department of electronics and communication engineering

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

B.Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

COURSE STRUCTURE (Applicable for 2012-13 admitted batch)

Branch: ECE No of sections-3 B.Tech 3rd Semester

Code Subject Lecture Tutorial Practical Credits

MATH 1403 Complex analysis 3 1 - 4

EEE 2412 Network Analysis 3 1 - 4

ECE 2401 Electronic Devices and Circuits

3 1 - 4

ECE 2402 Probability theory and stochastic Processes

3 1 - 4

ECE 2403 Signals & Systems 3 1 - 4

ECE 2204 Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab

- 3 2

EEE 2215 Networks & Simulation lab - 3 2

Total 15 05 06 24

B.Tech 4th Semester No of sections-3

Code Subject Lecture Tutorial Practical Credits

ECE 2405 Analog Communications 3 1 - 4

ECE 2406 Digital logic design 3 1 - 4

ECE 2407 Electromagnetic waves and Transmission lines

3 1 - 4

ECE 2408 Electronic Circuit Analysis 3 1 - 4

ECE 2409 Pulse and Digital Circuits 3 1 - 4

ECE 2210 Analog communications lab - - 3 2

ECE 2211 Electronic Circuits simulation Lab

- - 3 2

Total 15 05 06 24

• ECE 2412 Analog & Digital circuits (offered to 3rd semester PE)

• ECE 2413 Digital electronics & Microprocessors (offered to 4th semester EEE)


B.Tech- 3rd Semester

SYLLABUS

(Applicable for 2012-13 admitted batch)

Course Title: Complex Analysis Course Code: MATH 2403

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Course objectives:

This course enables the students to

1. Learn to solve linear system of equations

2. Understand the Differentiation and Integration with reference to complex variables.

3. Perform a comparative study regarding the Elementary Complex functions and Real functions.

4. Evaluate definite integrals involving complex variables in a simpler means by applying the integral

theorem of complex variables, power series expansions and residue theory.

5. Understand the conformal mappings and their importance in engineering domain.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course, students are able to:

1. Apply Knowledge of Linear equations by different methods in image processing problems using

matrices

2. Perform complex differentiation and integration.

3. Compare the real and complex functions and apply the techniques in complex function problems.

4. Evaluate definite integrals by the application of theory of complex variables, power series and residue

theorem.

5. Find the images of the objects using the standard transformations which can be applied in

applications like potential theory.

UNIT – I (15 hours)

Linear systems of equations: Rank-Echelon form, Normal form – Solution of Linear Systems by Rank, Gauss-Jordan and Gauss elimination methods – Eigen values - Eigen vectors – Properties (statements) – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem (without proof) - Inverse and powers of a matrix by using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

UNIT-II (15 hours)

Functions of a complex variable – Continuity – Differentiability – Analyticity – Properties – Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates (without proof).Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions – Milne – Thompson method.

Elementary functions: Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic functions and their properties – General power

Z C (c is complex), principal value.

Complex integration: Line integral – evaluation along a path and by indefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula – Generalized integral formula.

Complex power series: Radius of convergence – Expansion in Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent series.

UNIT-III (15 hours)

Singular point –Isolated singular point – pole of order m – essential singularity.

Residue – Evaluation of residues - Laurent series - Residue theorem.

Evaluation of integrals of the type

(a) Improper real integrals ∫∞

∞−dxxf )( (b) ∫

+ πθθθ

2)sin,(cos

c

cdf

(c) ∫∞

∞−dxxfe imx )( (d) Integrals by identation.

UNIT-IV (15 hours)

Argument principle – Rouche’s theorem – determination of number of zeros of complex polynomials - Maximum Modulus principle - Fundamental theorem of Algebra, Liouville’s Theorem. (Theorems without proofs)

Conformal mapping: Transformation by ze , lnz, z2, zn (n positive integer), Sin z, cos z, z + a/z. Translation, rotation, inversion and bilinear transformation – fixed point – cross ratio – properties – invariance of circles and cross ratio – determination of bilinear transformation mapping 3 given points .

Text books

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – 42nd Edition by Dr. B. S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

2. Engineering Mathematics, B.V.Ramana, Tata Mc Graw Hill

Reference Books

1. Engineering Mathematics Volume-III, T.K.V Iyengar, & others, S.Chand Co. New Delhi. 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, ShahnazBathul, Prentice Hall of India.



SYLLABUS


Course Title: NETWORK ANALYSIS Course Code: EEE 2412

L T P C 3 1 0 4 COURSE OBJECTIVES:

This course enables the students to

1. Develop the basic concepts of network analysis, which is the pre-requisite for all the electronics and communication engineering subjects.

2. Solve different complex circuits using various network reduction techniques such as Source transformation, Network theorems etc.

3. Synthesize the transmission line parameters using two-port networks. 4. Evaluate AC and DC transients for complex electrical systems.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

After the completion of the course, students are able to

1. Investigate the methods to improve power factor in power system networks. 2. Design resonant circuits which are used in wireless transmission and communication networks. 3. Understand network theorems to simplify the complex networks. 4. Understand transient analysis in electrical circuits and to analyze the system stability. 5. Evaluate the parameters of two port networks to analyze the performance of transmission lines. 6. Understand basic filters which are used in communication systems.

UNIT – I: SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE ANALYSIS (16 hours) Concept of Phasor and J notation, Impedance and Admittance – Time domain and frequency domain Response of R, L, C series, parallel and series- parallel circuits to sinusoidal excitation. Computation of active, reactive, complex power and power factor , Series and parallel resonance of RLC circuits – selectivity, bandwidth and quality factor- implicational with voltage and current excitation. UNIT – II: NETWORK THEOREMS (12 hours) Source transformation, Superposition, Thevinin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer, Reciprocity, Tellegen’s, Millman’s and Compensation theorems for d.c and a.c excitations.

UNIT-III: TRANSIENT ANALYSIS (16 hours) D.C TRANSIENTS: Transient response of R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits for d.c excitation – initial conditions – solution using differential equations and Laplace transform approaches. A.C TRANSIENTS: Transient response of R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits for sinusoidal excitation – initial conditions – Solution using Laplace transform approach only. UNIT-IV: NETWORK PARAMETERS & FILTERS (16 hours )

NETWORK PARAMETERS: Two port network, Impedance parameters, Admittance parameters, Transmission parameters, hybrid parameters – Inter relationship between parameters – Concept of transformed network – two port network parameters using transformed variables – Interconnection of two port networks. FILTERS : Characteristic impedance of symmetrical networks, properties of symmetrical networks, Filter fundamentals, pass and stop bands, characteristic impedance, constant K- low pass filter, constant K-high ass filter, Band pass filter, Band Elimination Filter, Basic concepts of Attenuator and Equalizers.

Text Books: 01. Engineering circuit analysis –by W.H.Hayt, J.E.Kimmerly, and S.M.Durbin Mc Graw Hill

Education private limited, 7th Edition. 02. Network Analysis by M.E Van Valkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition.

Reference Books:

01. Fundamentals of Electric circuits by Charles K Alexander, Mathew N.O Sadiku Tata Mc Graw Hill. 02. Electrical Circuit Analysis by A Sudhakar and SP Shyam Mohan, TMH.



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS Course Code: ECE 2401 L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course objectives: Students undergoing this course are expected to:

1. Know the formation and properties of semiconductor materials 2. Understand the operation of diode 3. Know the need for biasing of transistor 4. Know the working of FET and MOSFET 5. Understand various types of rectifiers 6. Understand the importance of regulators

Course Outcomes: After undergoing the course, students will be able to

1. Apply how the properties of semiconductor materials are used for the formation of PN diode, zener diode etc

2. Apply the diode for various applications like rectifier, switch, clippers 3. Design the various transistor biasing circuits and its usage in applications like amplifiers 4. Distinguish the constructional features and operation of FET and MOSFET and their applications 5. design half wave and Full wave rectifiers for the given specifications 6. design regulated power supply.

SYLLABUS: UNIT-I (16 hours) SEMICONDUCTORS - DIODES: Review of semiconductor Physics- mobility, conductivity– n and p –type semiconductors, Mass Action Law, Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Effect of temperature on Fermi level. Formation of PN junction, open-circuited p-n junction, Energy band diagram of PN diode, PN diode (forward bias and reverse bias), Volt-ampere characteristics of p-n diode, Temperature dependence on VI characteristics, Transition and Diffusion capacitances, Breakdown Mechanisms in Semiconductors (Avalanche and Zener breakdown) Diodes, Zener diode characteristics. UNIT- II . (14 hours) BJT –BIASING: Junction transistor, Transistor current components, Transistor as an amplifier, Relation between Alpha and Beta, Input and Output characteristics of Common Base and Common Emitter configurations. BJT biasing, criteria for fixing operating point, Fixed bias, Collector to base bias, Self bias techniques for stabilization, Stabilization factors, (S, S', S'’), Compensation techniques, (Compensation against variation in VBE, Ico) Thermal run away, Thermal stability UNIT-III ( 15 hours) FET - SPECIAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: JFET characteristics (Qualitative and Quantitative discussion), FET biasing, MOSFET characteristics (Enhancement and depletion mode), FET as VVR. Characteristics of Tunnel Diode with the help of energy band diagrams, Varactor Diode, LED, photo diode, UJT characteristics, SCR characteristics. UNIT- IV ( 15 hours) REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES: Half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier, Harmonic components in a rectifier circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- section filter, π - section filter, Multiple L section and Multiple π section filter, and comparison of various filter circuits in terms of ripple factors Basic Regulator Circuit, Series voltage regulator, Shunt regulator, Short circuit protection, Current Limiting, Specifications of Voltage Regulator Circuits. Design of regulator using zener diode and Transistors.

Text Books:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – J.Millman, C.C.Halkias, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed., 1991.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,

9th Edition, 2006.

3. Electronic Devices and Circuits – T.F. Bogart Jr., J.S.Beasley and G.Rico, Pearson Education, 6th edition,

2004.

Reference Books:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits, B. Visvesvara Rao, K. Bhaskara Rama Murty, K. Raja Rajeswari, P.Chalam Raju Pantulu, 2/e Pearson Education, 2007. 2. Principles of Electronic Circuits – S.G.Burns and P.R.Bond, Galgotia Publications, 2nd Edn., 1998. 3. Microelectronics – Millman and Grabel, Tata McGraw Hill, 1988. 4. Electronic Devices and Circuits, P. John Paul, New Age International publishers, 2007. 5. Electronic Devices and Circuits, A.Salivahanan, N.Suresh Kumar, A.Vallavaraj, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, Second edition,2008



SYLLABUS


Course Title: PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PRO CESSES Course Code: ECE 2402

L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course objectives : Students undergoing this course are expected to:

1. Solve problems related to conditional and joint probability 2. Solve problems on mean , variance and standard deviations of random signals 3. Solve problems on Different density functions and cumulative distribution functions 4. Understand different noise sources for noise estimation 5. Plot and study power spectral density and system response

Course outcomes : After undergoing the course, students will be able to

1. Solve problems on conditional , joint probability, density functions and cumulative density functions which is useful in information theory and coding and probability of error estimations in digital communication systems

2. calculate mean and variance of the random signal using probability density function and MGF which are useful in statistical signal processing, Bio medical processing etc

3. Find the relationship between power density spectrum and auto correlation in Radar signal processing tracking and target detection

4. Understand the different noise sources for noise estimation in noisy signals in signal processing and communications

UNIT- I (14 hours)

Probability theory and Random variable:

Probability theory: Probability Definitions and Axioms, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem and Independent Events.

Random variable : Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Methods of defining Conditioning Event, Conditional Density, Properties.

UNIT-II (16 hours)

Operation on one Random Variable and Multiple Random Variables

Operation on one Random Variable : Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic Transformations of Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.

Multiple Random Variables: Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density, Sum of Two Random Variables.

UNIT- III (16 hours)

Operations on Multiple Random Variables and Random Processes – Temporal Characteristics

Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

Random Processes – Temporal Characteristics :The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of Stationary and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense Stationary, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationary, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes.

UNIT IV (14 hours)

Random processes – Spectral Characteristics and Linear Systems with Random Inputs

The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.

Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response,Modeling of Noise Sources: Resistive (Thermal) Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th Edition, 2001. 2. Probability and Stochastic Processes-Roy D.Yates,David J.Goodman –Wiley, 2nd Edition

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and S.Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002. 2. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark and John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition. 3. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem, Oxford, 3rd Edition, 1999.

4. Statistical Theory of Communication - S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications,



SYLLABUS


Course Title: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Course Code: ECE 2403

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Course objectives :

Students undergoing this course are expected to:

1. know the need for orthogonality 2. know Fourier representation of periodic signals 3. difference between Convolution and correlation of signals 4. know the Ideal characteristics of filters and 5. know the Significance of Sampling theorem and 6. understand Concept of region of convergence(ROC) of Laplace transform

Course outcomes : After undergoing the course, Students will be able to

1. demonstrate basic knowledge of signals and systems. 2. be able to represent time-domain signals in frequency-domain using different transforms. 3. understand Sampling theorem for the Applications of Digital communication. 4. be able to characterize the LTI systems and to obtain their output using Convolution method. 5. derive constraints on ROC for various classes of signals by using Laplace-Transform. 6. have an exposure to Digital signal Processing, Analog Communication and Digital Communication.

UNIT-I (12 hours) Introduction: Signal analysis Classification of Continuous time & Discrete time signals. Concept of impulse function, unit step function, Signum function, Signal operations, Representation of signals using impulse function, Power and Energy of signals Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions.

UNIT II (18hours)

Fourier series representation of periodic signals and fourier transforms

Representation of Fourier series for Continuous time periodic signals , Dirichlet’s conditions, , properties of Fourier series, Exponential Fourier series, Relationship between Exponential fourier series and trigonometric fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum .

Concept of Fourier transform, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Parseval’s theorem, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function.

UNIT III (17hours) Signal through linear systems – Convolution and Correlation of Signals Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortionless transmission through a system, bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Paley-Wiener criterion for physical realization,

Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms , Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation functions, Energy density spectrum, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral density function. Relation between convolution and correlation.

UNIT IV (13 hours)

Sampling and Laplace transforms

Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.

Review of Laplace transforms, Properties of L.T’s, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal.

Text Books:

1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.

2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.

Reference Books:

1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.

2. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.

3. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J.M.Parr and Eve A.Riskin, Pearson education.3rd Edition, 2004.



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB Course code: ECE 2204

L T P C

0 0 3 2

Course Objectives:

This lab course is intended to

1. Know the usage of electronic equipment 2. Know the testing of components 3. Understand the PN diode operation in forward and reverse bias 4. Know the characteristics of Half wave and Full wave rectifier with and without filters 5. Know the characteristics of transistor in CB,CE configurations

Course outcomes:

After undergoing this lab course, students will be able to:

1. Use various electronic components and test equipments like Multimeter , function generator,CRO etc., in order to measure passive components and observe the waveforms

2. Use diode and transistor for various practical applications . 3. Design the rectifiers, filters and D.C. Regulated power supplies of required voltage and current

rating. 4. design amplifier circuit with different biasing techniques

List of Experiments

(For Laboratory examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)

Identification and Testing of Components

Demonstration of Measuring Instruments

1. PN Junction diode characteristics A. Forward bias B. Reverse bias. 2. Zener diode characteristics 3. Transistor CB characteristics (Input and Output) 4. Transistor CE characteristics (Input and Output) 5. Half wave rectifier, Half wave rectifier with capacitor filter. 6. Full wave center tapped rectifier with and without capacitor filter. 7. FET characteristics 8. Design of self bias for CE configuration 9. Design of Zener regulator. 10. Design of series voltage regulator. 11. Design of shunt voltage regulator. 12. UJT characteristics



SYLLABUS


Course Title: NETWORKS & SIMULATION LAB Co urse code: EEE 2215

L T P C

0 0 3 2

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course enables the students to: � Construct and verify various electrical circuits applying network theorems. � Learn different locus diagrams for various electrical circuits like RL,RC and RLC. � Analyze different models of electric circuits through simulation by using PSPICE and MATLAB

software. � Understand the concepts of resonating conditions in series and parallel circuits. � Evaluate the various electrical and electronic parameters using two –port networks. COURSE OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this course the students are expected to: � Analyze various theorems for linear DC and AC electrical circuits. � Evaluate two port network parameters for various electrical circuits. � Analyze the transient and steady state behavior of a circuit using MATLAB / PSPICE software. � Understand the performance of an ac circuit during resonance conditions. � Design the time constants of an electrical circuit for satisfactory performance during transient.

Note: Eight experiments are to be conducted from PART-A and Two from PART-B

PART-A: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

1) Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 2) Verification of Superposition theorem 3) Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 4) Verification of Compensation and Millmann’s Theorems 5) Verification of Reciprocity Theorem 6) Series and Parallel Resonance 7) Determination of Self, Mutual Inductances and Coefficient of coupling

8) Z and Y Parameters 9) Transmission and hybrid parameters. 10) Time response of series RL and RC circuit

PART-B: SIMULATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

1) Simulation of DC Circuits 2) DC Transient response 3) Nodal Analysis 4) Verification of Network Theorems 5) Simulation of AC Circuits


B.Tech- 4th Semester

SYLLABUS

(Applicable for 2012-13 admitted batch) Course Title: ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS Course Cod e: ECE 2405 L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course Objectives: Students undergoing this course, are expected to

� Understand Modulation & demodulation techniques of AM, DSB, SSB &VSB � Know Frequency Division Multiplexing � Understand Modulation & demodulation techniques of FM � Know Properties of FM � Understand Modulation & demodulation techniques PAM & PTM. � Know Noise Figure in AM & FM receiver systems. � Understand Function of various stages of AM, FM transmitters � Know Characteristics of AM & FM receivers.

Course Outcomes: After undergoing the course, students will be able to:

� analyze the nature of signals during the transmission & reception. � apply the theory in OFDM in Wireless communications � analyze the percentage of modulation in FM systems � analyze spectrum of FM signal � describe the pulse modulation nature in digital communication � describe signal power by using power spectral characteristics in AM and FM systems � analyze noise characteristics in the channel communications � design low power AM and FM transmitters � design low power AM and FM transmitters receivers

UNIT- I : AMPLITUDE MODULATION (18 periods) Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Amplitude Modulation, Definition, Time and frequency domains description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves-square law Modulator, Principle of Detection of AM Wave-envelope detector. DSB MODULATION: Double side band suppressed carrier modulators, time and frequency domains description, Generation of DSBSC Waves, Balanced Modulators, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves. SSB modulation: Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB Waves, Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave, Time domain description. UNIT- II: ANGLE MODULATION (12 periods) Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave - Generation of FM Waves, Direct FM, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector. UNIT – III:NOISE & PULSE MODULATION (14 periods) Noise in Analog communication System, Noise in DSB & SSB System Noise in AM System, Noise in Angle Modulation System, Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis. Time Divison Multiplexing, Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity) PWM: Generation & demodulation, PPM: Generation and demodulation UNIT –IV:TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS (16 periods) Radio Transmitter - Classification of Transmitter, AM Transmitter, FM Transmitter – Variable reactance FM Transmitter, frequency stability in FM Transmitter. Receiver Types - Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superheterodyne receiver, RF section and Characteristics, Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM Receiver, Comparison of FM receiver with AM Receiver. Text Books:

1. An Introduction to Analog& Digital Communications - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2001 2. Electronic Communication Systems – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004

Reference Books:

1. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007 3rd Edition.

2. Communication Systems Second Edition – R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, TMH, 2007.

3. Fundamentals of Communication Systems - John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi PEA, 2006.



SYLLABUS


Course Title: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN Course Code: ECE 2406

L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course objectives: Students undergoing this course are expected to:

� Understand number systems and codes and their application to digital circuits. � Understand Boolean algebra,Karnaugh maps and its application to the design and characterization

of digital circuits. � Understand the mathematical characteristics of logic gates. � Able to Design and analyze a given combinational or sequential circuit using Boolean algebra as

a tool to simplify and design logic circuits. � Understand the logic design of programmable devices, including PLDs � Able to design various synchronous & Asynchronous counters and Universal Shift Registers. � Consider alternatives to traditional design techniques to simplify the design process to yield

innovative designs

Course outcomes: After undergoing the course students will be able to:

� Differentiate between analog and digital representations. � Convert a number from one number system to its equivalent in of the other Number system. � Realize and Implement logic circuits by using Universal gates. � Use Boolean algebra and K-map as tool to simplify and design logic circuits. � Construct and analyze the operation of Combinational and Sequential Circuits. � Design various types of sequential circuits like counters and universal Shift Registers � Able to Differentiate between Mealy and Moore machines. � Able to Modify traditional design techniques to yield innovative designs

UNIT- I ( 15 hours) NUMBER SYSTEMS AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA: Review of number systems, conversion of numbers from one radix to another radix, complement representation of negative numbers-binary arithmetic, 4-bit codes: BCD, Excess-3, Floating point representation(IEEE 754 Standard), Fixed point representation, Basic logic operations. Basic theorems and properties of Boolean Algebra, switching functions, Canonical and Standard forms-Algebraic simplification digital logic gates, universal gates and Multilevel NAND/NOR realizations, Generation of self dual functions. Gray code, error detection and error correction codes, parity checking even parity, odd parity, Hamming code UNIT- II ( 15 hours) BOOLEAN FUNCTION MINIMIZATION AND COMBINATIONAL LOG IC CIRCUITS: Minimization of switching functions using K-Map up to 6-variables, Tabular minimization, minimal SOP and POS Realization, Problem solving using K-map such as code converters binary Multiplier. Half adder, Full adder, full subtractor, Ripple carry adder, Carry look ahead adder, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer Encoder, Priority encoder, Decoder, MUX Realization of switching functions Parity bit generator. UNIT- III ( 15 hours) PLDs AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS – I: Basic PLD’s-ROM, PROM, PLA, PAL, Realization of Switching functions using PLD’s, comparison of PROM,PLA,and PAL.Classification of sequential circuits (synchronous and asynchronous): basic flip-flops, truth tables and excitation tables (NAND RS latch, NOR RS latch, RS flip-flop. JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, D flip-flop with reset and clear terminals).Conversion of flip-flops. UNIT- IV ( 15 hours) SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS – II AND SM CHARTS: Design of registers, Buffer register, Control buffer register, Shift register, Bi-directional shift register, Universal shift register. Design of Asynchronous & Synchronous counters - Up, Down, Up down, Johnson counters, Ring counters.Finite state machine-capabilities and limitations, Melay and Moore state machines, Meelay to Moore conversion and vice-versa, Derivation of the SM chart, Reduction of state tables and state assignment. Realization of SM Chart. Text Books:

1. Digital Design – Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006. 2. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H. Roth, Thomson Publications, 3rd Edition.1998.

Reference Books: 1. Switching & Finite Automata theory – Zvi Kohavi, TMH,2nd Edition 2. Modern Digital Electronics by RP Jain, TMH.



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSIO N LINES Course Code: ECE 2407

L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course objectives : The main objectives of the course are to:

� Acquire the prerequisites of the electro-magnetic fields and their interaction with materials � To study the different coordinate systems, Physical significance of Divergence, Curl and Gradient � Understand the applications of Coulomb’s law and Gauss law to different charge distributions � Understand the applications of Laplace’s and Poisson’s Equations to solve real time problems on capacitance

of different charge distributions. � Understand the physical significance of Biot-Savart’s and Amperes’s Law for different current distributions � Know the physical interpretation of Maxwell’ equations and applications for various fields like Antennas,

Waveguides � Solve Maxwell’s equations to obtain Plane wave equations and derive the behavioral equations for

Propagation constant, Attenuation constant, Phase constant, Skin depth and wave polarization � Understand behavior of E.M. waves incident on the interface between two different media � Acquire knowledge of Poyting Theorem and its application of Power flow � Apply Maxwell’s equations Guided waves � Understand the significance of Transmission lines and their different parameters. � Design of high frequency communication devices and circuits (R.F. engineering, microwaves,

antennae, radar, satellite links, optical fibers, lasers, and electro-optics) Course Outcomes : At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

� Apply the fundamentals of vector calculus, differentiation, integrations, and different coordinate systems

� Apply Coulomb’s law and Gauss law to different charge distributions � Apply the knowledge of Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations to solve different capacitance problems � Apply knowledge to Antennas and wave propagation, Microwaves and communication subjects. � Implement applications of Maxwell’s equations in plane waves and their propagation in different

media. � Apply power concept associated with waves. The knowledge is used to study the behavior of

transmission lines & their parameters. � Apply concept of waveguides and their significance in microwave range applications.

� Understand the applications of communication. An exposure to functioning of modern microwave antennas, antenna arrays, smart antennas etc. can also be achieved.

� Apply the knowledge to design of various transmission channels with respect to distortion, loss, Impedance matching, Reflection coefficient and VSWR.

UNIT -I ELECTROSTATICS (25 hours)

Review of Vector Calculus, Coordinate systems; Coulomb's Law and Electric Field Intensity: Experiment Law of Coulomb, Electric Field Intensity, Field due to Continuous Volume Charge, Line Charge, Ring of charge and Sheet Charge, Related Problems.

Electric Flux Density, Gauss' Law and Divergence: Electric Flux Density, Gauss' Law, Divergence, Gauss' Law Differential form, Applications of Gauss' Law and Divergence Theorem, Related Problems

Energy and Potential: Work done in Moving a Point Charge in an Electric Field, Line Integral, Definition of Potential Difference and Potential Gradient, Relation between E & V, Energy Density in static Electric Field, Related Problems

Conductors, Dielectrics: Current and Current Density, Continuity of Current, Metallic Conductors, Conductor Properties and Boundary Conditions, Boundary Conditions for Perfect Dielectrics, Related Problems

Poisson's and Laplace's Equations: Poisson's and Laplace's Equations, Uniqueness Theorem, Examples of the Solutions of Laplace's and Poisson's Equations, Related Problems.

UNIT -II MAGNETOSTATICS ( 12 hours)

The Steady Magnetic Field: Biot-Savart Law, Applications of Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere's Circuital Law, Curl, Stokes' Theorem, Magnetic Flux and Flux Density, Scalar and Vector Magnetic Potentials, Related Problems

Magnetic Forces, Materials and Inductance: Force on a Moving Charge and Differential Current Element, Force between Differential Current Elements, Magnetic Boundary Conditions, Energy in Magnetic Materials, Self Inductance, Related Problems

UNIT- III MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND PLANE WAVES (12 hours)

Faraday's Law, Inconsistency of Ampere’s law, Displacement Current, Maxwell's Equation in Point and Integral Form of different media, Boundary Conditions : Dielectric –Dielectric boundary. Related Problems

Wave equations for conducting and Perfect Dielectric, Uniform Plane wave, Relation between E & H, Sinusoidal Wave equations, Wave Propagation in lossless and conducting media, and Propagation in Good Conductors, Skin Effect, & Good Dielectrics, Poynting Vector and Power Considerations, Power loss in plane conductor, Wave Polarization, Related Problems.

UNIT- IV REFLECTION, REFRACTION AND TRANSMISSION LI NES (11 hours)

Reflection and Refraction of Uniform Plane wave: Definitions of Reflection coefficient and Transmission coefficient, Waves at Normal Incidence, for perfect conductor-dielectric boundary & dielectric-dielectric boundary, SWR, Oblique incidence: Perpendicular and Parallel Polarization, for dielectric-dielectric boundary, Brewster angle, Surface Impedance, Related Problems

Transmission Lines: Equivalent circuit of Transmission lines, Transmission line equation, Primary & Secondary constants, infinite line concept, Lossless/Low lossless characterization, Distortion, Input impedance, Short circuit and Open circuit line, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 lines –Impedance transformation, Smith-chart, Related Problems

Text Books:

1. Engineering Electromagnetics-William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, Tata McGraw Hill, 6th Edition, 2001

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating systems – E. C. Jordan and K.G. Balman, PHI, 2nd Edn. 3 Electromagnetic fields and Wave theory- G.S.N. Raju, Pearson Education, 2006 4. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines- Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Wiley Publishers,2012. Reference Books: 1. Electromagnetics- Joseph Edminister, Schaum Outline Series, McGraw Hill. 2. Field and Wave Electromagnetics- David K. Cheng, Pearson Education Asia II Editionn.-1989, Indian Reprint 2001. 3. Elements of Electromagnetics – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 3rd ed., 20



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Cours e Code: ECE 2408 L T P C 3 1 0 4 Course objectives: Students undergoing this course are expected to:

� Analyse Single stage amplifier at low and High frequencies using transistors and FETs. � Analyse Multi stage amplifiers at low and High frequencies using transistors and FETs. � Analyze single stage and multi stage amplifiers and to enable the students to realize the impact of

cascading or coupling during the system level integration. � Recognize the importance of feedback in amplifiers. � Know how the negative feedback provides better stability with less distortion. � Understand the principle, operation and design of oscillators. � Comprehend the use of Power amplifiers in real time applications such as transmitters in

communication systems. � Comprehend the use of Tuned amplifiers in real time applications such as receivers in

communication systems.


� Analyze and design single stage amplifiers at low frequencies using transistors and FETs. � Analyze and design single stage amplifiers at high frequencies using transistors and FETs � Analyze and design multistage amplifiers at low frequencies using transistors and FETs. � Analyze and design multistage amplifiers at high frequencies using transistors and FETs. � Design of feedback amplifiers. � Design of sinusoidal Oscillators for a given frequency. � Estimate the requirements and design the power amplifier in real time applications such as

transmitters in communication systems. .

� Demonstrate the tradeoff between various kinds of tuned amplifiers used in real time applications such as transmitters in communication systems.

UNIT- I ( 16 hours) LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS: h-parameter representation of a transistor, analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters: voltage gain, current gain, input impedance and output impedance of CE, CB, and CC amplifiers using exact and approximate analysis. Miller’s and Dual of Miller’s theorem Analysis of single stage FET amplifiers - voltage gain, input impedance and output impedance of CS, CG, and CD amplifiers.

UNIT- II (14 hours) HIGH FREQUENCY and MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIERS: Hybrid-π CE transistor Model, Determination of Hybrid-π Conductances, CE Short Circuit Current Gain,

Parameters of βf and Tf , Current Gain with Resistance Load using approximate analysis, Gain bandwidth

product, Emitter follower at high frequencies. Methods of Inter Stage Coupling, Frequency response of RC coupled CE and CS amplifiers. n – Stage Cascaded Amplifier, Low frequency analysis of High Input Resistance Transistor Circuits-Daraligton pair, Cascode amplifier. CE-CC Amplifiers. UNIT- III (15 hours) FEED BACK AMPLIFIERS and OSCILLATORS: Concept of feedback, effect of negative feedback on the amplifier Characteristics. Feedback Amplifier Topologies. Method of Analysis of Voltage Series, Current Series, Voltage Shunt and Current Shunt feedback Amplifiers, Design considerations. Condition for oscillations, LC Oscillators – Hartley and Colpitts oscillators, RC Oscillators - RC Phase Shift and Wein bridge Oscillators, Frequency and amplitude Stability of Oscillators, Crystal Oscillators. Design considerations. UNIT -IV ( 15 hours) POWER and TUNED AMPLIFIERS: Class A Power Amplifier, Maximum Value of Efficiency of Class A Amplifier, Transformer Coupled Amplifier, Push Pull Amplifier, Complimentary Symmetry Circuits (Transformer Less Class B Power Amplifier), Phase Inverters, Class –C amplifier, Class D Operation, , Heat Sinks.

Tuned amplifiers, Quality factor of a tank circuit, Single Tuned Capacitive Coupled Amplifier, CE Double Tuned Amplifier, Stagger tuned amplifiers, Synchronous tuned amplifiers and application of Tuned Amplifiers. Text Books:

1. Integrated Electronics – J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, Mc Graw-Hill, 1972. 2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, Theodore F. Bogart Jr., J.S. Beasley and G. Rico, Pearson Edition, 6th

Edition, 2004.

Reference Books:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory – Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,9th Edition,2006.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits G. K. Mithal, Khanna Publishers, 1997 3. Micro Electronic Circuits: Analysis and Design – M.H. Rashid, Thomson PWS Publ., 1999. 4. Electronic Circuit Analysis, B. Visvesvara Rao, K. Raja Rajeswari, P. Chalam Raju Pantulu ,

K. Bhaskara Rama Murty, 1/e Pearson Education, 2012. 5. Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design – Donald A. Neaman, Mc Graw Hill. 6. Micro Electronic Circuits – Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press, 5th edition



SYLLABUS


Course Title: PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS Course Code: ECE 2409 L T P C 3 1 0 4

Course objectives: The students completing this course are expected to demonstrate basic knowledge of Pulse and Digital Circuits by understanding:

� Differentiator and Integrator circuits, clippers(limiters) � clampers (dc-reinserter), comparators(discriminators) � Switching characteristics of diodes and transistors � Astable multi(square wave generator) � Monostable multi(one shot) � Bistable multi(flip-flop), Schmitt trigger circuit � Time Base generators( Miller, Bootstrap Voltage time base generator and Current time base

generator) � Synchronization and Frequency division( Synchronization using Astable, Monostable relaxation

circuits) � Sampling Gates (Unidirectional, Bidirectional sampling gates without pedestal and Applications of

sampling gates) and Realization of Logic gates using Diodes and Transistors.


� Design the circuits for generating desired wave shapes(non-sinusoidal) for different applications like computers, control systems and counting and timing systems

� Design RC circuits for triggering � Design the switching circuits in VLSI � Design the memory element � Design free running oscillators � Design logic circuits for VLSI

� Design analog comparators

UNIT- I (14 hours) WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS: High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs. RC network as differentiator and integrator, attenuators, RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input, Ringing circuit. Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers, Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits. UNIT -II (16hours) MULTIVIBRATORS: Diode as a switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch, Break down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor and their variation with temperature, Design of transistor switch, transistor-switching times. Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using transistors. UNIT- III ( 16 hours) TIME BASE GENERATORS and SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUE NCY DIVISION : General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform, Miller and Bootstrap time base generators – basic principles, Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base generators. Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation circuits, Monostable relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division with a sweep circuit. UNIT -IV (14hours) SAMPLING GATES and LOGIC GATES: Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits, Applications of sampling gates. AND, OR gates using Diodes, NAND, NOR using resistor Transistor Logic, Diode Transistor Logic, TTL, ECL.

Text Books: 1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms - J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-Hill, 1991. 2. Pulse and Digital Switching circuits – VenkataRao.K, RamaSudha.K , ManmadhaRao.G, Pearson Education,

Reference Books: 1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2005. 2. Wave Generation and Shaping - L. Strauss. 3. Solid State Pulse circuits - David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edn., 2002 .



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB Co urse Code: ECE 2210 L T P C 0 0 3 2

Course objectives : This course is intended to

� Understand all types of analog modulation / demodulation principles such as AM, DSB-SC, FM

� recognize the importance of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis � Know the need for diode detector, and AGC � Substantiate pulse modulation techniques

Course outcomes : After undergoing the lab course students will be able to:

� Design and simulate modulation and demodulation circuits such as AM,DSB-SC,FM. � Construct pre-emphasis and de-emphasis at the transmitter and receiver respectively � Construct diode detector and AGC circuit that are necessary for good reception of the signal � Design and simulate the PAM,PWM&PPM circuits

List of Experiments (a)Any nine experiments from the following

1. Verification of Sampling Theorem 2. Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation 3. AM - DSB SC - Modulation & Demodulation 4. Frequency Modulation & Demodulation 5. Pre-emphasis & De-emphasis

6. Spectrum Analysis of Modulated signal using Spectrum Analyzer 7. Diode Detector 8. AGC Circuits 9. Pulse Amplitude Modulation – Modulation& Demodulation 10. PWM, PPM - Modulation & Demodulation 11. Phase Locked loop(PLL) 12. Design of F.M receiver (90.4 MHz) (b)Any three experiments from the following using MATLAB software 1. Amplitude Modulation – Modulation & Demodulation 2. AM - DSB SC -. Modulation & Demodulation 3. Frequency Modulation – Modulation. & Demodulation 4. Pulse Amplitude Modulation – Modulation & Demodulation 5. PWM, PPM - Modulation . & Demodulation Equipments & Software required: Software: i.) Computer Systems with latest specifications ii) Connected in LAN (Optional) iii) Operating system (Windows XP) iv) Simulations software (MATLAB) Equipment: 1. RPS - 0 – 30 V 2. CRO - 0 – 20 M Hz. 3. Function Generators - 0 – 1 M Hz 4. Components 5. Multimeters 6. Spectrum Analyser



SYLLABUS


Course Title: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS SIMULATION LAB Course Code: ECE 2211

L T P C 0 0 3 2

Course objectives : This course is intended to

� Construct Common Emitter and Common Source amplifiers. � Accomplish the frequency response of two stage RC coupled amplifier. � Construct negative feedback in amplifiers. � Construct sinusoidal oscillators. � Construct power amplifiers. � Obtain the desired waveshapes using linear waveshaping circuits like High pass and low pass RC

circuits for different types of input signals. � Gets the desired waveform using nonlinear wave shaping circuits like clippers and clampers. � Know the operation of various multivibrators and to observe the respective switching waveforms

Course outcomes : After undergoing the lab course students will be able to:

� Design the Common Emitter and Common Source amplifiers for different applications. � Analyse the frequency response of two stage RC coupled amplifier. � Design of different negative feedback amplifiers. � Design sinusoidal oscillators for a given frequency. � Design of class-A and class-B power amplifiers. � Implement the respective filters using HP and LP circuits. � Design and verify the Clipping and clamping circuits

� Design and test the Multivibrator circuits

List of Experiments ( Twelve experiments to be done) : I) Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using Multisim OR Pspice OR Equivalent Simulation Software. & Verifying the result by Hardware (Any Six): 1. Common Emitter and Common collector amplifier-Frequency response, Impedances measurement 2. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier 3. Current shunt and Voltage shunt Feedback Amplifier- Freq. response, Impedances measurement( with and without feedback) 4. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors- Design for different frequencies 5. RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors - Design for different frequencies 6. Class A Power Amplifier (with and without transformer load ) 7. Class B Power Amplifier 8. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier 9. Series Voltage Regulator 10. Shunt Voltage Regulator II) Pulse and Digital Circuits ( Any Six)- By designing the Circuit 1. Linear wave shaping ( Diff. Time Constants, Differentiator, Integrator) 2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.,Clampers 3. Logic gates with discrete components ( Diodes, Transistors) 4. Bistable Multivibrator 5. Astable Multivibrator. ( Voltage- Frequency convertor) 6. Monostable Multivibrator. 7. Schmitt Trigger. 8. UJT Relaxation Oscillator. 9. Bootstrap sweep circuit. 10. Sampling Gates Equipments required for Laborataries: i. For software simultation of Electronic circuits i) Computer Systems with latest specifications ii) Connected in Lan (Optional) iii) Operating system (Windows XP) iv) Simulations software (Multisim/TINAPRO) Package Equipment: 1. RPS - 0 – 30 V 2. CRO - 0 – 20 M Hz.

3. Function Generators - 0 – 1 M Hz 4. Components 5. Multimeters

department of electronics and communication engineering

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