demographic transition model of uk and india
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Population Change in England and Wales 1700-2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Total Population
![Page 4: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hanel, Germany
J. Gathorpe-Hardy
What do you think these cartoons are saying?
![Page 5: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stage 1High Fluctuating
Low population Increasing very slowly
High birth rateHigh death rateUK: pre-1780Now? –tribes in remote Africa and Amazon - SudanTotal
Population
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 1
![Page 6: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stage 2Early Expanding
Total Population
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 2 • Population growing at faster rate
• High but decreasing birth rate
• Decreasing death rate
• Sri Lanka/Kenya• UK: 1780-1880
![Page 7: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stage 3Late Expanding
Total Population
Birth RateDeath Rate
Stage 3 • Population still increasing, but rate of increase slowing down
• Decreasing birth rate• Low death rate• China• UK: 1880-1940
![Page 8: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stage 4Low Fluctuating
Total Population
Birth RateDeath Rate
Stage 4• High population,
almost stable• Low birth rate• Low death rate• UK, • UK: post-1940
![Page 9: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Is there a Stage 5?
?
??
Stage 5: Depleting PopulationSweden?
![Page 10: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
Total Population
Birth RateDeath Rate
Ethiopia/NigerUK: pre-1780
NaturalIncreaseIn Population
NaturalDecreaseIn Population
Bangladesh/KenyaUK: 1780-1880
Brazil/ChinaUK: 1880-1940
Japan/USAUK: Post-1940
![Page 11: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Demographic Transition Model and the Pyramids?
![Page 12: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reasons
What do you think the reasons are for the changes at each stage?
![Page 13: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reasons for Stage 1High Fluctuating
Little access to birth controlMany children die in infancy so parents have more to compensateChildren are needed to work on the landSome religions encourage large familiesDeath rates are high due to disease, famine, poor diet, poor hygiene, little medical science
Total Population
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 1
![Page 14: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reasons for Stage 2Early Expanding
Total Population
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 2 • Improvements in medical care• Improvements in sanitation and water
supply• Quality and quantity of food produced
improves• Transport and communications
improve movements of food and medical supplies
• Decrease in infant mortality
![Page 15: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reasons for Stage 3Late Expanding
Total Population
Birth RateDeath Rate
Stage 3 • Increased access to contraception
• Lower infant mortality rates so less need for bigger families
• Industrialisation and mechanisation means fewer labourers required
• As wealth increases, desire for material possessions takes over the desire for large families
• Equality of women means they can follow a career rather than just staying at home
![Page 16: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reasons for Stage 4Low Fluctuating
Total Population
Birth RateDeath Rate
Stage 4 • Rates fluctuate with ‘baby booms’ and epidemics of illnesses and diseases
• Reasons for Stage 4 have improved and it stabilises
![Page 17: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DTM of India
![Page 18: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Stage 1High Birth and Death rates
High BR:Lack of knowledge of birth controlChildren as workers and investmentTo counter the impact of high IMRMale heir
High DR:Poor health careLack of hygienePoor living condition46/1000 in 1921
![Page 19: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stage 2Population Explosion
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 2 1920-1985 • Population growing at faster rate • (population explosion)• BR still high • Decreasing death rate• India became a British colony which
brought improved medicines, health care, water and sanitation services
• IMR and DR fell• 50% were below 15 yrs old when they
reach child bearing age, population growth will still continued to grow rapidly
![Page 20: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stage 3Late Expanding
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Stage 3 • Since 1985• DR- levelling off
(9/1000)• Not many ageing
population – low 4%• BR decline 28/1000• Natural increase still
high 1.9%
![Page 21: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Can the DTM be applied anywhere?
NONot all countries have steady development / stages of developmentSome countries have no proper censusDTM based on British Countries Eurocentric – a very European perspectivesStage of development is pretty much slowerSome LEDCs have no history of DTM until recentlyChina – government is adopting ANTI-NATALIST POLICY therefore change the DTM
![Page 22: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Problems /Limitations:Only considered BR, DR & NIIt does not include the influences of migration (immigration, emigration)It assumes that all countries will go through the same patternThere is no time scaleReasons for birth rates and death rates are very different in different countriesAnd finally, is there a stage 5?
![Page 23: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Like all models, the demographic transition model has its limitations. It failed to consider, or to predict, several factors and events:
1. Birth rates in several MEDCs have fallen below death rates (Germany, Sweden). This has caused, for the first time, a population decline which suggests that perhaps the model should have a fifth stage added to it.
2. The model assumes that in time all countries pass through the same four stages. It now seems unlikely, however, that many LEDCs, especially in Africa, will ever become industrialised.
![Page 24: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation. Initially, the death rate in many British cities rose, due to the insanitary conditions which resulted from rapid urban growth, and it only began to fall after advances were made in medicine.
The delayed fall in the death rate in many developing countries has been due mainly to their inability to afford medical facilities. In many countries, the fall in the birth rate in Stage
![Page 25: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3 has been less rapid than the model suggests due to religious and/or political opposition to birth control (Brazil), whereas the fall was much more rapid, and came earlier, in China following the government-introduced ‘onechild’ policy.
The timescale of the model, especially in several South-east Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, is being squashed as they develop at a much faster rate than did the early industrialised countries.
![Page 26: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4. Countries that grew as a consequence of emigration from Europe (USA, Canada, Australia) did not pass through the early stages of the model.
![Page 27: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The End?
![Page 28: Demographic transition model of uk and india](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062614/547844085806b524198b4747/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Source:http://www.slideshare.net/reservoirgeogs/demographic-transition-presentation