demographic proﬁle: waleska - atlanta regional...

Demographic Profile:Waleska

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

WALESKA Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

50−54

80−84

55−59

85 and over

75−79

25−29

65−69

30−34

60−64

Under 5

70−74

35−39

5−9

40−44

10−14

45−49

15−19

20−24

100 50 0 50 100 150

Males

Females

Waleska

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile WALESKA

Race and Latino Origin

83%

9%

1%4% 3%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Waleska

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

16%

26%

44%

14%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Waleska

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

44%

21%

35%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Waleska

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

56%

37%

5% 2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Waleska

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 644 100.0%

Under 5 years 12 1.9%5 to 9 years 15 2.3%10 to 14 years 23 3.6%15 to 19 years 176 27.3%20 to 24 years 247 38.4%25 to 29 years 12 1.9%30 to 34 years 17 2.6%35 to 39 years 22 3.4%40 to 44 years 19 3.0%45 to 49 years 16 2.5%50 to 54 years 10 1.6%55 to 59 years 10 1.6%60 to 64 years 14 2.2%65 to 69 years 14 2.2%70 to 74 years 14 2.2%75 to 79 years 7 1.1%80 to 84 years 9 1.4%85 years and over 7 1.1%

Median age (years) 20.8 (X)

16 years and over 589 91.5%18 years and over 585 90.8%21 years and over 304 47.2%62 years and over 63 9.8%65 years and over 51 7.9%

Male population 301 46.7%Under 5 years 4 0.6%5 to 9 years 6 0.9%10 to 14 years 13 2.0%15 to 19 years 71 11.0%20 to 24 years 119 18.5%25 to 29 years 7 1.1%30 to 34 years 10 1.6%35 to 39 years 13 2.0%40 to 44 years 9 1.4%45 to 49 years 6 0.9%50 to 54 years 7 1.1%55 to 59 years 6 0.9%60 to 64 years 6 0.9%65 to 69 years 8 1.2%70 to 74 years 6 0.9%75 to 79 years 2 0.3%80 to 84 years 5 0.8%85 years and over 3 0.5%


16 years and over 277 43.0%18 years and over 273 42.4%21 years and over 159 24.7%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 29 4.5%65 years and over 24 3.7%

Female population 343 53.3%Under 5 years 8 1.2%5 to 9 years 9 1.4%10 to 14 years 10 1.6%15 to 19 years 105 16.3%20 to 24 years 128 19.9%25 to 29 years 5 0.8%30 to 34 years 7 1.1%35 to 39 years 9 1.4%40 to 44 years 10 1.6%45 to 49 years 10 1.6%50 to 54 years 3 0.5%55 to 59 years 4 0.6%60 to 64 years 8 1.2%65 to 69 years 6 0.9%70 to 74 years 8 1.2%75 to 79 years 5 0.8%80 to 84 years 4 0.6%85 years and over 4 0.6%


16 years and over 312 48.4%18 years and over 312 48.4%21 years and over 145 22.5%62 years and over 34 5.3%65 years and over 27 4.2%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 644 100.0%

One Race 625 97.0%White 548 85.1%Black or African American 57 8.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 1 0.2%Asian 9 1.4%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 6 0.9%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 1 0.2%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 2 0.3%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 2 0.3%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 2 0.3%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 8 1.2%Two or More Races 19 3.0%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 6 0.9%White; Asian 2 0.3%White; Black or African American 6 0.9%White; Some Other Race 2 0.3%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 565 87.7%Black or African American 66 10.2%American Indian and Alaska Native 9 1.4%Asian 12 1.9%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 2 0.3%Some Other Race 10 1.6%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 644 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 24 3.7%Mexican 6 0.9%Puerto Rican 5 0.8%Cuban 2 0.3%Other Hispanic or Latino 11 1.7%

Not Hispanic or Latino 620 96.3%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 644 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 24 3.7%White alone 15 2.3%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 1 0.2%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 5 0.8%Two or More Races 3 0.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 620 96.3%White alone 533 82.8%Black or African American alone 57 8.9%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 1 0.2%Asian alone 8 1.2%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 2 0.3%Some Other Race alone 3 0.5%Two or More Races 16 2.5%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 644 100.0%

In households 248 38.5%Householder 96 14.9%Spouse 42 6.5%Child 74 11.5%

Own child under 18 years 55 8.5%Other relatives 14 2.2%

Under 18 years 3 0.5%65 years and over 6 0.9%

Nonrelatives 22 3.4%Under 18 years 1 0.2%65 years and over 2 0.3%

Unmarried partner 8 1.2%

In group quarters 396 61.5%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 396 61.5%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 174 27.0%Female 222 34.5%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 96 100.0%

Family households (families) 62 64.6%With own children under 18 years 27 28.1%

Husband-wife family 42 43.8%With own children under 18 years 15 15.6%

Male householder, no wife present 12 12.5%With own children under 18 years 8 8.3%

Female householder, no husband present 8 8.3%With own children under 18 years 4 4.2%

Nonfamily households 34 35.4%Householder living alone 27 28.1%

Male 14 14.6%65 years and over 4 4.2%

Female 13 13.5%65 years and over 8 8.3%

Households with individuals under 18 years 29 30.2%Households with individuals 65 years and over 34 35.4%

Average household size 2.58 (X)Average family size 3.10 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 111 100.0%

Occupied housing units 96 86.5%Vacant housing units 15 13.5%

For rent 4 3.6%Rented, not occupied 1 0.9%For sale only 1 0.9%Sold, not occupied 0 0.0%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 0 0.0%All other vacants 9 8.1%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.1 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 7.4 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 96 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 47 49.0%Population in owner-occupied housing units 94 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.00 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 49 51.0%Population in renter-occupied housing units 154 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 3.14 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

WALESKA ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Waleska Cherokee County Atlanta Regional Commission Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2014-18 Profile WALESKA

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 85 ±27 85 (X)

Family households (families) 61 ±23 71.8% ±14.6With own children of the householder under 18 years 27 ±21 31.8% ±22.6

Married-couple family 49 ±22 57.6% ±18.3With own children of the householder under 18 years 24 ±16 28.2% ±16.5

Male householder, no wife present, family 3 ±4 3.5% ±4.6With own children of the householder under 18 years 3 ±4 3.5% ±4.6

Female householder, no husband present, family 9 ±11 10.6% ±12.5With own children of the householder under 18 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3

Nonfamily households 24 ±14 28.2% ±13.8Householder living alone 24 ±14 28.2% ±13.865 years and over 20 ±13 23.5% ±13.3

Households with one or more people under 18 years 29 ±18 34.1% ±18.2Households with one or more people 65 years and over 38 ±19 44.7% ±17.3

Average household size 2.88 ±0.60 (X) (X)Average family size 3.33 ±1.57 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 245 ±93 245 (X)

Householder 85 ±27 34.7% ±17.2Spouse 55 ±23 22.4% ±3.9Child 66 ±41 26.9% ±13.2Other relatives 21 ±24 8.6% ±9.4Nonrelatives 18 ±30 7.3% ±11.9

Unmarried partner 0 ±18 0.0% ±7.5

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 292 ±79 292 (X)

Never married 232 ±77 79.5% ±15.3Now married, except separated 53 ±26 18.2% ±7.2Separated 1 ±4 0.3% ±1.4Widowed 2 ±3 0.7% ±1.0Divorced 4 ±6 1.4% ±2.0

Females 15 years and over 365 ±117 365 (X)Never married 281 ±116 77.0% ±20.0Now married, except separated 53 ±22 14.5% ±4.0Separated 4 ±7 1.1% ±1.9Widowed 14 ±12 3.8% ±3.0Divorced 13 ±12 3.6% ±3.1

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

1 ±3 1 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 0 ±13 0.0% ±1300.0Per 1,000 unmarried women 0 ±48 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 3 ±10 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±124 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 0 ±127 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 63 ±831 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

5 ±7 5 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 3 ±6 60.0% ±85.7Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±367.71 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.03 or 4 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.05 or more years 3 ±6 60.0% ±85.7

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

3 ±6 3 (X)

Who are female 1 ±3 33.3% ±74.5Who are married 3 ±6 100.0% ±0.0

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 547 ±134 547 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 1 ±4 0.2% ±0.7Kindergarten 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.4Elementary school (grades 1-8) 28 ±21 5.1% ±3.6High school (grades 9-12) 19 ±15 3.5% ±2.6College or graduate school 499 ±131 91.2% ±8.4

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 144 ±46 144 (X)

Less than 9th grade 7 ±27 4.9% ±18.49th to 12th grade, no diploma 8 ±23 5.6% ±16.2High school graduate (includes equivalency) 46 ±21 31.9% ±10.2Some college, no degree 46 ±23 31.9% ±11.9Associate’s degree 10 ±16 6.9% ±11.2Bachelor’s degree 19 ±13 13.2% ±8.3Graduate or professional degree 8 ±20 5.6% ±13.9

Percent high school graduate or higher 89.6% ±7.1 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 18.8% ±15.8 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 637 ±136 637 (X)

Civilian veterans 10 ±8 1.6% ±1.2

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 727 ±153 727 (X)With a disability 102 ±50 14.0% ±6.2

Under 18 years 90 ±42 90 (X)With a disability 19 ±28 21.1% ±29.3

18 to 64 years 583 ±140 583 (X)With a disability 63 ±39 10.8% ±6.2

65 years and over 54 ±23 54 (X)With a disability 20 ±14 37.0% ±19.5

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 714 ±148 714 (X)

Same house 353 ±100 49.4% ±9.5Different house in the U.S. 351 ±133 49.2% ±15.7

Same county 64 ±38 9.0% ±5.0Different county 287 ±128 40.2% ±15.9Same state 271 ±127 38.0% ±16.0Different state 16 ±15 2.2% ±2.0

Abroad 10 ±20 1.4% ±2.8

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 727 ±153 727 (X)

Native 701 ±159 96.4% ±8.2Born in United States 693 ±145 95.3% ±28.3State of residence 538 ±129 74.0% ±8.5Different state 155 ±67 21.3% ±8.0

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

8 ±16 1.1% ±2.2

Foreign born 26 ±30 3.6% ±4.1

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 26 ±30 26 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 0 ±13 0.0% ±50.0Not a U.S. citizen 26 ±30 100.0% ±0.0

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 34 ±34 34 (X)

Native 8 ±28 8 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±162.5Entered before 2010 8 ±24 100.0% ±460.5

Foreign born 26 ±30 26 (X)Entered 2010 or later 26 ±30 100.0% ±0.0Entered before 2010 0 ±23 0.0% ±86.6

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

26 ±30 26 (X)

Europe 1 ±4 3.8% ±14.7Asia 10 ±20 38.5% ±62.8Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±50.0Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±50.0Latin America 15 ±23 57.7% ±58.3Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±50.0

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 692 ±142 692 (X)

English only 669 ±142 96.7% ±5.4Language other than English 23 ±48 3.3% ±6.9

Speak English less than ’very well’ 10 ±79 1.4% ±11.5Spanish 13 ±24 1.9% ±3.4Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.6

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.6

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 10 ±27 1.4% ±3.9Speak English less than ’very well’ 10 ±42 1.4% ±6.0

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.6

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 727 ±153 727 (X)

American 54 ±37 7.4% ±4.8Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Dutch 5 ±5 0.7% ±0.7English 93 ±54 12.8% ±6.9French (except Basque) 46 ±41 6.3% ±5.5French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8German 68 ±40 9.4% ±5.1Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Irish 77 ±56 10.6% ±7.4Italian 19 ±24 2.6% ±3.3Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Portuguese 24 ±28 3.3% ±3.8Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Scotch-Irish 13 ±13 1.8% ±1.7Scottish 24 ±23 3.3% ±3.1Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Swedish 8 ±13 1.1% ±1.8Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Ukranian 1 ±3 0.1% ±0.4Welsh 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 5 ±10 0.7% ±1.4

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 85 ±27 85 (X)

With a computer 71 ±24 83.5% ±9.7With a broadband Internet subscription 67 ±23 78.8% ±10.3

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 648 ±134 648 (X)

In labor force 278 ±95 42.9% ±11.7Civilian labor force 278 ±95 42.9% ±11.7Employed 209 ±73 32.3% ±9.1Unemployed 69 ±81 10.6% ±12.3

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±9.0Not in labor force 370 ±111 57.1% ±12.4

Civilian labor force 278 ±95 278 (X)Unemployment Rate 24.8% ±27.9 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 356 ±117 356 (X)In labor force 157 ±76 44.1% ±15.5

Civilian labor force 157 ±76 44.1% ±15.5Employed 105 ±53 29.5% ±11.1

own children of the householder under 6 years 19 ±16 19 (X)All parents in family in labor force 18 ±25 94.7% ±104.9

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 45 ±32 45 (X)All parents in family in labor force 43 ±30 95.6% ±95.1

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 207 ±68 207 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 115 ±52 55.6% ±17.3Car, truck, or van – carpooled 27 ±26 13.0% ±11.8Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 2 ±4 1.0% ±1.9Walked 44 ±31 21.3% ±13.2Other means 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.3Worked at home 19 ±23 9.2% ±10.7

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 21.9 ±10.8 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 209 ±73 209 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 75 ±38 35.9% ±13.3Service occupations 47 ±38 22.5% ±16.2Sales and office occupations 45 ±33 21.5% ±13.9Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

7 ±15 3.3% ±7.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 35 ±23 16.7% ±9.2

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 209 ±73 209 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 0 ±18 0.0% ±8.8Construction 6 ±6 2.9% ±2.9Manufacturing 13 ±20 6.2% ±9.2Wholesale trade 0 ±18 0.0% ±8.8Retail trade 19 ±19 9.1% ±8.3Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 7 ±16 3.3% ±7.5Information 5 ±16 2.4% ±7.8Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 5 ±9 2.4% ±4.0Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

12 ±9 5.7% ±4.0

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 93 ±48 44.5% ±4.0Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

25 ±26 12.0% ±11.9

Other services, except public administration 10 ±15 4.8% ±6.8Public administration 14 ±11 6.7% ±4.9

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 209 ±73 209 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 179 ±61 85.6% ±42.0Government workers 27 ±26 12.9% ±11.6Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 3 ±5 1.4% ±2.3Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±8.8

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 85 ±27 85 (X)Less than $10,000 5 ±8 5.9% ±9.2$10,000 to $14,999 7 ±9 8.2% ±10.3$15,000 to $24,999 6 ±5 7.1% ±5.4$25,000 to $34,999 5 ±17 5.9% ±19.9$35,000 to $49,999 14 ±17 16.5% ±19.9$50,000 to $74,999 19 ±14 22.4% ±19.9$75,000 to $99,999 21 ±12 24.7% ±11.7$100,000 to $149,999 7 ±14 8.2% ±16.6$150,000 to $199,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3$200,000 or more 1 ±4 1.2% ±4.7Median household income (dollars) 53,750 ±11,761 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 58,709 ±16,240 (X) (X)

With earnings 55 ±22 64.7% ±15.7Mean earnings (dollars) 63,216 ±26,111 (X) (X)

With Social Security 40 ±19 47.1% ±16.6Mean Social Security income (dollars) 19,060 ±6,992 (X) (X)

With retirement income 21 ±13 24.7% ±13.1Mean retirement income (dollars) 24,752 ±16,604 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 8 ±8 9.4% ±8.9Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 8,600 ±11,732 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 3 ±4 3.5% ±4.6Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 7,567 ±8,609 (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 2 ±6 2.4% ±7.0

Families 61 ±23 61 (X)Less than $10,000 0 ±13 0.0% ±21.3$10,000 to $14,999 5 ±9 8.2% ±14.4$15,000 to $24,999 5 ±5 8.2% ±7.6$25,000 to $34,999 1 ±14 1.6% ±22.3$35,000 to $49,999 12 ±17 19.7% ±26.7$50,000 to $74,999 14 ±12 23.0% ±17.7$75,000 to $99,999 19 ±12 31.1% ±15.8$100,000 to $149,999 4 ±14 6.6% ±22.7$150,000 to $199,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±21.3$200,000 or more 1 ±4 1.6% ±6.5Median family income (dollars) 60,938 ±16,010 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 64,484 ±26,218 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 11,554 ±4,202 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 24 ±14 24 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 36,250 ±30,279 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 42,925 ±18,058 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 4,920 ±1,893 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

40,972 ±12,805 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

39,250 ±5,321 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 727 ±153 727 (X)With health insurance coverage 668 ±128 91.9% ±26.1With private health insurance 600 ±128 82.5% ±2.6With public coverage 140 ±53 19.3% ±6.1No health insurance coverage 59 ±39 8.1% ±5.1

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 204 ±87 204 (X)No health insurance coverage 9 ±22 4.4% ±10.7

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 469 ±109 469 (X)In labor force: 236 ±85 236 (X)Employed: 193 ±66 193 (X)With health insurance coverage 162 ±61 83.9% ±13.2With private health insurance 156 ±60 80.8% ±14.2With public coverage 6 ±8 3.1% ±4.0No health insurance coverage 31 ±18 16.1% ±7.5

Unemployed: 43 ±40 43 (X)With health insurance coverage 33 ±38 76.7% ±52.1With private health insurance 31 ±38 72.1% ±57.6With public coverage 2 ±3 4.7% ±5.5No health insurance coverage 10 ±13 23.3% ±21.1

Not in labor force: 233 ±70 233 (X)With health insurance coverage 224 ±68 96.1% ±4.2With private health insurance 210 ±70 90.1% ±13.0With public coverage 33 ±28 14.2% ±11.2No health insurance coverage 9 ±18 3.9% ±7.6

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 9.8% ±14.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 3.4% ±64.1 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±321.7 (X) (X)

Married couple families 4.1% ±8.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 3.8% ±11.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±185.7 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 44.4% ±57.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years .% ±. (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

All people 10.0% ±9.4 (X) (X)Under 18 years 3.0% ±66.4 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 3.0% ±12.0 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 0.0% ±118.5 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 4.3% ±64.0 (X) (X)

18 years and over 12.9% ±21.2 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 12.8% ±28.6 (X) (X)65 years and over 13.0% ±27.9 (X) (X)

People in families 8.9% ±11.4 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 19.2% ±29.0 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 107 ±34 107 (X)

Occupied housing units 85 ±27 79.4% ±35.7Vacant housing units 22 ±18 20.6% ±15.5

Homeowner vacancy rate 11.7 ±14.3 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 11.9 ±20.3 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 107 ±34 107 (X)

1-unit, detached 104 ±34 97.2% ±7.51-unit, attached 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.12 units 2 ±3 1.9% ±2.73 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.15 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.110 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.120 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±17.2Mobile home 1 ±2 0.9% ±1.8Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.1

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 107 ±34 107 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.1Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.1Built 2000 to 2009 6 ±9 5.6% ±8.2Built 1990 to 1999 6 ±7 5.6% ±8.2Built 1980 to 1989 20 ±14 18.7% ±11.7Built 1970 to 1979 15 ±12 14.0% ±10.3Built 1960 to 1969 16 ±14 15.0% ±12.2Built 1950 to 1959 12 ±9 11.2% ±7.6Built 1940 to 1949 4 ±5 3.7% ±4.5Built 1939 or earlier 28 ±17 26.2% ±13.5

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 107 ±34 107 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.12 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.13 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.14 rooms 3 ±4 2.8% ±3.65 rooms 45 ±24 42.1% ±18.06 rooms 27 ±12 25.2% ±7.87 rooms 12 ±12 11.2% ±10.68 rooms 11 ±10 10.3% ±8.89 rooms or more 9 ±11 8.4% ±9.9Median rooms 5.7 ±0.5 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 107 ±34 107 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.11 bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±12.12 bedrooms 30 ±17 28.0% ±13.23 bedrooms 58 ±26 54.2% ±17.14 bedrooms 13 ±11 12.1% ±9.55 or more bedrooms 6 ±7 5.6% ±6.3

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

Owner-occupied 48 ±20 56.5% ±15.2Renter-occupied 37 ±19 43.5% ±17.6

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 1.94 ±0.09 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 4.11 ±1.10 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 6 ±16 7.1% ±18.5Moved in 2015 to 2016 7 ±9 8.2% ±10.2Moved in 2010 to 2014 25 ±15 29.4% ±14.8Moved in 2000 to 2009 11 ±11 12.9% ±11.8Moved in 1990 to 1999 18 ±18 21.2% ±19.7Moved in 1989 or earlier 18 ±16 21.2% ±18.1

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

No vehicles available 0 ±18 0.0% ±21.61 vehicle available 25 ±17 29.4% ±17.72 vehicles available 42 ±22 49.4% ±20.03 or more vehicles available 18 ±23 21.2% ±26.0

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

Utility gas 52 ±19 61.2% ±11.0Bottled, tank, or LP gas 8 ±8 9.4% ±8.9Electricity 24 ±15 28.2% ±15.2Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 1 ±3 1.2% ±3.5Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3Wood 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±15.3No telephone service available 1 ±14 1.2% ±16.0

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 85 ±27 85 (X)

1.00 or less 81 ±27 95.3% ±7.51.01 to 1.50 4 ±15 4.7% ±17.31.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±30.6

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 48 ±20 48 (X)

Less than $50,000 4 ±32 8.3% ±66.8$50,000 to $99,999 7 ±28 14.6% ±58.5$100,000 to $149,999 13 ±9 27.1% ±15.5$150,000 to $199,999 10 ±16 20.8% ±31.8$200,000 to $299,999 10 ±8 20.8% ±13.3$300,000 to $499,999 4 ±8 8.3% ±15.5$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±38.3$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±46.9Median (dollars) 150,000 ±29,954 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 48 ±20 48 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 22 ±14 45.8% ±22.0Housing units without a mortgage 26 ±16 54.2% ±24.5

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 22 ±14 22 (X)

Less than $500 3 ±23 13.6% ±104.5$500 to $999 7 ±14 31.8% ±61.9$1,000 to $1,499 4 ±15 18.2% ±66.1$1,500 to $1,999 6 ±9 27.3% ±37.0$2,000 to $2,499 2 ±3 9.1% ±12.3$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±59.1$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±102.3Median (dollars) 1,063 ±747 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 26 ±16 26 (X)Less than $250 2 ±19 7.7% ±72.6$250 to $399 13 ±10 50.0% ±23.4$400 to $599 8 ±8 30.8% ±25.4$600 to $799 3 ±15 11.5% ±58.3$800 to $999 0 ±18 0.0% ±70.7$1,000 or more 0 ±32 0.0% ±122.5Median (dollars) 381 ±253 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

22 ±33 22 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 8 ±16 36.4% ±45.820.0 to 24.9 percent 8 ±8 36.4% ±65.025.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±59.130.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±59.135.0 percent or more 6 ±20 27.3% ±83.8

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

26 ±24 26 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 12 ±9 46.2% ±54.710.0 to 14.9 percent 1 ±2 3.8% ±6.815.0 to 19.9 percent 1 ±2 3.8% ±6.820.0 to 24.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±50.025.0 to 29.9 percent 6 ±9 23.1% ±27.430.0 to 34.9 percent 1 ±3 3.8% ±11.035.0 percent or more 5 ±15 19.2% ±54.5


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 32 ±18 32 (X)

Less than $500 3 ±35 9.4% ±108.8$500 to $999 4 ±30 12.5% ±92.1$1,000 to $1,499 18 ±12 56.3% ±20.4$1,500 to $1,999 7 ±10 21.9% ±28.7$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±57.5Median (dollars) 1,188 ±168 (X) (X)

No rent paid 5 ±8 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

32 ±26 32 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 2 ±14 6.3% ±42.215.0 to 19.9 percent 5 ±4 15.6% ±17.720.0 to 24.9 percent 4 ±7 12.5% ±19.425.0 to 29.9 percent 7 ±8 21.9% ±17.830.0 to 34.9 percent 1 ±4 3.1% ±12.235.0 percent or more 13 ±18 40.6% ±46.7


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 727 ±153 727 (X)

Male 313 ±86 43.1% ±7.6Female 414 ±124 56.9% ±12.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 75.6 ±30.7 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 35 ±29 4.8% ±3.95 to 9 years 18 ±18 2.5% ±2.410 to 14 years 17 ±17 2.3% ±2.315 to 19 years 272 ±117 37.4% ±14.020 to 24 years 241 ±70 33.1% ±6.725 to 34 years 19 ±13 2.6% ±1.735 to 44 years 30 ±28 4.1% ±3.745 to 54 years 22 ±12 3.0% ±1.655 to 59 years 12 ±10 1.7% ±1.460 to 64 years 7 ±21 1.0% ±2.865 to 74 years 32 ±18 4.4% ±2.375 to 84 years 12 ±10 1.7% ±1.485 years and over 10 ±9 1.4% ±1.2

Median age (years) 20.2 ±0.6 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 90 ±43 12.4% ±5.316 years and over 648 ±134 89.1% ±26.318 years and over 637 ±143 87.6% ±6.721 years and over 276 ±71 38.0% ±5.662 years and over 61 ±25 8.4% ±2.965 years and over 54 ±23 7.4% ±2.7

18 years and over 637 ±143 637 (X)Male 290 ±98 45.5% ±11.6Female 347 ±103 54.5% ±10.7Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 83.6 ±13.4 (X) (X)

65 years and over 54 ±23 54 (X)Male 13 ±9 24.1% ±13.7Female 41 ±21 75.9% ±21.4Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 31.7 ±15.7 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 727 ±153 727 (X)

One race 622 ±119 85.6% ±24.3Two or more races 105 ±59 14.4% ±7.5One race 622 ±119 85.6% ±24.3

White 415 ±99 57.1% ±6.4Black or African American 177 ±65 24.3% ±7.3American Indian and Alaska Native 20 ±28 2.8% ±3.8Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8

Asian 10 ±20 1.4% ±2.7Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.5Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Korean 10 ±20 1.4% ±2.7Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±7.4

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±5.1

Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Two or more races 105 ±59 14.4% ±7.5

White and Black or African American 7 ±13 1.0% ±1.8White and American Indian and Alaska Native 76 ±45 10.5% ±5.8White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 727 ±153 727 (X)

White 520 ±136 71.5% ±11.1Black or African American 196 ±76 27.0% ±8.8American Indian and Alaska Native 96 ±54 13.2% ±6.9Asian 22 ±29 3.0% ±3.9Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Some other race 10 ±16 1.4% ±2.2

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 727 ±153 727 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 45 ±39 6.2% ±5.2Mexican 24 ±28 3.3% ±3.8Puerto Rican 5 ±10 0.7% ±1.4Cuban 13 ±23 1.8% ±3.1Other Hispanic or Latino 3 ±19 0.4% ±2.6

Not Hispanic or Latino 682 ±152 93.8% ±6.9White alone 395 ±99 54.3% ±7.4Black or African American alone 164 ±67 22.6% ±7.9American Indian and Alaska Native alone 20 ±28 2.8% ±3.8Asian alone 10 ±20 1.4% ±2.7Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.8Two or more races 93 ±56 12.8% ±7.2Two races including Some other race 10 ±16 1.4% ±2.2Two races excluding Some other race, and 83 ±53 11.4% ±6.9Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 611 ±144 611 (X)

Male 274 ±83 44.8% ±8.5Female 337 ±118 55.2% ±14.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

demographic proﬁle: waleska - atlanta regional...

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