Italiano II

Il 5 di ottobre 2016

All make-up work after school as always

Extra help always available after school

Before school by appointment (let me know)

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Using Past Tenses English to Italian

TENSES

Present Perfect Tense -ENGLISH

Pteterite or (past Absolut/Simple Past)

Thepreterite, in USEnglishalsopreterit(abbreviatedpretorprt), is agrammatical tenseorverbform serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past. In general, it combines theperfective aspect(event viewed as a single whole; it is not to be confused with the similarly namedperfect) with thepast tense, and may thus also be termed theperfective past. In grammars of particular languages the preterite is sometimes called thepast historic, or (particularly in theGreekgrammatical tradition) theaorist.

When the term "preterite" is used in relation to specific languages it may not correspond precisely to this definition. In English it can be used to refer to thesimple past verb form, which sometimes (but not always) expresses perfective aspect. The case ofGermanis similar: thePrteritumis the simple (non-compound) past tense, which does not always imply perfective aspect, and is anyway often replaced by thePerfekt(compound past) even in perfective past meanings.

Preterite may be denoted by theglossing abbreviationpretorprt. The word derives from the Latinpraeteritum(the perfectpassive participleofpraetere), meaning "passed by" or "past".

Definition

Intraditional grammar, thepreterit(e)is the simplepast tenseof theverb, such aswalkedorsaid.

In English, the preterit(e) is typically formed by adding thesuffix-edor-tto thebase form of a verb. This form is sometimes referred to as thedental preterit(e).

The term is usually spelledpreteritinAmerican English,preteriteinBritish English.

Examples and Observations"Theyjumpedandlaughedandpointedat the solemn guards.""Iremovedthe crucible from the wire stand, andpouredthesilver. Some of the metalraninto the mold, some of itspilledover the outside, and some of itadheredto the crucible."

"Weclimbedthe mountain sides, andclamberedamong sagebrush, rocks and snow.

"Bensnatchedthe squash from her,sprintedacross the living room,trippedover a toy he'd left there andspilttheentire contents of the glass over the sofa."

"During many of the group sessions, the women and Ipainted, glued, cut, pasted, talked, listened, ate, drank, laughed, cried, andengagedin collaborative processes of reflection and action."

BackshiftingAnother use of thepreteriteshows up in indirect. Notice the contrast betweenhasandhadin this pair.

Kim has blue eyes.

If I say to Stacy, I can use "The most obvious cases of backshift are withverbs of reportingthat are in the preterite, liketoldorsaid."

We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions:

Unfinished Actions

We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' an action or state has continued with 'since' and 'for'. Often, we usestative verbsin this situation:

I've knownKaren since 1994.

She's livedin London for three years.

'Since' and 'For'

We use 'since' with afixed time in the past(2004, April 23rd, last year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated with thepast simple(since I was at school, since I arrived):

I've known Samsince1992.

I've liked chocolatesinceI was a child.

She's been heresince2pm.

We use 'for' with aperiod of time(2 hours, three years, six months):

I've known Julieforten years.

I've been hungryforhours.

She's had a coldfora week.

Finished Actions

1: Life experience(we don't say when the experience happened, just sometime in the past)

Ihave beento Tokyo.

Shehas livedin Germany.

Theyhave visitedParis three times.

Wehave never seenthat film.

Have you ever read'War and Peace'?

2: A finished action with a result in the present(focus on result)

I've lostmy keys (so I can't get into my house).

She's hurther leg (so she can't play tennis today).

They've missedthe bus (so they will be late).

I've cookeddinner (so you should come and eat).

3: With an unfinished time word(this month, this week, today, in the last year)

Ihaven't seenher this month.

She's drunkthree cups of coffee today.

This week they've beenshopping four times.

Note: Wecan'tuse the present perfect with a finished time word:

'Been' and 'Gone'

In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances.

Been

We use'been'(often when we talk about 'life experience') to mean that the person being talked about has visited the place, and come back. Notice the preposition 'to':

I'vebeento Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).

She hasbeento school today (but now she's back at home).

They have neverbeento California.

Gone

We use'gone'(often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person is at the place now:

'Where's John?' 'He'sgoneto the shops' (he's at the shops now).

Julie hasgoneto Mexico (now she's in Mexico).

They'vegoneto Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).

Review of Work from last Thursday and Friday

Preparazione per lesame

A Ripassare il lavoro della settimana scorsa

Italian III Block I and Block III -Sentieri textbook

Work from the 29th of September 2016 Giovedi THURSDAY

please complete the following

Sentieri Textbook-

page 126 PRATICA section I 2 and 3.

Copy section 1 as it is in the book and respond

Complete section 2 and 3 in complete sentences

page 127 PROVALO! bottom of page 127

Copy the Provalo! as it is in the boo and answer.

page 138 Passato Prossimo with AVERE

Review pages 138 and 139.

complete :

page 138 PRATICA Section 1 Copy the activity and answer

Section 2 and Section 3 Answer in complete sentences

PROVALO! bottom of page 139 1-8 answer in complete sentences

If students complete the assignments above they may continue to complete the following:

Sentieri textbook

Page 140 CONOSCERE and SAPERE

page 140 Pratica Sectons: 1, 2, and 3.

page 141 PROVALO! complete

30 September 2016

Lesson Plans for Mr. J Capaldo-Masi FRIDAY JUEVES

All classes in room 135

All work must be written on looseleaf complete heading- neat and easy to read please!

Complete all work from: 29 September 2016 Thursday All work is on the WEBSITE for ALL CLASSES. SEE MY WEBSITE to finish any work not completed yesterday!!!

Italian III Block I and III

SENTIERI textbook

page 162 DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS copy the information on pages 162 and 163.

Copy the work in your notebooks.

Attivita: Complete the following on looseleaf

PRATICA

page 162 Sections 1, 2, and 3.

page 163 PROVALO! Please write out the complete sentences.

page 176 INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

please copy the information on page 176 and on page 177 as review!

On looseleaf:

please complete the PRATICA on page 176 Sections 1 2 and 3.

Complete page 177 PROVALO! Write out complete sentences.

PAGE 178 and page 179 in notebooks please copy the information on pages 178 (adverbs) and 179 (adjective and adverb) in notebooks

Page 178 PRATICA please complete sections 1 2 and 3.

________________________________________________

Compiti

1. On looseleaf SENTIERI textbook

Pagina 138 copy the sentences and fill in the blanks (use rulers please)

PRATICA Sections 1, 2 and 3.

Pagina 139 COMUNICAZIONE

Section 5 and PROVALO!

Per il 29 di settembre 2016

Mini lezione

2. On looseleaf with the complete heading

Write out the following Three Sections

Direct Object Pronouns

Indirect Object Pronouns

Disjunctive Pronouns

In each section you must write out the Italian AND the English Pronouns

For each section. You must explain what they are and show how to use them.

Each section must have five sentences which demonstrate their uses

Example for Direct Object Pronouns:

I see her every day.

Io la vedo tutti I giorni.

IN BOCCA AL LUPO

IN BOCA AL LUPO!!!!!!

Lugares Turisticos

Soccer

ITALIANO III!!

Direct object pronouns in English

Sapere/Conoscere

sapere: to know, know how (to), can; to be aware (of), learn, hearIrregular second-conjugation Italian verbTransitive verb (takes adirect object) or intransitive verb (does not take adirect object) conjugated with theauxiliary verbavere

INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO

SAPERE to know a FACT

SAPERE

Presente

io

so

tu

sai

lui, lei, Lei

sa

noi

sappiamo

voi

sapete

loro, Loro

sanno

loro, Loro

sapevano

loro, Loro

seppero

Futuro Semplice

io

sapr

tu

saprai

lui, lei, Lei