department: mechanical & aeronautical engineering module

Department: Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering Module: MTV420 Thermal & Fluid Machines Lecturer: Dr. Gazi I. Mahmood

Last Revision: 19 August, 2021

Important Notes about this Study Guide & Department Study Guide This study guide is a crucial part of the general study guide of the Department. In the study guide of the Department , information is given on the mission and vision of the department, general administration and regulations (professionalism and integrity, course related information and formal communication, workshop use and safety, grievances, support services, plagiarism, class representative duties, sick test and sick exam guidelines, vacation work, appeal process and adjustment of marks, university regulations, frequently asked questions), ECSA Graduate Attributes, ECSA knowledge areas, CDIO, new curriculum and assessment of cognitive levels. It is expected that you are very familiar with the content of the Departmental Study Guide. It is available via the following weblink or accessed through department website. https://www.up.ac.za/mechanical-and-aeronautical-engineering/article/21692/preview?module=cms&slug= content&id=21692 https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/120/Noticeboard/2021/departmental-studyguide-eng-2021_version26feb2021.zp199803.pdf Take note of the specific instructions in the above study guide on:

a. Safety

b. Plagiarism

c. What to do if you were sick (very important)?

d. Appeal process on the adjustment of marks

`

MTV420 Study Guide 2021 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDUCATIONAL APPROACH ............................................................................. 5

1. MODULE OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 6

1.1. Learning Outcomes ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. ECSA exit outcome 2.................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Practical Outcomes ..................................................................................................................... 6

2. PREREQUISITES ............................................................................................................................... 6

3. LECTURES, LECTURERS AND CONSULTING HOURS ......................................... 7

3.1. Lecture Hours .............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. Lecturers ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3. Teaching Assistants ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.4 Consulting hours (Onlline Discussion & Tutorial Sessions) .......................................................... 7

4. STUDY MATERIALS ........................................................................................ 7

4.1. Rotary Machines (Part 1) PRESCRIBED Textbook ........................................................................ 7 4.2. Power Cycles (Part 2) PRESCRIBED Textbook .............................................................................. 7 4.3. Complementary books ................................................................................................................ 8 4.4. Additional Notes/Class Notes...................................................................................................... 8

5. LEARNING ACTIVITIES .................................................................................. 9

5.1. Online Learning ........................................................................................................................... 9 5.2. Lectures(Live Online Clases) ........................................................................................................ 9 5.3. Discussions & Tutorial Sessions ................................................................................................. 10 5.4. Textbook Examples & Exercise Problems .................................................................................. 10 5.5. Practicals ................................................................................................................................... 10 5.7. Class Tests (Unannounced) ....................................................................................................... 10 5.8. Practicals ................................................................................................................................... 10

6. ASSESSMENTS & RULES………………………………………………………………………..... 11

6.1. Requirements to Pass .............................................................................................................. 11 6.2. Determination of the Final Mark ............................................................................................ 11 6.3. Determination of the Semester Mark ..................................................................................... 12 6.4. Class Tests ............................................................................................................................... 12 6.5. Semester Tests ........................................................................................................................ 12 6.6. Examination…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12 6.7. ECSA Exit Level 2 Assessment Matrix …………………………………………………………………………….......12


7. STUDY COMPONENTS …………………………………………………………………….…....... 14

7.1 Module Composition (Part 1: Rotary Machines) ...................................................................... 14 7.2 Module Composition (Part 2: Power Cycles) ............................................................................ 15 7.3 Notes ........................................................................................................................................ 15

8. TENTATIVE SCHEDULES (Lectures, Tests, Practicals) ................................. 16

9. ATTACHMENTS (PRACTICAL) .................................................................... 18

9.1. General .................................................................................................................................... 18 9.2. Lab instructor .......................................................................................................................... 18 9.3. Regulations Regarding Practicals ........................................................................................... 18 9.4. Practical Report ....................................................................................................................... 18 9.5. Practical Report Format ...........................................................................................................20 9.6 Assessment of Practical Report (Total marks 100 per report) ................................................ 21


EDUCATIONAL APPROACH

This course comprises the application of theory of fluid dynamics and conversion of energy learnt in the 2nd and 3rd year modules. The students in this module are expected to learn how to apply the three conservation laws of thermodynamics: conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy including the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The applications of these laws are chosen for the cases of rotary machines and duct air-flows that are used in industry and thermodynamic power cycles. The general objectives of the module are:

• To introduce students to the fundamental principles of thermal and fluid machines used in industry and power generation.

• To demonstrate the ability to meet ECSA exit level outcome 2, namely the application of scientific and engineering knowledge.

• Learning outcomes: To enable/empower students with the knowledge of applications of the basic laws of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics in industry and power generation.

The module structure is divided into two parts: Part 1: Rotary Machines; Part 2: Power Cycles. Part 1 includes rotary thermal and fluid machines such as compressor, gas and hydraulic turbines, and pumps that are directly employed in the fluid transfer and power generation. Part 2 of the module illustrates the thermodynamic cycles of steam power plants, organic Rankine cycles, gas turbines, combined and cogeneration power plants, and some fundamentals of internal combustion engines and reciprocating compressor cycles. Fans and associated duct design include the system losses in the air-flow duct network and the fan selection for the duct system. The module contents are analytical requiring simple quantitative analyses, but will not involve derivations of any new theories. It should be, by no means, misinterpreted as another course on machine design. The contents of simple thermo-flow design and energy analyses are chosen to illustrate the two core objectives above. The students will need to follow carefully the analytical steps involving fluid dynamics and thermodynamics processes. It is very likely that they will have to carry out the same steps to synthesize and solve the problems in this module. Students will be able to apply their acquired knowledge in industry and as well as other areas, participate in research and development efforts in the clean, efficient energy conversion and sustainable/alternative energy fields. Student-orientated and cooperative study methods will be applied during the lectures and practical sessions (laboratory experiments) in order to establish the core concepts of the course. Students are expected to participate in discussions in class since this creates an opportunity to share experiences and solve problems in a team orientated environment. This will replicate what generally occurs in industry. Problem solving sessions during lectures will provide students with opportunities to assimilate and understand the learning outcomes of the course.


1. MODULE OBJECTIVES

1.1. Learning Outcomes

The purpose of the module is to educate the student about

(i) Layout of basic components of some rotary Thermo-fluid Machines (Turbomachines);

(ii) 2-D flow paths and principles of operation of Thermo-fluid Machines (Turbomachines);

(iii) Performance estimates of Thermo-fluid Machines applying the fundamental laws of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics;

(iv) Principles of operation of thermodynamic power cycles employing the rotary and reciprocating machines;

(v) Applications of thermodynamic power cycles in practice; (vi) Energy efficiency of thermodynamic power cycles applying the fundamental laws

of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics.

1.2. ECSA exit outcome 2 Refer to the Section 7: Departmental Study Guide: https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/120/Noticeboard/2021/departmental-studyguide-eng-2021_version26feb2021.zp199803.pdf

1.3. Practical Outcomes The knowledge acquired in this course may be applied to

(i) Engineering applications of different fluid machines; (ii) Simple fluid dynamic design analysis of fluid machines for selection; (iii) Estimations of energy losses and performance of fluid and thermal machines; (iv) Power cycle estimations and basic energy optimization for engines and thermal

power stations.

2. Prerequisites

MTV310 Thermoflow

The course extensively applies the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics to synthesize, analyse, and solve engineering problems. These fundamental laws are also applied to estimate different quantities in the practical experiments. The students must be conversant with the components of these laws at the start of MTV420 module.


3. LECTURES (ONLINE), LECTURERS, AND ONLINE CONSULTING HOURS

3.1. Lecture hours (Online-clickUP/MTV420_s2_2021/Blackboard Collaborate)

Monday Wednesday Thursday

11:30 - 12:20 11:30 - 12:20 08:30 - 09:20

There are online practical sessions which are discussed in Section 5 later. The official lecture times in the above table will be used to deliver live lectures online in the clickUP/MTV420_s2_2021/Blackboard Collaborate-online Lectures. A Blackboard Collaborate session will be created before the lecture starts. The live lecture sessions will be recoded which will posted automatically in the link: clickUP/MTV420_s2_2021/Blackboard Collaborate-online Lectures/Recordings. No Pre-recorded Lectures will be posted in the clickUP. Lecture notes are pre-posted before the lectures in the clickUP/Lecture Slides.

3.2. Lecturers

3.3. Teaching Assistants (TAs) The names and contact information of the TAs will be announced later in the clickUP. TAs are responsible only for grading of the class tests, semester tests, examinations, and practical reports. The TAs will also record video demonstrations of the practicals and obtain data sets from the practicals which will be posted in a shared Google drive for the students. The link to the drive will be shared with the students later.

3.4. Consulting hours (Online Discussion & Tutorial sessions) Consultation hours of the lecturer this year will be in the form of online discussions in the clickUP/Blackboard-Collaborate. The following time-table will be used for the online discussions. The schedules in the time-table are based on the 4th year module lecture sessions posted in the department time-table. The discussion sessions will be recorded and available in the clickUP/Blackboard-Collaborate/Recordings. Students are encouraged to raise questions and issues regarding the lecture contents of the week.

Online Discussions & Tutorial sessions: clickUP/MTV420_s2_2021/Blackboard Collaborate-online Lectures

Friday 16:30 - 17:30

Note, some of the “Discussion sessions” may be used as the tutorial hours when some example problems and solutions may be explained. The example problems and solutions will be posted in the clickUP/Lecture-Slides or clickUP/Tutorials. The Blackboard tutorial sessions will be also recorded.

Special arrangements can be made for additional discussion hours if necessary.

Lecturer Office Telephone No. E-mail Address

Dr. Gazi Mahmood Eng-3, Room 6-67 (012) 420 6822 [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

Tentative schedules of the online Tutorial hours: clickUP/MTV420_s2_2021/Blackboard Collaborate-online Lectures

Tentative date Tentative topics Friday Tutorial-1 27 August 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 1 – Lecture 6 Friday Tutorial-2 10 September 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 7 – Lecture 12 Friday Tutorial-3 15 October 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 13 – Lecture 18 Friday Tutorial-4 29 October 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 19 – Lecture 24 Friday Tutorial-5 19 November 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 25 – Lecture 31 Friday Tutorial-6 26 November 16:30 - 18:00 Lecture 28 – Last lecture

4. STUDY MATERIALS 4.1. Rotary Machines (Part 1) PRESCRIBED Textbook

Dixon, S.L. and Hall, C.A., “Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery,” 7th Edition., Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, MA, 2014, ISBN 9780124159549.

The book is available as an e-book in the University of Pretoria Library database (e- catalogue). The book is also available in the bookstores in and around the Hatfield main campus.

4.2. Power Cycles (Part 2) PRESCRIBED Textbook Weston, K.C., “Energy Conversion-the EBook,” University of Tulsa, 2000. The book may be downloaded (Chap.1–Chap.3, p.1-p.138) free of charge from the following weblink: https://www.academia.edu/37431526/Energy_Conversion_Kenneth_C_Weston_SECOND_EDITION_2000_001_148_ The remaining chapters of the book will be made available to the students later.

4.3. Complementary (additional reference) books Korpela, S.A., “Principles of Turbomachinery,” Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, 2011. The book is available as an e-book in the University of Pretoria Library online catalogue. Grant Ingram, “Basic Concepts in Turbomachinery,” Grant Ingram & Venture Publishing ApS, 2009, ISBN 978-87-7681-435-9. The book is available as a free e-book in the internet.

4.4. Additional Notes/Class Notes

Lecture slides for the entire chapter of the textbook are pre-posted in the clickUP/Lecture-Slides before the lecture starts on a new chapter. Some of the study materials in the slides are not covered in the textbooks. These materials will also be part of the syllabus for the module. Any discussions in the live online sessions including regular lectures and “Discussions & Tutorial sessions” will be also part of the module syllabus. Students not attending the live online sessions should follow up in the recordings of live sessions.


http://innopac.up.ac.za/search%7ES1?/i9780124159549/i9780124159549/-3,-1,0,B/browse

https://www.academia.edu/37431526/Energy_Conversion_Kenneth_C_Weston_SECOND_EDITION_2000_001_148_

https://www.academia.edu/37431526/Energy_Conversion_Kenneth_C_Weston_SECOND_EDITION_2000_001_148_

5. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (Internet Live Online, Recorded Sessions)

5.1. Online Learning (3-0–1, as per Regulations & Study Guide, Part 1, 2021)

Number of lectures per week: 3 lectures, 50 minutes per lecture (Live online session & recorded). Lab. experiments (Practicals): 3 sessions, 10 mins. per session (Recorded-video demonstrations). This module carries a weighting of 16 credits, indicating that on average a student should spend some 160 hours to master the required skills (including time for preparation for tests and examinations). This means that on average you should devote some 11.5 hours of study time per week to this module. The scheduled contact time is two-and-half hours per week, which means that another nine (09) hours per week of own study time should be devoted to the module. Note that the 160 hours of study time do not include the optional discussions & tutorial hours as well as the three mandatory practical sessions. There are no in-contact Practical sessions in the campus. Practical demonstrations are to be viewed in the video recordings (about 8 mins per practical) which will be posted in a shared Google drive. The link to the drive will be shared with the students later.

5.2. Lectures (Live online classes in clickUP/Blackboard-Collaborate)

• Monday 11:30 - 12:20 (Live session will be recorded) • Wednesday 11:30 – 12:20 (Live session will be recorded) • Thursday 8:30 - 9:20 (Live session will be recorded)

No pre-recordings of the lectures will be available.

The contents of each lecture follow those from the previous lecture. It is in students’ own interest to follow the live online or recorded lectures and study the materials covered in the lectures on the regular basis. Rules of Engagement & Etiquette by the students during live online sessions are posted separately in clickUP/Information. Students are encouraged to ask questions on the lecture contents at the beginning or end of each session. These questions can be asked from the previous lectures.

Lecture slides will be made available in clickUP before lecture starts. The slides are prepared topicwise based on the chapters in prescribed textbooks. All the lecture slides on a topic or textbook chapter are put together in a single volume of slides named after the topic. The volume of slides on each topic is posted in the clickUP/Lecture-Slides before the start of the topic in the regular lecture session. The lecture slides will not be posted lecture by lecture. The lecturer will use several lecture sessions to cover the volume of slides. The students should attend the live online or recorded sessions of each lecture regularly to be updated on how many slides in the volume of slides on a topic are covered during a lecture session.

Some of the lecture slides contain example problems which are not worked out. Solutions of these problems are discussed during the “Discussions & Tutorial” sessions (refer to Section 3.4) and are made available separately in the clickUP/Lecture-Slides or clickUP/Tutorials before or after the “Discussions & Tutorial” sessions. The solutions of the example problems may have some steps left out for the students to work on their own. The lecturers may also assign some sections of the textbooks (mostly the textbook example problems) and lecture slides (mostly worked out lecture-


slide problems) for self-study. These sections will not be discussed in the online lecture sessions, but they will be part of the syllabus for the class tests, semester tests, and examination.

Students are expected to prepare for lectures. Since a large volume of work needs to be covered, it is not possible to lecture every aspect in the finest detail. Students should, therefore, read the textbooks and lecture slides thoroughly.

5.3. Discussions & Tutorial Sessions

The Discussion sessions are scheduled for “Q & A” (Questions and Answers) sessions. The students can ask questions to the lecturer on the lecture materials during the sessions. Some of the Lecture-slide example problems and the solutions are also discussed during the live and recorded online Discussions sessions (refer to Section 3.4 for schedules). Most of these problems and solutions are not available in the prescribed textbooks.

The Tutorial sessions are scheduled (refer to Section 3.4 for schedules) during some of the discussion sessions to primarily discuss and workout some additional problems. It may not always be possible to post the tutorial problems and solutions in the clickUP/Tutorials before the sessions. However, they will be available in the clickUP after the sessions. All the live “Discussions and Tutorial” sessions will be recorded. The students can also ask questions on the lecture materials during the tutorials.

5.4. Textbook Examples & Exercise Problems

The textbooks have worked out example-problems problems. These problems are listed in the lecture-slides and will not be discussed during the lectures and will be left as the self-study and exercise items for the students. Some lecture slides will also suggest problems from the textbooks as exercise problems. The solution steps of these problems are left to the students to enhance the students’ independent skills to formulate the problem physics and apply the theory. Few of these suggested textbook problems may be discussed during the “Discussions & Tutorial” sessions. However, the students should work out the remaining problems on their own. The solutions to the problems do not have to be submitted for evaluations. Note, the answers to the textbook problems without the solution steps are provided in the textbooks.

5.5. Practicals

Three different practical experiments illustrating the working principles of some thermal and fluid machines are part of the syllabus. The experimental facilities are located in the Wind Tunnel Laboratory. However, there are no in-contact Practical sessions in the campus. The practicals will be demonstrated in three separate recorded video-sessions by the teaching assistants. Each recoding is about 8 minutes or less in duration. The video recordings will be available in shared Google drive. The link to the drive will be shared with students by end of August 2021. There will be no separate lectures to cover the theoretical backgrounds of the practical experiments. The Attachments (Section 9) at the end of this guide and the Practical Guide posted separately are parts of the self-studies and provide the necessary backgrounds. The teaching assistants will provide the students with the data obtained from the practicals to write the reports. Then data sets will also be posted in the same shared Google drive where the practical demonstration videos are posted.

The students are required to write three reports in groups for the three practicals. Each group should contain 14 (at the minimum) to 16 (at the maximum) student members. Students are


required to form the practical groups on their own using a roster list provided by the lecturer in the clickUP/Information. All students must register themselves in the groups by no later than 26-August 2021. It is a student’s responsibility to check that his/her name is not duplicated in multiple groups.

Each group needs to submit one report for each practical (group submission) as indicated in the previous paragraph. A student must remain a member of one single group for all three reports. The tentative time of a report submission is provided in Section 9. The reports will be marked that will contribute in the semester marks. The marks of a group-report will be awarded to each student in the group. A minimum of 50% mark is required for each report i.e., each student in order to be admitted to the final examination. Any student repeating MTV420 this year must also repeat the practical report writing in a group. The TAs contact information will be made available later in the clickUP. The deadline for handing in all the practical reports is 22-October, 2021.

6. ASSESSMENTS & RULES (all assessment are internet online based) Refer to the exam regulations in the Yearbooks of the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology.

6.1. Requirements to Pass

In order to pass this module a student must: • Obtain a final mark of at least 50%

and • Obtain a subminimum of 50% for every practical

and • Obtain a subminimum of 40% for the semester mark

and • Obtain a subminimum of 40% for the final examination

and • Obtain a subminimum of 50% for the ECSA exit level outcome 2 assessment matrix

(Section 6.7) for the exam, supplementary, and sick-exam/test (if applicable).

6.2. Determination of the Final Mark

The final mark is compiled as follows: • Semester mark: 50% • Final Exam mark: 50% (3-hour exam, written, open book: download question

paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page)


6.3. Determination of the Semester Mark The semester mark will be determined as shown in the table below: (NO EXEMPTION)

Evaluation method Number of tests Contribution of each Total Semester tests, written, open book (download question paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page)

2 20% (of the lower marks of two tests) and 30% (of the higher marks of two tests)

50%

Practical Reports (group reports) 3 8.67% (each) 26% Class tests, written, open book (download question paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page)

3 8% (each) 24%

TOTAL 100%

6.4. Class Tests

There will be three (03) class tests during the semester as scheduled in Section 8: one in the week before the 1st semester test, one in the week before the 2nd semester test, and one in the 3rd week of November. Syllabi of the tests are provided in Section 8. If a student misses a class test for any reason, there will be NO Special Make-up tests for the missed class tests. Each class test will cover the materials of the four regular lecture sessions just before day of class test. The duration of a class test will be between 30 minutes and 50 minutes. The memoranda of the class tests will be available in the clickUP and will not be discussed during lectures or discussion (practical) sessions. Mode of class tests: written, open book, download question paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page.

6.5. Semester Tests Two tests are be written during the semester. The duration of each test will be 90 minutes at the least. Syllabi of the tests are provided in Section 8. Memoranda on the scheduled tests will be available in the ClickUP and will not be discussed during lectures or discussion (practical) sessions. Mode of semester tests: written, open book, download question paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page.

6.6. Examination

3-hour exam (at least), written, open book, download question paper from clickUP, write answers offline, submit answers in clickUP submission page. Syllabus: Inclusive of all materials covered from the beginning to end of semester.

6.7. ECSA Exit Level 2 Assessment Matrix

The following table shows the assessment matrix to be used in conjunction with the formal memorandum of the test/exam. Any sections that are not applicable to the test/exam are


excluded from the assessment. Over and above the accepted pass criteria for the subject, the student must also obtain a minimum of 50% for the assessment matrix in order to pass the course.

NOTE: IF THE STUDENT DOES NOT OBTAIN A MINIMUM SCORE OF 50% ON THE ASSESSMENT MATRIX, THE STUDENT WILL FAIL THE COURSE.

Description Weight (W)

Ref Does not meet

assessment criterion (0)

Meets assessment

criterion (1 x W)

Has the student provided a diagram describing the process mathematically i.e., T-s diagram?

1

Is the student able to use the correct assumptions and mathematical techniques to simplify complex problems i.e., did the student state assumptions to use the appropriate equations?

2

Does the student discuss the accuracy of his/her answers and the probability that it is realistic for a “real world” industry application i.e., if an efficiency of 99% is obtained for a steam cycle, does the student acknowledge a mistake in his/her calculations?

1

Has the student provided a diagram describing the process using basic sciences i.e., line diagram of flow power cycle?

1

Does the student answer the questions using first principles i.e., first law of Thermodynamics to solve turbine energy problem?

1

Is the student able to filter out the necessary information to answer an open ended question for a specific specialist area of the course i.e,. is the student able to identify “red herrings” and ignore the information and only extract what is necessary?

2

Is the student able to discuss the impact of the specialist engineering application across engineering disciplines i.e., can the student discuss the energy losses on system performance

2


7. STUDY COMPONENTS

7.1. Module Composition (Part 1: Rotary Machines): from textbook Dixon, S.L. and Hall, C.A.

(The sequence of lectures may not follow the sequence of “Study Theme” tabulated as in the following.)

Study theme Source in Textbook

Method of Education

Preparation Hours

Contact Sessions

(Tentative)

Introduction: Quick review of basic conservation laws. Euler Work equations, velocity triangles; Mollier diagram; Efficiencies.

Chapter 1 (Sec. 1.2-1.6, 1.8-

1.12)

Self-study: Sec. 1.7

Lectures; Self-study (Sec. 1.7)

20 6

Axial flow turbines: Velocity diagrams & work output, stage performance & design, degree of reaction, efficiency.

Chapter 4 (Sec. 4.2-4.6, 4.7-

4.8)

Lectures 20 4

Axial flow compressors: Stage velocity diagrams & work analysis, efficiency, stage design & reaction ratio, multi-stage compressor work, polytropic efficiency.

Chapter 5 (Sec. 5.2-5.5, 5.7,

5.9)

Lectures 20 3

Centrifugal pumps & compressors: velocity triangles & work analysis, slip factor, pressure rise across pumps, efficiency. (Only the “Pump” part will be covered)

Chapter 7 (Sec. 7.2-7.3, 7.7,

7.9)

Lectures 15 3

Hydraulic turbines: Classifications, Pelton turbine work and efficiency analysis. Francis turbine work and efficiency analysis.

Chapter 9 (Sec. 9.2, 9.3)

Lectures 5 2

TOTAL 80 18


7.2. Module Composition (Part 2: Power Cycles): from textbook Weston, K.C. (The sequence of lectures may not follow the sequence of “Study Theme” tabulated as in the following.)

Study theme Source in Textbook

Method of Education

Preparation Hours

Contact Sessions

(Tentative)

Fundamentals of energy conversion: Thermodynamic relations related to the 1st law; property calculations on cycles.

Chapter 1 (covered along

with Part-1 lectures for

Chap 1)

Self-Study 2 0

Fundamentals of steam power: Rankine cycle; Reheat & regeneration; FWH’s; Components of steam power plant; Binary cycle & Organic Rankine cycle.

Chapter 2 Lectures &

Self-Study

30 5

Gas turbines and jet engines: Functional analysis of components; Brayton cycle; Regeneration; Intercooling & reheat; Closed loop cycle. (“Jet engines” part will not be covered.

Chapter 5

Chapter 9

Lectures 36 8

Advanced systems: Combined cycle; Cogeneration plant.

Chapter 9 Lectures &

Self-Study

12 5

TOTAL 80 18

7.3. Notes

“Preparation Hours” include contact time, as well as the estimated time necessary for preparation for the tests and exam.

Contact sessions indicate the online lecture hours. The number of contact sessions per chapter is tentative. It may change depending on the progress during the lectures.

Please, note that some subsections in a chapter of the textbook will not be covered during the lectures, whereas other subsections may be given as self-study. The lecturer will provide information about the sub-sections that will not be covered for tests and exam purposes in the lecture slides..


The sequence of lectures from the “Study Theme” in the Tables above are provided in Section 8. Once a new topic (Study Theme) is started in the lecture, the follow through lectures will continue on the topic (Study Theme) till to the end.

8. TENTATIVE SCHEDULES: Lecture Topics, Class Tests, Practical Report Submission The following Table provides the tentative sequence and scheduling of the learning and assessment activities during the semester. The deadlines and dates are based on the 4th year module timetable only.

Lecture sequence & Assessments

Syllabus for Tests & Exam

Dates for Tests Deadlines for Practicals

Introduction-Part 1 & Part 2

Syllabus for Semester Test 1

Sept 11 – Sept 18

Test week

Fundamentals of Steam Power (Part 2)

Axial Flow Turbines (Part 1)

Axial Flow Turbines (Part 1)

Syllabus for Semester Test 2

Nov 1- Nov 6

Test week

Gas Turbines (Part 2)

Hydraulic Turbines (Part 1)

Advanced Systems (Part 2)

Advanced Systems (Part 2) Syllabus for Exam: (Test 1) + (Test 2)

+ (Remaining sections)

Nov 27 – Dec 15

Axial Flow Compressors (Part 1)

Centrifugal Pumps (Part 1)

Class Test 1 Lecture topics on Aug 23-Aug 30, Sep 1, Sep 2 (6

lectures)

September 6 (17:00-17:50)

Class Test 2 Lecture topics on Oct 14-Oct 21 (4

lectures)

October 25

(17:00-17:50)

Class Test 3 Lecture topics on Nov 11-Nov 18 (4

lectures)

November 22 (17:00-17:50)


Practicals Submission Deadlines for

Practicals

Practical group formation & group roster form

August 26

Reports: Practical 1 September 27

Reports: Practical 2 October 18

Reports: Practical 3 October 29


9. ATTACHMENTS (PRACTICAL)

9.1. General

The following three practical experiments will be carried out during the semester: (i) Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal Compressors (ii) Series and Parallel Pumps (iii) Performance Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbines All three practicals illustrate the applications of the four fundamental laws in the working principles of turbomachnies. The TAs will provide the practical demonstrations in video recording and obtain the data from the experiments. The recordings and data will be available in a shared Google drive. The Practical Guide for these experiments is posted separately in the ClickUP/Information.

9.2. Lab instructor

Mr. Chris Govinder Wind Tunnel Lab Tel: 012-420-6413 Email: [email protected]

9.3. Regulations Regarding Practicals

Students must form groups of 14 (min) to 16 (max) members per group. Each group must write one report on each practical using the measured data provided in the shared Google drive. Each student of a group must take part in the report writing for all the practicals (No Exemption). In addition, the following regulations apply to the practicals: (i) A sub-minimum of 50% must be achieved in each practical for the final exam entrance. (ii) Students should set aside approximately 1 hour for each practical to view the

demonstration in a recorded video and carry out his/her part for the report writing. (iii) Report on each practical must be prepared using the measured data only by a group of

14 to 16 students. Students must form their own groups and register their groups in roster list provided by the lecturer in clickUP/Information. The format of practical report is provided in the Section 9.5. The parameters to be determined from the experimental results and equations are provided in Practical Guide.

(iv) Measured data obtained by the TAs for the practicals are available in the shared Google drive. One group should not share data and report contents with another group.

9.4. Practical Report

(i) Each group must submit only one practical report (printed) on each experiment performed

(group report). The format of the report should follow the guidelines provided in the Section 9.5. Quality of the report must be of satisfactory standard. Each practical report must be handed in with the appropriate signed anti-plagiarism cover page (Group


mailto:[email protected]

Plagiarism Form from the Department website). No work will be marked without Plagiarism Form. Refer to Plagiarism in the Departmental Study Guide. Each student must contribute to the report writing.

(ii) The report must be submitted by the date suggested in Section 8. (iii) Each report will be marked based on 100 points according to the mark distributions in

Section 9.5. The appropriate percent weight on the whole report as per the “Rules of Assessments” (Section 6) will be assigned later during the semester mark calculations. The mark of a group report will be awarded to each individual member of the group.



9.5. Practical Report Format The report and sketches must be computer-typed. Hand-written reports will not be marked. The report shall contain the following: (i) Group Plagiarism cover page (ii) Title: Write down the title of the experiment, names and student numbers of the students

writing the report. (iii) Objectives: Write down the experimental objectives clearly and concisely. (iv) Schematic of test set-up: Show a schematic of the experimental facility clearly indicating

the measurement / sensor positions. An example of a set-up is shown below. Marks will be deducted for presenting any photograph of the test facility or downloaded images from the internet as the schematic of the test facility.

(v) Provide a brief description of the test set-up including any given physical dimensions and quantities that are not measured such as pipe diameter, inlet diameter, rotor or brake disc diameter, discharge coefficient. Describe briefly what has been measured with which instrument. Also, indicate if any measured data are faulty because of faulty-, broken- or non-calibrated instruments.

(vi) Nomenclature: List and define all the symbols used in the report. (vii) Results: Create at least two tables, one listing all the raw data measured and the second

one listing all the calculated results. Provide the appropriate title and column headings of the tables. Select a row in the result table. Following the tables, provide one set of sample calculations for all of the results in the chosen row. Students must clearly indicate the equations applied and assumptions made in the calculations.

(viii) Graphs / plots: Provide the graphs or plots as required by the “Practical Guide” manual. The “Practical Guide” includes instructions for all practicals and is provided separately in ClickUp.

(ix) Discussions of results: Discuss only the significant trends and findings in the graphs or charts or result table.

(x) Conclusion: Summarise your findings in the experiments. You may comment on whether and / or how better measurements could have been obtained in a separate paragraph. However, personal experiences or grievances about the experiments must not be raised in the report.

9.6. Assessment of Practical Report (Total marks 100 per report)

Marks for practical reports will be awarded as follows: (i) Objectives (5). (ii) Nomenclature & Schematic drawing of test facility (15)

Photograph of the test facility will not be considered as a schematic drawing, no credit will be awarded therefore.

(iii) Results (75), allocated as follows: a. Raw data tables (5) b. Result tables (25) c. Sample calculations (5) d. Graphs/plots (20) e. Discussions of results and graphs/plots (20)

(iv) Conclusions (5) (v) Total: 100


department: mechanical & aeronautical engineering module

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