Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAn Overview

Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied ScienceBinghamton University, State University of New York

Binghamton, NY 13902

May 2012

Department Research Areas

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Controls & Laser CommV. Nikulin

V. Skormin E. Wu

Controls & Laser CommV. Nikulin

V. Skormin E. Wu

DSP & CommM. Fowler

E. LiS. Zahorian

DSP & CommM. Fowler

E. LiS. Zahorian

Info SecurityY. Chen S. Craver

J. Fridrich V. SkorminD. Summerville

Info SecurityY. Chen S. Craver

J. Fridrich V. SkorminD. Summerville

Computer DesignY. Chen

Z. Jin A. CarpenterD. Summerville

Computer DesignY. Chen

Z. Jin A. CarpenterD. Summerville

VLSI, Micro- & Opto-Electronics

S. Choi D. Klotzkin A. Rastogi C. Twigg

VLSI, Micro- & Opto-Electronics

S. Choi D. Klotzkin A. Rastogi C. Twigg

Next

Aaron Carpenter

• Computer architecture & VLSI design Explore impact of new/emerging technologies on

microprocessor design Focus on the development of efficient chip-multiprocessors Design and evaluate on-chip network topologies

3

Sustainable Harvesting and Treatment Energy Reduction in Waste Water Treatment Plants

Efficient energy harvesting from wastewater treatment process Adaptive power conditioning circuitry using Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA)

devices Self-powered Wireless Sensor Network for real-time, un-interrupted monitoring for

waterwater treatment plants to reduce energy consumption

Yu Chen, Christopher Twigg, Omowunmi Sadik

User Centric Attestation and Trust (U-CAT) in Android Mobile Cloud Computing Environment

A collaborative research conducted with Air Force Research Lab and faculties from 7 other universities, Yu Chen is the PI of this project.

U-CAT aims at deeper understanding of human roles in mobile Cloud security operations Research focus on Android Cloud platform and user-centric Android security applications for

secure communication, user/device trust, data transmission and storage, sensitive information management services in heterogeneous cloud environments

Point-of-care Biochips Biofuel CellsBioMEMS/Microfluidics

The Choi group is interested in doing research at the inter-face of engineering and biology. We engineer BioMEMS and microfluidics to develop cutting-edge technologies for chemical/biological analysis and energy harvesting. Cur-rently, we are focusing primarily on development of MEMS-based cancer biosensors and microbial fuel cells.

[ G. Sulfurreducens generating current ]

BioMEMS & Bioelectronics Lab. Assistant Professor Seokheun (Sean) Choi

Experimental Descrambler--Craver

Fowler - Inference Centric Data CompressionNetworked Sensors Collect Large Quantity of DataEfficiently Share to Make Inferences (Estimations & Decisions)Novel Approach: Balance Conflicts between Multiple InferencesMany Application Areas:

Networked Drones (Locate Radiating Targets – cell phones, radars, etc.) Sensor Networks: Strewn on Battlefield, Smart Buildings, Etc. Sensors in “Smart Grid” Power Distribution System

Compression Ratio

Estim

ation

Err

or5x

5x

Our Method

Std. Method

Fowler – RF Location in Difficult EnvironmentsTraditional Methods Can’t Cope with Challenging PropagationUsing New Theory of Sparsity to Develop New Methods

Indoor Localization… for Assistive Healthcare Indoor Localization… of Mobile Phones Localization of Medical RF Implants

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy to visualize and diagnose the human GI tract Real-Time Tumor Tracking for Accurate Radiation Therapy

“Motorola, Nokia and RIM to battle Google over indoor

location market,” Forbes , 22 December 2011

Severe Multipath Scenario

Loca

tion

Erro

r (cm

)

SNR (dB)

Classical Method

New Non-Sparse

Our SparseMethod

Path-Dependent Prop. Speed

Digital forensics-Fridrich

• Can we tell if a digital image (or video) was taken by a specific camera?• Can we identify the brand?• Is it possible to reveal digitally manipulated images?• Can we tell when a picture was taken?

Sensor fingerprint• BU researchers pioneered a revolutionary

method to answer these questions.• Sensors are not perfect – not all pixels are

created equal.• Pixel defects form pattern noise that is unique to

each sensor – camera fingerprint• FBI forensic analysts use this technology in

court

CCDsensor

Detail of sensorfingerprint (enhancedfor visualization)

Zhanpeng Jin — Cyber-Med Laboratory

Current Research Projects Trustworthy and Intelligent Medical Monitoring and Diagnostic

Platform Assured Telemedicine in a Cloud Environment Self-Healing and Self-Optimizing Neuromorphic Chips Smart Indoor Location Positioning for Assistive Healthcare Fast and Precise Localization of In-body Medical Implants

Future Broad Research Vision Medical Cyber Physical Systems Reliability, security, and safety of medical systems Energy-efficient, flexible, and cost-effective devices for quality

healthcare and well-being

Klotzkin Research Areas

Applied Optoelectronics, including Semiconductor lasers Fluorescence detection Improved LED lighting

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Quantum dot laser characteristics

Polarization-filtered fluorescence system AR Coating for LED lighting

Xiaohua (Edward) LiAssociate Professor Research Interests & Current ProjectsEcological wireless communication networks

Project: Coexistence of heterogeneous cognitive radio networks -- Funded by NSF

Use population dynamic models and evolutionary game theory models (from theoretical ecology area) to study coexistence of primary & secondary users, legacy & new strategies, and spectrum access policies

Future extension to Cognition and intelligence Smart grid, complex networks

Wireless information assurance from physical layer security Project: Anti-jamming cognitive radio networks – was

supported by AFRL (summer visiting & SBIR) Study the anti-jamming capability and design of cognitive

radio networks which are thought to be extremely susceptible to jamming attacks

Future extension to Hardware (DSP/FPGA)

Cognitive Radio Network and Attackers

InsiderAttacker

OutsiderAttacker

Outsider Attacks:Jamming, etc

Insider Attacks:Jamming,

Intrusion, etc

Situational-aware CRN

Mitigate threats

CRN with RF-Enhanced Security

Signal processing in communications Project: Distributed OFDM transmissions without carrier-

frequency and timing synchronization -- working jointly with some AFRL people Develop algorithms that can mitigate carrier frequency and timing

synchronization errors, which are ritically needed in cooperative transmission, relay, virtual MIMO system, network coding, etc

Project: Wireless network coding Project: Fundamental capacity and performance of multi-

hop wireless networking

Free-space optical/quantum communication--Nikulin

Objective: Analyze propagation of quantum-encrypted signals in random media, such as turbulent atmosphere.

Key Ideas: Analysis of beam propagation is combined with quantum decryption approaches.

Challenges: Turbulent atmosphere creates spatial and temporal fields of the refractive index, resulting in chaotic perturbations to the optical phase fronts and affects detection capabilities of the systems with phase-based encryption

Instantaneous wave front realization

Alpha-Eta KCQ system is adopted for analysis and coherent measurements

Holographic Solar Concentrators--Nikulin

Key Ideas: The flexible glass based substrate will support photovoltaic (PV) modules and selectively harvest infrared and ultraviolet radiation, simultaneously reducing PV operating temperatures and converting the undesirable heat generating photons into useful electrical energy in a specially designed TEC structure.

Solar energy scavenging system Low cost holographic gratings patterned on the flexible glass, can be used to perform spectral filtering of the sunlight. The substrate will serve as planar waveguide and concentrator to remove heat generating UV and IR photons from the module and building.

A multi-spectral holographic converter can be utilized as the upper layer for a traditional silicon PV panel or UV/IR blocking layer on a window pane. Heat-generating photons can be concentrated onto integrated thin film thermoelectric modules to scavenge additional energy

Low cost, thin film solar cells on flexible substrates using nano-technologies and earth abundant non-toxic materials

Roll-to-roll process abilities using non vacuum & mostly green process techniques

Solid state supercapacitors for energy storage integrated with integrated with solar cells for autonomous solar power

Research By ECE Faculty at CASP

substrate

Primary electrode-2

PatternedPrimary electrdoe-1

PrintedCoatedelectrolyte

Packaging

substrate

Primary electrode-2

PatternedPrimary electrdoe-1

PrintedCoatedelectrolyte

Packaging

light

TCO Electrode

TiO2

CdTe

Flexible polymer

contactCu2S

light

TCO Electrode

TiO2

CdTe

Flexible polymer

contactCu2S

light

TCO Electrode

TiO2

CdTe

Flexible polymer

contactCu2S

Flexible and nano-solar cells

Earth abundant material solar cells

Flexible and integrated supercapacitors

Defining a New Paradigm in Solar Energy Storage and Delivery forin the Context of Emerging New Applications of Solar PV Systems

Supercapacitor Energy Storage Research

• Development of multifunctional nano-architectures with

polymeric & engineered materials for supercapacitors • Build a sizable capacity to meet peak electricity demand that cannot be met by solar modules alone

POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER

POLYMER

AUTO-POLYMER IIIPOLYMER POLYMER X

package

• Development of supercapacitor arrays integrated with large area thin film flexible solar module

• Development of Integration system electronics

Areas of Research

PET FoilPET Foil

Cr-Cu 100nm filmCr-Cu 100nm film

Graphite CoatGraphite Coat

Ppy+MnO2 electrodePpy+MnO2 electrode

Polymer electrtolytePolymer electrtolyte

PET FoilPET Foil

Cr-Cu 100nm filmCr-Cu 100nm film

Graphite CoatGraphite Coat

Ppy+MnO2 electrodePpy+MnO2 electrode

Polymer electrtolytePolymer electrtolyte

PET FoilPET Foil

Cr-Cu 100nm filmCr-Cu 100nm film

Graphite CoatGraphite Coat

Ppy+MnO2 electrodePpy+MnO2 electrode

Polymer electrtolytePolymer electrtolyte

Flexible supercapacitors

Integrated architecture

Power Industry (Conventional and Nuclear Power Plants, Power Grid) is highly vulnerable to a novel, emerging types of information attacks: TARGETED ATTACKS

Development of Computer Network Defenses for Power Industry is an increasingly important research direction

INTERNET

Central Computer

Control Electronics

(SCADA, PLC)

Servomechanisms

Infection

Propagation

Activatio

n

Distorted control signals

Destructive Actions

Infection

EXISTING RESEARCH IN THIS AREA: V. SKORMIN - CURRENT PROJECT“SEMANTIC APPROACH TO BEHAVIOR-BASED IDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS”$2.3M (2012 – 2015, AFOSR)

Problem: Malicious hardware can be hidden inside of a circuit via selective optimization, allowing production of covert Trojans that are highly resistant to detection.

Objective: Research methods for the detection of malicious optimizations, and thus covert Trojans.

Covert Hardware: Detection of covert modifications to digital circuits--Summerville

Approach: Mathematically model the methods applied by a well-intentioned optimization algorithm. Develop criteria by which malicious optimizations can be identified.

Outcome:

Mathematically-proven methodology for the reliable, automated identification of covert hardware in an optimized circuit.

Large-Scale Reconfigurable and Programmable Analog / Mixed-Signal--Twigg

+

-

Enables rapid development of analog / mixed-signal circuits and system, instead of months/years.

Significant power savings areachievable using analog!

Long term research Fault tolerant control systems Most recent focus: cost-effective solutions to preventing and mitigating

blackouts in the electric power grid Challenges

Growing stress in the North American transmission system Uncertainties due to the penetration of intermittent energy sources

Opportunities (unique to my eyes) Gradual entry of fast control devices (FACTS) and high sample rate

measurement devices (PMUs) Flexible grid-connection modes of micro-grids

My approach to answering the challenges: Devise the most cost-effective and reliable real-time control strategies that

exploit the above opportunities to prevent and mitigate major blackouts Progress reported in recent publications

Criteria and solutions to placement of new PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) into the grid

Development of real-time control strategies to tolerate disturbances due to transmission line faults using SVCs (Static VAR Compensators)

Research Interests – Eva Wu

Automatic Speech RecognitionResearch by Stephen

Zahorian

Time (Sec)

Fre

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Hz)

Original Spectrogram

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ASR*Funded Projects:

• Detailed phonetic labeling• Tonal language recognition

Speech waveform

Spectrogram

Basis vectors

Rebuilt Spectrogram

1

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ECE Labs

Research Labs (E&S) (Shared Labs) Media Core Survivable Computing Core Network Security Core System Sciences Physical Electronics

Instructional Labs Computer Engineering Lab in Engineering Building Electronics Lab in Library, Ground Floor

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Research Summary 2010-2011

6 books/ book chapters 14 refereed journal articles 49 national/international conference publications 1.9 million in externally-funded research expenditures 1.8 million in new research awards 9 patents, $127k patent revenue since 2000

Some Research Applications

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Information/network/hardware security

Energy and Power

RoboticsHealthcare

Recent/Ongoing Activities in Information and Cyber Security

I3P application—Craver/Gopalan—submitted, Apr 23, 2012LOI for Masters in Cyber Security—Craver/Gopalan—just

submitted to Nancy StampNSF proposal to aid cyber security education– PI, Chen,

submitted, Apr, 2012NSA certification—Skormin/Gopalan—In progressAFRL effort—Combining nano and cyber--Skormin--In

progress

Activities in Power/Energy

Roger Westgat--part-time ECE faculty member, director of CASP.

Alok Rastogi--thin film solar cells and integration of solar cells with ultra-capacitors

David Klotzk--anti-reflective coatings to improve operation of solar cells and LED lights

Eva Wu--adapting controls work to apply to smart grid control strategies

Victor Skormin--power grid securityVlad Nikulin--modern electric drives

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Activities in Health Care

Two recent faculty additions in this area Zhanpeng Jin--cyber-med, medical monitoring Soekheun Choi--bio-mems, bio-electronics

Signal processing related Mark Fowler--DSP for “localization” for healthcare

applications Stephen Zahorian--speech signal processing for computer

aided speech training

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