demonstration and research pest control: part i f.m. fishel uf/ifas pesticide information office...

Demonstration and Research Demonstration and Research Pest Control: Part IPest Control: Part I

F.M. Fishel

UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office

Department of Agronomy

1-800-226-1764 1-800-226-1764 ororhttp://IFASbooks.ufl.eduhttp://IFASbooks.ufl.edu

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• You will better understand:– Pesticide development– Methods of pest control– Pesticide-organism interactions– Pesticide interactions– Equipment calibration

Pesticide DevelopmentPesticide Development

Methods of Pest ControlMethods of Pest Control

• Components of scientific approach to pest control:– Understanding overall objectives of pest

management– A step-by-step program that can be followed

in dealing with a pest problem– Appraisal of the limitations and potentials of

individual available technologies

Methods of Pest Control Methods of Pest Control (Problem Diagnosis)(Problem Diagnosis)

• Pest identification

• Pest abundance

• New pests

J.L. Capinera, UF/IFAS

F.M. Fishel, UF/IFAS

G. McAvoy, UF/IFAS


• Soil– Texture– Conditions– Colloidal components– pH

T.A. Obreza and M.E. Collins, UF/IFAS


• Environmental factors– Soil erosion potential– Nontarget species– Nontarget sites

Diaz, Lang, Daroub, and Chen, UF/IFAS



• Crop Management Systems– Tillage and other practices– Minimum tillage systems– Cropping sequences



• Past Pest Control Programs and Results

G. McAvoy, UF/IFAS

G. McAvoy, UF/IFAS

Methods of Pest Control (Method Methods of Pest Control (Method Evaluation)Evaluation)

• Evaluate for:– Effectiveness– Consistency– Fits within individual program– Flexibility

G. McAvoy, UF/IFAS

Methods of Pest Control Methods of Pest Control (Program Selection)(Program Selection)

• Program Considerations:– Economics– Management system

• Equipment• Custom services• Time• Operational capability• Crop and management system

– Follow-up


Pesticide-Organism InteractionsPesticide-Organism Interactions


Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Selectivity)(Selectivity)

Unknown photo source

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Resistance)(Resistance)

• > 500 arthropod species

• > 200 species of fungi

• > 200 species of weeds

• Some nematodes and rodents

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Penetration)(Penetration)

AnimalsRespiratory, digestive system > skin

Permeability

Plants

Succulent growth > hardened growthPermeability

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Transport)(Transport)

Systemic herbicide activity.

F.M. Fishel, UF/IFAS Univ. of MO

Contact herbicide activity.

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Mode of Action)(Mode of Action)

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Metabolism)(Metabolism)

Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Accumulation, Elimination, Detoxification)(Accumulation, Elimination, Detoxification)


Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Biodegradation)(Biodegradation)

• Soil organic matter• Soil pH• Soil texture• Ultraviolet light• Soil microorganisms• Soil moisture• Temperature• Humidity



Pesticide-Organism Interactions Pesticide-Organism Interactions (Biological Magnification)(Biological Magnification)

Pesticide InteractionsPesticide Interactions

• Most pesticides are applied in mixtures– Synergism vs antagonism

Timmer, Graham, and Chamberlain, UF/IFAS


• Adjuvants

• Antidotes


• Phytotoxicity

Univ. of MO


• Alkaline hydrolysis

Equipment CalibrationEquipment Calibration

• Usually involves small, hand-held equipment

• A premium is placed on proper calibration

Univ. of MO

Calibration StepsCalibration Steps

1. Select spray tips

2. Select ground speed

3. Determine spray delivery

Spraying Systems Company

Determining GPMDetermining GPM

• {(gpa) x (speed in mph) x (treated width)}

5,940

= gpm


• Wish to apply 30 gpa• Use a 4-nozzle boom with 20-inch nozzle spacing

• Will walk at 3 mph

• How many mls should be collected in 30 sec?

• {(gpa) x (speed in mph) x (treated width)} 5,940

= gpm


• {(30) x (3) x (20)}

5,940

= 0.3 gpm

0.3 x 3,785 ml per gal = 1,136 ml per min

Or 568 ml per 30 sec

Demonstration and Research Demonstration and Research Pest Control: Part IIPest Control: Part II

F.M. Fishel


Department of Agronomy

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• You will better understand:– Material Safety Data Sheets– Recordkeeping– Experimental-use permits– Field experiments and demonstrations– Experimental design

Understanding the MSDSUnderstanding the MSDS

• 1989: expansion of OSHA to cover all 1989: expansion of OSHA to cover all employees who could be exposed to employees who could be exposed to hazardous chemicals at workplaceshazardous chemicals at workplaces


• Product and company identification• Composition of ingredients• Hazards identification• First aid measures• Fire fighting measures• Accidental release measures• Handling and storage• Exposure controls/personal protection


• Physical and chemical properties• Stability and reactivity• Toxicological information• Ecological information• Disposal considerations• Transportation information• Regulatory information• Miscellaneous information

Required RUP RecordkeepingRequired RUP Recordkeeping• License number• Name• Date, start and end times• Location of site• Crop, commodity or type of site treated• Size of treated site• Brand name and EPA reg. number• Total amount of product applied• Application method• Name of person requesting or authorizing

Useful Recordkeeping ElementsUseful Recordkeeping Elements• Crop variety• Crop history• Percent active ingredient and formulation• Manufacturer• Purchase date• Calibration information• Environmental conditions• Total cost of application• Treatment time of animals and average weight• Application results

Suggested FormSuggested Form

RecordkeepingRecordkeeping

Experimental-Use PermitsExperimental-Use Permits

• Unregistered pesticides

• Unregistered use of registered pesticides

• Pesticides or uses evaluated under an EUP

Virginia Tech University


• Not required:– Laboratory or greenhouse tests– Research neither intends nor confers pest

control benefit• Land use: <10 acres


• Not required:– Aquatic use: <1 acre


http://kingdom.ifas.ufl.edu/tylerljones/Historicalscans080307/pages/00586H.htm

Field Experiments and Field Experiments and DemonstrationsDemonstrations

• Demonstrations: seek to communicate and convince

• Research: seeks to answer a question

J.J. Marois, UF/IFAS

Demonstration TypesDemonstration Types• Method: show how to do something

• Result: show by example the practical application of an established fact


Research StepsResearch Steps

• Formulating a hypothesis

• Designing to test the hypothesis

• Collect and interpret data

• Accepting, rejecting, or altering the original hypothesis


Research ConsiderationsResearch Considerations

• What are the objectives?

• What is the design?

• What variables exist?

• How many replications are needed?

• What is the sampling procedure?

• How will the results be used?


Research ConsiderationsResearch Considerations


On-Farm ResearchOn-Farm Research


Experimental DesignExperimental Design

• Replication: estimates experimental error

• Randomization: ensures a valid estimate of experimental error and treatments



• Control (check) plots: plots to which the treatment is not given


Experimental Design Experimental Design (Completely Randomized)(Completely Randomized)

Experimental Design Experimental Design (Randomized Complete Block)(Randomized Complete Block)

Experimental Design Experimental Design (Split-Plot)(Split-Plot)

Experimental Design Experimental Design (Split-Block)(Split-Block)

Experimental Design Experimental Design (Latin Square)(Latin Square)

Experimental Design Experimental Design (Factorial)(Factorial)

Photo/Diagram CreditsPhoto/Diagram Credits• University of Florida/IFAS• University of Missouri• Virginia Tech University• Crop Data Management System• Spraying Systems Company

Fred Fishel, Ph.D.Department of AgronomyUniversity of Florida/IFASCopyright 2008 University of Florida

Mention of trade names in this presentation is solely for providing specific information. It is not a guarantee or warranty of the products named, and does not signify that they are approved to the exclusion of others of suitable composition. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer’s label.

demonstration and research pest control: part i f.m. fishel uf/ifas pesticide information office...

Documents

research pest control

pest problemappraisal

arthropod species

species of fungi

species of weedssome

mocontact herbicide

individual programflexibilityg

gpa x speed