demo r&d needs

DEMO R&D needs

M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E Working Group on DEMO:

P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski, D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla,

D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm

13.04-2011 1Fusion Workshop

Plan

• Introduction: The international strategy towards the realisation of fusion

• The role of DEMO• Physics issues• Technology issues• IFMIF• BA and DEMO• Conclusion: some personal views


DEMO and the road map towards the realisation of fusion

• “Fast track”: combination of Demo and Proto


Fusion Workshop 4

DEMO presented at Villamoura IAEA conference (2004)

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Possible Sequence of Existing, Pillar and Buttress Devices in the ‘Variant’ Fast TrackProgramme [Cook et al.]13.04-2011

Comparison between a few scenarios EFDA STAC report 2007


- 6 -Definition of DEMODefinition of DEMO

2040s 2040s

CFPPCFPP2030s 2030s

DEMODEMO

2007 -2007 -

KSTAKSTA

RR

2015 -2015 -

ITERITER- Commercial usageCommercial usage- Reliable & economicReliable & economic

- D-T burning plasmaD-T burning plasma- 500 MW, Q~10500 MW, Q~10- Test blanket Test blanket module module - Fusion technologyFusion technology

- Large-scale power Large-scale power generation generation- Economical viability(?) Economical viability(?) - Fusion power plant Fusion power plant design and operation design and operation technology technology

??M. Kwon et al. ISFNT 2007


Korea

Fusion Workshop 7

Energy needs &Indian Fusion Road Map

ADITYA Tokamak

1986Steady State Physics and

related technologies

SST-1 2004

scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy

ITER Participation 2005

• Qualification of Technologies• Qualification of reactor

components & Process

DEMO 2037

Indigenous Fusion Experiment

SST-2 2022

Fusion Power Reactor

Power Plant 2050

R. B. Grover et al., Energy Policy (2006) 2834

S. P. Deshpande et al. ISFNT 200713.04-2011

India

13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 8

USA

EU-Ja Broader Approach• EU and Japan are joining competencies in the

frame of the Broader Approach towards DEMO

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20352005

ITER ConstructionExtended OperationBasic Operation

Blanket Test

Blanket Development

Decomm.

Blanket and Technology Development IFMIF Design Construct. Fusion Materials Test and Optimisation

Design Concept Studies Construction OperationDEMO

Commercial Power Plant Development

TODAY’sEXPTs.

TECH. R&D

Physics Programme in Current Facilities

(JET, DIIID, JT-60, Other Facilities)

913.04-2011 Fusion Workshop

DEMO concepts

• DEMO should be based on the tokamak concept

• Stellarator should require at least one intermediate step following the W7-X class of device

• The Group recommends to pursue an active stellarator programme in view of the intrinsic advantages of the stellarator concept


The roles of DEMO (1)

• DEMO should be able to deliver to the grid significant net electricity power (several hundreds of MW) in steady state during an extended period of time (to be defined during the operation schedule).

• Steady state electricity production even with a long pulse plasma (10 hours) with a short dwell time (15 minutes) is possible with energy storage, which is not a cost driver.


The roles of DEMO (2)

• Qualification of key components for a fusion power plant

• A list of physics and technology issues were identified

• It is important to mention that an integrated design is needed and both physics (plasma scenarios) and technology must be included, so that constraints from both fields be taken into account and accommodated


What could be a DEMO workplan?

• Details could be found in the report of the Group

• The EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology Annex of the Implementing Agreement makes use of the recommendations of the report.


Physics issues

• Steady state operation at high bootstrap fraction, MHD limits, ITB formation…

• Operation at high density (above the Greenwald limit)

• Power exhaust linked to the power handling capability of PFC and first wall

• Disruptions• Control: issue of diagnostics sensors and

actuators (H&CD, fuelling)


Technology (1)

• Beyond ITER, there are still several major technology issues to be addressed and solved for DEMO:

o Enabling technologies o Material characterisationo Nuclear and engineering lifetime performance

of in vessel components , especially breeding blankets (T self sufficiency) and divertor/PFC


Technology (2)

• Overarching considerations: Maintenance (including issues of remote handling), availability, and efficiency.

• The fields of R&D :H&CD technology, In vessel components, Tritium handling system and Fuel cycle, Diagnostics and Control, Remote Handling, Superconducting magnets, Materials, Power plant and General issue about availability and efficiency.

•


Technology (2)

• Divertor and maintenance deserve the highest priority attention in future R&D programmes, since they will be crucial for the success of DEMO and of the realisation of fusion.


DEMO and IFMIF• The need for IFMIF (versus other spallation

sources) (Cf. Talk by A. Moeslang tomorrow):

13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 18Ref. E. Pritcher, Fusion Material Irradiation at the Materila Test Station, LA-Ur-07-6217

Issue of transmutation caused by the neutrons in this part of the spectrum?

DEMO and IFMIF• IFMIF is part of the programme which includes

DEMO device.• IFMIF main milestones: June 2015: Start of experiments on the

accelerator prototype; June 2017: End of studies in the frame of BA.• In the present financial planning (until the end

of ITER construction), IFMIF construction is not within the budget of 6.6 b€ of F4E.


BA activities• It is agreed between EU and Japan that during

the next phase of the DEMO Joint Work, will be subdivided into 3 Phases: Phase-2a includes the definition of DEMO technical requirements (~3 years), Phase-2b the analysis of possible engineering choice (~2 years), and Phase-2c the Conceptual Design Activities (CDA) of one or two (or three) possible DEMO concepts


Some personal views as conclusion (1)

• We need to converge on a DEMO concept with the ultimate goal to achieve as early as possible a power plant :

1. Early DEMO : how early is early? Will it really help us move faster to a power plant? Pros and cons, risk assessment.

2. Steady state plasma versus 10 h type of plasma with energy storage (to have a steady state electricity production).



• A realistic roadmap for DEMO and an indicative one for a power plant should then be drawn. This vision would be helpful for the relation with industry.

• A critical assessment (including priorities) of the R&D requirements should be made after a concept review and choice is performed. These requirements should be translated in the Accompanying Programme.



• A team (physicist, engineer and industry) should be formed to perform pre-conceptual study of DEMO.

• Issues must be solved by the 3 communities: no «Someone else problem» or worst «Let the other community solved our problem» attitude.



• While it is generally agreed that industry should be involved, theindustrial strategy, instruments and related funding are still to be defined.

• RAMI must be accounted for from the start in the programme: the community is still lacking data on reliability and availabilty of many of the components.



• Availability of electricity production will be a key issue when DEMO will be connected to the grid

13.04-2011

Fusion Workshop

25

The goal of DEMO availability when connected to the grid (horizontal scale = time, arbitrary and non linear, vertical axis: electricity production)

(Actual availability during one year of 1 GWe NPP)

Planned shut down

Fusion Workshop


• Human resources (and, related to it, a clear funding situation for DEMO) will be a key issue to be able to start and sustain a vibrant DEMO programme: we cannot and should not have a stop and go programme.


Thank you for your attention


Additional material from the report


demo r&d needs

Documents

fusion workshopwhat

fusion workshoptechnology

indian fusion road mapr

combination of demo

definition of demo

demo workplan

demo rd needsm

technology annex