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Metals and non-metals

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Investigating the melting properties of metals

List of equipment: bunsen burner, nail Heat a piece of metal in a bunsen burner

flame. Does the metal melt? What does this tell us about the melting

points of metals?

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Investigating the shiny properties of metals

List of equipment: Magnesium, sandpaper Rub a piece of magnesium metal with

some sandpaper. What do you notice?

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Investigating the heating conducting properties of metals

List of equipment: thumb tack, 3 metal rods, bunsen burner, tripod, vaseline

Place a tub tack on apiece of a metal rod.

Watch what happens when you heat the rod?

What does this tell us about metals?

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Investigating the electrical properties of metals

List of equipment: 6V battery, bulb, 2 leads, metal, plastic ruler

Set up an electrical circuit See page 166 of your textbook. Place a piece of metal in the circuit. What

happens to the bulb? Place a piece of plastic in the circuit. What

happens to the bulb?

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Investigating the sonorous properties of metals

List of equipment: tuning fork Tip the side of a tuning fork on the table? What do you notice? What does this tell us about metals?

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Investigating reaction of metals with water 5 test tubes Calcium Magnesium Copper Iron Aluminium carbon

Universal indicator Wooden splint

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Investigating reaction of metals with water Place metal sample in test tube. Add 5ml of water and 5 drops of

universal indicator to test tube Place a stopper on test tube Measure number of bubbles you see in

20 seconds. If there is enough gas coming off test this

gas with a lighted splint.

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Result

Element No of bubbles

Calcium

Magnesium

Iron

Copper

Aluminium

Carbon(control)

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Investigating reaction of metals with HCL 5 test tubes Calcium(white) Magnesium Copper(brown) Aluminium(grey) Carbon(control)

Wooden splint Concentrated acid

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Predict what will happen when

Mg is added to acid(HCl) Ca is added to acid(HCl) Fe is added to acid(HCl) Al is added to acid(HCl) Cu is added to acid(HCl) C is added to acid(HCl)

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Safety precautions

Safety glasses gloves

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Investigating reaction of metals with HCL

Place metal sample in test tube. Add 5ml of HCl Place a stopper on test tube Measure number of bubbles you see in

20 seconds. If there is enough gas coming off test this

gas with a lighted splint.

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Result

Element No of bubbles+colour change

Calcium

Magnesium

Iron

Copper

Aluminium

Carbon

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Discussion of results

When a metal reacts with an acid, a salt and hydrogen are formed. This is the general word equation for the reaction:

metal+ acid    salt+ hydrogen

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Alloys

Alloy What is it made from

Use

Brass Cu + Zn Musical instruments

Bronze Cu + Sn Satues

Solder Pb + Sn Soldering

Mild steel Fe + C Buildings

Stainless steel Fe + Cr + Ni Knives/forks

/sinks

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Is diamond an element?

Is Diamond a metal?

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NO!

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Diamond is made from carbon atoms that are bonded in a very rare way!

They are only found in nature.

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Where do diamonds come from? The first diamonds were found in

ancient times in India.   Large diamond deposits were found in Brazil around the 1720's.  Huge diamond fields were discovered in Siberia in 1956.  In the 1860's,  diamonds were found in South Africa.  This led to a diamond rush in the Kimberly Fields.  Now, most of the world's diamonds come from South Africa. 

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How old are diamonds? but did you know a diamond could be the

oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old.

Diamonds also may be formed under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts.

Investigating the conditions that cause “rusting”-Tasks to be carried out

We want to place a nail test-tube

Half –filled in water We want to place a nail in boiled water

under a layer of oil. We want to place a nail air dried and no

water

We want to place a nail fully in water

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List of apparatus 4 nails, Mass balance cotton wool, boiled cooled water, oil 4 Test-tubes

Test-tube rack Calcium chloride

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Variables Controls Moisture in air Mass of nail Oxygen in water

Type of nail is not changing

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Method

Write about how you set up the experiment

We weighed each nail before we started.

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The only metal that rusts is iron

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Questions

What happens to water when it is bolied and cooled?

Answer: The dissolved oxygen is removed.

What does calcium chloride do? Answer: It soaks up all the moisture in

the air.

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Can you predict which test tubes will rust and why?

A

B

C

D

Conclusions-to be filled in next week

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Comments

Could we have carried out the experiment any differently?

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Classwork

Page 171

Questions 1 to 11

Questions 12 to 16

Page 172

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We will leave the nails for a week and check our result

Do your predictions match the actual result?

Write out your observations .