democratic governance ingovernance in pakistan and … spring2008... · democratic governance...
TRANSCRIPT
Democratic Governance inGovernance in Pakistan and Bangladesh
Seizing the Day Awaiting the Dawn
Mridul Chowdhury, Jason Wendle, Yuko Watanabe, Leila Nathoo, Sara
Qutub, Nataly Sabharwal, y
Recommendation to UNDP: Seizing the Day | Awaiting the Dawng y | g
Pakistan BangladeshCore and mobilized Governance budget should be increased to take advantage of current opportunities.
Major reforms should wait until after the next elections.
1 Continue/ Expand Support for1. Continue/ Expand Support for Electoral Process
2. Expand the Access to Information Program
1. Continue/Expand Parliamentary Development
2 Extend Electoral Reform Program
3. Maintain Status Quo with “Police Reform Project”
2. Extend Electoral Reform3. Modify Decentralization Support4. Initiate Anti-Corruption Program
4. Resume “Strengthening Parliamentary Democracy” Project after the upcoming elections
YW3
Slide 2
YW3 I added animation...so that the traffic lights will show up at the end....but delete them if they are too muchYuko Watanabe, 4/15/2008
Recommendation Framework: Respond to Needs and ConstraintsRespond to Needs and Constraints
Public
Country DG Priority
Current UNDP Engagement
Country Readiness
UNDP Readiness ResponseService Area:
Administration & Anti-Corruption
Electoral
What are the most significant governance needs?
Wh t i UNDPSystems
Decentralization & Local
Governance
What is UNDP doing now in this area? How is its budget prioritized?
D liti
• Add new programs?
• Change existingGovernance
Justice & Human Rights
Do realities on the ground limit or enhance successful intervention in
• Change existing programs?
• Do nothing?
Parliamentary Development
intervention in this area?
Does the appropriate intervention fall within
Media & Access to Information
UNDP’s capabilities & comparative advantage?
The Choice in Pakistan is Not What to Reform but Where to StartReform but Where to Start
•Ranked 138/179 in TI’s 2007 Corruption Perceptions IndexPublic
Country DG PriorityService Area:
Ranked 138/179 in TI s 2007 Corruption Perceptions Index •National Accountability Bureau highly politicized
• History of rigged elections and low turnout, though recent elections
Administration & Anti-Corruption
Electoral judged as fair.
• Center exercises tight control, increasing ethnic tension.• Provinces get limited resources, local government lacks capacity.
Systems
Decentralization & Local
Governance g , g p y
• New gov’t has released assertive judges imprisoned by Musharraf in Oct 2007, but rights abuses continue (CIRI 2006).
Governance
Justice & Human Rights
Parliament constrained by military and Presidency (FH: Not Free)Weak policy making and oversight capacity.
Parliamentary Development
Ranked 152/169 countries in 2007 Press Freedom Index, howevernew govt has lifted Emergency restrictions on vibrant independent media.
Media & Access to Information
Governance has been the Lowest UNDP Budget Priority in PakistanUNDP Budget Priority in Pakistan
Governance10%Crisis Mgt/Prevention
20%
2004-2008 Budget for UNDP Pakistan:
Poverty25%
($170 million of which $25 million is UNDP regular resources)
Gender (Non-Gov)21%
Energy/Environment24%
Active UNDP Governance Programs in Pakistan Service Area Size ($mil)
Support to Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment (DTCE) Decentralization 51.46
Essential Institutional Reforms Operationalization Programme (EIROP) Decentralization 2.39
Support to Good Governance Group (Phase III) Decentralization 3.52
Assistance to Governance Reforms and Practices in Balochistan (AGRP-B) Decentralization 3.8
Supporting Democratic Electoral Processes in Pakistan (SDEPP) Phase II Electoral Systems 3.85
Support to National Elections in Pakistan (SNEP) Electoral Systems 53.5
Strengthening Democracy Through Parliamentary Development in Pakistan Parliamentary Dev. 2.77
Source: UNDP Pakistan
Seizing the Day: New Gov’t Paves Way for Unprecedented Opportunitiesy p pp
Public
Service Area: UNDP Readiness
• No current budget but potential
Government Readiness
• New democratic government in l d lik l h i
Overall Readiness
Administration & Anti-Corruption
Electoral S
• No current budget, but potential partnerships exist: ADB, WB.
• Recently completed project (SNEP)
place and likely emphasis on transparency.
• Requires government buy-in, Systems
Decentralization & Local
Governance
proved useful contribution of UNDP.
• Large current local gov. projects, but limited effectiveness due to political interference
achievable at present.
• Historical lack of political support for provincial autonomy.• Decreased support for local gov’tGovernance
Justice & Human Rights
political interference.
• Politically sensitive; • Judicial reform already supported by ADB
Decreased support for local gov t. reform under new government
• New government has committed to I improve rule of law and judicial freedoms
Parliamentary Development
by ADB
• Ongoing project & partner (IPU). • UNDP core activities may make useful difference.
• Opportunity for political buy-in given recent elections.
freedoms
Media & Access to Information
• Too politically sensitive • Key to progress in media is parliamentary control & capacity.
Pakistan Recommendation: Seizing the Day
Action plans Potential Partners
• Initiate New Corruption
g y
• Government ministries;Initiate New Corruption Programs: Start with DialogNew
• Government ministries; World Bank (PIFRA); ADB (Access to Justice)
Tweak
• Expand Parliamentary Dev Projects: Committee & Legislative Capacity
• Extend Electoral System
• Parliamentary Development: USAID for experiential knowledge.
• Electoral
Increase Governance
Budget in ModifyTweak yProject to EC Professionalization
• Reorient Decentralization Program to Include Provincial
Electoral Support:International IDEA for expertise; USAID, EU, DFID for funding
• Decentralization: ADB
Budget in Light of New Opportunities
Modify
Program to Include Provincial Government
Status Quo • No Change In Human RightsNo Change In Human Rights
and Media Approach
Upcoming Election is the Highest Priority for Bangladeshy g
Public
Country DG PriorityService Area:
• Anti-corruption commission placed many political leaders in jail, Administration & Anti-Corruption
Electoral
including 2 former PMs. • Issue of national image because of no. 1 position in CPI index in 4 consecutive years from 2002 till 2005
• Promise of holding fair democratic elections dependent on completeSystems
Decentralization & Local
Governance
Promise of holding fair democratic elections dependent on complete voter database.
• Effort to hold local elections before national elections despite oppositionGovernance
Justice & Human Rights
opposition.
• Effort to make judiciary independent from civil administration. • Corruption in police untouched.
Parliamentary Development • No parliament for past 1.5 years.
Media & Access to Information
•Ministry of Information put out long-awaited draft of Right to Information Act 2008.
Election Has Been Focus of UNDP’s Governance Work in BangladeshGovernance Work in Bangladesh
UNDP Bangladesh Size of Democratic Governance ProjectsDemocratic Governance Projects (2008)
ProgramBudget (USD mil)Partners Implementer
Police Reform Program 15.8 DFID, EC Min of Home Affairs
Civil service change management program 5.5 Min of Establishment
Support to the electoral process 3.9 Election Commission Secretariat
Preparation of electoral roll with photo 84 7 Bangladesh Election CommissionPreparation of electoral roll with photo 84.7 Bangladesh Election Commission
Promoting access to justice and human rights 3.0Min of Law, Justice,Parliamentary Affairs
Source: UNDP Bangladesh
Awaiting the Dawn: Getting ready for a New Government
Public
Government ReadinessService Area: UNDP Readiness•ACC very strong and independent
•No current involvement due to Administration & Anti-Corruption
Electoral
independent•Little public admin. reform
•EC working with multiple
political sensitivity.
•75% of UNDP’s program budget.’Systems
Decentralization & Local
Governance
EC working with multiple partners
•Lack of parliament barrier in decision-making.
•UNDP’s core competence.
•No specific project in this area-part of other UNDP programs.
Governance
Justice & Human Rights
•Military-backed government de-emphasizing human rights •Military itself engaged in rule of law and security
•Police reform project in place.•No specialization on human rights/judiciary.
Parliamentary Development
law and security.
•No parliament at the moment.
g j y
•Long-standing project suspended temporarily.
Media & Access to Information
•Resistance from civil administration (Right to Information not passed).
•UNDP program A2I.
Bangladesh Recommendation:Awaiting the Dawn
Action plans Potential Partners
• None for now
New
• Emphasize “Strengthening EC” project
• Election Commission Secretariat, Ministry of Law, Justice, and
Major reforms
should wait • Invest in policies for e-
governance and RTI through A2I program.
Parliamentary Affairs, Ministry of Information
Modifytill after the next
elections.
• Police reform project not high priority for govt.
• Defer in estment in• DFID, EC, Police,
Ministry of HomeStatus Quo • Defer investment in
parliamentary development and local governance.
Ministry of Home Affairs, Parliament Secretariat
Quo
UNDP’s Core Competencies Inform Response
As a multilateral organization serving member states, UNDP’s unique position in the “governance space”UNDP’s unique position in the “governance space” provides both opportunities and limitations. It’s work:
• Policy Advice and Technical Support
• Capacity Development of Institutions and People
• Advocacy, Communications, and Public Information
• Promotion and Brokerage of Dialogueg g
• Knowledge Networking and Sharing of Good Practices
13Source: http://www.us.undp.org/pastbulletins/2007/10.07.pdf