Density

• Discussion of the pressures and impacts from high (and low) population densities

• Impacts from the requirements generated by dense populations in small areas

Population Density and Golf(98)

• Canada - density about 5 per km2

• USA - density about 24 per km2

• Japan - density about 292 per km2

• 1,800 golf courses ..

• 14,400 golf courses .

• 1,850 golf courses

Golf in Japan

• In 1957 Japanese golfers won the world cup - the popularity of the sport exploded

• In 1998 Japan was the second largest market in the world for golf equipment

• In a population of 120 million only 2% can play with any regularity

Problems

Pressure

• Public greens fees start at $250 (US)– golfers can purchase rain insurance

• Private clubs start an initiation fee at $200,000

• Tokyo’s Koganei Club has an initiation fee of $2.7 million (US)

• Recession Causes Golf Club Membership Fees in Japan to Drop to $184,000

• Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club is one of Japan’s most upscale clubs. The price to join $184,000. And this price is DOWN 40%!– Greens fees about $140

Response

• From 1994 to 1997 Japanese companies spent over $2 Billion (US) acquiring US golf courses

• Japanese firms control all of Hawaii’s golf courses

• Japanese money is a key player in the PGA, LPGA, and USPGA tours

Vital Rates• Birth and Death rates in a society

– Rate at which people are added (through natality) or subtracted (through mortality)

– Usually expressed per 1,000 pop

•

Sex Ratios• Number of males to 100 females in a

society

– expectation of balance

• imbalance - ?

Canada sex ratio• At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female•

Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female •

15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female •

65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female •

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Age Splits

• Distribution amongst age groups

• Expectation of variance

• Link - age to patterns and characteristics (of recreational choices and participation)

Dependency Ratios• Two major ratios are OADR (old age dependency ratio

65+) and YDR (youth dependency ratio 0 - 14)

– Comparison to the ‘working population’ aged 15 - 64

• Combination in the TDR (total dependency ratio (Canada 2008 TDR 43.5 )

• All have links to facility development

• Numbers in Canada

• In 2001, 12.8% of pop. Over 65

• By 2041, ~23% will be over 65

Population Pyramids

• Double bar graph that looks at age and sex

– advantage in simplicity

• graph split into left (males) and right (females) halves

• Vertical axis represents age groupings (link to census)

• Horizontal axis deals with population numbers or % of population

Example Pyramids

Advantages

Disadvantages

Understanding of specific groups of populations

Small area populations

Predictive QualitiesCanada - 2038

Canadian Populationto the 90’s

• The history of population growth in Canada has been one of ebbs and flows

– migrants enter

– migrants dribble away

• 1851 - 1951 7.1 million immigrants 7.1 million immigrants but 6.6 million emigrants 6.6 million emigrants

Traditional Comprehension

Implications for Recreation