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AUSTRALIA’S OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

Statistical Summary, 2017–18

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Contact

Inquiries about this document should be directed to:

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Budget Branch, ODA Reporting and Statistics sectionRG Casey Building, John McEwen Crescent, Barton ACT 0221 Australia+61 2 6261 1111 (Phone)+61 2 6261 3111 (Fax)

Published by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, December 2018.

1Australia’s Official Development Assistance: Statistical Summary, 2017–18

Table of ContentsOverview of Australian aid.....................................................................................................................4

1 Australian Official Development Assistance by Investment Priorities (a)..........................................................11

2 Australian Official Development Assistance, Investment Priorities by Type of Partner, 2017-18 (a).................14

3 Australian Official Development Assistance, Region of Benefit by Investment Priorities (a).............................16

4 Australian Official Development Assistance, Partner Country by Investment Priorities, 2017–18 (a)...............20

5 Australian Official Development Assistance, Government Departments and Agencies.....................................22

Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit Tables....................................................................................23

6 Australian Official Development Assistance, Economic Growth, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................24

7 Australian Official Development Assistance, Aid for Trade, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................25

8 Australian Official Development Assistance, Private Sector Development, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)..........................................................................................................................................26

9 Australian Official Development Assistance, Research, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................27

10 Australian Official Development Assistance, Environment, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)...................................................................................................................................................29

11 Australian Official Development Assistance, Climate Finance, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................31

12 Australian Official Development Assistance, Government and Civil Society, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)......................................................................................................................................33

13 Australian Official Development Assistance, Law and Justice, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................35

14 Australian Official Development Assistance, Gender Equality, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)...................................................................................................................................................36

15 Australian Official Development Assistance, Disability Inclusion, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)...................................................................................................................................................38

16 Australian Official Development Assistance, Education, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).......................................................................................................................................................40

17 Australian Official Development Assistance, Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).....41

18 Australian Official Development Assistance, Maternal and Child Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b).................................................................................................................................42

19 Supplementary Table: Australian Official Development Assistance, Family Planning based on the 2012 London Family Planning Summit Methodology, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b).......44

20 Australian Official Development Assistance, Nutrition, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)(c)...................................................................................................................................................................... 45

21 Australian Official Development Assistance, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)......................................................................................................................................46

22 Australian Official Development Assistance, Humanitarian and Disaster Response, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)..........................................................................................................................47


23 Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term Australia Awards, Field of Study by Region of Benefit, Number of Students by Gender, 2017–18 (a)......................................................................................48

People to People Link Tables................................................................................................................50

24 Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term and Short-term Australia Awards, Partner Country by Number of Students, 2018 (a)(b)..................................................................................................................51

25 Australian Official Development Assistance, Volunteers Program, Partner Country by Number of Volunteers (a)....................................................................................................................................................52

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Development Assistance Committee Special Tables.......................................................................................................................................53

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development...........................................................................................54

26 Australian Official Development Assistance, 2030 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals, Primary Intent (a)..............................................................................................................................................58

27 Australian Official Development Assistance, 2030 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals, Primary Intent by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a).............................................................................................59

28 Australian Official Development Assistance by Development Assistance Committee Sectors..........................60

29 Australian Official Development Assistance: Amounts Mobilised from the Private Sector by Official Development Finance Investments...................................................................................................................62

Appendices...........................................................................................................................................63

Appendix 1: Explanatory Notes...............................................................................................................................64

Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions....................................................................................................................65

Appendix 3: Abbreviations and Symbols.................................................................................................................73

Appendix 4: DAC List of Aid Recipients (a)(b)..........................................................................................................74


Overview of Australian aid

What is Australian aid?Australian aid is a whole-of-Australia commitment to reducing poverty and lifting the living standards of developing countries, predominately in the Indo-Pacific region. Australian aid is a partnership between all levels of government and between the Australian government, business and civil society. Australia’s aid program is delivered in accordance with the Australian Government’s policy—Australian aid: promoting prosperity, reducing poverty, enhancing stability. It is part of Australia’s broader foreign policy, as articulated in the Foreign Policy White Paper (the White Paper) — the blueprint for Australia’s international engagement for the next decade. These framing documents define our development program’s focus as the building of a stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific region.

Four tests guide Australia’s investment choices across the development program, translating Australia’s strategic framework into implementation practice:

• Is this in Australia’s national interest?

• Will this promote inclusive growth and reduce poverty?

• Does Australia’s contribution add value and leverage?

• Will this deliver results and value for money?

Why have an Australian aid program?Australia’s development assistance contributes to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction, especially in the Indo-Pacific. This both supports the strong and direct national interest we have in stability and prosperity in our region and reflects our values as a nation.

Geographically, Australia sits in a region that is home to countries with significantly different economic growth prospects. While some of our partners in Asia are experiencing dynamic economic growth and a growing middle class, many still have significant pockets of poverty, rising levels of inequality and domestic unrest. Other partners, including in the Pacific, have fewer prospects for sustainable high economic growth and desire to enhance their economic integration and economic resilience. Eleven of our top 15 bilateral development partners are fragile and/or conflict affected. Our region is home to 40 per cent of natural disasters and 84 per cent of people affected by natural disasters worldwide.1

In addition, the balance of economic and political power is shifting, and economies are becoming more connected. The increasing mobility of goods, capital, people and information, as well as a growing interdependence of production and delivery systems, means that shocks increasingly transcend borders. Global and regional health, climatic and conflict shocks will continue to challenge the ability of global institutions, governments and communities to respond in a coordinated, flexible, adaptive and timely way.

Australia’s development program is one of the ways Australia can respond to these pressures. In this context, the development program is more important for Australia than it has ever been. While our development program cannot guarantee a stable region, it can provide significant ballast against instability in many of the region’s weaker states by advancing economic reforms, improving governance and countering violent extremism. Investment in our region assists partner governments to build healthy, educated and skilled populations, supported by the necessary infrastructure and governance frameworks to foster prosperity.

Investment through the Australian Aid program in improving the levels of disaster risk reduction with our partners is a sensible precaution for Australia with evidence suggesting that $1 invested in risk reduction can save up to $15 in the aftermath of a disaster.

As a globally engaged and resource-rich nation with a relatively small population, trade is an important contributor to our prosperity. When countries in our region experience sustainable growth, Australia also prospers. Through the Australian Aid program, we work closely with partner governments, being flexible and responsive to provide quality aid to support stability and growth. Australian Aid helps individuals, families and communities in their local economies.

1 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2016 Year in Review.


More broadly, the development program enables us to demonstrate our credentials as a responsible global citizen and meet global commitments. This, in turn, enhances our standing and influence in global and regional debates.

Australia’s aid program is well-targetedThe Indo-Pacific region is critical for Australia’s future economic prosperity and security. Our region still hosts almost half of the world’s poorest people (in developing Asia there are still 330 million people living on less than US$1.90 a day). While poverty levels in the region declined by more than 20 per cent between 2002 and 2013, those living on incomes between US$1.90 and US$10 a day—who are still vulnerable to falling back into poverty—comprise a significant percentage of the populations of many of our neighbours. This limits the capacity of governments to build a healthy and educated workforce that can move into middle class.2

Activities funded through our development program that bring financial resources and expertise to regional and global problems are a win-win. The development program provides an opportunity to promote Australia’s expertise and develop deep links with countries in our region.

In the Pacific, real average income per capita has increased by less than 10 per cent since 1990 compared with about 150 per cent in Asia’s emerging market economies. This reflects in part that Pacific island country economies are heavily impacted by natural disasters.

Given the immutable issues of small size, dispersed populations and fragile economies, the approach of the Australian Aid program in the Pacific is to expand opportunities through greater integration. Our Pacific development program is working to enable economic cooperation, including through labour mobility, tackling security challenges, and strengthening people-to-people links.

In Asia, there is still an important role for Australian Aid to support the transition of emerging market economies in the region. The more people move from poverty—through the vulnerable stage and firmly into middle class—the greater the opportunity for Australia as an engaged trading partner.

Our development program recognises this reality. In Asia, we have moved to an economic partnership approach. This focuses on human capital investment and policy reform, including budget management and tax system design and improving trade and investment.

How does Australia’s aid program work?Bilateral engagementThe greater part of Australia’s development program is delivered bilaterally, with Australia partnering with governments in the region.

Australia works to build strong and enduring relationships with countries in our region. We share the same goals, working together to support development by promoting prosperity, reducing poverty and enhancing stability. We collaborate on program design and implementation, and we share lessons when evaluating our endeavours. Together, we seek to support the poor, including the marginalised such as people with disabilities, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, and women and girls, to take up the opportunities provided by a dynamic growing economy.

Global engagementMultilateral organisations form an important component of the international rules-based order. They set norms and standards and promote global cooperation on development issues. Australia provides funds to multilateral organisations and global programs to extend our reach, our leverage, and the impact of our funds. This support also promotes collective responses to challenges that cannot be solved by countries acting by themselves.

Sectoral focusAustralia also has programs that focus on sectoral issues. In some areas, such as in health, education, infrastructure and water, it makes more sense to deliver programs across many countries or the whole region. This can involve the provision of programs on issues that do not fit neatly into national borders. Communicable and vector borne-diseases, for instance, cross borders so a

2 Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017, September 2017.


sectoral approach, sometimes paired with a bilateral program, is necessary. Australia is considered a world expert in areas such as water management, and we harness that expertise in our programs.

Who Australia works withThe strength and diversity of Australian’s connections to the world mean that partnerships are essential to Australia’s broader foreign policy and to an effective development program.

The Australian Government competitively contracts aid delivery work to Australian and international companies and not-for-profit organisations which use their expertise to deliver development assistance and to work with local people to continue the benefits long after contracts end.

Australia works with non-government organisations (NGOs), both Australian and international, that have demonstrated their ability to deliver results, offer value for money, and have strong local partnerships that support collaboration, capacity building and sustainability. Australia seeks to build on the local knowledge and connections of NGOs, as well as their development expertise and ability to influence change.

Australia provides core funding to the Multilateral Development Banks (the World Bank Group and the Asian Development Bank) in support of their development and poverty alleviation mandate. During replenishments, Australia actively advocates for the interests of the Pacific, for example, the 2017 Replenishment for the World Bank concessional arm, the International Development Association (IDA), resulted in the Pacific receiving an almost four-fold increase in minimum annual allocations. Through our membership on multilateral boards, Australia can ensure that important issues, such as disaster risk reduction, climate change, gender equality and disability inclusiveness, are embedded into their policies and practices.

2030 Agenda for Sustainable DevelopmentThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) is a framework for development engagement. It provides a shared agenda to build and strengthen international relationships at a time of reform and change. It is not just for and about government. It involves the private sector, civil society, academia and international organisations and cuts across the aid, trade, security and foreign policy aspects of Australia’s international engagement.

The 2030 Agenda includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs or Goals) addressing economic, social and environmental aspects of development. It is paired with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda which focuses on using all sources of development finance (not just development assistance), including tax revenue, enhanced trade, and private sector investment to finance development.

Australia works with partners to achieve the SDGs in our development program, including through aid for trade, to catalyse sustained and inclusive economic growth.

For further details on Australia’s reporting of the SDGs refer to Australia’s Report on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (Voluntary National Review) 2018. <https://dfat.gov.au/aid/topics/development-issues/2030-agenda/Pages/sustainable-development-goals.aspx>

Robust performance systemsAustralians want assurance that taxpayer funds are used correctly and in ways that are in Australia’s interests and are not diverted from their intended purpose. Australia has a strong focus on performance reporting, evaluation, innovation and research. The Australian Aid program is subject to regular and extensive oversight of financial and program accountability.

Effectiveness and achievements The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – Development Assistance Committee (OECD DAC) undertakes five-yearly reviews of member country’s development co-operation policies and systems, to improve the quality and effectiveness of development co-operation policies and systems, and to promote good development partnerships for better impact on poverty reduction and sustainable development in developing countries.


A recent peer review by the OECD DAC3 assessed Australia as having a comprehensive, well-managed performance and reporting architecture that is closely tied to high-level policy objectives. This endorsement is shared by the Chair of Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade’s (DFAT’s) Independent Evaluation Committee, who cites Australia’s aid performance management system as among global best practice.

Annually, the Australian Government reports on the effectiveness and achievements of the Aid Program in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Annual Report and Performance of Australian Aid Report.

The Office for Development Effectiveness (ODE) conducts strategic evaluations to inform Australia’s development assistance policies and practice. ODE also routinely assesses and reports on the quality and robustness of aid performance management systems.

Outline of this reportThis report presents statistical details of Australia’s development cooperation with partner countries, multilateral and bilateral development agencies, civil society organisations and the private sector. It provides a range of information at the aggregate level of where Australia’s aid program was delivered and the type of aid delivered.

This publication presents all Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided by Australia to developing countries.

This report complements other reporting of the Australian aid program. Users may wish to refer to the following publications which can be downloaded from the DFAT website:

• Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio Budget Statements.

• Australian Aid Budget Summary.

• Annual Report: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

• Performance of Australian Aid Report.

Changes in this issueChanges in this issue include:

• A more significant overview of Australian Aid, highlighting what Australian Aid is, why we have an aid program, how the aid program works and who we work with.

• Infographic world map showing regional expenditures.

• Strategic Framework for the aid program

• Graphs and infographics showing key highlights.

• Three new tables highlighting Australia’s effort towards reporting ODA data reflecting the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, including amounts mobilised by the private sector as a result of official financial interventions.

3 DAC OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Australia 2018


Figure 1: The strategic framework for the aid program: promoting prosperity, reducing poverty, enhancing stability


Figure 2: Total Australian Official Development Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017-18


Overview Tables


1 Australian Official Development Assistance by Investment Priorities (a)

2016-17 2017-18

Investment priorities $’000 $’000

Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness

Banking and finance 80,078 56,788

Energy 131,183 137,277

Large water infrastructure 50,196 61,662

Trade policy 46,651 52,108

Transport (b) 236,604 193,447

Urban development and construction 28,375 31,029

Other infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness (c) 121,376 137,761

Total infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 694,463 670,071

Agriculture, fisheries and water

Agriculture, fishing and forestry 245,766 249,517

Rural development 57,349 51,072

Water resource management 48,024 61,227

Total agriculture, fisheries and water 351,139 361,816

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

Governance 697,835 673,818

Mining and mineral resources 76,150 69,887

Total effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies 773,985 743,706

Education

Scholarships 308,722 309,399

Education, general 363,863 333,953

Total education 672,585 643,352

Health

Health, general 392,089 497,926

Basic water and sanitation 70,423 47,932

Total health 462,512 545,858

Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection

Conflict prevention and resolution 69,445 83,029


1 Australian Official Development Assistance by Investment Priorities (a)

2016-17 2017-18

Investment priorities $’000 $’000

Environment 104,470 94,429

Humanitarian assistance 364,430 409,148

Refugees in donor countries - -

Social services and food security 126,917 153,531

Total building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection 665,262 740,137

General development support

Action relating to debt 26,858 16,000

Other multisector (d) 383,849 361,389

Total general development support 410,707 377,389

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 4,030,654 4,082,328

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).

Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors.

(b) Includes transport policy, planning and management, systems and all transport infrastructure.(c) Includes business support, communications, industry support and tourism.

(d) Includes administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.


Figure 3: Australian Official Development Assistance by Investment Priorities, 2017-18 (a)

Figure 4: Australian Official Development Assistance by Investment Priorities, 2015-16 to 2017-18 (a)

(a) For further details on how investment priorities are compiled refer to paragraph 35 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

(b) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.


2 Australian Official Development Assistance, Investment Priorities by Type of Partner, 2017-18 (a)

Multilateral Organisations

Commercial Suppliers

Non-Government

Organisations

Universities and Academic

Institutions

Developing Country

Governments

Australian Public Sector

Organisations Other Partners Total

Investment priorities $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 400,775 152,381 31,112 2,069 64,910 11,412 7,414 670,071

Agriculture, fisheries and water 136,576 86,381 41,310 (10) (b) - 15,682 81,876 361,816

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies 258,227 252,204 91,394 10,895 27,319 83,072 20,594 743,706

Education 99,595 220,730 41,319 242,720 22,711 4,959 11,317 643,352

Health 320,103 110,750 62,078 7,307 15,148 3,708 26,765 545,858

Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection 453,253 91,292 142,106 2,561 1,183 22,867 26,875 740,137

General development support (c) 114,880 31,021 12,859 2,391 - 177,246 38,993 377,389

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 1,783,408 944,759 422,177 267,933 131,271 318,946 213,834 4,082,328


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.

(a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors.

(b) For further details on negative flows refer to paragraphs 40 and 41 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

(c) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.


Figure 5. Australian Official Development Assistance by Type of Partner, 2017-18

Figure 6. Australian Official Development Assistance by Type of Partner, 2008-09 to 2017-18


3 Australian Official Development Assistance, Region of Benefit by Investment Priorities (a) 2016-17 2017-18

Region of benefit $’000 $’000

Pacific

Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 179,257 192,464

Agriculture, fisheries and water 63,453 54,814

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies 386,031 346,867

Education 222,390 211,366

Health 174,221 163,454

Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection 64,758 93,570

General development support (b) 36,601 44,677

Total Pacific 1,126,711 1,107,212

South-East and East Asia




Education 257,288 245,318

Health 83,095 78,600



Total South-East and East Asia 890,490 876,156

South and West Asia




Education 65,502 61,108

Health 24,352 37,381



Total South and West Asia 292,608 361,473

Other Asia (c)




Education 60 126

Health 17,198 7,029


General development support (b) 4,057 492 Total Other Asia 204,843 189,754

Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

Sub-Saharan Africa (c)Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 2,068 2,067



Education 36,689 38,020

Health 17,500 8,781


General development support (b) 1,328 365

Total Sub-Saharan Africa 191,483 174,517


3 Australian Official Development Assistance, Region of Benefit by Investment Priorities (a) 2016-17 2017-18

Region of benefit $’000 $’000

Middle East and North AfricaInfrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 110 247



Education 18,062 23,172

Health 1,843 1,022


General development support (b) 449 527

Total Middle East and North Africa 135,373 164,921 Latin American and the Caribbean

Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness 484 434

Agriculture, fisheries and water 383 422

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies 2,441 844

Education 4,468 2,403

Health 632 823


General development support (b) 117 -

Total Latin American and the Caribbean 13,610 8,944 Other (d)




Education 68,126 61,838

Health 143,671 248,768



Total other 1,175,535 1,199,352 Total Australian Official Development Assistance 4,030,654 4,082,328

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells). Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


Australian Official Development Assistance, Region of Benefit by Investment Priorities, 2017–18

Figure 7. Pacific

Figure 8. South-East and East Asia

(a) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.


Figure 9. South and West Asia

Figure 10. Sub-Saharan Africa

Figure 11. Middle East and North Africa


(a) Includes action relating to debt, administration costs, research and scientific institutions and other multisectors not further defined.


4 Australian Official Development Assistance, Partner Country by Investment Priorities, 2017–18 (a)

Infrastructure, Trade Facilitation and

International Competitiveness

Agriculture, Fisheries and

Water

Effective governance: policies, institutions and

functioning economies Education Health

Building Resilience: humanitarian assistance,

disaster risk reduction and social protection

General Development

Support Total

Partner country $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000Papua New Guinea 95,857 16,682 203,990 82,203 94,934 32,981 12,726 539,374 Pacific Island Countries

Cook Islands 211 811 194 832 189 1,388 - 3,626 Fiji 8,878 2,923 10,063 24,748 8,687 6,778 7,343 69,421 Kiribati 582 1,070 3,218 14,378 2,371 6,733 1,542 29,892 Nauru 10,101 - 4,372 4,218 1,050 1,026 3,916 24,682 Niue and Tokelau 225 - 1,477 428 20 968 - 3,118 Samoa 6,403 921 9,281 12,319 3,800 1,303 2,520 36,546 Solomon Islands 29,087 5,035 51,948 23,937 21,199 6,386 4,183 141,774 Tonga 301 1,141 12,633 6,027 6,752 8,108 2,221 37,182 Tuvalu 534 194 4,451 2,025 418 1,261 68 8,950 Vanuatu 14,015 2,918 15,576 17,000 10,856 8,783 3,137 72,284 North Pacific (b) 1,080 48 1,998 2,558 1,861 2,021 73 9,640 Regional Pacific Island countries (c) 25,191 23,070 27,666 20,695 11,316 15,835 6,949 130,722 Total Pacific Island Countries 96,607 38,131 142,876 129,164 68,520 60,589 31,951 567,838

South-East and East AsiaCambodia 16,758 28,274 10,346 12,064 18,764 4,117 695 91,018 Indonesia 62,645 35,360 69,642 105,366 27,949 37,722 13,484 352,169 Laos 2,547 9,177 4,671 22,726 3,150 1,353 1,981 45,606 Mongolia 53 247 1,715 6,510 156 942 101 9,724 Myanmar 6,719 6,654 15,347 25,942 3,715 27,776 3,809 89,961 The Philippines 12,114 4,532 9,451 33,484 864 24,067 1,120 85,632 Timor-Leste 7,955 16,031 30,125 13,459 20,544 2,947 4,764 95,827 Vietnam 19,599 10,224 13,774 24,904 3,290 3,072 11,453 86,317 Regional East Asia (c) 8,832 1,262 5,547 863 168 518 2,713 19,904 Total South-East and East Asia 137,222 111,761 160,619 245,318 78,600 102,515 40,120 876,156



(a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors.

(b) Includes Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau.

(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

South and West Asia

Afghanistan 125 15,676 34,998 6,316 16,451 16,753 1,194 91,515

Bangladesh 4,170 3,549 1,238 22,743 10,658 70,906 776 114,040

Bhutan 1,205 276 197 5,588 237 21 - 7,525


4 Australian Official Development Assistance, Partner Country by Investment Priorities, 2017–18 (a)

Infrastructure, Trade Facilitation and

International Competitiveness

Agriculture, Fisheries and

Water

Effective governance: policies, institutions and

functioning economies Education Health

Building Resilience: humanitarian assistance,

disaster risk reduction and social protection

General Development

Support Total

Partner country $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Maldives 10 3 131 3,168 - - - 3,312

Nepal 4,703 4,655 9,623 5,795 1,744 3,800 875 31,194

Pakistan 10,944 12,203 2,154 7,967 5,174 14,012 876 53,330

Sri Lanka 4,628 1,457 3,613 7,127 2,680 10,949 426 30,880

Regional South and West Asia (b) 8,563 15,421 1,383 2,404 437 1,303 167 29,678

Total South and West Asia 34,347 53,240 53,337 61,108 37,381 117,746 4,314 361,473 Other Asia (b) 89,285 13,334 70,807 126 7,029 8,679 492 189,754

Sub-Saharan Africa 2,067 20,601 5,823 38,020 8,781 98,860 365 174,517

Middle East and North Africa (c) 247 2,267 2,846 23,172 1,022 134,840 527 164,921

Latin America and the Carribean 434 422 844 2,403 823 4,017 - 8,944

Other (d) 214,005 105,377 102,562 61,838 248,768 179,910 286,893 1,199,352

Total Australian Official Development 670,071 361,816 743,706 643,352 545,858 740,137 377,389 4,082,328 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Investment priorities based on broad level OECD DAC sectors. (b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes the Palestinian Territories, Iraq, Syria and other flows to the region. (d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


5 Australian Official Development Assistance, Government Departments and Agencies2016-17 2017-18

Government Departments and Agencies $’000 $’000

Agriculture and Water Resources 7,038 7,030 Attorney General’s 1,480 1,209

Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 102,982 104,355

Communications and the Arts 1,058 986

Defence - 565

Education and Training 20 20

Environment and Energy 894 1,129

Finance 380 303

Foreign Affairs and Trade 3,611,010 3,696,459

Health 11,200 11,076

Home Affairs

Australian Federal Police (AFP) 77,050 51,960

Home Affairs (excluding AFP) 3,049 6,403

Industry, Innovation and Science - -

Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities - 700

Jobs and Small Business 6,733 10,300

Social Services - -

State and Territory Governments 435 452

Treasury 207,326 189,382

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 4,030,654 4,082,328




Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit Tables


6 Australian Official Development Assistance, Economic Growth, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and

East AsiaSouth and West Asia Other Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa (b)

Middle East and North

Africa

Latin America and the

Caribbean Other (c) Total

Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Economic infrastructure and services

Transport and storage 76,488 38,307 - 20,084 - - - 58,568 193,447 Communications 23,109 1,604 52 395 138 - - 4,536 29,835 Energy generation and supply 10,084 9,613 6,265 52,552 108 - - 58,655 137,277 Banking and financial services 16,127 7,917 2,930 255 241 - - 29,318 56,788 Business and other services 35,081 9,082 9,828 740 738 - - 8,060 63,530 Total economic infrastructure and services 160,889 66,523 19,075 74,026 1,226 - - 159,137 480,876

Production sectorsAgriculture 26,779 91,466 22,539 101 19,065 2,264 391 74,041 236,648 Forestry - 169 21 - 44 - - 876 1,110 Fishing 10,314 765 - - 70 - 30 580 11,759 Industry 3,892 19,662 5,390 - 759 160 303 10,944 41,109 Mineral resources and mining - 1,933 - 62,092 1,592 - 16 4,254 69,887 Construction 5,148 75 - - - - - 219 5,441 Trade and tourism 14,244 16,209 9,447 352 82 - - 15,061 55,395 Total production sectors 60,377 130,279 37,397 62,546 21,611 2,424 740 105,975 421,349

Other sectorsOther social and infrastructure services 25,153 35,168 12,021 7,775 3,201 74 62 24,295 107,750 Environmental policy and governance 22,829 5,168 77 - 3,009 - 109 63,358 94,549 Urban and rural development 24,883 14,139 17,074 19 1,384 24 - 19,138 76,660 Food aid and food security programs (d) 4,096 2,512 22,942 - 4,000 - - 324 33,875 Total other sectors 76,961 56,988 52,113 7,794 11,594 99 171 107,114 312,834

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Economic 298,227 253,790 108,586 144,366 34,432 2,523 911 372,226 1,215,060 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(d) Food aid and food security programs exclude food aid delivered through humanitarian aid.


7 Australian Official Development Assistance, Aid for Trade, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Trade policy, regulations and trade adjustmentTrade policy and administrative management 7,345 10,146 2,246 250 59 - - 3,599 23,645 Trade facilitation 5,680 963 7,029 - 24 - - 9,140 22,836 Regional trade agreements - 3,761 - - - - - 41 3,801 Multilateral trade negotiations - - - 102 - - - 124 226 Trade education, training and trade adjustment 289 11 130 - - - - 1,170 1,600 Total trade policy, regulations and trade adjustment 13,314 14,880 9,405 352 82 - - 14,074 52,108

Economic infrastructureTransport and storage 76,488 38,307 - 20,084 - - - 58,568 193,447 Communications 23,109 1,604 52 395 138 - - 4,536 29,835 Energy supply and generation 10,084 9,613 6,265 52,552 108 - - 58,655 137,277 Total economic infrastructure 109,681 49,524 6,317 73,031 247 - - 121,759 360,558

Building productive capacityBusiness and other services 35,081 9,082 9,828 740 738 - - 8,060 63,530 Banking and financial services 16,127 7,917 2,930 255 241 - - 29,318 56,788 Agriculture 26,779 91,466 22,539 101 19,065 2,264 391 74,041 236,648 Forestry - 169 21 - 44 - - 876 1,110 Fishing 10,314 765 - - 70 - 30 580 11,759 Industry 3,892 19,662 5,390 - 759 160 303 10,944 41,109 Mineral resources and mining - 1,933 - 62,092 1,592 - 16 4,254 69,887 Tourism 930 1,328 42 - - - - 987 3,287 Total building productive capacity 93,124 132,323 40,750 63,189 22,509 2,424 740 129,060 484,118

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Aid for Trade 216,119 196,727 56,472 136,572 22,837 2,424 740 264,893 896,784 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


8 Australian Official Development Assistance, Private Sector Development, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Social infrastructure and services

Education 37,908 1,503 1,685 - 310 95 368 6,430 48,299 Health - - - - - - - - - Government and civil society 207,214 79,656 18,843 7,493 392 17 146 50,802 364,563 Other social infrastructure and services 20,336 15,320 8,479 - - - 62 11,950 56,147 Total social infrastructure and services 265,458 96,479 29,007 7,493 702 113 576 69,182 469,010

Economic infrastructure and servicesTransport and storage 76,488 38,307 - 20,084 - - - 58,568 193,447 Communications 23,109 1,604 52 395 138 - - 4,536 29,835 Energy generation and supply 10,084 9,613 6,265 52,552 108 - - 58,655 137,277 Banking and financial services 16,127 7,917 2,930 255 241 - - 29,318 56,788 Business and other services 35,081 9,082 9,828 740 738 - - 8,060 63,530 Total economic infrastructure and services 160,889 66,523 19,075 74,026 1,226 - - 159,137 480,876

Production sectorsAgriculture, forestry and fishing 19,127 60,171 11,646 41 7,355 2,264 342 27,565 128,512 Industry, mining and construction 3,892 21,595 5,390 62,092 2,351 160 319 15,198 110,997 Trade and tourism 8,772 15,763 8,745 352 59 - - 14,861 48,552 Total production sectors 31,790 97,529 25,782 62,486 9,765 2,424 661 57,625 288,061

Other sectors (d) 16,390 4,408 - - 106 - - 55,269 76,173 Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Private Sector 474,528 264,939 73,863 144,005 11,798 2,537 1,237 341,212 1,314,119



(a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.

(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d ) Includes multisector education and training, urban and rural development projects and other multisectors not further defined.


9 Australian Official Development Assistance, Research, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Education 5,898 218 86 - 16 - - 1,775 7,993 Health 3,015 3,049 182 1,182 16 - - 1,720 9,163 Family planning and reproductive health 2,901 201 80 15 - - - - 3,197 Water supply and sanitation - 1,100 3,935 - - - - - 5,035 Government and civil society 1,075 4,147 - - - - - 918 6,140 Conflict prevention and resolution - 200 - 120 - - - 720 1,040 Other social infrastructure and services 861 - - - - - - 321 1,181 Total social infrastructure and services 13,749 8,916 4,282 1,316 32 - - 5,453 33,750

Economic infrastructure and servicesTransport and storage - 116 - 100 - - - - 216 Communications 50 - - - - - - - 50 Energy generation and supply - - - - - - - - - Business, banking and financial services - 345 - - 80 - - 2,000 2,425 Total economic infrastructure and services 50 461 - 100 80 - - 2,000 2,691

Production sectorsAgriculture 19,122 33,703 9,043 - 11,823 - - 34,523 108,214 Forestry and fishing 1,821 427 - - - - - 7 2,255 Industry 60 30 2,143 - - - - 8 2,241 Mining and construction - - - - - - - - - Trade and tourism - - 16 100 - - - 500 616 Total production sectors 21,003 34,160 11,202 100 11,823 - - 35,038 113,326

Environmental protection 5,721 638 - - - - - 102 6,460 Humanitarian assistance - 262 - - - - - 425 687 Other sectors (d) 7,178 16,572 5,983 400 1,369 348 519 951 33,319 Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Research 47,701 61,008 21,467 1,916 13,304 348 519 43,969 190,233

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(d) Includes multisector research, rural development and other multisectors not further defined.


10 Australian Official Development Assistance, Environment, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and


Sub-Saharan Africa (c)


Africa


Caribbean Other (d) Total

Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 General environmental protection

Environmental policy and administrative management 13,925 4,312 - - 106 - - 53,874 72,217

Biodiversity 106 212 - - - - - 858 1,176

Flood Prevention and control - - - - - - - 1,578 1,578

Environmental education and training 240 175 46 - 2,768 - - 48 3,277

Environmental research 5,571 106 - - - - - 50 5,726

Total general environmental protection 19,841 4,805 46 - 2,874 - - 56,407 83,973

Water supply and sanitation

Water resources policy and administrative management 4 6,089 9,389 - 19 2 - 947 16,450

Water resources protection - 106 - - - - - 499 605

River development - - - - - - - 724 724

Other water supply and sanitation 2,649 16,244 969 - 1,784 - - 16,599 38,245

Total water supply and sanitation 2,653 22,439 10,359 - 1,802 2 - 18,770 56,025

Infrastructure and trade

Transport and storage 9,449 11,137 - 395 - - - 17,011 37,992

Industry 295 162 2,485 - 358 - - 1,318 4,618

Urban and rural development 22,499 6,696 6,391 19 1,384 - - 6,820 43,809

Other infrastructure and trade 7,642 6,397 4,524 125 531 - - 20,592 39,811

Total infrastructure and trade 39,885 24,392 13,401 539 2,272 - - 45,742 126,231

Other sectors

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 16,155 15,252 5,005 - 7,031 92 - 13,880 57,416

Government and civil society 26,708 25,169 4,377 - 2,923 131 9 21,838 81,154

Energy generation and supply 8,782 9,392 5,283 3,160 - - - 16,548 43,165

Education 7,116 17,375 3,345 - 1,992 178 236 13,418 43,660

Health 9,977 26,731 19,729 - 3,498 425 - 10,172 70,532

Other (e) 19,362 11,901 4,552 395 8,243 21,000 - 18,963 84,417

Total other sectors 88,101 105,820 42,290 3,555 23,687 21,825 245 94,820 380,342

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Environment 150,480 157,456 66,096 4,094 30,635 21,827 245 215,739 646,572 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).


(a) Environment assistance compiled using Rio markers and OECD DAC markers.

(b) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.



10 Australian Official Development Assistance, Environment, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 (d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(e) Includes humanitarian, mining and mineral resources and other multisectors not further defined.


11 Australian Official Development Assistance, Climate Finance, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and

East Asia

South and West Asia

Other Asia (b)



Africa


CaribbeanOther (b)

(d) Total


Environmental protection

Environmental policy and administrative management 10,668 4,100 - - - - - 44,405 59,173

Environmental research 5,532 68 - - - - - 15 5,615

Bio-diversity - - - - - - - 536 536

Other environmental protection 240 127 - - - - - 776 1,143

Total environmental protection 16,440 4,295 - - - - - 45,732 66,467

Economic infrastructure and services

Transport and storage 20,844 180 - 5,054 - - - 8,848 34,926

Communications - - - - - - - 301 301

Energy generation and supply 8,000 200 2,700 12,842 - - - 7,978 31,720

Business, banking and financial services 1,701 - - - - - - 3,620 5,321

Total economic infrastructure and services 30,545 380 2,700 17,896 - - - 20,748 72,269

Production sectors

Agriculture 102 4,355 2,951 - - - - 8,495 15,902

Forestry and fishing 1,361 - - - - - - 223 1,584

Industry - - - - - - - 622 622

Mining & mineral resources - - - 16,144 - - - 428 16,572

Other production sectors 906 - - - - - - 539 1,445

Total production sectors 2,369 4,355 2,951 16,144 - - - 10,307 36,126

Humanitarian assistance

Disaster prevention and preparedness 6,145 2,298 1,000 - - - - 1,314 10,757

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 90 - - - - - - 364 454

Other humanitarian assistance 82 155 - - - - - 26 263

Total humanitarian assistance 6,317 2,454 1,000 - - - - 1,704 11,473

Education 11,164 1,338 1,114 - 73 - - 5,730 19,420 Other sectors (e) 17,740 2,837 10,318 8,864 - - - 22,365 62,124 Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Climate Finance 84,574 15,659 18,083 42,904 73 - - 106,585 267,880



11 Australian Official Development Assistance, Climate Finance, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and

East Asia

South and West Asia

Other Asia (b)



Africa


CaribbeanOther (b)

(d) Total



(a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes the climate finance portion of core contributions to multilateral organisations, based on OECD DAC imputed shares; sectoral breakdown follows the OECD DAC’s reporting standard, which applies the same sectoral split as for

the entire core contribution. The DAC are currently reviewing their disaggregation for reporting climate finance data. For future presentations, climate finance data will be attributed to the specific sector.(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(e) Includes government and civil society, health, public finance, water and sanitation and other aspects of climate finance.


12 Australian Official Development Assistance, Government and Civil Society, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Government and civil society, general

Public sector policy and administrative management 99,500 49,551 4,442 3,498 46 - 146 22,526 179,710

Public finance management 19,386 15,331 1,208 - - - - 13,618 49,542

Domestic revenue mobilisation 8,631 4,125 6,543 - - - - 4,948 24,247

Election management 3,735 1,581 - - - 23 - 1,687 7,025

Legal and judicial development 88,190 13,913 13,158 3,995 304 17 - 2,751 122,329

Democratic participation and civil society 70,175 17,592 11,268 - 234 1,052 41 6,500 106,860

Human rights 6,103 35,518 2,093 1,172 1,662 443 388 14,095 61,474

Women’s equality organisations and institutions 23,726 8,391 2,455 - 1,579 1,170 - 11,691 49,013

Ending violence against women and girls 15,738 8,108 7,555 50 169 26 126 4,008 35,781

Other government and civil society, general (d) 3,876 1,339 36 - 51 - - 11,911 17,213

Total government and civil society, general 339,060 155,451 48,756 8,715 4,046 2,731 700 93,736 653,195

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 4,871 23,730 9,491 860 30,887 7,001 1,463 9,441 87,745

Other government and civil society (e) 35,637 37,158 13,147 7,775 3,765 376 414 32,091 130,365

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Government and Civil Society

379,568 216,339 71,395 17,350 38,699 10,108 2,578 135,268 871,305






(d) Includes media and free flow of information, legislatures and political parties and decentralisation and support to subnational government.

(e) Includes other basic social and welfare services, institution capacity building, special programmes and other multisectors not further defined.


13 Australian Official Development Assistance, Law and Justice, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Government and civil society

Legal and judicial development 88,190 13,913 13,158 3,995 304 17 - 2,751 122,329 Democratic participation and civil society - - - - - - - - - Other government and civil society (d) 390 747 - - 42 - - 5,795 6,973 Total government and civil society 88,580 14,660 13,158 3,995 346 17 - 8,546 129,302

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and securitySecurity system management and reform 60 20 - - - - - - 80 Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution - 500 - - - - - - 500 Post-conflict peace-building (UN) - - - - - - - - - Total conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 60 520 - - - - - - 580

Other sectorsEducation - - - - - - - - - Other social infrastructure and services - 32 - - - - - - 32 Economic infrastructure and services - 764 - - - - - - 764 Production sectors 179 - - - - - - - 179 Humanitarian assistance - 100 - - - - - - 100 Other sectors (e) 29 102 65 - 14 4 7 - 220 Total other sectors 208 997 65 - 14 4 7 - 1,294

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Law and Justice 88,847 16,178 13,222 3,995 359 22 7 8,546 131,176 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(d) Includes specialised organisations, institutions and frameworks focusing on the prevention of corruption, bribery, money laundering and other aspects of organised crime.(e) Includes professional-level vocational training programs, in-service training, trade related legislation and regulatory reforms and other multisectors not further defined.

14 Australian Official Development Assistance, Gender Equality, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Social infrastructure and services

Education 111,788 51,065 18,222 - 1,744 21,151 217 41,481 245,667



Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Health 78,109 30,152 31,177 - 3,077 425 - 43,568 186,507

Family planning and reproductive health 29,187 11,547 479 1,200 711 - - 32,850 75,975

Water supply and sanitation 2,517 14,017 8,259 1,473 1,802 2 - 49,907 77,977

Government and civil society 194,389 111,533 34,383 3,195 5,943 1,897 782 71,024 423,147

Other social infrastructure and services 20,740 33,878 10,958 88 2,985 - - 13,212 81,861

Total social infrastructure and services 436,729 252,192 103,478 5,956 16,262 23,474 999 252,043 1,091,134


Transport and storage 7,612 10,682 - - - - - 40,404 58,697

Communications 756 781 - - 106 - - 1,450 3,093

Energy generation and supply 782 2,190 - - - - - 36,641 39,613

Banking and financial services 11,567 4,174 2,930 232 241 - - 21,861 41,005

Business and other services 16,462 6,963 8,763 401 689 - - 4,403 37,681

Total economic infrastructure and services 37,178 24,790 11,693 633 1,037 - - 104,759 180,089

Production sectors

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 12,020 36,365 12,369 - 7,031 2,264 - 23,281 93,330

Industry, mining and construction 6,425 20,927 2,932 - 1,795 - - 11,703 43,782

Trade and tourism 5,438 1,699 9,386 - - - - 7,637 24,160

Total production sectors 23,883 58,991 24,687 - 8,826 2,264 - 42,621 161,272

Humanitarian assistance 23,634 30,478 50,750 44 48,150 93,957 1,900 39,192 288,105

Other sectors (e) 98,361 185,145 64,240 358 37,593 1,493 1,640 62,855 451,687

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Gender Equality 619,787 551,596 254,848 6,991 111,868 121,188 4,539 501,470 2,172,286


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.(a) For further details on how Gender Equality data are compiled refer to paragraphs 28 to 31 Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.




Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 (c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(e) Includes multisector education and training, urban and rural development projects and other multisectors not further defined.


15 Australian Official Development Assistance, Disability Inclusion, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Education 12,037 6,330 191 - 471 - - - 19,028

Health 6,609 5,349 10,032 - 130 - - - 22,119

Family planning and reproductive health 82 8,440 - - 16 - - - 8,538

Water supply and sanitation 107 1,693 11 - - - - - 1,811

Government and civil society 3,179 16,439 2,408 843 683 - 307 4,844 28,703

Other social infrastructure and services 947 1,520 32 88 97 - - 516 3,200

Total social infrastructure and services 22,961 39,772 12,672 930 1,397 - 307 5,360 83,400


Transport and storage - - - - - - - - -

Communications 71 231 11 - 32 - - - 346

Energy generation and supply - 32 - - - - - - 32

Banking and financial services 67 37 - - - - - - 104

Business and other services 210 344 64 - 49 - - - 667

Total economic infrastructure and services 348 645 74 - 81 - - - 1,148

Production sectors

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 199 386 64 - 32 - - - 681

Industry, mining and construction 116 101 53 - 49 - - - 319

Trade and tourism 80 102 42 - 32 - - 910 1,165

Total production sectors 395 589 158 - 114 - - 910 2,165

Humanitarian assistance 97 14,172 3,000 - - - - 19 17,288

Other sectors (e) 200 807 5,032 - 16 - - - 6,055

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Disability 24,001 55,984 20,937 930 1,608 - 307 6,289 110,057


15 Australian Official Development Assistance, Disability Inclusion, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Inclusion


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Disability inclusion refers to assistance provided to persons with a disability. Estimates in this table reflect the value of all activities that provide some level of assistance to disabled persons. The level of assistance varies across all

activities with some activities providing principal or significant focus and other activities moderate or minor focus. For further details on how disability inclusion data are compiled refer to paragraphs 17 to 23 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

(b) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(e) Includes multisector education and training, seminars and other multisectors not further defined.


16 Australian Official Development Assistance, Education, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa



Type of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Basic education

Primary education 27,704 27,969 15,177 - 232 21,032 47 25,652 117,814 Early childhood education 1,745 1,665 - - 164 192 - 704 4,471 Basic life skills for youth and adults 1,581 2,887 366 - 685 - 13 587 6,120 Total basic education 31,030 32,521 15,543 - 1,082 21,225 61 26,943 128,405

Secondary educationSecondary education 2,672 322 177 - 66 25 22 6,555 9,839 Vocational education 11,561 1,034 1,519 - 227 95 368 6,331 21,135 Total secondary education 14,234 1,356 1,695 - 293 121 390 12,886 30,975

Post-secondary educationHigher education 22,034 1,166 11 - 230 - - 4,275 27,716 Advanced technical and managerial training 26,346 470 167 - 83 - - 99 27,164 Total post-secondary education 48,380 1,636 177 - 313 - - 4,374 54,880

Other educationEducation policy and administrative management 25,205 31,009 4,655 35 681 - 210 12,496 74,291 Education facilities and training 21,273 8,214 278 50 1,422 131 14 931 32,314 Teacher training 1,023 8,837 557 - 61 - - 560 11,037 Education research 21 192 86 - 16 - - 1,737 2,052 Total other education 47,522 48,253 5,575 85 2,180 131 223 15,724 119,694

Multisector education and training (d) 70,201 161,553 38,117 41 34,152 1,695 1,729 1,911 309,399 Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Education 211,366 245,318 61,108 126 38,020 23,172 2,403 61,838 643,352


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.

(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d) Includes scholarships.


17 Australian Official Development Assistance, Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Leadership and capacity building in health service delivery

Medical education and training 540 745 357 - 131 - - 95 1,868

Medical research 11 288 182 1,000 16 - - 220 1,716

Medical services 4,939 621 935 - 757 271 127 1,022 8,672

Health policy and management 62,607 2,293 1,293 586 32 - 27 28,441 95,280

Total leadership and capacity building in health service delivery

68,096 3,947 2,767 1,586 936 271 154 29,778 107,536

Disease control and preventable impairments

Primary health care 20,796 22,680 9,948 - 2,099 548 197 13,398 69,665

Health infrastructure 19,662 214 93 - 614 68 - 771 21,422

Nutrition 2,159 5,345 19,662 - 369 - 55 2,898 30,487

Infectious disease control 7,641 5,863 2,200 1,610 992 - - 85,005 103,310

Malaria control 653 274 - 2,283 - - - 24,892 28,103

Tuberculosis control 545 440 - - 35 - - 24,876 25,896

Public health education programs 5,728 2,028 638 277 349 - - 408 9,428

Other basic health 3,228 3,012 73 - 166 - 39 149 6,668

Total disease control and preventable impairments 60,413 39,855 32,614 4,170 4,624 616 291 152,396 294,979

Family planning and reproductive health (d)

Reproductive health care 10,463 12,616 79 600 - 32 - 11,892 35,683

Family planning 4,810 1,257 400 600 - - - 3,665 10,732

Sexually transmitted disease control 14,929 6,635 - 74 161 83 14 24,223 46,118

Other population and health 469 295 400 - 572 - - 1,140 2,877

Total family planning and reproductive health 30,671 20,804 879 1,274 733 116 14 40,920 95,411

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Health 159,180 64,606 36,261 7,029 6,293 1,003 459 223,095 497,926

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.



17 Australian Official Development Assistance, Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(c) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d) Family planning and reproductive health data presented in this table has been compiled using DAC sectors which differs from the methodology agreed at the 2012 London Family Planning Summit for tracking family planning expenditure. For data compiled using the Summit Methodology, see in Table 19, page 35.


18 Australian Official Development Assistance, Maternal and Child Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




Leadership and capacity building in health service delivery

Medical education and training - - - - - - - - -

Medical research - 75 - - - - - - 75

Medical services 2,292 - - - - - - - 2,292

Health policy and management 10,956 - 253 253 - - - 3,119 14,582

Total leadership and capacity building in health service delivery 13,248 75 253 253 - - - 3,119 16,948

Disease control and preventable impairments

Primary health care 14,677 2,781 3,677 - - - - - 21,136

Health infrastructure 2,275 9 - - - - - - 2,283

Nutrition - 93 6,750 - - - - 80 6,923

Infectious disease control (e) 1,008 - 550 - - - - 39,714 41,272

Public health education programs - 145 - - - - - - 145

Other basic health - - - - - - - - -

Total disease control and preventable impairments 17,960 3,028 10,977 - - - - 39,794 71,759

Family planning and reproductive health (f)

Reproductive health care 5,443 2,640 - 450 - - - 9,851 18,383

Family planning 2,235 1,098 400 450 - - - 2,700 6,883

Sexually transmitted disease control 13,835 - - - - - - 104 13,939

Other population and health 157 104 - - - - - - 261

Total family planning and reproductive health 21,670 3,842 400 900 - - - 12,655 39,467

Other 31,626 5,802 24,577 - 164 20,135 - 5,554 87,858

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Maternal and Child Health

84,505 12,746 36,207 1,153 164 20,135 - 61,121 216,033


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Maternal and child health (MCH) data has been compiled using a MCH marker.

(b) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(c) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.

(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(e) Includes Tuberculosis and Malaria control.


18 Australian Official Development Assistance, Maternal and Child Health, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa




(f) Family planning and reproductive health data presented in this table reflects investments presented in table 17 and 19 that specifically target maternal and child health.


19 Supplementary Table: Australian Official Development Assistance, Family Planning based on the 2012 London Family Planning Summit Methodology, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa


Caribbean Other (d) TotalType of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Health policy and administrative management 3,130 115 65 29 2 - 1 1,422 4,764

Medical education and training 27 37 18 - 7 - - 5 93

Medical services 247 31 47 - 38 14 6 51 434

Basic health care 1,040 1,134 497 - 105 27 10 670 3,483

Basic health infrastructure 983 11 5 - 31 3 - 39 1,071

Health education 286 101 32 14 17 - - 20 471

Health personnel development 161 151 4 - 8 - 2 7 333

Population policy and administrative management 20 12 20 - 18 - - 54 124

Reproductive health care 2,093 2,523 16 120 - 6 - 2,378 7,137

Family planning 4,810 1,257 400 600 - - - 3,665 10,732

STD control including HIV/AIDS 707 321 - 4 8 1 1 1,206 2,248

Personnel development for population and reproductive health 4 2 - - 10 - - 3 20

General budget support 15 - 45 - - - - 1 62

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Family Planning 13,522 5,696 1,148 767 244 52 20 9,522 30,972



(a) Family Planning data are presented in this table using the methodology agreed at the 2012 London Family Planning Summit. This narrower targeted focus differs from the standard reporting approach for presenting family planning and reproductive health program data using OECD DAC sectors presented in Table 17. For further detail on the methodology refer to paragraph 27 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.



(d) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


20 Australian Official Development Assistance, Nutrition, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)(c)

Pacific

South-East and


Sub-Saharan Africa (d)


Africa


Caribbean Other (e) TotalType of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Leadership and capacity building in health service deliveryMedical education and training - - - - - - - - -

Health policy and management 4,169 125 203 477 - - - 1,555 6,529

Total leadership and capacity building in health service delivery

4,169 125 203 477 - - - 1,555 6,529

Disease control and preventable impairmentsPrimary health care 528 - 2,942 - - - - 434 3,904

Nutrition (f) 2,148 5,308 14,659 - 369 - 55 2,898 25,437

Public health education programs 259 143 - - - - - 33 435

Reproductive health care 365 828 - 300 - - - 384 1,878

Total other health 3,300 6,280 17,601 300 369 - 55 3,749 31,654

Social infrastructure and servicesEducation 56 - 3,187 - - - - 500 3,743

Water supply and sanitation 67 72 - - 246 (1) (g) - 3,055 3,439

Social and welfare services - 124 - 37 - - - 420 581

Total social infrastructure and services 123 196 3,187 37 246 (1) (g) - 3,975 7,763

Humanitarian AssistanceEmergency food aid - 613 5,805 - 19,025 9,675 300 11 35,429

Other humanitarian assistance 85 547 1,588 - 4,663 3,042 - 635 10,559

Total humanitarian assistance 85 1,160 7,393 - 23,688 12,717 300 646 45,988

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 738 2,109 2,585 - 1,094 - - 1,720 8,247 Food aid and food security 2,131 634 15,800 - 1,000 - - 75 19,640 Other (h) - 54 192 - 27 - - - 273 Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Nutrition 10,546 10,558 46,960 814 26,424 12,716 355 11,721 120,094


Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Nutrition expenditure presented in this table reflects investments identified as ‘nutrition specific’ or ‘nutrition sensitive’ based on the Scaling Up Nutrition methodology.

(b) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(c) For further details on how nutrition data presented in this publication has been compiled refer to paragraph 46 and 47 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

(d) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.(e) Includes global programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


20 Australian Official Development Assistance, Nutrition, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)(b)(c)

Pacific

South-East and


Sub-Saharan Africa (d)


Africa


Caribbean Other (e) TotalType of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

(f) These investments relate to direct nutrition specific feeding programmes for maternal feeding, breastfeeding and weaning foods, child feeding and school feeding.

(g) For further details on negative flows refer to paragraphs 40 and 41 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions. (h) Other includes multisector aid not further defined.


21 Australian Official Development Assistance, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and




Africa


Caribbean Other (c) TotalType of assistance $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Water resources policy and management

Water sector policy and administrative management 839 8,045 13,707 13,233 19 2 - 23,144 58,988

Water resources conservation (including data collection) 9 145 46 - 20 - 1 2,018 2,239

Total water resources policy and management 848 8,190 13,753 13,233 38 3 1 25,162 61,227

Water supply and sanitation systems, urban 244 31,746 250 7,444 - 32 - 10,770 50,486 Water supply and sanitation systems, rural 4,246 13,890 1,095 - 2,488 19 364 25,661 47,762 Other water supply and sanitation

River basins’ development - - - - - - - 1,343 1,343

Waste management/disposal 37 39 38 7,444 - 30 132 2,112 9,832

Education and training in water supply and sanitation 29 104 25 - - - - 12 170

Total other water supply and sanitation 66 143 63 7,444 - 30 132 3,467 11,345

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

5,403 53,969 15,161 28,121 2,526 84 496 65,060 170,821


(a) Type of assistance based on OECD DAC sectors.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.



22 Australian Official Development Assistance, Humanitarian and Disaster Response, Type of Assistance by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific

South-East and

East Asia

South and West Asia Other Asia



Africa




Emergency response

Material relief assistance 14,976 10,989 57,139 - 30,684 105,555 1,657 33,642 254,641

Emergency food aid - 817 7,747 - 26,700 12,900 400 597 49,162

Relief co-ordination and support services 1,356 14,402 1,041 44 - 3,677 - 33,122 53,642

Total emergency response 16,331 26,208 65,928 44 57,384 122,131 2,057 67,362 357,444

Other humanitarian assistance

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 716 400 3,095 - - 5,000 102 2,651 11,963

Disaster prevention and preparedness 16,200 10,704 3,122 - - 500 - 9,215 39,741

Refugees in donor countries - - - - - - - - -

Land mine clearance - 2,244 550 - 64 4,000 6 1,619 8,483

Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution 2,947 19,076 266 600 2,182 521 130 5,822 31,545

Participation in international peacekeeping operations 98 130 8,674 260 28,641 2,480 1,328 224 41,834

Reintegration and Small Arms Light Weapons control 151 - - - - - - 959 1,110

Child soldiers prevention and demobilisation - - - - - - - 57 57

Total other humanitarian assistance 20,112 32,554 15,707 860 30,887 12,501 1,565 20,547 134,732

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Humanitarian and Disaster Response

36,443 58,762 81,635 904 88,271 134,632 3,622 87,909 492,177







23 Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term Australia Awards, Field of Study by Region of Benefit, Number of Students by Gender, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific (b)

South-East and


Sub-Saharan Africa


Africa


Caribbean Other Total

Field of study no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. Female students

Natural and physical sciences 77 85 13 - 17 - 4 - 196

Information technology 25 24 7 - 1 - - - 57

Engineering and related technologies 50 50 14 - 4 - - - 118

Architecture and building 8 30 6 - 2 - - - 46

Agriculture and environmental studies 47 128 19 - 38 3 5 - 240

Health 540 164 23 - 50 1 - - 778

Education 140 111 25 - 7 - 1 - 284

Management and commerce 123 270 44 - 13 1 2 - 453

Society and culture 188 443 107 - 45 6 5 - 794

Other field of study (c) 13 41 4 - - - - - 58

Total female students 1,211 1,346 262 - 177 11 17 - 3,024

Male students


Information technology 38 51 13 - 1 1 - - 104

Engineering and related technologies 80 103 34 - 31 - 1 - 249

Architecture and building 18 22 4 - 1 - 1 - 46

Agriculture and environmental studies 29 111 29 - 54 2 - - 225

Health 269 64 12 - 24 - - - 369

Education 85 85 13 - 5 - - - 188

Management and commerce 111 272 47 - 20 3 - - 453

Society and culture 99 374 91 - 35 9 2 - 610

Other field of study (c) 9 31 2 - 1 - - - 43

Total male students 780 1,186 260 - 201 15 5 - 2,447

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).(a) Partner region determined by citizenship of student.


23 Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term Australia Awards, Field of Study by Region of Benefit, Number of Students by Gender, 2017–18 (a)

Pacific (b)

South-East and


Sub-Saharan Africa


Africa


Caribbean Other Total

Field of study no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. (b) Includes DFAT managed Australia Awards Scholarships (AAS scheme-in Australia) and Australia Awards Pacific Scholarships (AAPS scheme-in Pacific)(c) Other field of study include creative arts (communications, journalism, media studies and designs), tourism and hospitality and mixed field programmes.

Total Students (c)


Information technology 63 75 20 - 2 1 - - 161

Engineering and related technologies 130 153 48 - 35 - 1 - 367

Architecture and building 26 52 10 - 3 - 1 - 92

Agriculture and environmental studies 76 239 48 - 92 5 5 - 465

Health 809 228 35 - 74 1 - - 1,147

Education 225 196 38 - 12 - 1 - 472

Management and commerce 234 542 91 - 33 4 2 - 906

Society and culture 287 818 198 - 80 15 7 - 1,405

Other field of study (d) 22 72 6 - 1 - - - 101

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term Australia Awards

1,992 2,533 522 - 378 26 22 - 5,473


(a) Partner region determined by citizenship of student.

(b) Includes DFAT managed Australia Awards Scholarships (AAS scheme-in Australia) and Australia Awards Pacific Scholarships (AAPS scheme-in Pacific)

(c) Total number of students may not reflect the sum of specific genders due to students not identifying as male or female.

(d) Other field of study include creative arts (communications, journalism, media studies and designs), tourism and hospitality and mixed field programmes.


People to People Link Tables


24 Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term and Short-term Australia Awards, Partner Country by Number of Students, 2018 (a)(b)

Long Term Short-Term

Partner Country no. no.

Papua New Guinea 290 139 Pacific Island Countries

Cook Islands - - Federated States of Micronesia 13 - Fiji 71 53 Kiribati 38 17 Marshall Islands - - Nauru 18 - Niue - - Palau - - Samoa 50 1 Solomon Islands 42 14 Tokelau - - Tonga 35 22 Tuvalu 18 - Vanuatu 22 32 Wallis and Futuna 1 - Total Pacific Island Countries 308 139

South-East and East AsiaCambodia 50 76 China - 5 Indonesia 300 537 Laos 30 30 Malaysia - 7 Mongolia 40 19 Myanmar 51 30 Philippines 90 47 Thailand - - Timor-Leste 18 20 Vietnam 60 302 Total South-East and East Asia 639 1,073

South and West AsiaAfghanistan - - Bangladesh 70 131 Bhutan 28 103 India - 77 Maldives 10 42 Nepal 26 70 Pakistan 47 85 Sri Lanka 30 177 Total South and West Asia 211 685

Sub-Saharan Africa 155 319 Middle East and North Africa (c) 10 21 Latin America and the Caribbean - 35

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Long-term and Short-term Australia Awards 1,613 2,411

“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).(a) Partner region determined by citizenship of student.

(b) Refers to scholarships offered in Calendar Year 2018.(c) Includes the Palestinian Territories


25 Australian Official Development Assistance, Volunteers Program, Partner Country by Number of Volunteers (a)

2016-17 2017-18

Partner Country no. no.Papua New Guinea 65 51Pacific Island Countries

Federated States of Micronesia 9 10 Fiji 102 88 Kiribati 23 14 Marshall Islands 6 6 Palau 1 2 Samoa 45 30 Solomon Islands 86 79 Tonga 38 29 Tuvalu 1 8 Vanuatu 96 85 Total Pacific Island Countries 407 351

South-East and East AsiaCambodia 78 70 Indonesia 168 173 Laos 47 41 Mongolia 39 32 Myanmar 76 68 Philippines 40 38 Thailand - - Timor-Leste 61 54 Vietnam 77 62 Total South-East and East Asia 586 538

South and West AsiaBangladesh - - Bhutan 24 25 Maldives - - Nepal 31 24 Sri Lanka 31 13 Total South and West Asia 86 62

Sub-Saharan AfricaBotswana - - Ethiopia - - Ghana - - Kenya - - Lesotho - 3 Malawi - - Namibia - - South Africa 42 53 Swaziland 1 3 Tanzania 25 36 Uganda - - Zambia - - Total Sub-Saharan Africa 68 95

Middle East and North Africa - - Latin America and the Caribbean - -

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Volunteers Program 1,212 1,097


(a) Includes all Australian Volunteers planned to be on assignment in each country in each financial year. It includes both new assignments and assignments carried over from the previous year.


2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

and Development Assistance Committee Special Tables


2030 Agenda for Sustainable DevelopmentAustralia’s sustainable development expenditure reflects official sector interactions that support sustainable economic and social development. It draws on a series of inward and outward interactions that promote economic growth and poverty reduction. Interactions encompass both the Australian aid program, specifically Official Development Assistance (ODA), but also other official sustainable development interventions that promote stability and social coherence, and private sector-led growth.

The concepts, sources and methods for compiling Australia’s official support for sustainable development adhere to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee’s (DAC) guidelines on ODA and Other Official Flows (OOF), but also take into account the new international standards for reporting on Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD). This new measure is still under development but its relationship with ODA and OOF is illustrated in Figure 12: Total Official Support for Sustainable Development.

Figure 12: Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (a)

(a) All activities must be attributable to a sustainable development goal in order to be reported as TOSSD.

Since the measurement of ODA was first considered in 1961, and officially defined in 1969, the ODA definition has basically remained the same, however, the DAC has continuously refined the detailed ODA reporting guidelines to ensure fidelity to the definition and the greatest possible consistency among donors.

ODA is the constant measure, used by DAC members, development multilateral organisations, development finance institutions and civil society organisations, to quantify resource flows to developing countries in practically all targets and assessments of DAC members’ aid performance. However, from 2014 the DAC has been working with the international community to develop a new broader international statistical standard that encompasses all official support that contributes to sustainable development.


This new framework has been designed to monitor resources invested to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), termed TOSSD.

A fundamental principle of TOSSD is the linkage to sustainable development goals.

TOSSD will enable the international community to

i. monitor resources supporting the SDGs above and beyond ODA, including private resources that are mobilised through official means; and

ii. track the international support for development enablers and global challenges.

The term ‘development enabler’ was first considered when the DAC were developing the SDG agenda, in response to the limitations to the Millennium Development Goals. (Noting: the SDG agenda currently resides with the United Nations, following world-wide consensus at the Addis Ababa Action Agenda).

The term ‘development enablers’ was used by the DAC to reflect expenses which supported long term stability and contributed to sustainable development. They comprise a wide range of policies and actions across four interdependent dimensions of sustainable development4 (which do not meet the strict ODA criteria):

i. Inclusive economic development;

ii. Inclusive social development;

iii. Environmental sustainability; and

iv. Peace and security.

Figure 13: Development Enablers Underpinning the SDGs

Inclusive economic development

Inclusive social development

Environmental sustainability Peace and security

• Fair and stable global trading system

• Adequate financing for development and stable financial system

• Affordable access to technology and knowledge

• Providing sustainable energy

• Sustainable food and nutrition security

• Universal access to quality health care

• Universal access to quality education

• Inclusive social protection

• Sustainable use of natural resources (climate, oceans, biodiversity) and management of waste

• Managing disaster risk and improving disaster response

• Democratic and coherent global mechanisms

• Good governance practices based on the rule of law

• Conflict prevention and mediation

• Human rights protection

Source: Developing the TOSSD framework: measuring collective actions supporting sustainable development, DAC Lisbon TOSSD Expert Workshop, 19-20 September 2016.

Under this new and developing TOSSD framework, ODA remains constant (considered as a subset under the broader sustainable development agenda) however now includes broader support where:

i. development does not necessarily need to be the primary objective for supporting the activity and can be combined with other objectives; and

ii. mutually beneficial activities that benefit the provider and recipient country can be included.

TOSSD is defined as all official resource flows that promote sustainable development at developing country, regional and global levels, including those resources that support development enablers or address global challenges.

TOSSD breaks new ground in measuring support regarding governance (justice, institutions, voice and decision making) and peace and the rule of law (stopping crime, human trafficking and abuse, corruption, etc), sectors where international statistical definitions and parameters are unclear or taking shape.

4 Realizing a future we want for all, United Nations, June 2012.


In their infancy, the sustainable development statistics are being developed in a ‘phased approach’, in a coherent structure to facilitate their use and adaptation for purposes such as policy formulation, analytical studies, projections, bilateral comparisons, and regional and global aggregations.

At present, the DAC is working with the international aid community to develop standards, classifications and to harmonise concepts and definitions on private sector mobilisation, part of the Inclusive Economic development enabler category.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can cut across multiple goals and are not mutually exclusive. Data presented in this publication reflects the aid investments’ primary goal intent and is not reflective of Australia’s total ODA contribution to sustainable development. For further information about the Sustainable Development Goals refer to paragraphs 56 and 57 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

Private Finance Mobilised by Official Development Finance InterventionsAs part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development the DAC has been working to establish an international standard for measuring the volume of private finance mobilised by official development finance interventions. This work is carried out jointly with the OECD-led Research Collaborative on Tracking Private Climate Finance, and in close consultation with multilateral and bilateral development finance institutions.

Data collection on amounts mobilised has been implemented in the regular DAC statistical system, starting with five instruments: guarantees, syndicated loans, collective investment vehicles (CIVs), direct investment in companies (DICs) and credit lines. Methodological work is ongoing to expand the scope of the measure with new approaches having been developed for two additional mechanisms: standards grants and loans in simple co-financing arrangements, and project finance schemes. The objectives for current reporting are three-fold:

i. pilot the new methodologies developed for standards grants and loans in simple co-financing arrangements and project finance schemes;

ii. complement data on amounts mobilised through direct investment in companies and credit lines; and

iii. test the feasibility of capturing the mobilisation effect of contributions to specific funds and facilities.

Details on Australia’s reporting on amounts mobilised from the private sector are presented in Table 29. As this measure includes private funds it is not included in ODA but reported as a separate and additional measure.


Australian Official Development Assistance 2030 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals, Primary Intent, 2017-18


26 Australian Official Development Assistance, 2030 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals, Primary Intent (a)

2016-17 2017-18

Sustainable Development Goal $’000 $’000

1 No poverty 341,023 411,131

2 Zero hunger 369,058 369,814

3 Good health and well-being 378,437 483,391

4 Quality education (b) 676,242 642,823

5 Gender equality 139,046 155,598

6 Clean water and sanitation 141,124 144,427

7 Affordable and clean energy 81,026 87,885

8 Decent work and economic growth 144,374 122,417

9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure 338,759 317,117

10 Reduced inequalities 113,026 104,668

11 Sustainable cities and communities 175,073 161,790

12 Responsible consumption and production 13,868 8,770

13 Climate action 99,569 85,157

14 Life below water 1,390 2,381

15 Life on land 5,263 4,587

16 Peace, justice and strong institutions 546,757 562,665

17 Partnerships for the goals 177,265 159,868

Not further defined (c) 289,352 257,838

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 4,030,654 4,082,328 Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.

(a) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can cut across multiple goals and are not mutually exclusive. Data presented in this table reflects the aid investments’ primary intent and is not reflective of Australia’s total ODA contribution to sustainable development. For further information about the SDGs refer to paragraphs 56 and 57 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.

(b) Includes scholarships.

(C) Includes regional and global programs (including payments to multilateral organisations), departmental and other administrative expenses that cannot be attributed to a Sustainable Development Goal.


27 Australian Official Development Assistance, 2030 Agenda: Sustainable Development Goals, Primary Intent by Region of Benefit, 2017–18 (a)Papua New Guinea

and Pacific Island Countries East Asia

South and West Asia

Other Asia (b)



Africa



Sustainable Development Goal $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000

1 No poverty 56,093 73,314 56,042 1,368 34,085 110,039 2,310 77,880 411,131 2 Zero hunger 35,628 96,849 66,776 101 50,809 20,164 841 98,646 369,814

3 Good health and well-being 156,295 63,345 34,036 7,029 6,218 1,060 503 214,903 483,391

4 Quality education (d) 211,062 245,272 61,108 76 37,885 23,155 2,403 61,862 642,823

5 Gender equality 45,208 50,633 17,622 50 1,782 1,248 187 38,869 155,598

6 Clean water and sanitation 5,426 54,025 15,161 1,524 2,661 69 496 65,065 144,427

7 Affordable and clean energy 10,084 9,613 6,265 3,160 108 - - 58,655 87,885

8 Decent work and economic growth 53,226 23,888 16,881 502 1,269 170 315 26,166 122,417

9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure 104,377 41,759 - 166,055 - - - 4,925 317,117

10 Reduced inequalities 54,308 32,928 1,078 257 311 23 - 15,763 104,668

11 Sustainable cities and communities 34,072 17,190 21,326 19 1,384 45 84 87,670 161,790

12 Responsible consumption and production 604 2,093 - - 1,651 - 16 4,406 8,770

13 Climate action 17,746 3,589 46 - 2,848 - 71 60,856 85,157

14 Life below water 843 765 - - 70 - 30 673 2,381

15 Life on land 168 486 51 - - - 37 3,845 4,587

16 Peace, justice and strong institutions 254,689 130,890 40,105 8,680 32,682 8,449 1,650 85,520 562,665

17 Partnerships for the goals 48,852 18,955 23,009 933 755 500 - 66,864 159,868

Not further defined (e) 18,530 10,560 1,964 - - - - 226,784 257,838

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 1,107,212 876,156 361,473 189,754 174,517 164,921 8,944 1,199,352 4,082,328 “ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).

Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. (a) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can cut across multiple goals and are not mutually exclusive. Data presented in this table reflects the aid investments’ primary intent and is not reflective of Australia’s total ODA contribution to

sustainable development. For further information about the SDGs refer to paragraphs 56 and 57 of Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions.(b) Includes regional programs that cannot be disaggregated to a lower geographic level.


(d) Includes scholarships.

(e) Includes regional and global programs (including payments to multilateral organisations), departmental and other administrative expenses that cannot be attributed to a Sustainable Development Goal.


28 Australian Official Development Assistance by Development Assistance Committee Sectors2016-17 2017-18

DAC sector $’000 $’000Social infrastructure and services

EducationPrimary and early childhood 135,413 128,405Secondary education 34,175 30,975Post-secondary education 54,233 54,880Education policy administration, training and research 140,042 119,694Scholarships 308,722 309,399Total education 672,585 643,352

HealthLeadership and capacity building health service delivery 82,347 107,536Disease control and preventable impairments 227,361 294,979Total health 309,708 402,516

Family planning and reproductive health (a) 81,374 94,253Improving water supply and sanitation 168,643 170,821Government and civil society

Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security 70,896 87,745Government and civil society general 679,559 653,195Total government and civil society 750,455 740,940

Other social infrastructure and services 111,358 130,365Total social infrastructure and services 2,094,123 2,182,247

Economic infrastructure and servicesTransport and storage 236,604 193,447Communications 12,093 29,835Energy generation and supply 131,183 137,277Banking and financial services 80,078 56,788Business and other services 70,350 63,530Total economic infrastructure and services 530,307 480,876

Production sectorsAgriculture, forestry and fishing

Agriculture 232,875 236,648Forestry 1,204 1,110Fishing 11,687 11,759Total agriculture, forestry and fishing 245,766 249,517

Industry, mining and constructionIndustry 36,240 41,109Mineral resources and mining 76,150 69,887Construction 387 5,441Total industry, mining and construction 112,778 116,438

Trade and tourismTrade 46,651 52,108Tourism 2,694 3,287Total trade and tourism 49,345 55,395

Total production sectors 407,888 421,349Due to rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals.

(a) Includes social mitigation of HIV/AIDS.

Multisector

General environment protection 104,625 94,549

General budget support 5,419 6,153

Other multisector (a) 216,971 179,827

Total multisector 327,015 280,529


28 Australian Official Development Assistance by Development Assistance Committee Sectors2016-17 2017-18

DAC sector $’000 $’000Commodity aid and general program assistance

Development food aid and food security assistance 27,679 33,875

Other general program and commodity assistance - -

Total commodity aid and general program assistance 27,679 33,875

Humanitarian assistance

Emergency response 321,675 357,444

Reconstruction relief and rehabilitation 9,740 11,963

Disaster prevention and preparedness 33,014 39,741

Total humanitarian assistance 364,430 409,148

Action relating to debt 26,858 16,000

Administrative costs of donors 252,350 258,246

Refugees in donor countries - -

Promotion of development awareness 4 58

Total Australian Official Development Assistance 4,030,654 4,082,328“ - “ denotes nil or rounded to zero (including null cells).


(a) Includes urban development and management, rural development, non-agricultural alternative development, research and other sectors not further specified.


29 Australian Official Development Assistance: Amounts Mobilised from the Private Sector by Official Development Finance Investments

2016 2017Sector/Program Country $’000 $’000

Business support services and institutions

Buisness Partnership Platform Global Unspecified 5,927 6,866

Total business support services and institutions 5,927 6,866

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development

Investing in Women Indonesia - 1,502

Pacific Tourism Development Papua New Guinea - 12

Pacific Tourism Development Vanuatu - 12

Total Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development - 1,526

Total Australian Official Development Assistance, Amounts Mobilised from the Private Sector by Official Development Finance Investments

5,927 8,392



Appendices


Appendix 1: Explanatory Notes

Australia’s Official Support to Developing Countries

1. Australia’s Official Development Assistance: Statistical Summary, 2017-18, incorporates total Official Development Assistance (ODA) across the Australian public sector.

This report presents statistical details of Australia’s development cooperation with partner countries, multilateral and bilateral development agencies, civil society organisations and the private sector. It provides a range of information at the aggregate level on where Australia’s aid program was delivered and the type of aid delivered.

2. The statistical data in this publication are based on data extracted in October 2018.

Official Development Assistance (ODA)

3. Australia’s Official Development Assistance: Statistical Summary, 2017-18 complies with official development assistance as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—Development Assistance Committee (OECD DAC). Refer to ODA in Appendix 2: Concepts and definitions for further details.

Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Primary Purpose Classification

4. Australia’s aid program has been classified according to the DAC Primary Purpose classification. As stated by the DAC this classification has been ‘specifically developed to track aid flows and to permit measuring the share of each sector (e.g. health, energy, agriculture) or other purpose category “non-sector allocable aid” (e.g. general budget support, humanitarian aid) in total aid. The sector of destination is assigned by answering the question:

“Which specific area of the recipient’s economic and social structure is the transfer intended to foster”.5

Comparability with other donor countries

5. To facilitate comparability between donor countries, Australia annually reports its development assistance to the OECD DAC. This statistical information is reported at the investment level, presented on a calendar year basis and converted to United States dollars (USD).

6. This information can be accessed through the DAC’s web site at <http://www.oecd.org/dac>.

7. Statistics in this publication are stated in Australian dollars and reported on an Australian financial year basis, unless otherwise specified. This may restrict, in some instances, a direct comparison between Australia’s development cooperation and that of other donor countries.

Accrual accounting in the aid program

8. The Australian Government moved to an accrual accounting framework in 1999–2000. As part of that framework, all Australian Government expenditure, is calculated on an expenses basis for internal government budgeting and expenditure purposes.

9. Refer to Accruals accounting in Appendix 2: Concepts and definitions for further details.

Rounding 10. Discrepancies may occur between totals in this publication, the same totals in other sources and the sum of component items due to rounding.

Further information 11 Further information about these and related statistics, including time series data, are available from the DFAT website <www.dfat.gov.au> or directly from the ODA Reporting and Statistics Section at <[email protected]>.

5 2018 OECD DAC, Purpose Codes


Appendix 2: Concepts and Definitions

Accrual accounting 1. Accrual accounting refers to an accounting method that records financial transactions when they are incurred regardless of when cash is exchanged, that is it records flows at the time the economic value is created, transformed, exchanged, transferred or extinguished.

2. Following accrual accounting principles:

a. flows involving change of ownership are recorded when ownership changes;

b. services are recorded when provided; and

c. distributive transactions are recorded as amounts payable accumulate.

3. Accrual recording ensures that activities are recorded consistently and without distortion from leads and lags in accompanying cash flows. The Australian Government moved to an accrual accounting framework in 1999-2000.

NOTE: ODA is reported on a cash basis. DFAT applies an adjustment to these transactions to report transactions when they occurred. An exception is made for core payments to multilateral organisations which are recorded at the time the payment is made by DFAT to the multilateral organisations, that is these payments are recorded on a cash basis.

Australian aid programs

4. The Australian aid program is delivered through a number of programs, which are the major managerial, administrative and accounting frameworks within which these Australian Government aid funds are deployed. There are three main types of aid delivery programs: Country Programs, Regional Programs and Global Programs.

Cash payments 5. ODA is measured in terms of cash payments in a given time period, rather than expenses incurred over that period. Thus, for ODA statistics, some expenditure data needs to be adjusted from the expenses basis used in Australian Government financial records to a cash basis.

6. In particular, adjustments from expenses to cash are required in relation to expenditure to meet major multi-year liabilities such as commitments to the Asian Development Fund and International Development Association. For each financial year, these adjustments exclude the expenses recorded in relation to those commitments, but include the cash paid under those commitments in that year.

7. Adjustments are also made for such items as movements in creditors and depreciation.

Climate change marker

8. The climate change marker tracks aid in support of climate change adaptation.

9. The climate change marker indicates policy objectives in relation to each aid activity. A principal objective (mitigation or adaptation) score is given when promoting the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In other words, the activity would not have been funded but for that objective. Activities marked “significant” have other prime objectives, but have been formulated or adjusted to help meet climate concerns.

10. The markers allow an approximate quantification of aid flows that target climate objectives. In marker data presentations the figures for principal and significant objectives should be shown separately and the sum referred to as the “estimate” or “upper bound” of climate-change-related aid.

11. For further details refer to Handbook on the OECD-DAC climate markers, Paris: OECD, September 2011.

Co-financing 12. An arrangement under which a development activity is funded jointly by the Australian Government and a development organisation outside Australia, such as the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Core payments 13. The provision of donor funds to a development organisation without specific conditions as to the use of those funds, so that the organisation can use them for any development purpose within its


mandate. The funds become part of the general financial reserves of the organisation. See also Non-core payments.

Country programs 14. The Australian aid program has a separate country program for each major partner country, which is planned and implemented jointly with the partner government. Each country program consists of an integrated package of mutually agreed activities, developed and implemented under an agreed country strategy.

Departmental expenditure

15. For any Australian Government department or agency, departmental expenditure refers to the costs of operating the organisation concerned. Departmental expenditure in the Australian aid program includes such costs as salaries, equipment costs, rent and other running expenses of the government agency responsible for administering international development cooperation.

Development Assistance Committee (DAC)

16. The main committee of the OECD on aid matters, and a key forum of major bilateral donors. The key functions of the DAC are to:

a. adopt authoritative policy guidance for DAC members;

b. conduct periodic reviews of its Members’ development cooperation programs;

c. provide a forum for dialogue, exchange and the building of international consensus on aid-related policy and management issues of interest to Members; and

d. publish statistics and reports on aid and other resource flows to developing countries and related matters, based principally on reporting by Members.

Disability inclusion 17. Disability inclusion refers to Australian aid that provides support to people with disability to improve the quality of their lives by promoting and improving access to the same opportunities for participation, contribution, decision making, and social and economic well-being as others. Australia’s disability inclusion strategy is set out in Development for all 2015 - 2020: Strategy for strengthening disability-inclusive development in Australia’s aid program, May 2015.

18. The ‘Development for all’ strategy primarily focuses on people with a disability and identifies the following priorities:

a. comprehensive support for partner governments’ efforts towards disability-inclusive development;

b. focus on promoting and facilitating better access to education and to infrastructure for people with disability across the aid program;

c. capacity development of Disabled Peoples’ Organisations;

d. fostering initiatives through a range of support programs such as volunteers, NGO agreements, research, leadership awards and scholarships, sports and small grants; and

e. strengthening leadership in disability and development.

19. Programs delivered for reducing preventable impairments target the wider population and are therefore excluded from disability inclusion as they are not delivered specifically to persons with a disability. Reducing preventable impairment data is also available. Refer to Impairment Prevention for further details.

20. There is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the exact share of aid activity expenditure that contributes to disability inclusion.

21. Disability inclusion data presented in this summary has been compiled using a DFAT developed disability inclusion marker which follows similar methodology as DAC markers however also includes an adjustment for selected payments.

22. Due to the way in which large payments to multilateral organisations or NGOs are recorded within DFAT systems, it is necessary to apply an adjustment. These payments include the Australian NGO Cooperation Program (ANCP), development funds or grant schemes such as the Human Rights Small Grants Scheme. These payments are grouped together and recorded at the activity level, therefore it is necessary to filter records to extract only those payments to specific agencies that focus on providing assistance to disabled persons.

23. The level of assistance varies across all activities, with some activities providing a principal or significant focus and other activities providing moderate or minor focus. The focus allows an


appropriate quantification of aid flows. Due to the variation in focus, caution should be exercised when interpreting disability inclusion data.

Effective Governance 24. Effective governance is one of the key priorities of the Australian aid program and aims to help people overcome poverty by supporting capable management of a developing country’s resources through building institutions and processes that are accountable, responsive and transparent. This allows participation of citizens and civil society in the processes of government. Effective governance also contributes to achieving other development goals, such as health and education, as it supports partner government-led development efforts.

25. Australia’s support to effective governance falls into three pillars:

a. delivering better services through: improved government efficiency and effectiveness; and more accountable, open and responsive governments;

b. improved security and enhanced justice; and

c. enhanced human rights.

Expenses 26. See Cash payments.

Family Planning 27. The 2012 London Family Planning Summit methodology was adopted by participants at the Summit implementing a common, internationally agreed basis for reporting family planning expenditure. The methodology calculates a percentage of 13 DAC codes that have relevance to the provision of family planning services (for example, capturing percentage of health staff and health facilities relevant to the delivery of family planning services). It can include: stand-alone family planning projects; family planning-specific contributions to multilateral organizations (e.g. contributions to UNFPA Supplies); and, in some cases, projects that include family planning within broader reproductive health activities. This methodology also includes some funding designated for other health sectors, including HIV, reproductive health (RH), maternal health, and other areas, as well as a percentage of a donor’s core contributions to several multilateral organisations, including UNFPA, the World Bank, WHO, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

Gender equality 28. Gender equality is central to economic and human development and to supporting women’s rights. Equal opportunity for women and men supports economic growth and helps to reduce poverty. Removing inequalities gives societies a better chance to develop. When women and men have relative equality, economies grow faster, children’s health improves and there is less corruption. Gender equality is an important human right.

29. Gender equality in Australian aid data are based on the OECD gender marker whereby activities are screened and marked as either:

a. targeting gender equality as a ‘principal’ objective or a ‘significant’ objective; or

b. not targeting the objective.

30. The gender equality marker indicates policy objectives in relation to each aid investment. A principal objective score is given when promoting the objectives of gender as the primary purpose. Investments marked “significant” have other prime objectives, but have been formulated or adjusted to help meet gender concerns.

31. The markers allow an approximate quantification of aid flows that target gender objectives. In marker data presentations the figures for principal and significant objectives should be shown separately and the sum referred to as the “estimate” or “upper bound” of gender-related aid.

General Development Support

32. General Development Support refers to aid initiatives which cut across multiple sectors. General development support investments include financial contributions to:

a. trust funds, such as the World Bank’s trust funds, provide support for key multisector basic services;

b. recovery and restoration activities such as post tsunami recovery, reconstruction and delivery of essential services;

c. core support for multilateral organisations such as the Secretariat of the Pacific Commission;


and

d. budget Support to bilateral partners.

33. General development support aid cannot be further classified and is assigned the generic DAC sector classification Multisector aid (43010).

Global programs 34. Global programs are specialised DFAT programs which deliver other development assistance and/or multi-country development benefits across the developing world. They include contributions to international organisations; emergency, humanitarian and refugee programs; contributions to NGOs and volunteer programs; development education and public information; and development research.

Investment Priorities 35. Investment priority data presented in this publication reflect Australian Government priorities, based on concepts defined within DFAT. The development program investment priorities are:

a. Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness (Infrastructure and trade). Investments in infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness are aimed directly at supporting the private sector to expand. Better infrastructure reduces the cost of doing business, while trade facilitation ensures that businesses can take advantage of international opportunities;

b. Agriculture, fisheries and water. Agriculture and fisheries are key growth sectors and critical to strengthening global food security and improving nutrition. These sectors provide important pathways out of poverty. Increased agricultural productivity plus improved water resource management increases incomes and frees up labour to move into other sectors. For Pacific island economies, fisheries also represent a major source of domestic revenue;

c. Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies (Effective governance). Investments in effective governance support the stronger operation of the public sector. An effective public sector, led by committed political leaders, invests a country’s own resources into pro-growth and poverty reducing activities. It also provides a regulatory environment that supports stronger private sector growth. For further information see also paragraphs 24 and 25;

d. Education. Better quality education enables young people to get the skills they need to contribute to the economy;

e. Health. Investments in health—particularly health systems—ensure that women, men and children can access better health and live healthy and productive lives;

Investment Priorities continued

f. Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection (Building resilience). Investments in building resilience includes providing humanitarian assistance in response to emergencies. Preventing crises is a good investment. The development program works to reduce disaster risks and promote preparedness. The development program also strengthens social protection to provide safety nets in the face of shocks to enable the poor to build skills and increase their participation in the economy; and

g. General development support. Administrative costs that are not attributable to another investment priority including multisector aid, debt relief and research where sector cannot be identified. For further information see also paragraphs 32 and 33.

Maternal and Child Health

36. At the June 2012 DAC Working Party on Statistics meeting, country members agreed to report maternal and child health (MCH) spending using a new standard methodology. The methodology assigns a score to aid activities based on the level of funding targeted to MCH.

37. The methodology differs to the tracking of family planning expenditure reported at the Family Planning Summit. The family planning methodology was devised by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DfID) to guide donors commitments and is based on apportioning expenditure across DAC health sectors based on analysis of DfID’s spending patterns.

38. The data contained in this publication aligns to the DAC methodology where records are scored at either the activity or agreement level.

Multilateral flows 39. Resources channelled through international organisations active in development such as the WB,


the ADB, the UNDP, and the World Food Program (WFP) include core and non-core payments. Payments made to third parties that for administrative purposes are channelled through multilateral and regional organisations, are also reported as multilateral flows.

Negative flows 40. Aid expenditure is usually presented as a positive cash flow to a developing country. In some situations a negative flow may be reported. Valid negative cash flows from a developing country include:

a. official equity investments acquired for ODA development intentions and subsequently sold, that is the proceeds from the sale are reported as a negative flow; and

b. reimbursements from partners for unexpensed resources.

41. Negative flows presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect an outward flow of cash being returned to Australia from a developing country. In some instances, these flows may also reflect an accounting adjustment.

Negative values 42 See Negative flows.

Net bilateral costs 43. Additional costs of providing resources to a recipient country, for example, the extra cost of assigning personnel to aid activities, net of the costs of stationing them at home, and any compensation received from other parties for their relocation.

Non-core payments 44. Payments to a development organisation made with specific conditions, that is where the donor specifies any aspect of how the funds are to be used. These payments are often referred to as ‘Ear-Marked’. See also Core payments.

Non-government organisations (NGOs)

45. NGOs are legally constituted organisations that operate independently from any government. Their primary purpose is to pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interest of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services or undertake community development.

Nutrition 46. Although there is a DAC sector code for reporting activities aimed at direct nutrition interventions, there is no common, agreed approach to track resources for “nutrition-sensitive” development assistance. These outcomes are drawn from the nutritional conceptual framework (UNICEF 1990), the reference document Addressing Undernutrition in External Assistance (EC2011) and the SUN Movement Strategy 2012-2015.

47. Table 17, Health by Type of Assistance, presents direct nutrition interventions data only (DAC sector code 12240). Table 18, Maternal Child Health by Type of Assistance, presents data using a maternal child health marker and direct nutrition interventions data only (DAC sector code 12240). Table 20, Nutrition by Type of Assistance, presents nutrition investments identified as ‘nutrition specific’ or ‘nutrition sensitive’ defined using the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) methodology. The Nutrition line refers to direct nutrition interventions data only (DAC sector code 12240), or ‘nutrition specific’. These investments relate to direct feeding programs for maternal feeding, breastfeeding and weaning foods, child feeding and school feeding.

Official development assistance (ODA)

48. ODA, as defined by the DAC, consists of flows to countries and territories on the DAC List of ODA Recipients and to multilateral development institutions which are provided by official agencies, including state and local government, or by their executive agencies; and:

a. is administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and

b. is concessional in character and conveys a grant element of at least 25 per cent. In the case of non-grants finance:

i. 45 per cent in the case of bilateral loans to the official sector of Least Developed Countries and other Low Income Countries (calculated at a rate of discount of 9 per cent);

ii. 15 per cent in the case of bilateral loans to the official sector of Lower Middle Income


Countries (calculated at a rate of discount of 7 per cent);

iii. 10 per cent in the case of bilateral loans to the official sector of Upper Middle Income Countries (calculated at a rate of discount of 6 per cent); and

iv. 10 per cent in the case of loans to multilateral institutions (calculated at a rate of discount of 5 per cent for global institutions and multilateral development.

Official development assistance (ODA) continued

49. To ensure consistency in the application of ODA eligibility, the DAC has further delineated the boundaries of ODA in many areas, for instance:

a. Peace and Security: The DAC has issued revised guidelines on peace and security assistance (2016). The reporting of peace and security-related activities is guided by the general principle that the main objective is the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries.

Financing of military equipment or services is generally excluded from ODA reporting, the exception covering human rights, humanitarian law, disaster response, anti-corruption, and improved civilian oversight.

Anti-Terrorism: Activities combatting terrorism are not reportable as ODA, as they generally target perceived threats to donor, as much as to recipient countries, rather than focusing on the economic and social development of the recipient;

b. Peacekeeping: Most peacekeeping expenditures are excluded in line with the exclusion of military costs. However, the net bilateral cost of some closely-defined development activities within United Nations (UN) administered or approved peacekeeping operations are included, such as: human rights; election monitoring; rehabilitation of demobilised soldiers and of national infrastructure; advice on economic stabilisation; monitoring and training of administrators; and weapons and mine removal for development purposes only;

c. Social and cultural programs: Expenditure on the promotion of museums, libraries, art and music schools, and sport training facilities and venues that builds developing countries capacity are reported as ODA. One-off interventions such as sponsoring concert tours or athletes’ travel costs are not ODA eligible. Cultural programs in developing countries whose main purpose is to promote the culture and values of the donor are not reportable as ODA;

d. Assistance to refugees: Assistance to refugees in developing countries is reportable as ODA. Temporary assistance to refugees from developing countries arriving in donor countries is also reportable as ODA during the first 12 months of stay, and all costs associated with voluntary repatriation to the developing country of origin are also ODA;

e. Civil police work: Expenditure on some police training is reportable as ODA, unless the training relates to para-military functions or is tactical in nature. The supply of donor’s police services to control civil disobedience is not ODA eligible;

f. Nuclear energy: Nuclear energy provided for developing country civilian purposes is reportable as ODA. Military applications of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation activities are not ODA eligible; and

g. Research: Research directly and primarily relevant to the problems of developing countries is ODA eligible.

Other government departments

50. Australia’s aid program includes aid activities delivered by Australian government departments other than DFAT. These organisations participate in the delivery of aid activities that can be either funded by their own appropriations and/or through the Australian aid program.

Partial ODA 51. Some core payments to multilateral organisations are only partially reportable as ODA. For example, the table below shows the percentage of core payments to the multilateral organisation listed which can currently be counted as ODA. The percentages can be periodically updated as the proportion of the organisation’s work which benefits developing countries change over time.

Table A: Selected core payments of multilateral organisations eligible for Official Development Assistance


Multilateral organisation Core Payments eligible as ODA %

AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 85

FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation 51

GEF Global Environment Facility 100

ILO-RBSA International Labour Organisation – regular budgetsupplementary account 100

ILO-assessed International Labour Organisation – assessed 60

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation 60

UNHCR United Nations Organisation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 100

WHO-CVCA World Health Organisation – core voluntary contributions account 100

WHO-assessed World Health Organisation – assessed contributions 76

52. For a complete list refer to the Development Assistance Committee Reporting Directives, List of ODA-eligible organisations.

Partner country 53. Countries that Australia collaborates with in the delivery of aid assistance to achieve mutually agreed objectives. Australia collaborates with the partner country to develop a country program for each major country partner. See also Country programs.

Programs 54. See Australian aid programs.

Regional programs 55. Regional programs are specialised aid delivery programs which deliver an integrated program of Australian government activities across a region (or regions) of interest to Australia. Activities are usually planned and delivered under a single regional program strategy, and usually benefit more than one country. For aid statistics, expenditure is allocated between countries of benefit whenever identifiable.

Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

56. The SDGs are a United Nations initiative, officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. They comprise of 17 Global Goals with 169 targets. The SDGs are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice. The Goals interconnect and in order to leave no one behind, it is important that we achieve each Goal and target by 2030. For more information visit <https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/>

57. The 17 Global Goals are:

1. No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere;

2. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture;

3. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages;

4. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all;

5. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls;

6. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all;


7. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all;

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all;

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation;

10. Reduce Inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among countries;

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlement inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;

12. Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns;

13. Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts;

14. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development;

15. Life on Land: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems;

16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development; and

17. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.

Technical assistance 58. Technical assistance is classified into two categories:

a. Free-standing technical assistance, comprises activities financed by a donor country whose primary purpose is to augment the level of knowledge, skills, technical know-how or productive aptitudes of the population of developing countries that is increasing their stock of human intellectual capital, and/or their capacity for more effective use of their available factor endowments; and

b. Investment-related technical assistance, is defined as the financing of services by a donor country with the primary purpose of contributing to the design and/or implementation of a project or program aiming to increase the physical capital stock of a developing country. These services include consulting services, technical support, the provision of know-how linked to the execution of an investment project, and the contribution of the donor’s own personnel (managers, technicians, skilled labour etc) to the actual implementation of the project.

Technical cooperation 59. See Technical assistance.


Appendix 3: Abbreviations and SymbolsAbbreviationsAbbreviation Definition

ACFID Australian Council for International DevelopmentACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural ResearchADB Asian Development BankADF Asian Development FundAIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment BankANCP Australian Non-Government Organisation Cooperation ProgramAUD Australian dollarAVID Australian Volunteers for International DevelopmentDAC Development Assistance CommitteeDFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeDfID Department for International Development (United Kingdom)FAO Food and Agricultural OrganisationGDP Gross Domestic ProductGEF Global Environment FacilityGNI Gross National IncomeIDA International Development AssociationILO International Labour OrganisationMCH Maternal and Child HealthNGO Non-Government OrganisationODA Official Development AssistanceOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOFDC Official Resource Flows to Developing Countries OGD Other Government DepartmentsOOF Other Official FlowsSUN Scaling Up NutritionTOSSD Total Official Support for Sustainable DevelopmentUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganisationUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency FundUSD United States DollarWB World BankWFP World Food ProgramWHO World Health Organisation

SymbolsSymbol Definition$m Millions (dollars)$’000 Thousands (dollars)- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)


Appendix 4: DAC List of Aid Recipients (a)(b)

Economies are divided according to Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. The groups in 2016 were: low income, less than $1,005; lower middle income, 1,006 - $3,955; upper middle income, $3,956 - $12,235; and high income, $12,236 or more.

Low-income and middle-income economies are referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.

Least developed countries Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Democratic Republic), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia

Other low-income countries (per capita GNI < = $1 005 in 2016)

Korea Democratic People’s Republic, Zimbabwe

Lower middle income countries and territories(per capita GNI $1 006 - $3 955 in 2016)

Armenia, Bolivia, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Congo Republic of, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tokelau, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza Strip

Upper middle income countries and territories(per capita GNI $3 956 - $12 235 in 2016)

Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, China (People’s Republic of), Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Gabon, Grenada, Guyana, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Montserrat, Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Samoa, Serbia, South Africa, Suriname, Thailand, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna

(a) Data presented for West Bank and Gaza Strip are reported under Palestinian Territories.

(b) DAC List of ODA recipients - effective for reporting 2018, 2019 and 2020 flows.


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