of peritoneum) with the cord inserting through these covering.

• In contrast with gastroschisis there is a high association with other malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

• Congenital hernia of the abdominal wall an extra-abdominal mass on the right of the normal umbilical cord insertion.

• Bladder extrophy: abdominal wall defect of the infra-umbilical region in which bladder mucosa is exposed. Ultrasound findings are absence of a fluid-filled intrapelvic bladder and a soft tissue mass seen at the lower abdomen.

• Cloacal dystrophy: also known as OEIS complex: association of omphalocele, bladder extrophy, imperforate anus and spina bifida.

• Limb body wall complex (body stalk anomaly): a set of disruptive abnormalities characterized by a severe body-wall defect (thorax, abdomen or both), evisceration of the abdominal organs into an amnioperitoneal sac and a shortened or absent umbilical cord

• Pentalogy of Cantrell: large abdominal wall defect characterized by omphalocele, ectopia cordis and disruption of the distal sternum, anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic pericardium. It appears on ultrasound as a large thoracoabdominal wall defect containing the heart and much of the abdominal contents

• Beckwith Wiedeman syndrome: omphalocele, organomegaly (liver, splenic and renal enlargement), macroglossia and polyhydramnios

Diagnosis Rule In Rule Out

Omphalocele defect in the anterior abdominal wall with extrusion of abdominal organs.

• herniation into the base of the umbilical cord•high association with other chromosomal abnormalities•Intact abdominal wall•organs remain enclosed in visceral peritoneum.

OEIS

(Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate anus-Spinal defects)

A midline infra-umbilical defect with an irregular mass: in the inferior abdominal wall or cystic anterior wall structure

Bladder not seen

malformative complex associates an omphslocele, an exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, & spinal defects.

Bladder extrophy soft tissue mass seen at the lower abdomen.

bladder mucosa is exposed. Ultrasound findings are absence of a fluid-filled intrapelvic bladder

Beckwith-Weidemann

Syndrome

Abdominal wall defect Syndrome of exomphalos, macroglosia,gigantism, hypoglycemia

Diagnosis Rule In Rule Out

Umbilical Hernia an extra-abdominal mass bulging on the right of the normal

umbilical cord insertion.

bowel or omentum bulges thru weakened umbilical ring (failure of umbilical ring to close)

Reducible, incarceration uncommon

Resolves spontaneously