department of chemistry faculty of science …

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

UNIVERSITI MALAYA

50603 KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIA

Phone: +603 7967 4204

Fax: +603 7967 4193

Email: [email protected]

Website: https://fs.um.edu.my/department-of-chemistry

Faculty of Science Handbook, Academic Session 2021/2022

95

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY SESSION 2021/2022

(132 CREDITS)

UNIVERSITY COURSES (14 CREDITS)

Course Code Course Name Credit

GIG1012 / GLT1017*

Philosophy and Current Issues (local students) / Basic Malay Language (*only for international students)

2

GIG1013 Appreciation of Ethics and Civilisations 2

GIG1003 Basic Entrepreneurship Enculturation 2

GKA/GKI/GKK/ GKP/GKS/GKU

Co-Curriculum 4

GLTxxxx English Course (subject to MUET bands) 4

CORE COURSES (77 CREDITS)


LEVEL 1 (26 CREDITS)

SIX1015 Science, Technology and Society 2

SIX1016 Statistics 3

SIC1001 Principle Chemistry 2

SIC1006 Computer Programming for the Sciences 3

SIC1007 Inorganic Chemistry I 3

SIC1008 Organic Chemistry I 3

SIC1009 Physical Chemistry I 3

SIC1010 Mathematics in Chemistry 2

SIC1011 Safety and Basic Laboratory Techniques*** 3

Course Code Course Name Pre-Requisite(s) Credit

SIC1012 Laboratory Skills** SIC1011 2


SIC2016

Inorganic Chemistry II

SIC1001 and SIC1007 Taken concurrently with SIC2017

3

SIC2017

Practical of Inorganic Chemistry II**


2

SIC2018 Organic Chemistry II


3

SIC2019

Practical of Organic Chemistry II**


2

SIC2020

Physical Chemistry II

SIC1001, SIC1009 and SIC1010 Taken concurrently with SIC2021

3

SIC2021

Practical of Physical Chemistry II**


2

SIC2022 Basic Analytical Chemistry*** SIC1001, SIC1007 and SIC1012

3

SIC2023 Molecular Spectroscopy SIC1001, SIC1009 and SIC1010 3

SIC2024 Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry SIC1008 Taken concurrently with SIC2018 2

SIC2025 Chemistry and Society SIC1001, SIC1007, SIC1008, SIC1009, and SIC1010 2


SIC3020

Inorganic Chemistry III

SIC2016 Taken concurrently with SIC3021

2

SIC3021

Practical of Inorganic Chemistry III**


2


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SIC3022

Organic Chemistry III


2

SIC3023

Practical of Organic Chemistry III**


2

SIC3024

Physical Chemistry III


2

SIC3025

Practical of Physical Chemistry III**


2

SIC3026 Industrial Training

SIC2016, SIC2018, SIC2020 and SIC2022

8

SIC3027 Research Project

SIC2016, SIC2018, SIC2020 and SIC2022

6

PURE CHEMISTRY PACKAGE

ELECTIVE COURSES (41 CREDITS)

(I) PROGRAMME ELECTIVE (33 Credit)


SIC3028 Advanced Analytical Chemistry*** SIC2022 3

SIC3029 Polymer Chemistry*** SIC2020 and SIC2021 3

SIC3030 Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry SIC2018 3

SIC3031 Electrochemistry SIC2016 3

SIC3032 Environmental Chemistry*** SIC2022 3

SIC3033 Natural Products and Biosynthesis SIC2018 3

SIC3034 Organic Synthesis SIC2018 2

SIC3035 Mechanistic Organic Chemistry SIC2018 3

SIC3036 Physical Organic Chemistry SIC2018 3

SIC3037 Bioinorganic Chemistry SIC2016 2

SIC3038 Nuclear Chemistry SIC2016 2

SIC3039 Materials Chemistry SIC2016 and SIC2020 3

SIC3040 Chemometrics*** SIC2020 3

SIC3041 Computational Chemistry*** SIC2020 3

SIC3042 Colloid Chemistry*** SIC2020 and SIC2021 3

(II) ELECTIVE UNIVERSITY COURSES (8 CREDITS) Student Holistic Empowerment [SHE]

Choose one course from each cluster

Cluster Cluster Title Credits

Cluster 1 Thinking Matters: Mind and Intellect 2

Cluster 2 Emotional, Physical and Spiritual Intelligence: Heart, Body & Soul 2

Cluster 3 Technology/Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics: I-Technie 2

Cluster 4 Global Issues and Community Sustainability: Making the World a Better Place 2


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APPLIED CHEMISTRY PACKAGE

ELECTIVE COURSES (41 CREDITS)

(I) PROGRAMME ELECTIVE COURSES (33 Credits)


SIC3040 Chemometrics*** SIC2020 3

SIC3041 Computational Chemistry*** SIC2020 3

SIC3042 Colloid Chemistry*** SIC2020 and SIC2021

3

SIC3043 Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation*** SIC2022 3

SIC3044 Industrial Chemistry SIC2016 3

SIC3045 Industrial Polymer Chemistry*** SIC2020 and SIC2021

3

SIC3046 Oleochemistry SIC2018 3

SIC3047 Petrochemistry SIC2016 and SIC2018

3

SIC3048 Process Chemistry SIC3044 3

SIC3049 Food Chemistry SIC2018 2

SIC3050 Natural Products and Biotechnological Processes

SIC2018 2

SIC3051 Applied Electrochemistry SIC2020 3

SIC3052 Catalysis SIC2016 2

SIC3053 Quality Assurance in Chemical Laboratory

SIC2022 2

SIC3054 Environmental Pollution and Waste Management***

SIC2022 3

SIC3055 Liquid Crystals SIC2020 2

(II) ELECTIVE UNIVERSITY COURSES (8 CREDITS)

Student Holistic Empowerment [SHE]

Choose one course from each cluster

Cluster Cluster Title Credits

Cluster 1 Thinking Matters: Mind and Intellect 2

Cluster 2 Emotional, Physical and Spiritual Intelligence: Heart, Body & Soul 2

Cluster 3 Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics: I-Technie

2

Cluster 4 Global Issues and Community Sustainability: Making the World a Better Place 2

* For non-Malaysian

** Practical course

*** With practical component


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PROGRAMME GOAL

To produce graduates that have critical thinking and could apply the knowledge of chemistry and the latest scientific technology efficiently to analyse and solve problems in the industry, environment, health and safety sectors.

PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the programme, graduates with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry are able to:

1. Master and understand knowledge of chemistry.

2. Perform experiments, record, analyze data and present experimental results effectively.

3. Communicate and interact effectively and confidently.

4. Practice ethical values and professionalism in performing tasks.

5. Act as a responsible leader or team member.

6. Manage and analyse digital and quantitative data.

7. Analyse, relate and solve problems creatively and innovatively.

8. Use efficient entrepreneurial and management skills in performing tasks.


99

LIST OF COURSES ACCORDING TO SEMESTER (Programme Planning)

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

Year

Component Semester I Semester II

Code Course Credit Code Course Credit

1

University courses

GIG1012/

GLT1017

Philosophy and Current Issues/ Basic Malay Language*

2 GIG1013 Appreciation of Ethics and Civilisations

2

GLTXXXX English 2 GLTXXXX English 2

GIG1003 Basic Entrepreneurship Enculturation

2

GKA/GKI/ GKK/ GKP/ GKS/GKU

1001

Co-Curriculum 2

Core courses

SIX1015 Science, Technology and Society

2 SIX1016 Statistics 3

SIC1001 Principles of Chemistry 2 SIC1009 Physical Chemistry I 3

SIC1007 Inorganic Chemistry I 3 SIC1010 Mathematics in Chemistry 2

SIC1008 Organic Chemistry I 3 SIC1012 Laboratory Skills 2

SIC1011 Safety and Basic Laboratory Techniques

3

Elective courses

Student Holistic Empowerment (SHE) Cluster 1: Thinking Matters: Mind & Intellect

2 Student Holistic Empowerment (SHE) Cluster 2: Emotional & Spiritual Intelligence: Heart & Soul

2

Total Credit 19 20


100

Year Component Semester I Semester II


2

University courses

GKA/GKI/ GKK/GKP/ GKS/ GKU

Co-Curriculum 2

1001

Core courses

SIC2016 Inorganic Chemistry II 3 SIC1006 Computer Programming for the Sciences

3

SIC2017 Practical of Inorganic 2 SIC2023 Molecular 3

Chemistry II Spectroscopy

SIC2018 Organic Chemistry II 3 SIC2020 Physical Chemistry II 3

SIC2019 Practical of Organic 2 SIC2021 Practical of Physical 2

Chemistry II Chemistry II

SIC2022 Basic Analytical 3 SIC2025 Chemistry and 2

Chemistry Society

SIC2024 Spectroscopic 2

Methods in Organic

Chemistry

Elective courses

Student Holistic Empowerment (SHE)

2 Student Holistic Empowerment (SHE)

2

Cluster 3: Cluster 4:

Technology/ Artificial Global Issue and

Intelligence and Data Community

Analytics: I-Technie Sustainability: Making

the World a Better

Place

Total Credit 17 17


101



3

University courses

Core courses

SIC3022 Organic Chemistry III 2 SIC3020 Inorganic Chemistry III

2

SIC3023 Practical of Organic Chemistry III

2 SIC3021 Practical of Inorganic Chemistry III

2

SIC3024 Physical Chemistry III 2 SIC3027 Research Project (Progressive)

3

SIC3025 Practical of Physical Chemistry III

2

Elective courses

Programme Elective**

9 Programme Elective**

9

Total Credit 17 16



4

University courses

Core courses

SIC3027 Research Project (Progressive)

3 SIC3026 Industrial Training 8

Elective courses

Programme Elective**

15

Total Credit 18 8

Overall Total Credit 132

*For non-Malaysian **Elective courses should be selected according to the packages below.


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Programme Elective Courses follow the packages below.

Pure Chemistry Package

**Programme Elective Courses (33 Credits)


SIC3028 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 3

SIC3029 Polymer Chemistry 3

SIC3030 Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry 3

SIC3031 Electrochemistry 3

SIC3032 Environmental Chemistry 3

SIC3033 Natural Products and Biosynthesis 3

SIC3034 Organic Synthesis 2

SIC3035 Mechanistic Organic Chemistry 3

SIC3036 Physical Organic Chemistry 3

SIC3037 Bioinorganic Chemistry 2

SIC3038 Nuclear Chemistry 2

SIC3039 Materials Chemistry 3

SIC3040 Chemometrics 3

SIC3041 Computational Chemistry 3

SIC3042 Colloid Chemistry 3

OR

Applied Chemistry Package

** Programme Elective Courses (33 Credits)


SIC3040 Chemometrics 3

SIC3041 Computational Chemistry 3

SIC3042 Colloid Chemistry 3

SIC3043 Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation 3

SIC3044 Industrial Chemistry 3

SIC3045 Industrial Polymer Chemistry 3

SIC3046 Oleochemistry 3

SIC3047 Petrochemistry 3

SIC3048 Process Chemistry 3

SIC3049 Food Chemistry 2

SIC3050 Natural Products and Biotechnological Processes 2

SIC3051 Applied Electrochemistry 3

SIC3052 Catalysis 2

SIC3053 Quality Assurance in Chemical Laboratory 2

SIC3054 Environmental Pollution and Waste Management 3

SIC3055 Liquid Crystals 2


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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

The Department of Chemistry is the largest department in the Faculty of Science. The Department started operation in the academic year 1959/1960 and is one of the oldest departments in the faculty. The Department is the first institution of higher learning in Malaysia to receive the prestigious Royal Society of Chemistry, UK accreditation for its BSc (Chemistry) and BSc (Applied Chemistry) programme since August 2012. One of the objectives of the Department is to provide a centre of excellence in chemical education and research in Malaysia. Students from the department are trained to develop their critical, creative and innovative thinking. The Department is proud to produce graduates who are highly regarded and much sought after in the workforce market. Presently, the Department has 56 academic staff, several of whom are from abroad, and 1 Emeritus Professor. Apart from teaching at both undergraduate and postgraduate degree levels, the staff also conduct quality research in fundamental and applied chemistry. Although the academic staff have different research interests, they adhere to the same philosophy in solving chemical-related problems and in the development of expertise in chemistry. In addition to the undergraduate Programme, the Department also offers MSc by research and coursework; and PhD programmes. Since her establishment, the Department has produced many MSc and PhD graduates who assume high positions in both government and private organisations locally and internationally.

ACADEMIC STAFF

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Prof. Dr. Zanariah Abdullah, BSc, PhD (East Lond)

PROFESSOR Dr. Azhar Arifin, BSc (Mal), PhD (Nottingham) Dr. Khalijah Awang, BSc (Waterloo), MSc, PhD (Paris) Dr. Misni Misran, BSc (Flinders), PhD (East Anglia) Dr. Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman, BA (Chico, Cal.), MSc (Irvine, Cal.), PhD (Cambridge), CChem, MRSC Dr. Sharifah Mohamad, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (UPM) Dr. Sharifuddin M Zain, BSc (Lond), ARCS, PhD (Lond), DIC Dr. Wan Jefrey Basirun, BSc (Mal), PhD (S’ton) Dr. Yatimah Alias, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (East Anglia)

EMERITUS PROFESSOR Dr. Ng Soon, B.Chem.Eng, MS (OSU, Ohio), PhD (UC Berkeley), CChem, FRSC, FMIC, FASc

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr. Cheng Sit Foon, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Choo Yeun Mun, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Hairul Anuar Tajuddin, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (Sheff) Dr. H. N. M Ekramul Mahmud, BSc, Msc (Dhaka), PhD (UPM) Dr. Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (QUB) Dr. Noraini Ahmad, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih, Dip. (LGM), Dip., BSc (UiTM), PhD (Durham) Dr. Nor Kartini Abu Bakar, BSc (Mal), PhD (Wales), MRSC, CChem Dr. Siti Nadiah Abd. Halim, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (Bristol) Dr. Tan Kong Wai, BSc, MSc (UKM), PhD (Mal) Dr. Thorsten Heidelberg, Dipl Chem, PhD (Hamburg) Dr. Vannajan Sanghiran Lee, BSc (Chiang Mai Univ., Thailand), MSc, PhD (Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City)

SENIOR LECTURER Dr. Abdullah Al-Hadi bin Ahmad Fuaad, BBiot, PhD (Qld) Dr. Arniza Khairani Mohd Jamil, BSc, PhD (Aust) Dr. Azeana Zahari, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal)

Dr. Azila Mohd Idris, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (Monash Univ., Melbourne) Dr. Azizah Mainal, BSc (Michigan), MSc (Mal), PhD (S’ton) Dr. Azman Ma’amor, BSc (UKM), MSc (Mal), PhD (Belfast) Dr. Desmond Ang Teck Chye, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr.-Ing Nurdiana Nordin, BA, MSc (Mal), PhD (Karlsruhe Inst. Tech, Germany) Dr. Iskandar Abdullah, BSc, PhD (Mal). Dr. Khor Sook Mei, BSc, MSc (UKM), PhD (UNSW) Dr. Lim Siew Huah, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Low Kah Hin, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Low Yun Yee, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Md Firoz Khan, BSc (Dhaka), MSc (Dhaka), MSc (Birmingham), PhD (Yokohama) Dr. Mehran Sookhakian, BA (Kerman), MSc (Esfahan), PhD (Mal) Dr. Muhammad Kumayl bin Abdul Wahab, BSc (Urbana, IL), MSc, PhD (UM). Dr. Mohammad Noh Daud, BSc (Mal), PhD (Bristol) Dr. Muggundha Raoov a/l Ramachandran, BSc (UMT), MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Muhammad Faisal Bin Khyasudeen, BSc (Mal), PhD (NTU, Singapore) Dr. Muhamad Aqmal Othman, BSc , MSc (Mal), PhD (Hokkaido) Dr. Nazzatush Shimar Jamaludin, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Noor Idayu Mat Zahid, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Noordini Mohamad Salleh, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Nor Asrina Sairi, BSc, MSc (UPM), PhD (Mal) Dr. Nor Mas Mira Abd. Rahman, BSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Nor Saadah Mohd. Yusof, BSc.Ed., MSc (Mal), PhD (UoM) Dr. Rozie Sarip, BSc, MSc (UTM), PhD (UCL, London) Dr. Rusnah Syahila Duali Hussen, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Sarfraz Ahmad, BSc, MSc (Lahore, Pakistan), PhD (Graz, Austria) Dr. Siti Jariani Mohd Jani, BSc, MSc (UPM), PhD (Univ. of Florida, USA) Dr. Siti Munirah Saharin, BSc, MSc (Mal), PhD (TTI, Nagoya) Dr. Tay Kheng Soo, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Teo Yin Yin, BSc, MSc, PhD (Mal) Dr. Woi Pei Meng, BSc, MSc (UPM), PhD (Mal)

RESEARCH AREAS

Research in the Department may be divided into 5 main areas; organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and polymer chemistry. Some active research subareas are natural products, environmental chemistry, colloidal chemistry, computational chemistry, synthesis of organic compounds, organometallics chemistry and electrochemistry.

The Department possesses sophisticated and up-to-date instrumentation for teaching and conducting leading edge research activities: one FT-NMR 300MHz, one FT-NMR 600MHz, three FT-NMR 400MHz, one FT-NMR EX90MHz, Crystal X-ray Diffractometer (single, dual wavelength, and powder), Capillary Electrophoresis, Elemental Analyser, Mercury Analyzer, GC, GC-MS, GC-FID, GC-ECD, ICP- MS, LC-MS (QTOF high resolution), Injection Moulding Machine, Twin-Screw Extruder, Impact Tester, Tensile Tester, DSC, DMA, TGA,TGA-GCMS,TGA-DTA, FT-IR Imaging, Micro-Raman, UV Spectrometer, Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, HPLC, LC-Prep, AAS, Flame Photometer, Rheometer, Optical Polarizing Microscope, Microwave digester, Guoy Balance, Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Ion Chromatography, X-ray


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Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), Electroanalytical System and Gel Imager. TOC analyser, densitometer, colour spectrometer, light scattering GPC, thermoconductivity meter, particle size analyser, FESEM.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Courses offered by the Department meet the current requirements to accommodate job and career advancement. Chemistry is recognised as a professional field by Malaysian Institute of Chemistry and to date, our chemistry graduates have filled the job market in both public and private sectors. Job opportunities are available in basic research and development areas in research institutions such as FRIM, SIRIM, MARDI, Petronas, MPOB and IMR. In addition, graduates are employed in the teaching profession in schools, colleges and universities. Career opportunities are also available in the chemical and manufacturing industries, oil and gas industries, petrochemicals, energy and fuel industries, polymer and materials, electronics, sales and marketing, and new growth areas of green and sustainable technologies.

COURSE SYNOPSIS

SIC1001 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

Part A: Atoms, Molecules, Ions and Mass Relationship in Chemical Reaction

The atomic theory, the structure of the atom, atomic number, mass number and isotopes, molecules and ions, chemical formulas, naming compounds, Avogadro’s number and the molar mass of an element, percent composition of compounds, empirical formulas, chemical reactions and chemical equations, stoichiometry calculations, amounts of reactants and products, limiting reagents, percentage of yield.

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

General properties of aqueous solutions, precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, concentration of solutions.

Periodic Relationships Among the Elements History of the periodic table, classification of the elements, trends in periodic table (atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, bond energy, lattice energy).

Chemical Bonding Ionic bond, covalent bond, dative/coordinate bond, metallic bond, hydrogen bond, Van der Waals interaction, dipole moment, Lewis structure (formal charge and resonance), exceptions to the octet rule, molecular geometry, valence bond theory, hybridization of atomic orbitals, hybridization in molecules containing double and triple bonds, molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital configurations, delocalized molecular orbitals.

Chemical Equilibrium The Equilibrium Law of reactions, relationship between Kp and Kc, Le Chatelier’s Principle, equilibrium calculations.

Part B: Atomic Structure Models of atomic structure (Dalton, Rutherford, Bohr, quantum theory), wavefunction (quantization, atomic orbitals), particle-wave duality, many-electron atoms (Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, Aufbau principle, electronic configuration).

Gas Ideal gases (states of gases, gas laws, ideal gas law, gas stoichiometry, Dalton’s law of partial pressures, kinetic molecular theory of gases, mean free path and collision diameter), molecular speed distribution, Boltzmann distribution law, effusion, diffusion and viscosity, real gases (molecular interactions, Van der Waals equation, behaviour of real gases, the critical state, the law of corresponding states).

Electrolyte

Properties of electrolyte solutions (Kohlrausch's Law, ionic conductivity). . Assessment Weightage: Continuous assessment: 40% Final examination: 60%

References: 1. R. Chang and K. A. Goldsby, Chemistry, McGraw-Hill

Education, 2015, 12th Edition. 2. P. Atkins, T. Overton, J. Rourke, M. Weller and F.

Armstrong, Shriver & Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2018, 7th Edition.

3. M. S. Silberberg, Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, McGraw-Hill, 2017, 8th Edition.

4. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula and J. Keeler, Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2018, 11th Edition.

SIC1006 Computer Programming for the Sciences

This course aims to arm science students with the basics of programming computers using Python. This course covers the basics of how one constructs a program from a series of simple instructions in Python. This course has no pre- requisites and avoids all but the simplest mathematics. Anyone with some computer experience should be able to master the materials in this course. At the end of this course students should be able to:

Map scientific problems into computational frameworks. Read, write and debug Python codes for these scientific problems. Describe the advantages and limitations of a computer language in solving these problems. Students who successfully completed this course will be prepared for more advanced concepts of programming and effectively use external modules related to the various fields of science in solving more sophisticated problems.

Assessment Weightage: Continuous assessment: 40% Final examination: 60%

References: 1. Eric Matthes, Python Crash Course: A Hands-On,

Project-Based Introduction to Programming, No Starch Press, 2016

2. Allen B. Downey, Think Python How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, 2nd Edition, O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2015

3. Langtangen, Hans Petter A Primer on Scientific Programming with Python, Springer 2016

SIC1007 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Non-aqueous media: Introduction to non-aqueous media Acid–base behaviour in non-aqueous solvent, self-ionizing and non-ionizing non-aqueous solvent, liquid: ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric, fluorosulfonic acid, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid.


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Types of solids: Description of the structures of solid, Structure of metals and alloys, Ionic solids.

Chemistry of s and p-block elements: Occurrence and abundance, extraction, physical properties and chemical properties.

Acid and base: Arrhenius and Ostwald Theory, Bronsted acidity, Bronsted equilibrium, periodic trend in Bronsted acidity, Lux concept oxoacids, polyoxoacids, Pauling’s rule, Lewis acids and bases, relative strength of Lewis acids and bases, Hard-soft theory for acids and bases, thermodynamic parameter for acids and bases, Drago- Wayland equation.

Oxidation and reduction reactions: definition and types of redox reactions; oxidizing and reducing agents, oxidation number (O.N.) and its importance, procedure for calculating O.N., elements with more than one O.N. Half redox reactions and balancing of redox reaction equations, standard electrode potential and electrochemical series, Frost diagrams, Pourbaix Diagram and its interpretation, Ellingham diagram.


References: 1. M. Weller, T.Overton and J.Rourke, Inorganic

Chemistry, 7th Edn., Oxford University Press, 2018. 2. C. E. Housecroft and A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic

Chemistry, 5th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018. 3. J. E. House and K. A. House, Descriptive Inorganic

Chemistry, 3th Edn., Academic Press, 2015.

SIC1008 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Free radical substitution, electrophilic addition, electrophilic aromatic substitution and elimination.

Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons.

Stereochemistry: Isomerism in organic compounds: constitutional and stereoisomers; chirality and optical activity; enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and resolution; molecules with two (or more) chiral centres, meso-compounds; configuration and labelling of chiral centres: Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules.


References: 1. Graham Solomons and Craig Fryhle, Organic Chemistry,

10th ed., Wiley, 2011. 2. Paula Yukanis Bruice, Organic Chemistry, 8th ed.,

Pearson Prentice Hall, 2017. 3. John McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 9th ed., Brookes/Cole,

2015.

SIC1009 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I

Part A: Principle of Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Processes

Definitions of system, heat and work. The Zeroth Law and direction of heat flow. The First, Second and Third Laws are being discussed together with the introduction of relevant state functions. Criteria for spontaneous and equilibrium processes (reversible processes). The application of

thermodynamics to chemical equilibrium and electrochemistry.

Part B: Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics

Introduction to electrochemistry, electrochemical cells, standard potential and its application, Nernst equation and thermodynamics properties from electrochemistry study. Rate of reaction; rate laws, orders of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy and approximation to steady state conditions.

Part C: Quantum Mechanics

The origin of quantum theory; Postulates and general principles of quantum mechanics: wavefunction, operator, eigenfunction, eigenvalue, probability, average value and Schrodinger equation; Dynamic and motion of simple microscopic systems: translational motion, harmonic oscillator and vibrational motion, angular momentum and rotational motion; Electronic structures of hydrogen like atoms: hydrogen atom, atomic orbital, Pauli principle, Aufbau principle, Hund's rules, electron configuration, Slater determinant, angular momentum coupling, atomic terms, spin-orbit and other interactions, symmetry, atomic spectra and selection rules. Introduction to spectroscopy, radiation and matter; The electromagnetic spectrum; absorption; stimulated and spontaneous emission; spectral intensity and bandwidth; Brief introduction to NMR, rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy.


References: 1. P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 11th ed. OUP, 2018. 2. G.M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill,

2011. 3. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University

Science Book, 2010. 4. F.J. Bockhoff, Elements of Quantum Theory, Addison-

Wesley Pub. Company, 2nd Ed., 2010. 5. M. S. Silberberg and P. Amateis, Chemistry: The

Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, McGraw-Hill, 8th Ed., 2011.

SIC1010 Mathematics in Chemistry

This course equips students with the mathematical and conceptual skills that necessary to gain a better understanding of chemistry.

The topics covered is organized in two parts: Part I on linear algebra, vector, determinants, and matrices. Part II on calculus and differential equations.


References: 1. P. Monk & L. J. Munro, Maths for Chemistry: A chemist

toolkit of calculation, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press: New York, 2010.

2. E. Steiner. The Chemistry Maths Book, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press: New York, 2011.

3. M. Cockett & G. Doggett, Maths for Chemists, 2nd ed. RSC Publishing: Cambridge, 2012.


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SIC1011 SAFETY AND BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Safety in a chemical laboratory; quantitative analysis (volumetry & gravmetry); basic chemical separation techniques; chemical bonding: VSEPR concept, configuration & conformation, stereochemistry

Assessment Weightage: Continuous assessment: 100% Final examination: -

References: 1. Robert H. Hill & David C. Finster (2016) Laboratory

Safety for Chemistry Student, John Wiley & Sons. 2. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula and J. Keeler, Atkin’s

Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2018, 11th Edition.

3. N. Levine, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 2009, 6th Edition.

4. H. Becker, W. Berger & G. Domschke, Organicum: Practical handbook of organic chemistry, Revised Edn., Elsevier Science, 2013.

5. B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith & A.R. Tatchell, Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. 5th Edn, Pearson India, 2003.

6. P. McPherson, Practical Volumetric Analysis, RSC, 2014.

7. A.J. Berry, Volumetric Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2014

8. Catherine E. Housecroft and Alan G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018.

SIC1012 LABORATORY SKILLS

Application of volumetric in stoichiometric analysis; qualitative organic analysis: elemental analysis & functional group tests; investigation of chemical reaction kinetics, measurement of reaction enthalpy.


References: 1. Robert H. Hill & David C. Finster (2016) Laboratory

Safety for Chemistry Student, John Wiley & Sons. 2. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula and J. Keeler, Atkin’s


3. N. Levine, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 2009, 6th Edition.

4. H. Becker, W. Berger & G. Domschke, Organicum: Practical handbook of organic chemistry, Revised Edn., Elsevier Science, 2013.

5. B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith & A.R. Tatchell, Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry. 5th Edn, Pearson India, 2003.

6. P. McPherson, Practical Volumetric Analysis, RSC, 2014.

7. A.J. Berry, Volumetric Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2014

8. Catherine E. Housecroft and Alan G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018.

SIC2016 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Coordination chemistry: Introduction to coordinate bond, types of ligands, coordination number, nomenclature, isomerism and

chirality, Werner's theory, valence bond theory, magnetic properties, crystal field theory, ligand field theory, Jahn-Teller effect, tetrahedral complex, octahedral complex, tetragonal distortion, electronic spectra, Orgel diagram and Tanabe-Sugano diagram.

Reaction kinetics and mechanism of transition metal complexes: Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanism. Dissociative, associative and interchange mechanisms. Derivation of the rate law based on the above mechanisms. Substitution reactions of octahedral, tetrahedral and 5-coordinate systems. Substitution reactions catalysed by acid and base. Inner-sphere and outer-sphere mechanisms.

Molecular Symmetry:

Symmetry elements, symmetry operations, point groups, stereographic projections, group theory, transformation matrices, reducible representation, irreducible representation, character tables, application in IR and Raman spectroscopies and chiral molecules


References: 1. C. E. Housecroft and A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic

Chemistry, 5th edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018. 2. M. Weller, T. Overton and J. Rourke, Inorganic

Chemistry, 7th edn, Oxford University Press, 2018. 3. J. E. House and K. A. House, Descriptive Inorganic

Chemistry, 3rd edn., Academic Press, 2015.

SIC2017 PRACTICAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY Isomers, spectrochemical series and mechanochemical reactions.

KINETICS Cis- and trans- transformation and ligand substitution reactions

Instrumentation Theory and hands on techniques on 1H NMR, FTIR and UV-Vis


References: 1. C. E. Housecroft and a. G. Sharpe, inorganic

chemistry, 5th Edn., pearson prentice hall, 2018. 2. M. Weller, t. Overton and j. Rourke, inorganic

chemistry, 7th Edn, oxford university press, 2018. 3. J. E. House and k. A. House, descriptive inorganic

chemistry, 3rd Edn., academic press, 2015. 4. Journal articles of the current year.

SIC2018 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Nucleophilic addition, nucleophilic acyl substitution, oxidation and reduction.

Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis.

Chemistry of enols and enolates: Acidity of the α-hydrogen, -keto-enol tautomerism; halogenation and alkylation, regioselective enolate formation: formation of aldols and enamines as enol equivalents. Conjugate addition.


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Chemistry of amines; chirality of nitrogen atom, reactions of amines.

Introduction to biomolecules: carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.


References: 1. T. W. G. Solomons, Organic Chemistry, 12th ed., Wiley,

2016. 2. J. E. McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 9th ed. Cengage

Learning, 2015. 3. P. Bruice, Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition, Pearson,

2016. 4. J. Clayden, N. Greeves and S. Warren, Oxford Organic

Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford, 2012. 5. L. Wade and J. Simek, Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition,

Pearson, 2016.

SIC2019 PRACTICAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

Organic synthesis & natural product extraction; Application of metal reagents in organic synthesis;

Application of qualitative elemental analysis, functional group tests, spectroscopy and small-scale chemical conversion for the identification of organic compounds.


References: 1. K. L. Williamson & k. M. Masters (2010). Macroscale

and microscale organic experiments. Cengage Learning

2. B.s. Furniss, A. J. Hannaford, P. W. G. Smith & A. R. Tatchell, Yogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th Edn, Pearson India, 2003.

3. H. Becker, w. Berger & g. Domschke, Organicum:Practical Handbook Of Organic Chemistry, Revised Edn., Elsevier Science, 2013.

SIC2020 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Part A: Quantum Chemistry Harmonic oscillator and vibrational motion, angular momentum and rotational motion; Electronic structures of hydrogen-like atoms and many-electron atoms, approximation methods for many electron atoms–neglect of electron-electron repulsion, perturbation theory and variation methods, independent particle approximation, Pauli principle, Aufbau principle, Hund's rules, Slater determinant, Hartree-Fock self-consistent field method, molecular Hamilton operator, Electronic structure of molecules: Born-Oppenheimer approximation, molecular orbital theory, valence-bond theory, Huckel molecular orbital theory.

Part B: Chemical Kinetics Introduction to reaction rate theory. Collision between molecules, gas transport phenomenon. Collision theory of uni-, bi- and termolecular gas reactions. Complex reactions.

Part C: Chemical Thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent mixtures. Equilibrium of chemical reactions. Phase equilibrium: phase transition and classification; phase rule, phase diagram for

multicomponent system (liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid and liquid-solid) and applications.

Part D: Macromolecules Introduction to macromolecules and polymers. Kinetics of free radical polymerisation. Distribution and determination of molecular weights. Solubility and conformation of polymers.

Assessment Weightage Continuous assessment: 40% Final examination: 60%

References: 1. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 11th ed., Oxford

University Press, 2018. 2. P. W. Atkins and R. S. Friedman, Molecular Quantum

Mechanics, Oxford University Press, 2011, 5th Edition. 3. J. P. Lowe and K. A. Peterson, Quantum Chemistry,

Elsevier Academic Press, 2011, 3rd Edition. 4. R. J. Young and P. A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers,

CRC Press, 2011, 3rd Edition.

SIC2021 PRACTICAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Thermodynamical properties of liquid-vapour phase equilibrium, heat of neutralisation, determining activity coefficients via emf measurements, ionic transport numbers, partial molar properties of solutions, kinetics of chemical reaction, determination of mean activity coefficient and solubility of potassium hydrogen tartarate (KHT) in aqueous solution.


References: 1. Laboratory Manual Physical Chemistry II, Department

Of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya. 2. P. W. Atkins, J. De Paula And J. Keeler, Atkin’s


3. G.M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 6th Ed., 2011.

SIC2022 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I

Introduction Classical analysis, concentration systems/units, sampling in analysis.

Data Treatment Precision and accuracy, statistical methods for error analysis, population and sampling, confidence limits, measurement uncertainty, significant figures, test for mean, rejection of analytical data.

Complexometric titration EDTA complexometric titrations, back titration, metal indicators, masking agent.

Spectrometry Interaction of light energy between atoms and molecules; quantitative aspects of absorption. Molecular spectrometric techniques – UV / Visible, IR, NIR; dispersion, absorption, fluorescence and emission. Spectrophotometric instruments; Atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry: An introduction uses of spectrophotometry.


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Separation Methods Introduction to the theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC, ion exchange chromatography, solvent extraction, partition coefficient, multiple extraction, efficiency.

Electroanalytical Chemistry Quantitative analysis – standard addition technique and internal standard technique; Potentiometry – indicator and reference electrode, pH glass electrode, ion selective electrodes.

Assessment Weightage: Practical: 30% Continuous assessment: 20% Final examination: 50%

References: 1.D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F.J. Holler & S.R Crouch,

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th ed., Cengage, Brooks/ Cole, 2014.

2.D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th ed., WH Freeman, 2015.

3.D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler & S.R. Crouch (2017) Principles of instrumental Analysis, 7th ed, Cengage Learning.

SIC2023 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

Basic Spectroscopy. Vibrational, Rotational, Electronic and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Components in a spectrophotometer, experimental setup of Fourier Transform. Rotational, vibrational and rotational- vibrational spectroscopy. Introduction of Raman effect. Electronic spectroscopy of atoms and molecules; electronic term symbols for atoms and molecules. Introduction of photoelectron spectroscopy. Basics of diatomic and polyatomic molecular electronic spectroscopy. Magnetic nuclei in an external magnetic field. FT NMR experiments. Boltzman distribution and population of energy levels. Relaxation processes and width of spectral lines. High resolution NMR spectra: chemical shift and spin-spin coupling. First-order and second-order spectrum. Exchange processes. Double resonance experiments. NMR spectra of solids.


References: 1. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular

Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, 1994. 2. P. W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, Physical Chemistry, 11th ed.,

Oxford University Press, 2018. 3. P. J. Hore, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Oxford

University Press, 1995. 4. M. Diem, Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy, John Wiley,

1993.

SIC2024 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

IR spectroscopy: Characteristic functional group absorptions in organic molecules.

UV spectroscopy: electronic transitions and common chromophores in organic compounds; Beer-Lambert Law and Woodward-Fieser Rules. Correlation between optical spectra and MO theory. NMR spectroscopy: 1H-NMR – chemical shift: inductive and anisotropic effects; Spin-spin coupling: geminal and vicinal coupling, Karplus equation; examples of 1H-1H splitting

patterns; allylic and long-range coupling; techniques for improving the NMR spectrum: use of shift reagents. 13C NMR spectrum – e.g., completely-coupled, completely- decoupled; off-resonance-decoupled; APT and DEPT spectra; carbon chemical shifts and functional groups.

Mass spectrometry: EIMS – molecular ions, isotope peaks, fragmentation ions and patterns. HREIMS and determination of molecular formula of organic compounds. Application of combined techniques in organic structure determination.


References: 1. R. M. Silverstein, F. X. Webster, D. J. Kiemle,

Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds, 7th ed., John Wiley, 2005.

2. Kamaliah Mahmood dan Noorsaadah Abd Rahman, Kaedah Kimia dalam pengenalpastian Sebatian Organik, Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 1998.

3. P. Crews, J. Rodriguez, M. Jaspars, Organic structure analysis, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 2009.

4. D. Williams, I. Flemming, Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2007.

5. D. L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G. S. Kritz, J. A. Vyvyan, Introduction to spectroscopy, 4th ed., Cengage, 2009.

SIC2025 CHEMISTRY AND SOCIETY

This course exposes students to community services and volunteerism with the knowledge of chemistry to assist the community in solving current issues.

Students need to plan and implement programs in groups, as well as group reports and presentations based on experiences with the communities.


References: 1. Lina D. Dostilio, 2017. The Community Engagement

Professional in Higher 2. Education: A Competency Model for an Emerging

Field, Campus Compact. 3. Julia Preece 2017. University Community

Engagement and Lifelong 4. Learning: The Porous University, Springer.

Benneworth,Paul.editor. 2013. University Engagement With Socially Excluded Communities, Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer.

A. Hoy, M. Johnson, 2013. Deepening Community Engagement in Higher Education: Forging New Pathways, Springer.

SIC3020 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Organometallic Chemistry: Historical background, classification/bonding types of organometallics compounds of transition elements, main group organometallics & lanthanides, 18-electron rules, ligands in organometallics (carbonyl, hydride, alkyl/alkene, carbene, carbyne, metallocene & fullerene) organometallic reactions.

Metal chemistry:

Occurrence, methods of extraction, chemical reactions and applications of metals, chemistry of block d and f metals.


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Assessment Weightage:

Assessment Weightage: Continuous assessment: 100% Continuous assessment: 40% Final examination: - Final examination: 60%

References:

References: 1. E. Housecroft and A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry,

5th edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018. 2. M. Weller, T. Overton and J. Rourke, Inorganic



SIC3021 PRACTICAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Synthesis of organometallic compounds, spectroscopic analysis for structural determination and investigation of point group based on IR and Raman spectra.


References: 1. E. Housecroft and A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry,

5th edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2018. 2. M. Weller, T. Overton and J. Rourke, Inorganic



SIC3022 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

Strategies in multistep synthesis: retrosynthetic analysis. Synthesis of C-C-bonds.

Asymmetric synthesis: axial chirality, importance of enantiopure compounds, chiral pool; selected examples of asymmetric synthesis including hydrogenation, epoxidation, dihydroxylation, use of chiral auxiliaries.

Reactivity; intermediates and product studies, energetics and kinetics, isotope effects and linear free energy relationships.


References: 1. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Peter

Wothers, Organic Chemistry, 2th Edition, Oxford Press, 2012 (latest edition)

2. Michael Smith, Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Academic Press, 2016

3. David E, Lewis, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 23rd Edition (Dewey), Oxford Uni. Press (New York), 2016

4. S. Warren, Organic Synthesis, Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2019

SIC3023 PRACTICAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY III

‘Oligo-step’ organic synthesis; Carbonyl chemistry: Correlation of experimental operations with theory;

Separation of organic compounds using an acid-base extraction scheme; application of qualitative elemental analysis, functional group tests, spectroscopy and small- scale chemical conversion for the identification of organic compounds

1. Williamson, K. L., & Masters, K. M. (2010). Macroscale and microscale organic experiments. Cengage Learning.

2. Furniss, B. S. (1989). Vogel's textbook of practical organic chemistry. Pearson Education India.

SIC3024 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY III

Part A: Electronic Structure Theory and Photochemistry

Linear variational method, Time independent and dependent perturbation theories, Angular momentum theory. Energy diagram of many-electron atoms, Molecular orbital theory and electronic potential energy.

Absorption and emission of light, Fluorescence and quenching, Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, Internal conversion, Intersystem crossing, Phosphorescence, Photodissociation, Laser-induced fluorescence, Multiphoton ionization, Photochemistry on short time scales, Atmospheric chemistry.

Part B: Statistical Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Molecular Reactions The fundamentals of statistical mechanics from the definitions of molecular interactions giving a set of energy levels for N-molecule systems. Statistical treatment to obtain a distribution of the most probable energy configuration or Boltzmann distribution. Introduction to partition function of molecules containing all the information on N-molecule systems. Ensemble concept, incorporated partition function and its relation to thermodynamic properties.

Diffusion controlled reactions. Activated complex theory and reactions in solutions. The dynamics of molecular collisions.


References: 1.P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 11th ed., Oxford

University Press, New York, 2018 2.P. W. Atkins, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 5th ed.,

Oxford University Press, New York, 2011. 3.J. P. Lowe, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd ed., Academic Press,

New York, 2011. 4.P. W., Atkins, J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry for the Life

Sciences, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011.

SIC3025 PRACTICAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY III

Bomb calorimetry, molecular spectroscopy, the critical point, determination of acid dissociation constant for methyl red, phase diagram of a three-component partially immiscible liquid system, hydrolysis of tert-butyl chloride, influence of alcohol chain elongation on the surface activity for normal aliphatic alcohol, determination of vapour viscosity, rotational-vibrational spectra of HCl and DCl.



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References: 1. Laboratory Manual Physical Chemistry III, Department

of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya. 2. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula and J. Keeler, Atkin’s Physical

Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2018, 11th Edition. 3. G.M. Barrow, Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, 6 Ed.,

2011

SIC3026 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Industrial training is a platform for BSc in Chemistry students to equip themselves with chemical industry related skills and working ethics via practical training under the supervision of professionals. Experience in the industry will provide an opportunity for the students to explore their career interest, develop personal potential and increase their employability in the field of Chemistry.


SIC3027 RESEARCH PROJECT

Students will carry out project works related to the BSc Program. This course is to be continued for a maximum of 2 semesters. Detailed information about this course can be downloaded from the Department’s website.


References: Journal articles relevant the scope of research project.

LEVEL 3 ELECTIVE COURSES

SIC3028 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Trace Analysis

Introduction, techniques and limitations, considerations in implementation of trace analysis

Sample preparation for inorganic and organic compounds

Steps in total analysis, dry, wet and microwave sample digestion, selected solid phase extraction and liquid phase extraction technique.

Spectrometry Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS): atomization techniques such as flame atomization, electrothermal (graphite furnace) atomization, hydride generation technique, glow discharge atomization, cold vapour technique. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES): flame, arc-spark and plasma AES (ICP-AES), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS): principle, instrumentation, excitation sources, advantages, limitations.

Separation Methods Advanced aspects on theory and process of separation in

GC and HPLC, van Deemter equation, general resolution

equation and HETP, types and selection of stationary phases in GC, capillary GC, reversed phase HPLC, effects of mobile phases in HPLC separations, instrumentation in GC and HPLC, detectors in GC and HPLC, hyphenated techniques: GC-MS and LC-MS. Basic principles of capillary eletrophoresis.


References: 1. G. D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, 7th Edition, John

Wiley & Sons, 2008 2. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler & S.R. Crouch,

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publ, 2014.

3. Harris, D.C. (2015) Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th Edition

SIC3029 POLYMER CHEMISTRY

Part A: Polymerization and Modification of Polymer

Polymerization processes and mechanism (stepwise & addition polymerization). Copolymers: Structures and properties of copolymers. Monomer reactivity ratios. Polymer structure and properties (structural isomerism & stereoisomerism). Diene monomers. Modification of polymers: Chemical and physical modifications. Modification of polymer’s functional groups. Polymer blends.

Part B: Analysis and Characterization of Polymer

Studies on thermoanalysis (DSC & TGA) and spectroscopic analysis (FTIR & NMR). Surface analytical techniques (ATR, XPS, FESEM etc).


References: 1. Joel R.Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, Prentice Hall International Editions, 3nd ed., 2014. 2. Harry R.A, & Frederick W.L. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd Ed, Prentice Hall, 2003. 3. Malcolm P.Steven., Polymer Chemistry – An Introduction, 3rd Ed. Oxford Univ.Press, 2009. 4.L.R. Stephen, Fundamental principles of polymeric materials, 3rd Ed. John Wiley, 2012.

SIC3030 HETEROCYCLIC AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction and classification of heterocyclic compounds; synthesis and reactions of five- and six-membered rings heteroaromatic compounds with and without ring fusion.

Basic principles of medicinal chemistry; categories of drugs and basis of drug action: drug-receptor model; drug design and development; drug and pro-drug metabolism; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Application of selected important heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry.


References:

1. Patrick, G. L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 6th Ed., Oxford University Press, 2017.

2. Casar, Z., Synthesis of Heterocycles in Contemporary Medicinal, Springer International Publishing, 2016.


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3. Jacobi P. A., Intoductory Heterocyclic Chemistry, Wiley, 1st Ed. 2019.

4. Dunlap, N., Huryn D.M., Medicinal Chemistry, Garland Science, 2018.

SIC3031 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Background of electrochemical cell, type of electrodes, liquid junction potential, concentrations of electrolyte. Basic electrochemistry on electrode reaction, electrode kinetics, Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel anode and cathode equation, overpotential, mass transport and Nernst diffusion layer. Electrochemical double layer, electrode-electrolyte interface, Faradaic and non-Faradaic currents.

Potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry method in diagnostic mechanism (E, EC, CE or ECE reactions), chronoamperometry, coulometry, polarography and stripping voltammetry methods.

Surface confined electrochemical processes and applications in electroanalytical field in sensor. Electrosynthesis in industry focus on the synthesis of inorganic chemicals: aluminium extraction and copper purification; and electrosynthesis of organic compounds (such as phthalide, cyanoacetic acids) through various methods.


References: 1. A.J Bard and L.R Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods

Fundamental and Application, 2nd. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

2. D. Pletcher and F.C. Walsh, Industrial Electrochemistry, Blackie Academic and Profesional, 1993.

3. P. Monk, Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

4. J. Wang, Analytical Electrochemistry, 3rd. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

SIC3032 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction to Environmental Chemistry Atmosphere Characteristics, reaction and reactivities, ozone depletion, Global climate change, Criteria pollutants, photochemical smog, Atmospheric particulates, acid rain, Toxic air pollutants and control. Hydrosphere Characteristic of ocean and freshwater, distribution of chemical species (single variable diagram and pE-pH diagram), dissolved gases, major water quality parameters, water pollution and analysis, water pollutants, water treatment. Lithosphere Soil formation, physical and chemical characteristic of soils, environmental problems and reactions associated with soils, solid waste management. Fate and Transport of pollutants in the environment Introduction to major analytical techniques for environmental analysis, including sample preparation, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Data treatment. Quality control and quality assurance. Introduction to Environmental Management: Sustainable development, Environmental quality act (1974), Environmental management strategies, Environmental impact assessment (EIA).


References: 1. G.W. VanLoon & S.J.Duffy, Environmental Chemistry:

A Global perspective, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2018.

2. S.E. Manahan, Fundamental of Environmental Chemistry, 10th Edition, Lewis Publishers, 2017.

3. J.S. Gaffney, & N.A. Marley, Chemistry of Environmental Systems: Fundamental Principles and Analytical Methods, Wiley, 2020.

SIC3033 NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOSYNTHESIS

Classification of natural products. Biosynthesis of natural products, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans and glycosides. Separation strategies and spectroscopic methods for structural elucidation of natural products. Biochemical constraints and investigation techniques: biosynthetic reagents, enzymes, biochemical assays and application of isotopic labelling (esp. in conjunction with 13C NMR) in the study of biosynthetic processes.


References: 1. Dewick, P. M. Medicinal Natural Products - A

Biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 2. Fattorusso, E.; Taglialatela-Scafati, O. Modern

Alkaloids - Structure, Isolation, Synthesis and Biology. Eds.; Wiley-VCH, 2008.

3. Mann, J. Chemical Aspects of Biosynthesis. Oxford University Press, 1994

4. Mann, J. Secondary Metabolism. 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, 1987.

5. Simpson, J. H. Organic Structure Determination Using 2-D NMR Spectroscopy - A Problem-Based Approach. Academic Press, 2008.

6. Stefan Berger, S.; Sicker, D. Classics in Spectroscopy, Wiley-VCH, 2009.

SIC3034 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Retrosynthetic analysis and design of multistep syntheses. Selectivity in synthesis. Synthesis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Use of organometallic reagents in syntheses. Asymmetric synthesis; selected examples from classical and contemporary syntheses.


References: 1. Warren, S. & Wyatt, P. (2009) Organic Synthesis: The

Disconnection Approach, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

2. Overman, E. L. (2010) Organic Reactions, Volumes 1- 74, Set, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

3. Smith, B. M. & March, J. (2013) March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc

4. Nicolaou, K. C. & Sorensen, J. E. (1996) Classics in Total Synthesis, Wiley-VCH

5. Li, J. J & Corey, E.J (2012) Total Synthesis of Natural Products: At The Frontiers of Organic Chemistry, New York: Springer

6. Zografos, L. A (2016) From Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis: Strategies and Tactics for Natural Products, Wiley.


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SIC3035 Mechanistic Organic Chemistry

Reactive intermediates in organic chemistry including carbocations, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, and radical- ions. Chemistry of free radicals: reactions and mechanisms of free radicals including abstraction, addition, rearrangement, cyclization and fragmentation; applications of radical reactions in organic synthesis; reactions of carbenes, carbenoids, nitrenes, and ion-radicals, and applications in synthesis. Formation, stability, and rearrangements of carbocations; tandem and cascade cyclizations. Mechanistic details of selected classes of organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, hydrolysis, polar rearrangements, electron-transfer reactions, photochemical reactions.

Pericyclic reactions: molecular orbitals; conservation of orbital symmetry in concerted reactions; theory (frontier orbital method, use of correlation diagrams, aromatic transition state approach) and applications of electrocyclic reactions, sigmatropic rearrangements, and cycloadditions, including tandem and cascade processes, in organic synthesis.


References: 1. Richard B. Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, 2014

(reprint), The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry, Academic Press Inc.

2. Ian Fleming, (2009), Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, Wiley.

3. S. Sankararaman, 2005, Pericyclic Reactions - A Textbook: Reactions, Applications and Theory, Wiley- VCH

4. Sunil Kumar, Vinod Kumar, S.P. Singh, (2015), Pericyclic Reactions - A Mechanistic and Problem- Solving Approach, Elsevier.

5. Thomas H. Lowry and Kathleen Schueller Richardson, 1997, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company.

6. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, (2012), Organic Chemistry 2nd ed., Oxford University Press.

SIC3036 PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Application of physical organic concepts in the determination of organic reaction mechanisms; kinetics and thermodynamics; stereochemistry & conformational analysis; solvent effects; non-kinetic and kinetic isotope effects; sonochemistry; organic surface reactions. Approximation, catalysis in molecules: covalent, general acid-base and pseudophase.


References: 1. Micellar catalysis, M. Niyaz Khan,CRC Press, Taylor &

Francis Group, (2006). 2. Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology, William P.

Jencks, McGraw-Hill, New York (1969). 3. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms

and Structure, Jerry March, McGraw-Hill, 4th Ed. (1992).

4. Structural Effects on Equilibria in Organic Chemistry, Jack Hine, Wiley, (1975).

5. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, C. Reichardt, VCH, New York, (1988).

SIC3037 BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Identify the use of metals in biological processes, therapeutic and diagnostic agents; cancer (definition, drugs, mechanism of action); diabetes mellitus (definition, drugs, mechanism of action); preparation of metal complexes for medicinal purpose; structure and activity relationship and other biological applications of metal complexes.


References: 1. E. Housecroft & A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, 5th

Ed, 2018. 2. R. R. Crichton, Biological Inorganic Chemistry: A New

Introduction to Molecular Structure and Function, 3rd Ed, 2018.

3. J. C. Dabrowiak, Metals in Medicine, 2nd Ed, 2017. 4. W. Kaim, B. Schwederski & A. Klein. Bioinorganic

Chemistry - Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life: An Introduction and Guide, 2nd Ed, 2013.

5. Coordination Chemistry Reviews Journal 6. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 7. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

SIC3038 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Development in nuclear chemistry: Nuclei and isotopes, nuclear mass and nuclear stability, nuclear structures and nuclear models, radioactive decay, natural radioactive elements, radiation absorption, latest breakthrough in nuclear chemistry.

Nuclear reactions: fission and fusion, interactions of radiation with matters, effects of radiation on matters, danger of radiation, dosimetry, detection and measurement of radiation, production application of radioisotopes, effects of nuclear to environment.

Application: radioisotopes, nuclear reactor and radiology


References: 1. Loveland, W. D., Morrissey, D. J. and Seaborg, G. T.

Modern Nuclear Chemistry. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2017

2. Attrep, Moses. Radioanalytical Chemistry Experiments [electronic resource] Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010

3. Choppin, G., Rydberg, J. and Lijenzin, J. O. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. 4th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013

SIC3039 MATERIALS CHEMISTRY

Part A: Structure of Materials

Introduction to different categories of materials. Structure of crystalline solids (cubic and hexagonal crystal system). Imperfection in crystalline solids (various types of defects in crystalline structure of solids) and atomic diffusion that occurs in solid material during heat treatment. Phase diagram of binary alloy (eutectic and isomorphous systems). Structure, application and processing of ceramics.


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Part B: Properties of Materials In-depth discussion on various properties of materials. Thermal properties: Heat capacity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermal stresses. Magnetic properties: Concept, diamagnetism and paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, domain and hysteresis, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic storage and superconductivity. Optical properties: Light interactions with solids, atomic and electronic interactions, refraction, reflection, absorption, transmission, colour, opacity and translucency, application of optical phenomena.

Part C: Material Characterization Techniques Introduction to morphological, structural and physical characterisation of materials. Techniques involved include: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy


References: 1. W.F. Smith and J. Hasemi. Foundation of Material

Science and Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 2011. 2. W.D. Callister and D.G. Rethwisch, Material Science

and Engineering: An Introduction, Wiley, 2014. 3. R. Pampuch, An Introduction to Ceramics, Springer,

2014 4. J.M.D. Coey, Magentism and magnetic materials,

Cambridge University Press, 2012. 5. R. Rajinder, Electromagnetic, Mechanical, and

Transport Properties of Composite Materials, CRC Press, 2015.

SIC3040 CHEMOMETRICS

This course provides practical guide to the common chemometric tools that being used to solve data analysis problems. The topics cover is organized in two largely independent parts: Part I – experimental designs from single factor designs to multiple factor designs Part II – pattern recognition techniques include principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis


References: 1. R.G. Brereton. Chemometrics: Data driven extraction

for science, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons: UK, 2018. 2. J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller. Statistics and chemometrics

for analytical Chemistry, 7th ed. Pearson: UK, 2018. 3. D.C. Montgomery. Design and Analysis of Experiment,

9th ed. John Wiley & Sons: US, 2017. 4. M. Otto. Chemometrics: Statistics and Computer

Application in Analytical Chemistry, 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH: Germany 2017.

5. H. Rushing, A. Karl & J. Wisnowski Design and Analysis of Experiments by Douglas Montgomery: A Supplement for Using JMP, SAS Institute: US, 2014.

SIC3041 COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY

Introduction to computers – history, elements in computers, operating system, computers in chemistry, internet. Internet based chemistry – introduction to web technologies useful in chemistry, chemical databases, use of chemical web services.

Introduction to computational chemistry – history and development, techniques, molecular mechanics and molecular simulations as well as application examples.

Overview of modern computational methods for the quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics. Description of molecular electronic structure and simulations. Computational techniques which include Hartree-Fock self- consistent-field (SCF), post Hartree-Fock technique, density functional theory (DFT), semi-empirical, molecular mechanics, Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics with application examples.

Practical laboratory – Basic programming and practical computational chemistry software.


References: 1. Frank Jensen. (2017). Introduction to Computational

Chemistry, Wiley Publisher 2. Errol G Lewars. (2016). Computational Chemistry:

Introduction to the Theory and Applications of Molecular and Quantum Mechanics , Springer.

3. Peter Blado et al. (2012). Molecular Modelling: Computational Chemistry Demystified, RSC Publishing.

4. Hinchliffe, A. (2008). Molecular Modelling for Beginners. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. UK.

5. Young, David C. (2001). Computational Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Applying Techniques to Real World Problems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

SIC3042 COLLOID CHEMISTRY

Introduction to colloidal dispersion and types of colloidal dispersions. Particles in the box and colloid chemistry. Brownian motion, surface charge and colloidal stability. Particle size and fluid deformation. Viscosity, sedimentation and rheology. Definition of surface tension, surface tension measurement. Self-assembly colloids: micelles, vesicles, emulsions and microemulsions. Instrumentations in colloidal chemistry. Colloidal chemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnology.


References: 1. K. L., Mittal, P. Kuma. (Ed.) (2019). Emulsions, Foams,

and Thin Films. Taylor & Francis Ltd. 2. H.A., Roque. (2017). Structure and Functional

Properties of Colloidal Systems, 1st Edition, CRC Press.

3. A., Fernandez-Nieves. (2016). Fluids, Colloids and Soft Materials: An Introduction to Soft Matter Physics. Wiley.

4. K. S., Birdi. (2015). Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry. 4th Edition. CRC Press.

5. J., Alexander. (2015). Colloid Chemistry. Andesite Press

6. A. Fitzgerald (Ed.). (2015). Emulsifiers: Properties, Functions & Application. Nova Science Publishers Inc.


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SIC3043 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND INSTRUMENTATION

Trace Analysis Introduction, techniques and limitations, considerations in implementation of trace analysis

Industrial technologies related to chemical process of adsorption, extraction, purification and distillation.

Type of chemical processes: batch/continuous, steady/ unsteady state, simple/multiple reactions. Process characteristics include yield, selectivity, desired/undesired products.

Sample preparation for inorganic and organic Assessment Weightage:

compounds Continuous assessment: 40% Steps in total analysis, dry, wet and microwave sample Final examination: 60% digestion, selected solid phase extraction and liquid phase

extraction technique.

Spectrometry Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS): atomization techniques such as flame atomization, electrothermal (graphite furnace) atomization, hydride generation technique, glow discharge atomization, cold vapour technique. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES): flame, arc-spark and plasma AES (ICP-AES), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS): principle, instrumentation, excitation sources, advantages, limitations.

Separation Methods Advanced aspects on theory and process of separation in GC and HPLC, van Deemter equation, general resolution equation and HETP, types and selection of stationary phases in GC, capillary GC, reversed phase HPLC, effects of mobile phases in HPLC separations, instrumentation in GC and HPLC, detectors in GC and HPLC, hyphenated techniques: GC-MS and LC-MS. Basic principles of capillary eletrophoresis.

Instrumentation techniques for characterization

Introduction to current characterization techniques and detailed discussion in the instrumental techniques: X-ray diffractometry, Infrared, Raman, UV-vis, and multinuclear magnetic resonance - phosphorus spectroscopy, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility


References 1. G. D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, 7th Edition, John

Wiley & Sons, 2008 2. A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler & S.R. Crouch,

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publ, 2014.

3. Harris, D.C. (2015) Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th Edition

SIC3044 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

Historical overview of chemical industries. Introduction of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in chemical industries.

Challenges on the synthesis of chemicals that are beneficial, profitable and responsible for the safety, health and environment. Research and development from laboratory scale to commercial scale on the production of selected chemicals. Economic aspect, fixed cost, variable cost, revenue, management and patent right. Forecasting the profitability for pioneering industries on the production of selected chemicals through interpretation of break-even chart.

Definition of industrial chemistry covering raw materials: Oil crops, coal, petroleum, natural gas, rubber, wood, metal.

References: 1. A. Jess & P. Wassercheid.: Chemical Technology: An

Integral Textbook. Wiley-VCH: Germany, 2013 2. R.C. Valencia. The Future of the Chemical Industry by

2050. Imperial College Press, 2013 3. A. Heaton. The Chemical Industry.3rd edition.

Springer, 2012

SIC3045 INDUSTRIAL POLYMER CHEMISTRY

Part A: Introduction to Polymer Polymerization processes and mechanism (stepwise & addition polymerization).

Copolymers: Structures and properties of copolymers. Monomer reactivity ratios.

Plastic Crisis: Earth is Choking Discussion about current plastic crisis faced around the globe, including ongoing efforts to address the issue, as well as challenges.

Green polymers: Reducing impact to the environment

Part B: Polymers and Industries Discussion on the application of polymers in two different industries:

(i) Latex and Rubber Industry

Introduction to types of lattices and compositions, as well as SMR grades and vulcanization. Properties of rubber and latex: Theory and measurement Applications and recent developments

(ii) Miscellaneous Industry (based on relevance and importance). Introduction to the types of polymers involved in the industry. Properties of the polymers involved and related tests and characterizations techniques.


References: 1. Young, R. J. and Lovell, P. A. (2011), Introduction to

Polymers, 3rd Ed. Taylor & Francis Group. 2. Koltzenburg, S., Maskos, M. and Nuyken, O. (2017)

Polymer Chemistry, Springer. 3. Rodriguez, F., Cohen, C., Ober, C.K. and Archer, L.

(2015) Principles of Polymer System, 6th Ed, CRC Press.

4. Gijsbertus. d.W. (2018) Polymer Coatings: A Guide to Chemistry, Characterization, and Selected Applications, Wiley-VCH

5. Kohjiya, S. and Ikeda, Y. (2014) Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, Elsevier.


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SIC3046 OLEOCHEMISTRY

Overview of the oleochemical industry, research & development. Introduction to oleochemical industry in Malaysia and global.

Raw material of oleochemical industry. Synthesis and formation of basic oleochemicals (building blocks) from chemical and enzymatic industrial processes.

Synthesis, production and use of oleochemical derivatives as surfactants, oil-based emulsions and nanoemulsions, biodiesel, biolubricant, coatings and paint, adhesives.

Cosmetic, pharmaceutical, personal care and makeup formulations.


References: 1. F. D. Gunstone, H. RichardJohn Oleochemical

Manufacture and Applications, CRC Press, 2001. 2. M Surhone, T. T. Mariam, F. H. Susan, Oleochemical,

Lambert Betascript Publishing, 2011. 3. G. Güngör, Chemistry, Materials, and Properties of

Surface Coatings: Traditional and Evolving Technologies, DEStech Publications, Inc, 2015.

4. U. Moghis Ahmad, Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications, Elsevier Science, 2017.

SIC3047 PETROCHEMISTRY

Overview of petroleum refining and petrochemistry industry. Crude oil refinery operations and respective feedstocks and products involved: crude oil distillation, catalytic reforming and isomerisation, catalytic cracking, coking and hydrotreating.

Natural gas products (hydrogen, synthesis gas and ammonia) and its production including steam methane reforming, water gas shift, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming and pressure swing absorption.

C1 products (formic acid and its derivatives, hydrogen cyanide, chloromethane) formation. C2 products (ethylene and vinyl chloride) and its production. C3 products (propylene, isopropylene and acrylic acid) and its production. C4 products (butylene and MTBE) and its production. Aromatic products (benzene, toluene and xylene) and its production.

Conversion of benzene into ethylbenzene; styrene; cumene; phenol; acetone; bisphenol A; polycarbonate; aniline and nitrobenzene. Conversion of toluene into toluene diisocyanate; methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; polyurethane. Conversion of xylene into phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate.

Selected petrochemicals production mechanism as such are discussed: propylene oxide (Dow Process); cyclohexane oxidation to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol; cumene oxidation to phenol and acetone; acetaldehyde oxidation to acetic acid and acetic anhydride.


References: 1. J G. Speight. (2014). The Chemistry and Technology of

Petroleum 5th Edition. CRC Press. 2. M. André, Z. Samaras. (2016). Energy and

Environment. Wiley Online Library. 3. Energy & Fuels, American Chemical Society (ACS

Publications) (Tahun Semasa) 4. M. J. Kaiser, A. de Klerk, J. H. Gary, G. E. Handwerk.

(2019). Petroleum Refining: Technology, Economics and Markets 6th Edition. CRC Press.

SIC3048 PROCESS CHEMISTRY

Material balances (flowsheet, general balance equation, material balance techniques, multiple unit balances, chemical reactions).

Energy balances (energy balance equations, estimation of enthalpy changes, reactive systems, energy balance equations).

Fluid Flow (types of fluids, flow regimes, balance equations).

Heat Transfer (mechanism, shell and tube heat exchanger).

Process Control (objectives, control loop, measuring devices, controllers, final control element, computer control).

Software systems to design, analyse and troubleshoot flow system.


References: 1. A. Hougen, K. M. Watson and R. A. Ragatz (2004).

Chemical Process Principles: Part 1. CBS Publishers & Distributors.

2. R. M. Felder and R. W. Rousseau (2009). Elementary rincip.les of Chemical Processes. Wiley.

SIC3049 FOOD CHEMISTRY

Introduction to food chemistry. Role of water in food. Important components in food: carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, proteins; chemical transformations of food during storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. Food metabolism.


References: 1. deMan, J. M., Finley, J., Hurst, W. J., Lee, C., Principles

of Food Chemistry, 4th Ed., Springer International Publishing, 2018.

2. Damodaran, S., Parkin, K., Fennema's Food Chemistry, 5th Ed., Apple Academic Press Inc., 2017.

3. Provost, J. J., Colabroy, K. L., Kelly, B.S., Wallert, M.A., The Science of Cooking: Understanding Chemistry Behind Food and Cooking, Wiley, 2016.

4. Wong, D. W. S., Mechanism and Theory in Food Chemistry, Second Edition, Springer International Publishing, 2018.


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SIC3050 NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Introduction of the important roles and classes of natural products. Extraction and separation methods for natural products.

Application of spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) for structural elucidation of natural products. Bio-catalytic processes: Enzymes & enzymatic reactions (kinetics, substrate selectivity, activity, isolation & purification); Application of enzymes, fermentation and cell cultures in chemistry.


References: 1. Talapatra, S. K., Talapatra, B., Chemistry of Plant

Natural Products, 1st Ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015.

2. Schwab, W., Lange, B. M., Wust, M., Biotechnology of Natural Products, 1st Ed., Springer International Publishing, 2018.

3. Faber, K. Biotransformation in Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-61590-5

SIC3051 APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Three electrode electrochemical cell: Working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode, I-V plot. Electrode kinetics (Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel equation). Electrochemical double layer, electrode-electrolyte interface, Faradaic and non-Faradaic currents. Mass transport in electrochemistry: Diffusion, ionic migration, convection. The Nernst diffusion layer. Electroanalytical techniques 1: Voltammetry. Electroanalytical techniques 2: Chrono and pulse methods: Differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry.

Electroplating: Describe, define and contrast different types of deposition techniques. Identify and describe advantages and disadvantages of electroplating.

Battery and fuel cells: Describe fundamentals and analyze components of a battery, charge and discharge of battery, types of battery, types of fuel cells. Compare and contrast different types of batteries and fuel cells.

Corrosion: Describe “corrosion cell”. Describe, define and compare different of types of corrosion in industry. Describe, explain and define types of corrosion protection.

Electrochemical sensors: Describe, define and compare potentiometric and amperometric sensors, identify factors for a good electrochemical sensor, describe examples of electrochemical sensors.


References: 1. D. Pletcher and F.C. Walsh, Industrial

Electrochemistry, Blackie Academic and Profesional, 1993.

2. P. Monk, Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

3. J. Wang, Analytical Electrochemistry, 2nd. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

SIC3052 CATALYSIS

Principles of catalysis, Importance and implication of catalysts in a reaction.

Introduction of reactors used in catalytic reaction: batch, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactors.

Homogeneous catalysis: Metal complex and non-metal catalyst in liquid phase, related industrial processes.

Biocatalysts: Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic biocatalyst, related industrial processes.

Heterogeneous catalyst: Catalytic function and structure, catalyst design, catalysis synthetic methods. Catalyst performance and causes for the deactivation, mass transfer, related industrial processes.


References: 1. U. Henefeld & L. Lefferts. Catalysis: An integrated

Textbook for Students. Wiley-VCH: Germany, 2018 2. J.D. Burrington. Industrial Catalysis: Chemistry and

Mechanism. Imperial College Press, 2016 3. Gadi Rothenberg. Catalysis: Concepts and Green

Applications. Wiley-VCH: Germany,2008

SIC3053 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN CHEMICAL LABORATORY

Introduction to Principles of Quality Assurance (QA) & Quality Control (QC), Quality System and ISO17025 Accreditation, The Principles Of Valid Analytical Measurement, Calibration, Measurement Uncertainty & Traceability, Method Validation, Certified Reference Material (CRM), Control Charts, Competency Test, Interlaboratory Studies.


References: 1. B.W. Wenclawiak, M. Koch & E. Hadjicostas. Quality

Assurance in Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Springer: Germany, 2010

2. D. B. Hibbert, Quality Assurance for Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University Press: New York, 2007

3. W. Funk, V. Dammann & G. Donnevert, Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Germany, 2007

SIC3054 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

Introduction to major analytical techniques for environmental analysis, including sample preparation, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Data treatment. Quality control and quality assurance.

Soil, water and air pollution Introduction to material cycle into terrestrial, hydrosphere and atmosphere, and the impact of anthropogenic activities and natural process to soil, water and air.

Environmental analysis


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Consists of field work and sampling, as well as analytical instrumentation in the laboratory for real-time environmental pollution measurement.

Toxicology, environmental modelling and risk analysis Assessment of pollution pathway and its mitigation measures through basic statistics, data management, and modelling.

Remediation and waste management technology Introduction to remediation and waste management technology on contaminated soil, water and air.

Environmental management and policy Embodies environmental impact assessment, and environmental management systems that comply with the guidelines set by Environmental Quality Act 1974, and associated regulations.

Assessment Weightage: Practical: 50% Final examination: 50%

References: 1. R.M. Harrison (Ed.), Pollution, Cause and Control, 3rd

Edn., RSC, 1996. 2. R.N. Reeve, Environmental Analysis, ACOL, John

Wiley, 1999. 3. Seinfeld, John H., and Spyros N. Pandis. Atmospheric

chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

4. Murphy, B.L. and Morrison, R.D. eds., 2014. Introduction to environmental forensics. Academic Press.

SIC3055 LIQUID CRYSTALS

Part A: Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Mesogens and their polymorphism. Phase characterization. Quantitative description of molecular order and elastic properties of liquid crystals. Effects of magnetic field, electric field and surface forces on liquid crystals. Applications of thermotropic liquid crystals in display devices.

Part B: Lyotropic Liquid Crystals General molecular characteristics of lyotropic mesogens, driving forces for the phase formation and characterization of self-assemblies. Biological significance and applications.

Liquid Crystal Polymers Liquid crystal main-chain and liquid crystal side-chain polymers. Technical applications of liquid crystal polymers.


References: 1. P.J. Collings & M. Hird, Introduction to Liquid Crystals -

Chemistry and Physics, Taylor and Francis, 2017 (eBook)

2. D. Andrienko. Introduction to liquid crystals.Journal of Molecular Liquids,Volume 267, 2018, Pages 520-543.

3. W. Emsley & J.C. Lindon, NMR Spectroscopy using Liquid Crystal Solvents, Pergamon Press, 1975. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/97800801 99191)

department of chemistry faculty of science …

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