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Demystifying Testing Standards C t B ildi F dCommon to Building Facades

John Runkle, P.E.

Director Forensic ServicesDirector, Forensic Services

Architectural Testing, Inc. Architectural Testing

Learning Objectives

• Understand laboratory and field test standards related to building envelope performance.related to building envelope performance.

• Identify and manage risks that could impact the test results.

• Learn the benefits and limitations of laboratory testing with respect to actual field performance.

D l d t di f h t l t th b t• Develop an understanding of how to select the best performance predictors for future projects.

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Function of Facades• Aesthetically pleasing• Provide environmental separationp

– Air Barrier– Vapor Barrier– Drainage Layer– Thermal Layer– Acoustical BoundaryAcoustical Boundary– Withstand Structural

Loads

Façade Aesthetics Testing

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ASTM G 155

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ASTM D 2244Standard Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

ASTM C 1185

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Façade Air Leakage Testing

ASTM E 2178

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ASTM E 2357 AssemblyASTM E 2357 Assembly

Post Applied Brick Ties

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© Retro-Specs Consultants

ASTM E 1186

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ASTM E 1186

ASTM

E 1186

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ASTM E 1186

ASTM E 1186

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© Retro-Specs Consultants

ASTM E 779

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ASTM E 1186

AAMA 101 Testing

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ASTM E 283

ASTM E 783

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ASTM E 783

ASTM E 783

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Problem - Extraneous Air Flow

Continuous mullions in a curtain wall

SolutionSeal off any areas that are not intended to be included in the test with spray foam, p yduct tape, butyl tape, plastic, or sealant.

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Problem - Qualitative or Quantitative Test Method?

SolutionCustomize testing protocol to meet the project budget and project team needs.p j g p j

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Problem – Limited access Limited budget

SolutionConsider infra-red thermography

Discontinuous air barrier at roof soffit allowing escape of warm, moist air from natatorium

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Façade Water Testing

AAMA 101 Testing

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ASTM E 331

ASTM E 547

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AAMA 501.1

AAMA 501.1

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AAMA 501.1

AAMA 501.2

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Problem - Lack of Access -Exterior

• Tare Applicationpp

• Specimen Inspection

• Spray Rack

Attachment

Solutions

• Excluding tare is acceptable if total air flow is equal to or less than window allowable flow, qelse interior tare is an option.

• Mirrors are an option if specimen contains operable windows.

• Hanging a spray rack carefully from an openHanging a spray rack carefully from an open area above specimen.

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Solutions

Static vs. dynamic differential pressurep

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Static or Dynamic Pressure Differential?

Static Air Pressure Differential?

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Static Air Pressure Differential

Section at window sill

Dynamic Air Pressure Differential?

AAMA 501.1

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Dynamic Air Pressure Differential

Section at window sill

Interior or Exterior Chamber?

Brick Mass Wall

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Brick Mass Wall

Vacuum

Brick Veneer Cavity Wall

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Brick Veneer Cavity Wall

Vacuum

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Problem – Inadequate Water Pressure

Solutions

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Problem: Definition of Water Leakage

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Water penetration within innermost plane passing per AAMA 502-02, 502-08; however, failing the less than ½ ounce requirement per AAMA 503-03

ASTM E 2273

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ASTM C 1715

Test DurationIf possible, complete test to identify all leaks

Leak #1 Leak #4

Leak #2Leak #3

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Test Duration?

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How long would you test these substrates?

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NFRC 102 / AAMA 1503

NFRC 102 / AAMA 1503

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Condensation Resistance

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AAMA 501.5

AAMA 501.5

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CondensationResistanceResistance

CondensationResistance

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NFRC 100 (U-factor), 200 (SHGC), 500 (CRF)

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FAÇADE ACOUSTICAL TESTING

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ASTM E 90

Acoustical Testing

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Outdoor SPL Measurements

ASTM E 966

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Façade Structural Testing

ASTM E 330Structural Loading

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Miami, Dade Co nt FLCounty – FL

Product Approval

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D.O.D.

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ASTM D 4541, ASTM E 488

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Is Tomorrow’s Mold … Energy?

Façade Energy Components

• U-Factor

• Air Infiltration

• Solar Heat Gain

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Solar Heat Gain

SHGCT ittTransmittanceReflectanceAbsorbtanceEmittance

Existing/Original Window and Facade

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Cold Chamber

Typical Cold Chamber Set-up

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Existing/Original Window and Interior

Warm Chamber with Controls

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New Window

New Window, Sealants, and Flashing

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Cold Chamber

Typical Cold Chamber Set-up

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New Window and Interior Sealant

Warm Chamber with Controls

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Field U-factor Tests Results

U-factor Original

U-factorReplacement

Difference in U-factor

Calculating Energy Savings

SHGC Air LeakageU-factor

Energy Savings or Loss

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Questions?Questions?

Comments?

Insults?

John Runkle, P.E.Architectural Testing, Inc.jrunkle@archtest.com

Façade Material Property Testing

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ASTM D 4114

Durability / Design Life

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Durability / Design Life

Durability / Design Life

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ASTM E 576

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