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Page 1: Demographic Profile: Whigham - Atlanta Regional Commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Whigham_NN.pdfWHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number

Demographic Profile:Whigham

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Page 3: Demographic Profile: Whigham - Atlanta Regional Commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Whigham_NN.pdfWHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number

Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

15−19

35−39

40−44

30−34

20−24

60−64

10−14

80−84

5−9

Under 5

25−29

50−54

45−49

65−69

70−74

55−59

75−79

85 and over

20 10 0 10 20

Males

Females

Whigham

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

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Decennial 2010 Profile WHIGHAM

Race and Latino Origin

61%

36%

1%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Whigham

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3

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WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

Housing Tenure

37%

33%

14%

16%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Whigham

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4

Page 9: Demographic Profile: Whigham - Atlanta Regional Commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Whigham_NN.pdfWHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number

Decennial 2010 Profile WHIGHAM

Households by Type

47%

19%

35%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Whigham

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5

Page 10: Demographic Profile: Whigham - Atlanta Regional Commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Whigham_NN.pdfWHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number

WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

Children by Household Type

56%

24%

20%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Whigham

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6

Page 11: Demographic Profile: Whigham - Atlanta Regional Commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Whigham_NN.pdfWHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number

Decennial 2010 Profile WHIGHAM

SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Under 5 years 35 7.4%5 to 9 years 19 4.0%10 to 14 years 26 5.5%15 to 19 years 18 3.8%20 to 24 years 18 3.8%25 to 29 years 24 5.1%30 to 34 years 27 5.7%35 to 39 years 16 3.4%40 to 44 years 16 3.4%45 to 49 years 27 5.7%50 to 54 years 32 6.8%55 to 59 years 37 7.9%60 to 64 years 23 4.9%65 to 69 years 34 7.2%70 to 74 years 31 6.6%75 to 79 years 33 7.0%80 to 84 years 24 5.1%85 years and over 31 6.6%

Median age (years) 51.7 (X)

16 years and over 388 82.4%18 years and over 383 81.3%21 years and over 370 78.6%62 years and over 160 34.0%65 years and over 153 32.5%

Male population 202 42.9%Under 5 years 20 4.2%5 to 9 years 4 0.8%10 to 14 years 13 2.8%15 to 19 years 11 2.3%20 to 24 years 6 1.3%25 to 29 years 9 1.9%30 to 34 years 16 3.4%35 to 39 years 7 1.5%40 to 44 years 6 1.3%45 to 49 years 11 2.3%50 to 54 years 16 3.4%55 to 59 years 17 3.6%60 to 64 years 11 2.3%65 to 69 years 15 3.2%70 to 74 years 11 2.3%75 to 79 years 12 2.5%80 to 84 years 9 1.9%85 years and over 8 1.7%

Median age (years) 48.0 (X)

16 years and over 162 34.4%18 years and over 160 34.0%21 years and over 152 32.3%

Continued on next page...

7

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WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 56 11.9%65 years and over 55 11.7%

Female population 269 57.1%Under 5 years 15 3.2%5 to 9 years 15 3.2%10 to 14 years 13 2.8%15 to 19 years 7 1.5%20 to 24 years 12 2.5%25 to 29 years 15 3.2%30 to 34 years 11 2.3%35 to 39 years 9 1.9%40 to 44 years 10 2.1%45 to 49 years 16 3.4%50 to 54 years 16 3.4%55 to 59 years 20 4.2%60 to 64 years 12 2.5%65 to 69 years 19 4.0%70 to 74 years 20 4.2%75 to 79 years 21 4.5%80 to 84 years 15 3.2%85 years and over 23 4.9%

Median age (years) 54.1 (X)

16 years and over 226 48.0%18 years and over 223 47.3%21 years and over 218 46.3%62 years and over 104 22.1%65 years and over 98 20.8%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

One Race 471 100.0%White 288 61.1%Black or African American 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 10 2.1%Asian 0 0.0%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 4 0.8%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%White; Asian 0 0.0%White; Black or African American 0 0.0%White; Some Other Race 0 0.0%

Continued on next page...

8

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Decennial 2010 Profile WHIGHAM

RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 288 61.1%Black or African American 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 10 2.1%Asian 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 4 0.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 4 0.8%Mexican 1 0.2%Puerto Rican 3 0.6%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 467 99.2%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 4 0.8%White alone 1 0.2%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 3 0.6%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 467 99.2%White alone 287 60.9%Black or African American alone 169 35.9%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 10 2.1%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 1 0.2%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 471 100.0%

In households 391 83.0%Householder 161 34.2%Spouse 75 15.9%Child 113 24.0%

Own child under 18 years 70 14.9%Other relatives 34 7.2%

Under 18 years 18 3.8%65 years and over 6 1.3%

Nonrelatives 8 1.7%Under 18 years 0 0.0%65 years and over 1 0.2%

Unmarried partner 5 1.1%

In group quarters 80 17.0%Institutionalized population 80 17.0%

Male 33 7.0%Female 47 10.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9

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WHIGHAM Decennial 2010 Profile

RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 161 100.0%

Family households (families) 105 65.2%With own children under 18 years 39 24.2%

Husband-wife family 75 46.6%With own children under 18 years 26 16.1%

Male householder, no wife present 6 3.7%With own children under 18 years 1 0.6%

Female householder, no husband present 24 14.9%With own children under 18 years 12 7.5%

Nonfamily households 56 34.8%Householder living alone 53 32.9%

Male 16 9.9%65 years and over 2 1.2%

Female 37 23.0%65 years and over 29 18.0%

Households with individuals under 18 years 46 28.6%Households with individuals 65 years and over 67 41.6%

Average household size 2.43 (X)Average family size 3.11 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 191 100.0%

Occupied housing units 161 84.3%Vacant housing units 30 15.7%

For rent 3 1.6%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 0 0.0%Sold, not occupied 0 0.0%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 5 2.6%All other vacants 22 11.5%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 0.0 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 10.0 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 161 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 134 83.2%Population in owner-occupied housing units 318 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.37 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 27 16.8%Population in renter-occupied housing units 73 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.70 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

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Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

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large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

3

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

4

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

5

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

6

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

7

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Whigham Grady County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

8

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 181 ±43 181 (X)

Family households (families) 109 ±36 60.2% ±13.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 47 ±28 26.0% ±14.2

Married-couple family 65 ±25 35.9% ±10.9With own children of the householder under 18 years 18 ±12 9.9% ±6.2

Male householder, no wife present, family 6 ±7 3.3% ±3.8With own children of the householder under 18 years 2 ±4 1.1% ±2.2

Female householder, no husband present, family 38 ±25 21.0% ±12.9With own children of the householder under 18 years 27 ±25 14.9% ±13.3

Nonfamily households 72 ±29 39.8% ±12.9Householder living alone 63 ±28 34.8% ±13.165 years and over 37 ±20 20.4% ±9.9

Households with one or more people under 18 years 57 ±27 31.5% ±12.9Households with one or more people 65 years and over 77 ±25 42.5% ±9.4

Average household size 2.39 ±0.39 (X) (X)Average family size 2.94 ±1.22 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 433 ±125 433 (X)

Householder 181 ±46 41.8% ±16.1Spouse 67 ±28 15.5% ±4.7Child 98 ±58 22.6% ±11.7Other relatives 46 ±34 10.6% ±7.1Nonrelatives 41 ±34 9.5% ±7.3

Unmarried partner 17 ±14 3.9% ±3.1

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 206 ±76 206 (X)

Never married 83 ±41 40.3% ±13.2Now married, except separated 85 ±35 41.3% ±8.0Separated 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.3Widowed 5 ±7 2.4% ±3.3Divorced 33 ±25 16.0% ±10.6

Females 15 years and over 245 ±78 245 (X)Never married 69 ±44 28.2% ±15.6Now married, except separated 70 ±32 28.6% ±9.2Separated 6 ±8 2.4% ±3.2Widowed 42 ±17 17.1% ±4.3Divorced 58 ±30 23.7% ±9.7

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

0 ±13 0 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 0 ±13 .% ±.Per 1,000 unmarried women 0 ±200 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 0 ±117 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±1313 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 0 ±391 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±368 (X) (X)

9

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

22 ±18 22 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 11 ±10 50.0% ±19.8Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±83.61 or 2 years 4 ±7 18.2% ±28.13 or 4 years 4 ±6 18.2% ±22.95 or more years 3 ±5 13.6% ±19.8

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

11 ±10 11 (X)

Who are female 8 ±8 72.7% ±30.3Who are married 7 ±9 63.6% ±57.9

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 92 ±52 92 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 2 ±4 2.2% ±4.2Kindergarten 2 ±4 2.2% ±4.2Elementary school (grades 1-8) 46 ±28 50.0% ±10.3High school (grades 9-12) 20 ±22 21.7% ±20.5College or graduate school 22 ±19 23.9% ±15.3

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 387 ±114 387 (X)

Less than 9th grade 38 ±33 9.8% ±7.99th to 12th grade, no diploma 60 ±36 15.5% ±8.1High school graduate (includes equivalency) 160 ±54 41.3% ±6.7Some college, no degree 58 ±24 15.0% ±4.5Associate’s degree 8 ±9 2.1% ±2.2Bachelor’s degree 38 ±22 9.8% ±4.9Graduate or professional degree 25 ±26 6.5% ±6.6

Percent high school graduate or higher 74.7% ±28.3 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 16.3% ±7.5 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 414 ±126 414 (X)

Civilian veterans 27 ±14 6.5% ±2.7

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 433 ±125 433 (X)With a disability 128 ±50 29.6% ±7.8

Under 18 years 95 ±51 95 (X)With a disability 13 ±26 13.7% ±26.3

18 to 64 years 246 ±64 246 (X)With a disability 80 ±39 32.5% ±13.3

65 years and over 92 ±28 92 (X)With a disability 35 ±18 38.0% ±16.0

10

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 508 ±154 508 (X)

Same house 404 ±123 79.5% ±2.2Different house in the U.S. 103 ±62 20.3% ±10.5

Same county 52 ±43 10.2% ±7.9Different county 51 ±44 10.0% ±8.2Same state 34 ±39 6.7% ±7.4Different state 17 ±21 3.3% ±4.0

Abroad 1 ±2 0.2% ±0.4

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 509 ±154 509 (X)

Native 504 ±156 99.0% ±6.5Born in United States 501 ±131 98.4% ±39.3State of residence 353 ±111 69.4% ±5.9Different state 148 ±69 29.1% ±10.3

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

3 ±6 0.6% ±1.2

Foreign born 5 ±7 1.0% ±1.3

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 5 ±7 5 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 3 ±6 60.0% ±85.7Not a U.S. citizen 2 ±3 40.0% ±21.5

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 8 ±9 8 (X)

Native 3 ±23 3 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3Entered before 2010 3 ±19 100.0% ±1009.4

Foreign born 5 ±7 5 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Entered before 2010 5 ±20 100.0% ±367.7

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

5 ±7 5 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Asia 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Latin America 3 ±6 60.0% ±85.7Northern America 2 ±3 40.0% ±21.5

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 504 ±154 504 (X)

English only 498 ±121 98.8% ±38.5Language other than English 6 ±44 1.2% ±8.6

Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±78 0.0% ±15.5Spanish 6 ±19 1.2% ±3.8Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±7.7

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±4.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±7.7

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±4.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±7.7

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±4.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±7.7

11

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 509 ±154 509 (X)

American 40 ±26 7.9% ±4.5Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Dutch 2 ±3 0.4% ±0.6English 20 ±17 3.9% ±3.1French (except Basque) 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6German 22 ±16 4.3% ±2.9Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Irish 67 ±39 13.2% ±6.5Italian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Scotch-Irish 1 ±3 0.2% ±0.6Scottish 21 ±21 4.1% ±3.9Slovak 2 ±3 0.4% ±0.6Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Swedish 5 ±8 1.0% ±1.5Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Welsh 4 ±5 0.8% ±1.0West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 181 ±43 181 (X)

With a computer 134 ±37 74.0% ±10.4With a broadband Internet subscription 114 ±35 63.0% ±12.2

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 430 ±131 430 (X)

In labor force 181 ±58 42.1% ±4.5Civilian labor force 181 ±58 42.1% ±4.5Employed 161 ±56 37.4% ±6.1Unemployed 20 ±66 4.7% ±15.2

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±13.5Not in labor force 249 ±66 57.9% ±23.4

Civilian labor force 181 ±58 181 (X)Unemployment Rate 11.0% ±36.0 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 235 ±71 235 (X)In labor force 100 ±43 42.6% ±13.2

Civilian labor force 100 ±43 42.6% ±13.2Employed 90 ±40 38.3% ±12.5

own children of the householder under 6 years 8 ±8 8 (X)All parents in family in labor force 3 ±14 37.5% ±173.2

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 79 ±53 79 (X)All parents in family in labor force 52 ±48 65.8% ±41.7

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 156 ±59 156 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 132 ±50 84.6% ±1.8Car, truck, or van – carpooled 23 ±22 14.7% ±13.0Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.3Walked 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.3Other means 1 ±2 0.6% ±1.3Worked at home 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.3

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 22.8 ±3.7 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 161 ±56 161 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 56 ±26 34.8% ±11.2Service occupations 28 ±21 17.4% ±11.3Sales and office occupations 30 ±24 18.6% ±13.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

18 ±12 11.2% ±6.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 29 ±28 18.0% ±16.4

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 161 ±56 161 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2 ±14 1.2% ±8.6Construction 18 ±19 11.2% ±11.2Manufacturing 21 ±18 13.0% ±10.0Wholesale trade 11 ±13 6.8% ±7.7Retail trade 22 ±16 13.7% ±8.8Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 4 ±5 2.5% ±3.0Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.4Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 9 ±11 5.6% ±6.4Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

9 ±13 5.6% ±6.4

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 19 ±12 11.8% ±6.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

23 ±19 14.3% ±10.6

Other services, except public administration 10 ±10 6.2% ±5.7Public administration 13 ±14 8.1% ±8.3

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 161 ±56 161 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 141 ±48 87.6% ±42.3Government workers 17 ±27 10.6% ±16.3Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 3 ±13 1.9% ±8.3Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.4

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total households 181 ±43 181 (X)Less than $10,000 24 ±18 13.3% ±9.4$10,000 to $14,999 16 ±14 8.8% ±7.4$15,000 to $24,999 31 ±18 17.1% ±9.0$25,000 to $34,999 14 ±11 7.7% ±5.9$35,000 to $49,999 36 ±22 19.9% ±5.9$50,000 to $74,999 32 ±21 17.7% ±5.9$75,000 to $99,999 20 ±11 11.0% ±5.5$100,000 to $149,999 7 ±16 3.9% ±8.7$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±3 0.6% ±1.7$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2Median household income (dollars) 35,764 ±12,672 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 40,708 ±7,736 (X) (X)

With earnings 122 ±40 67.4% ±15.2Mean earnings (dollars) 39,819 ±8,348 (X) (X)

With Social Security 85 ±25 47.0% ±8.1Mean Social Security income (dollars) 13,565 ±964 (X) (X)

With retirement income 33 ±18 18.2% ±9.0Mean retirement income (dollars) 14,782 ±7,676 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 13 ±13 7.2% ±7.0Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 9,215 ±4,437 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 1 ±3 0.6% ±1.7Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 11 ±9 6.1% ±4.8

Families 109 ±36 109 (X)Less than $10,000 14 ±17 12.8% ±15.0$10,000 to $14,999 5 ±7 4.6% ±6.2$15,000 to $24,999 18 ±15 16.5% ±12.9$25,000 to $34,999 6 ±7 5.5% ±5.9$35,000 to $49,999 14 ±11 12.8% ±9.2$50,000 to $74,999 28 ±20 25.7% ±16.2$75,000 to $99,999 16 ±10 14.7% ±7.8$100,000 to $149,999 7 ±16 6.4% ±14.3$150,000 to $199,999 1 ±3 0.9% ±2.7$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.9Median family income (dollars) 48,438 ±17,170 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 48,046 ±7,429 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 16,501 ±7,035 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 72 ±29 72 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 25,833 ±17,186 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 29,207 ±9,781 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 25,536 ±7,675 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

36,250 ±4,179 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

32,375 ±15,190 (X) (X)

15

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 433 ±125 433 (X)With health insurance coverage 322 ±80 74.4% ±28.4With private health insurance 208 ±65 48.0% ±5.9With public coverage 176 ±50 40.6% ±16.5No health insurance coverage 111 ±58 25.6% ±11.1

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 99 ±57 99 (X)No health insurance coverage 8 ±10 8.1% ±8.8

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 242 ±81 242 (X)In labor force: 157 ±63 157 (X)Employed: 137 ±58 137 (X)With health insurance coverage 94 ±45 68.6% ±15.3With private health insurance 94 ±45 68.6% ±15.3With public coverage 4 ±5 2.9% ±3.4No health insurance coverage 43 ±28 31.4% ±15.5

Unemployed: 20 ±20 20 (X)With health insurance coverage 3 ±6 15.0% ±26.0With private health insurance 3 ±6 15.0% ±26.0With public coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±65.0No health insurance coverage 17 ±19 85.0% ±42.4

Not in labor force: 85 ±43 85 (X)With health insurance coverage 42 ±21 49.4% ±35.1With private health insurance 15 ±12 17.6% ±10.9With public coverage 35 ±19 41.2% ±8.1No health insurance coverage 43 ±32 50.6% ±27.6

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

All families 18.3% ±15.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 34.5% ±34.1 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±2251.7 (X) (X)

Married couple families 3.1% ±4.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 4.5% ±13.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±1300.0 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 47.4% ±32.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 58.1% ±31.3 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

All people 25.1% ±11.9 (X) (X)Under 18 years 38.0% ±29.0 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 36.7% ±21.6 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 60.0% ±204.8 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 35.3% ±35.7 (X) (X)

18 years and over 21.6% ±10.5 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 25.6% ±12.7 (X) (X)65 years and over 10.9% ±16.5 (X) (X)

People in families 20.3% ±14.2 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 39.1% ±23.3 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 220 ±44 220 (X)

Occupied housing units 181 ±43 82.3% ±10.5Vacant housing units 39 ±17 17.7% ±6.9

Homeowner vacancy rate 8.5 ±8.1 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 4.6 ±7.4 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 220 ±44 220 (X)

1-unit, detached 154 ±38 70.0% ±10.11-unit, attached 1 ±3 0.5% ±1.42 units 8 ±8 3.6% ±3.63 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.95 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.910 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.920 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±8.4Mobile home 57 ±31 25.9% ±13.1Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.9

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 220 ±44 220 (X)

Built 2014 or later 4 ±6 1.8% ±2.7Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.9Built 2000 to 2009 26 ±16 11.8% ±6.9Built 1990 to 1999 39 ±25 17.7% ±6.9Built 1980 to 1989 27 ±18 12.3% ±7.8Built 1970 to 1979 25 ±15 11.4% ±6.4Built 1960 to 1969 38 ±18 17.3% ±7.4Built 1950 to 1959 6 ±8 2.7% ±3.6Built 1940 to 1949 3 ±5 1.4% ±2.3Built 1939 or earlier 52 ±23 23.6% ±9.3

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 220 ±44 220 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.92 rooms 3 ±5 1.4% ±2.33 rooms 18 ±15 8.2% ±6.64 rooms 40 ±21 18.2% ±8.85 rooms 48 ±21 21.8% ±8.56 rooms 69 ±27 31.4% ±10.57 rooms 33 ±20 15.0% ±8.68 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.99 rooms or more 9 ±8 4.1% ±3.5Median rooms 5.5 ±0.5 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 220 ±44 220 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±5.91 bedroom 7 ±8 3.2% ±3.62 bedrooms 53 ±23 24.1% ±9.33 bedrooms 129 ±39 58.6% ±13.34 bedrooms 28 ±16 12.7% ±6.85 or more bedrooms 3 ±4 1.4% ±1.8

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

Owner-occupied 119 ±36 65.7% ±12.3Renter-occupied 62 ±27 34.3% ±12.5

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.36 ±0.47 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.45 ±0.41 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 10 ±11 5.5% ±5.7Moved in 2015 to 2016 22 ±17 12.2% ±9.2Moved in 2010 to 2014 31 ±19 17.1% ±9.6Moved in 2000 to 2009 51 ±27 28.2% ±13.6Moved in 1990 to 1999 31 ±25 17.1% ±13.0Moved in 1989 or earlier 36 ±20 19.9% ±9.8

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

No vehicles available 7 ±15 3.9% ±8.41 vehicle available 74 ±30 40.9% ±13.72 vehicles available 64 ±27 35.4% ±12.23 or more vehicles available 36 ±28 19.9% ±14.4

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

Utility gas 2 ±5 1.1% ±2.7Bottled, tank, or LP gas 33 ±21 18.2% ±10.8Electricity 140 ±39 77.3% ±11.3Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2Wood 4 ±5 2.2% ±2.7Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2Other fuel 2 ±4 1.1% ±2.2No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±7.2No telephone service available 0 ±18 0.0% ±10.2

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 181 ±43 181 (X)

1.00 or less 173 ±45 95.6% ±10.01.01 to 1.50 4 ±14 2.2% ±7.91.51 or more 4 ±23 2.2% ±12.9

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 119 ±36 119 (X)

Less than $50,000 47 ±29 39.5% ±21.1$50,000 to $99,999 50 ±22 42.0% ±13.1$100,000 to $149,999 11 ±8 9.2% ±5.9$150,000 to $199,999 6 ±7 5.0% ±5.4$200,000 to $299,999 5 ±14 4.2% ±12.0$300,000 to $499,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±15.4$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±15.4$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±18.9Median (dollars) 61,400 ±14,421 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 119 ±36 119 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 46 ±24 38.7% ±16.4Housing units without a mortgage 73 ±28 61.3% ±14.5

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 46 ±24 46 (X)

Less than $500 4 ±19 8.7% ±41.6$500 to $999 33 ±22 71.7% ±29.4$1,000 to $1,499 8 ±9 17.4% ±17.2$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±28.3$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±28.3$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±28.3$3,000 or more 1 ±19 2.2% ±40.5Median (dollars) 700 ±105 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 73 ±28 73 (X)Less than $250 15 ±21 20.5% ±27.8$250 to $399 15 ±19 20.5% ±25.3$400 to $599 32 ±20 43.8% ±22.1$600 to $799 9 ±19 12.3% ±25.7$800 to $999 1 ±14 1.4% ±18.6$1,000 or more 1 ±29 1.4% ±40.0Median (dollars) 465 ±153 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

46 ±24 46 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 16 ±11 34.8% ±16.420.0 to 24.9 percent 14 ±18 30.4% ±35.625.0 to 29.9 percent 5 ±7 10.9% ±14.130.0 to 34.9 percent 2 ±4 4.3% ±8.435.0 percent or more 9 ±9 19.6% ±16.0

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

73 ±29 73 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 27 ±17 37.0% ±18.210.0 to 14.9 percent 9 ±14 12.3% ±18.615.0 to 19.9 percent 9 ±6 12.3% ±6.620.0 to 24.9 percent 5 ±7 6.8% ±9.225.0 to 29.9 percent 5 ±5 6.8% ±6.330.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±5 5.5% ±6.535.0 percent or more 14 ±14 19.2% ±18.1

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 48 ±25 48 (X)

Less than $500 5 ±35 10.4% ±72.5$500 to $999 34 ±30 70.8% ±51.4$1,000 to $1,499 9 ±16 18.8% ±32.7$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±27.1$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±27.1$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±27.1$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±38.3Median (dollars) 720 ±57 (X) (X)

No rent paid 14 ±11 (X) (X)

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

48 ±32 48 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 2 ±14 4.2% ±28.915.0 to 19.9 percent 4 ±5 8.3% ±8.820.0 to 24.9 percent 10 ±11 20.8% ±18.125.0 to 29.9 percent 7 ±7 14.6% ±10.830.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±5 8.3% ±8.835.0 percent or more 21 ±25 43.8% ±43.1

Not computed 14 ±11 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 509 ±154 509 (X)

Male 229 ±83 45.0% ±9.0Female 280 ±89 55.0% ±5.4Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 81.8 ±14.2 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 5 ±15 1.0% ±2.95 to 9 years 24 ±16 4.7% ±2.710 to 14 years 29 ±22 5.7% ±4.015 to 19 years 41 ±33 8.1% ±5.920 to 24 years 23 ±35 4.5% ±6.825 to 34 years 57 ±27 11.2% ±4.035 to 44 years 78 ±32 15.3% ±4.345 to 54 years 41 ±23 8.1% ±3.955 to 59 years 41 ±33 8.1% ±6.060 to 64 years 29 ±16 5.7% ±2.665 to 74 years 76 ±32 14.9% ±4.475 to 84 years 48 ±22 9.4% ±3.485 years and over 17 ±21 3.3% ±3.9

Median age (years) 44.2 ±14.7 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 95 ±42 18.7% ±6.116 years and over 430 ±131 84.5% ±3.018 years and over 414 ±84 81.3% ±29.621 years and over 410 ±81 80.6% ±29.162 years and over 152 ±46 29.9% ±12.765 years and over 141 ±44 27.7% ±2.4

18 years and over 414 ±84 414 (X)Male 179 ±58 43.2% ±10.9Female 235 ±61 56.8% ±9.1Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 76.2 ±14.9 (X) (X)

65 years and over 141 ±44 141 (X)Male 49 ±28 34.8% ±16.4Female 92 ±34 65.2% ±13.3Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 53.3 ±22.7 (X) (X)

21

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WHIGHAM ACS 2014-18 Profile

RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 509 ±154 509 (X)

One race 501 ±153 98.4% ±4.1Two or more races 8 ±9 1.6% ±1.7One race 501 ±153 98.4% ±4.1

White 334 ±107 65.6% ±6.9Black or African American 164 ±103 32.2% ±17.7American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6

Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±3.6Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±10.5

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±7.2

Some other race 3 ±7 0.6% ±1.4Two or more races 8 ±9 1.6% ±1.7

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 509 ±154 509 (X)

White 338 ±107 66.4% ±6.2Black or African American 170 ±104 33.4% ±17.8American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Asian 1 ±2 0.2% ±0.4Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 5 ±8 1.0% ±1.5Some other race 5 ±8 1.0% ±1.5

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 509 ±154 509 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 13 ±12 2.6% ±2.2Mexican 9 ±11 1.8% ±2.1Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Cuban 1 ±3 0.2% ±0.6Other Hispanic or Latino 3 ±23 0.6% ±4.6

Not Hispanic or Latino 496 ±150 97.4% ±41.7White alone 327 ±105 64.2% ±6.9Black or African American alone 164 ±103 32.2% ±17.7American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Asian alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Two or more races 5 ±7 1.0% ±1.3Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.6Two races excluding Some other race, and 5 ±7 1.0% ±1.3Three or more races

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ACS 2014-18 Profile WHIGHAM

CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 412 ±104 412 (X)

Male 179 ±73 43.4% ±14.0Female 233 ±73 56.6% ±10.7

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

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Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

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What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

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What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056

Continued on next page...

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ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081

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HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002