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NTNU – Innovation and CreativityThe Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim represents academic eminence in technology and the natural sciences as well as in other academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the arts, medicine, architecture to fine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation results in ideas no one else has thought of, and creative solutions that change our daily lives.

Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

www.ntnu.edu

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Ann

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Table of ContentsEditorial ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes in memory ............................................................................ 5International conferences and courses ................................................................................................. 6Science stories ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11Publications in international peer review journals, books and patents ....... 28Conference proceedings, other reports and publications .............................................. 33Laboratories and equipment ............................................................................................................................... 35Chemistry Building II (KII)-Seminars, Energy and Materials ..................................... 41Guest lecturers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 43Staff ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44Graduate studies ................................................................................................................................................................. 48PhD projects in progress .......................................................................................................................................... 53PhD projects co-supervised in other departments ................................................................ 57Course program ................................................................................................................................................................... 58M.Sc. students ........................................................................................................................................................................ 60Graduated M.Sc. students with titles of their diploma works ................................... 62Extracurricular activities .......................................................................................................................................... 65

Picture on front page: Grey, ferrite-pearlite cast iron – light microscope, polarized light.Photo: Pål Ulseth.

Annual report forDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491 Trondheim, NorwayInternet address: http://www.ntnu.edu/mse

The editor thanks✔ Brit Wenche Meland, Hilde Martinsen Nordø, Elin Kaasen and Hege Knutsdatter

Johnsen for collecting the administrative data and taking care of the process of printing the report.

✔ Skipnes AS for printing.

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EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

Cooperation with SINTEF Petroleum Research. Project meetings and reporting on running projects. A series of meetings during the year at Statoil; Rotvoll and Stjørdal, Norway.

Harald A. ØyeHarald A. Øye is Chairman of the Technical Committee, ISO / TC 226 (Materials for the Aluminium Industry).

TMS 2010, Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, USA, February 13-18, 2010.

Solar Technology Research Corporation, Tucson, AZ, USA, February 18-23, 2010. Research Cooperation.

The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences, Oslo, Norway, March 4, 2010. Industrial Council Meeting.

2010 Swedish-Korean Joint Workshop on Advanced Solar Cells, Materials and Si Devices, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Uppsala, Sweden, March 30, 2010. Lecture on: “Recent progress on the silicon for solar industry”.

Norwegian Chemical Society, Oslo, Norway, February 9, 2010. Council Meeting.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production, Trondheim, Norway, May 18-28, 2010. Director.

Sunndal Verk, Hydro, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 19, 2010. Plant Excursion.

29th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, May 31 - June 4, 2010. Chairman and lecturer on: “The principles of aluminium electrolysis” and “Cathode failure and cell service life for modern cells”.

CRU’s 15 World Aluminium Conference, Oslo, Norway, June 21-23, 2010.

Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry X, Ålesund - Geiranger, Norway, June 28 - July 1, 2010. Chairman.

Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, September 16, 2010. ISO General Assembly and Project Meeting, ISO.

Non-Ferrous Metals - 2010, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, September 2-4, 2010. Lecture on: “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”.

Alstadhaug Tingrett, Mosjøen, Norway, October 5-6, 2010. Judge.

Metalysis, Wath upon Deame, Rotherham, UK, October 11, 2010. Plant visit.

ARABAL 2010, Luxor, Egypt, November 1-3, 2010. Lecture on: “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”.

Course on “Innovation and Management in Aluminium Technology”, Trondheim, Norway, November 8-11, 2010. Lectures on: “Principles of aluminium electrolysis”, “Cathode block materials and design”, “Sidewall materials, ramming paste”, “Barrier refractories and insulation materials”, “Cell design”, “Increase of amperage”, “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”,

“Current efficiency”, “Inert anodes”, “Wettable cathodes”, “3-D modelling of thermal and sodium expansion in Soderberg aluminium reduction cells”, “Test methodes”, “Alumina quality issues”, “Health and safety”, “Treatment of spent potlining”, “Cooperation industry and academia”.

Sunndal Verk, Hydro, Sunndalsøra, Norway, November 12, 2010. Plant Excursion.

Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, November 17, 2010. Project meeting, ISO.

Vegar ØygardenNorFERM symposium, Storaas Gjestegård, Kongsvinger, Norway, April 12-14, 2010. Presentation on: “Symposium on high temperature proton and mixed proton electron conductors for future energy technologies”.

Electroceramics XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010. Poster.

Summer School: Ceramics membranes for green chemical production and clean power generation, Valencia, Spain, September 8-10, 2010.

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FROM THE EDITORS

The Department of Materials Science and

Engineering is at time being a very busy Department

with high productivity, both with respect to teaching

and research. Many on-going projects and new

projects contribute to the new exciting knowledge

being created; some of the activities are highlighted in

this report. The high productivity gives the Department

a good financial basis for investments in new and

upgraded equipment and to maintain a high standard

of our laboratories. This is only possible by the

extraordinary efforts of the employees and students

at the Department. The combination of high research

and teaching activities is challenging. To improve

this situation the Department is working to increase

the scientific and the technical staff. Although the

Department has taken several measures to reduce

the workload, we are still looking at ways to reduce

number of courses offered to reduce the teaching

workload without sacrifice to the quality of the study

program.

The Department has for several years focused

on measures to increase the awareness on health,

safety and environment (HSE). In the spring of

2010, the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority

(Arbeidstilsynet) conducted an inspection at three

departments at NTNU, focusing on safe use of

chemicals (“Bedre Kjemi”). Department of Materials

Science and Engineering was given credit for having

good standards and above the two other departments.

Still, we have room for improvements and the

Department is continuously working to improve

routines and measures that will improve the safety in

our laboratories. An important factor in the success

of these efforts is the continuous focus from all

employees and especially the dedicated efforts by our

HSE coordinator.

The Department is strongly involved in study

programs and research activities in important

strategic areas at NTNU: Materials, Nanotechnology

and Energy Technology. In 2010, two of our scientific

members were assigned leadership roles. Professor

Hans Jørgen Roven was reappointed as leader of

the strategic area Materials after returning from

sabbatical. Associate Professor Gabriella Tranell

was appointed as leader of the Centre for Renewable

Energy (SFFE). This is a virtual centre under the

strategic area Energy and Petroleum – Resources and

Environment, and has a coordination and consulting

function for the education and research groups within

renewable energy at NTNU, SINTEF and IFE. The

SFFE-network at NTNU, SINTEF and IFE involves

around 200 scientific staff members and 50 PhD

students.

Excellent student recruitment to our programs

continued in 2010. For the PhD grants we continue to

recruit at a high level with a good balance between

Norwegian and foreign students. Together with our

scientific staff, the PhD students and post docs are

key players in creating new and advanced knowledge

for the benefit of the society. In 2010, all our course

descriptions were revised to make them more specific

on learning outcome. This was done in combination

with describing the overall learning outcome of the

different study programs the Department is involved

in. The result is that the students more clearly see

what they are expected to master after each course.

It is also hoped that this will be helpful knowledge for

those recruiting our students.

The Department operates a large variety of

laboratories. Many of the laboratories are operated

in cooperation with SINTEF, our strongest research

partner. We also operate several state of the art

instruments were we serve other departments at

NTNU as well as external research partners. Besides

the established electron microscopy laboratory, the

powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) laboratory has been

developed to a high standard with approximately 100

active users. This has been possible by an excellent

training program for new users and the high level of

support offered to users.

The process to establish a new laboratory

research infrastructure (Solbygg), mainly for the

expanding research on solar cells, came more or

less to stagnation in 2010, when it was decided that

a sub-surface survey was needed to establish better

knowledge of the stability of the building site. Since

the financing of a complete “Solbygg” in line with the

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academic year 2009/2010. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg

got the prize for “Best teamplayer 2010” at the Faculty

of Natural Science and Technology. This year we also

want to recognize the Friday seminars organized by

Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold. He has been central

in organizing these seminars and has contributed

strongly to make all our employees at the Department

more aware of all the interesting and exciting research

taking place at the Department.

Over the years the Department is involved in the

organisation of many international courses, seminar

and conferences. In June 2010 the Electroceramics XII

was arranged in Trondheim with Professor Tor Grande

as chairman. Several members of the Department

participated in the organization committee and the

Inorganic Materials and Ceramic Research Group

did an excellent contribution in make the conference

arrangement a success.

The annual report has the same outline as previous

years. The first part comprises short reports on some

of the current research in the four research groups

at the Department, the annual list of publications in

scientific journals and conference proceedings and

the laboratory infrastructure. This is intended to give

external readers an impression of the research being

performed. The second part, which comprises an

overview of the staff, current and completed Master-

and PhD-students and extracurricular activities at the

Department, is presenting a comprehensive overview

of our annual activity and is more intended for the

archives.

Finally we would like to acknowledge the scientific

staff for their contribution to this report. In particular

we would like to acknowledge Secretary Hege

Knutsdatter Johnsen and other members of the

administrative staff for their efforts.

NTNU, July 2010

Arne Petter Ratvik

FROM THE EDITORS

initial plans seems to be difficult to achieve in the short

term, it was decided to build a crystal puller laboratory

inside the existing smelter laboratory. The new

laboratory is to be finished in spring 2011.

In 2010 the Department got one new Associate

Professor when Marisa Di Sabatino Lundberg started

at the Department in June. Her field is solar cell

materials. The Department has also got accept for

advertising one new and one replacement scientific

position. The hiring process will take place in 2011.

This is good news for a department with capacity

constraints in many teaching and research areas.

We are also in the process of finding a replacement

for Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes who suddenly

passed away in February. The Department took over

some of the personnel duties regarding the PhD

positions from the Faculty in 2010. As a consequence,

Hilde Martinsen Nordø is now in charge of the human

resources management at the Department, working in

close collaboration with the HR section at the Faculty.

Also in 2010 members of the Department were

recognized for extraordinary contributions. Professor

Otto Lohne received the “Elkem forskningsfonds

Innovasjonspris for 2010” (Elkem Research Fund

Innovation Price for 2010). He was recognized for his

contribution in developing research and education on

silicon solar cell materials. Professor Georg Hagen

received, post mortem, Elkem’s honorary price

for his pioneering contributions to the Norwegian

solar cell research. Elin Harboe Albertsen received

NTNU’s Working Environment Price for 2010 for her

commitment to improve routines and awareness of

HSE. Through dedication and creativity she has worked

to improve working conditions for students, employees

and guests at the Department. Sverre Magnus Selbach

got the prize for best PhD thesis at the Faculty of

Natural Science and Technology at NTNU in the

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Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes died unexpectedly

on February 7, 2010.

Jan Arve Baatnes, born August 21, 1951, was hired

as a mechanic in 1974. Prior to this he served an

apprenticeship at SINTEF Metallurgy beginning in

the autumn of 1967. Whilst there Jan Arve made a

good impression on his colleagues, and during the

school year 1968/69 he was granted leave to complete

“Yrkesskolens linje for mekanikere”.

In addition to this, his apprenticeship included 35

months of formal training which concluded with a

3-day practical and theoretical test supervised by a

specially appointed examination board. Topics in the

training included: sampling, aim and sedimentation

analysis, chemical and metallurgical laboratory

work, refractory materials, construction equipment,

instrumentation and additional theoretical training. He

completed his military service in 1972/73, after which

he continued in his position.

Through many years in his position at the Department,

Jan Arve Baatnes contributed greatly to the

metallurgical community both at Sintef and NTNU. He

was well liked by both students and staff and will be

remembered as a friendly colleague who was always

willing to help others. For novice students he was an

invaluable resource, and he helped greatly to improve

the quality of countless doctoral dissertations and

student reports.

Jan Arve Baatnes is strongly missed by colleagues and

students.

Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes in memory

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Participants at the EBSD international workshop May 31 - June 2, 2010.

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND COURSES

International EM related workshops

1. The Department of Materials Science and

Engineering organized, together with TU

Bergakademie Freiberg, the 3rd Norwegian-German

group seminar on Solar Cell materials. This is the

third time this seminar is organized, and this year it

was held at NTNU on October 4-6, 2010. The program

of the seminar included two full days with 20 oral

presentations and a visit to the Elkem Thamshavn

plant in Orkanger. This event was attended by 33

participants from Freiberg, NTNU and SINTEF.

1. The Electron Microscope Laboratory (EM-lab) at

DMSE arranged together with EDAX/TSL the 6th

NTNU EBSD international workshop in Trondheim

May 31 - June 2, 2010. This EBSD workshop brought

together 23 participants from 10 countries.

2. In May 2010, NTNU signed a collaborative agreement

with Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) in Shanghai,

China. As a continuation of this agreement, NTNU,

SINTEF, SJTU and the Norwegian company Predictor

and Chinese company Solar Fun signed a “5-party”

collaboration agreement in the solar materials

research area at a joint workshop held in Shanghai,

October 21-22, 2010. In addition to the partner

participants, Dr. Kari Kveseth, Science Counselor

at the Norwegian Embassy in Beijing attended the

meeting. As a part of the collaboration between NTNU

and SJTU, a M.Sc. student from SJTU will take up PhD

studies with the Department of Materials Science and

Engineering at NTNU in spring 2011.

Marisa Di Sabatino and Gabriella Tranell

2. EM-lab at DMSE arranged an international EDS

workshop together with Bruker AXS Nordic in Trond-

heim, March 11-13, 2010. The workshop was attended

by 28 participants from 6 countries.

Jarle Hjelen

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The participation was very low in 2009 as the alumini-

um price fell with more than 50%. International smelt-

ers would not allow their staff to travel to courses, but

in 2010 the participation was back to normal as seen

from the pictures.

Harald A. Øye

International courses on aluminium production

Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, later Department

of Materials Science and Engineering has a long

tradition to give international courses on aluminium

electrolysis.


In 1994 the course “Fundamentals of Aluminium

Production” was started and it was arranged

in May 18-28, 2010 for the 16th time with 54

participants. This course was attended by totally

478 participants from 36 countries.

The “29th International Course on Process

Metallurgy of Aluminium” was arranged in

Trondheim May 31 - June 4, 2010 with 75

participants. Totally 2523 participants from 56

countries have attended the course throughout

the years.

A new initiative was a course on “Innovation

and Management for Aluminium Technology”,

arranged through NTNU’s Department

of Continuing Education and Professional

Development on November 8 - 12, 2010.

The participants were 13 executive directors

from RUSAL, Russia’s aluminium producer.

Oral presentations and written materials were

both in English and Russian.

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Over the last two decades “electroceramics” have

become established as one of the most important

research areas in materials science both through

improvements in basic knowledge and their significant

technological impact. The series of Electroceramics

meetings have become an important forum to

discuss recent advances and emerging trends in this

developing field. The Inorganic Materials and Ceramic

Research group at the Department was selected at

the Electroceramics XI in Manchester 2008 to be the

organizers of the next conference in this conference

series, and Electroceramics XII was arranged in

Trondheim in the period June 13-16, 2010.

The scope of Electroceramics XII was to allow the

participants to present the most recent results and to

exchange ideas on the advancement in the research

development and applications of electroceramics in the

following areas:

• Ceramic processing and basic science

• Thin films and interfaces

• Modelling

• Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyro-

electric materials

• Multiferroic, magnetic, semiconducting and super-

conducting materials

• Ionic, electronic and mixed conductors, fuel cells,

photocatalysis

• Sensors, actuators and energy harvesting materials

• Varistors and thermistors

At the deadline for submission of abstracts, December

15, 2009, 477 papers were submitted. The final program

included 3 Key-Note lectures, 16 invited speakers, 160

oral presentations and 240 poster presentations. The

program was organised in 23 separate sessions. In total

319 delegates attended the conference. The delegates

came from in total 33 different nations across 5 different

continents. There was also an exhibition in parallel

with the conferences presenting 6 sponsors. The social

program consisted of a reception in Realfagbygget,

a guided tour and reception at Ringve Museum, a

conference banquet at Rica Nidelven Hotel and finally a

concert in Nidaros cathedral.

Electroceramics XII – June 13-16


The Key-Note lectures at Electroceramics XII: Professor Tadashi Takenaka, Tokyo University of Science, Japan, Professor

Jean-Marie Tarascon, Université de Picardie Jules Verne CNRS, France, Professor Nicola Spaldin, University of Santa

Barbara, USA (present at ETH Zürich, Switzerland).

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The Key-Note lectures were given by Professor Ta-

dashi Takenaka, Tokyo University of Science, Japan, on

Lead-free ferroelectrics, Professor Jean-Marie Taras-

con, Université de Picardie Jules Verne CNRS, France,

on Lithium batteries and Nicola Spaldin, University of

Santa Barbara, USA, on Multiferroics.

The local organization committee included Professor

Tor Grande, which was the chairman of the conference,

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud, Professor Kjell Wiik,

Postdoc Sverre M. Selbach and Postdoc Per-Martin

Rørvik from the Department, Professor Thomas Tybell

from the Department of Electronics and Telecom-

muni cations, NTNU, Professor Truls Norby from the

University of Oslo and Research Scientist Henrik Ræder

and Research Director Rune Bredesen from SINTEF

Materials and Chemistry.

All the group members of the Inorganic Materials

and Ceramic Research Group spent a tremendous

effort during the conference. The program and all the

sessions were arranged smoothly without serious

obstacles. We acknowledge financial support from TSO

Materials at NTNU and the professional assistance from

NTNU Videre to arrange the conference and take care

of all the practicalities with the registration and the

accommodation.

Tor GrandeP

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Growth of nanorods of ferroelectric PbTiO3 on single crystal

substrates.

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Silicon for Solar Cells Fundamentals of Si production and refining. June 14-18, 2010 - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway (5-day course).

Norway is one of the world’s leading producers of

metallurgic silicon (Mg-Si), most of it being refined for

sale to the electronic or chemical market or as alloying

elements to Al. NTNU and SINTEF have been research

and education partners of the Norwegian metallurgi-

cal industry for decades. The research and education

covers the value chain for production of solar grade

silicon (SoG-Si) from quartz and carbon to silicon

wafers, with focus on raw materials, furnace technol-

ogy, refining and casting.

The summer school on SoG-Si was arranged by

NTNU for the first time in June 2010, and focused on

the funda mental knowledge and theory of metallurgical

silicon production and refining of metallurgical silicon

to reach solar grade purity. An introduction to the

quality require ments on silicon for wafer and solar cell

product ion was given.

We believe that sustainable growth of the photo-

voltaic (PV) marked requires that the future silicon for

solar cells must come directly from a metallurgical

process. This view is shared by many and new routes for

Si production and refining are being developed. Among

the new routes for the production of solar grade silicon,

the upgraded metallurgical silicon is one of the good

alternatives to replace the feedstock produced by the

Siemens process. Many of the new routes consist of

several steps.

The intention of this course was to give an overview

and understanding of the process for Si production

and the new refining processes that are emerging and

to give some tools to optimize and develop new routes

for production of solar grade silicon. The interest was

high, and the limit of 50 participants was met within a

short time. The participants came from 6 countries and

3 continents .

LecturersAssociate Professor Rune B. Larsen, NTNU.

Associate Professor Marisa Di Sabatino, NTNU.

Dr. Julien Degoulange, Apollon Solar.

Dr. Harry Rong, Director Product Development and

Innovations , Elkem Silicon Materials.

Associate Professor Gudrun Sævarsdottir, Reykjavik

University.

Professor Merete Tangstad, NTNU.

Associate Professor Gabriella Tranell, NTNU.

Adjunct Professor Halvard Tveit, NTNU/Elkem.

Adjunct Associate Professor Eivind Øvrelid,

NTNU/ SINTEF .


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The current energy system in the world to a large

extent relies on combustion of fossil fuels. This repre-

sents a major resource problem and is also forecasted

to have a severe impact on world ecology through e.g.

climate changes. Electrochemical technology and sci-

ence is highly relevant for solving these problems, and

electrochemical energy conversion and storage will

remain an indispensable part of an alternative energy

system, one that is inherently more sustainable and

environmentally friendly than the current.

The Electrochemical Energy Group at the Materi-

als Science and Engineering Department at NTNU

works in research dedicated to energy conversion in

fuel cells and hydrogen storage by water electrolysis,

as well as battery research. One research interest is to

limit CO poisoning of fuel cell catalyst and to solve the

related problem of developing anode catalyst for Direct

Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC), among other things. This

is pursued through the projects “Carbon-supported

core-shell electrocatalysts for oxidation of small organic

molecules”, and “High temperature PEM fuel cells oper-

ating with organic fuels” funded by the Research Council

of Norway (RCN) through the NANOMAT and RENERGI

programs, respectively.

Bimetallic surfaces have since long time been known

for their catalytic activity and selectivity, which often

exceeds that of the individual components and have

thus a wide range applications. Some platinum alloys

show a better CO tolerance and stability in compare

with pure platinum. In order to optimize the catalytic

activity both the composition and architecture of the

catalysts nanoparticle must be controlled. The ability to

produce multi-component nanoparticles with optimized

structures for other, selective or multifunctional reac-

tions is expected to play a critical role in new energy

conversion technologies. Monometallic, heterodimer,

alloy and core-shell nanoparticles are examples of

such structures.

There are still significant unknowns in the mecha-

nisms of oxidation of CO and small organic molecules,

in particular as the balance between the so-called

bifunctionality and pure electronic effects are con-

cerned, as well as in metal-support interactions. The

core-shell project aims inter alia at contributing to their

discrimination, and is expected to lead to highly original

results and fundamental insights relevant for the de-

sign of electrocatalyst for direct oxidation of methanol

and other small organic molecules.

The production of a nanoscale core-shell system, and

their characterization, are challenging tasks. Professor

Carbon-supported core-shell electrocatalysts for oxidation of small organic molecules

Ill.:

Pio

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Jos

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Figure 1:

Contributions to the CO-stripping mechanism: The ligand effect is illustrated to the left, the bifunctional effect in the middle

one, and the process at a pure Pt catalyst is illustrated to the right. The potential at which the processes occur are indicated

below the figures, the “?”V obtained for the ligand effect is currently being determined in the core-shell project.

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

12

Eichhorns group at the University of Maryland, USA,

with which the NTNU group collaborates, has prosper-

ously established synthesis procedure of the Ru@Pt

core-shell nanoparticles. The structure is comprised of

essentially metallic, crystallographically disordered Ru

cores with thin, 1-2 monolayer Pt shells.

A physicochemical as well as an electrochemical

characterization of the produced material has been

performed, and the structure’s identity has been con-

firmed. This successful synthesis implementation al-

lowed performing further and advanced electrochemi-

cal characterization of the novel electrocatalyst. We

have thus recently verified that the homogeneity of the

samples are such as to allow interpretation in terms

of isolating the ligand effect from the bifunctional, and

shown the former is a dominating one in terms of the

oxidation potential for CO at these core-shell catalysts.

This type of synthesis and control of bimetallic

nanocatalyst architecture is crucial for knowledge in

mechanistic evaluation / rational advance of hetero-

geneous catalytic transformations. From a practical

point of view, the work may lead to new and more effici-

ent catalysts for fuel cells anodes and other areas of

applications .

As a result of collaboration with the University of

Maryland the whole synthesis procedure was entirely

and successfully adopted in the Chemical Area in

NTNU’s NanoLab, and subsequent characterisation

performed in the laboratories at the Materials Science

and Engineering Department at NTNU. The Ru@Pt 1:1

core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by using a

sequential polyol process. Ru(acac)3 (acac = acetylace-

tonate) was initially reduced in refluxing ethylene glycol

(EG) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

stabilizers (MW = 55000). The resulting Ru cores were

subsequently coated with Pt by adding PtCl2 to the Ru/

EG colloid and heating to 200 °C. This work is also done

in collaboration with the Chemical Engineering Depart-

ment at NTNU.Piotr Ochal, José Luis Gomez de la Fuente,

Mikhail Tsypkin, Dmitry Bokach, Frode Seland, Reidar Tunold,

Navaneethan Muthuswamy (Chemical Engineering, NTNU),

Magnus Rønning (Chemical Engineering, NTNU),

De Chen (Chemical Engineering, NTNU)

and Svein Sunde

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

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deFigure 2:

Model of the Ru@Pt core-shell structure.

Figure 3:

STEM-EDS line spectra of 4.5 nm obtained Ru@Pt (1:1) NP.

Relative atomic % composition values (vertical axis) of Pt

(red) and Ru (blue) are plotted against the line scan probe

position (horizontal axis) and are given next to the STEM

images.

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ELECTROCHEMISTRY

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Figure 4:

PhD student Piotr Ochal and Dr. José Luis Gómez de la Fuente performing electrochemical characterization of a core-shell

catalyst.

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ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Water electrolysis (WE) is the process of splitting

water into hydrogen and oxygen by applying a potential

between two electrodes. WE has been an important

industrial process in Norway in connection with the

manufacture of fertilizers. At the present there is a

renewed interest in WE in conjunction with a future

energy society that does not depend on fossil fuels.

A method of storing and transporting vast amounts

of energy is needed. Converting excess electricity

to hydro gen is one option. This can, at the moment,

only be done by WE. A different possible use of large

quantities of hydrogen is a methanol based economy.

Hydrogen and carbon dioxide can be converted to

methanol and used as a fuel. The Electrochemical

energy technology group has been working on both

fundamental and practical aspects of WE for several

years.

The traditional method of WE is the alkaline electro-

lyser that uses a strong alkaline electrolyte and steel

or nickel electrodes. A more recent method is the poly-

mer electrolyte membrane (PEM) WE. It has several

advantages compared to the traditional method. These

include: More compact size, higher current densities ,

no need to pump a corrosive electrolyte through the

system and purer products. Because of the acidic

environ ment in PEM WE platinum is used as the cath-

ode catalyst, whilst noble metal oxides, typically iridi-

um oxide based, are used on the anode. Increasing the

temperature of a PEM WE from 80 °C, as is normal for

both alkaline and PEM WE, to a temperature above 100

°C gives additional benefits such as an improved heat

balance that reduces the need for a cooling system,

improved kinetics and a decrease in the overall energy

requirement for hydrogen production. Solid oxide fuel

cells (SOFC) operate at an even higher temperature,

often in the range of 500–1000 °C. The materials chal-

lenges have, for the time being, prevented the commer-

cialisation of SOFC.

Increasing the temperature of PEM WE gives several

material challenges. The catalysts must withstand

higher temperatures without corroding or agglomerat-

ing, the construction materials must be stable and the

polymer electrolyte must retain sufficient conductivity

and mechanical strength for the task. We focus on the

catalyst and the membrane in our research.

At temperatures below 100 °C Nafion membranes are

the typical choice. However, they loose their mechani-

cal properties and to some extent their conductivity at

temperatures above 100 °C. The usual replacement is a

polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane. Unfortunately the

PBI membrane needs to be doped with phosphoric acid

to achieve the required conductivity. This is problematic

as phosphates are known to adsorb strongly on oxides.

If the catalyst surface is blocked by adsorbed phos-

phate species the rate of the oxygen evolution reaction

(OER) will be slower, and the overall efficiency of the

WE will be lower.

We conducted a screening study to test the effect of

different electrolytes on the OER on iridium oxide. As a

model system we used anodically formed iridium oxide

films and liquid electrolytes. 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 M solu-

tions of phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and perchloric

acid were used as the electrolyte. The temperature

range for the experiments was from 0 °C to 150 °C

(the measurements above 100 °C were conducted in a

glass autoclave). The polarisation curves in Figure 1

show that the oxygen evolution reaction is significantly

slower in phosphoric acid at all temperatures. Chang-

High temperature PEM water electrolysis for the hydrogen economy

Pho

to: L

ars-

Eri

k O

we,

Mik

hail

Tsyp

kin

and

Sve

in S

unde

Figure 1:

The oxygen evolution reaction on AIROF in various 0.5 M

electrolytes at 25 °C and 80 °C.

15

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Pho

to: L

ars-

Eri

k O

we

Figure 2:

PhD student Agnieszka Zlotorowicz setting up an experiment

in the test station for high temperature and pressure water

electrolysis and fuel cell experiments.

ing the temperature does not alter this picture. The

practical implication of this is that it is important to

check if increasing the temperature actually improves

the overall efficiency of the system under study. In ad-

dition the experiments show that the anion affects the

structure of the catalyst. The oxide film is more open

to penetration by water and ions in phosphate solutions

than in sulphate or perchlorate solutions.

The stability of both catalysts and the system as a

whole is best studied in conditions as close to the ac-

tual operating conditions as possible. The test station,

see Figure 2, can be used to test both PEM WE and fuel

cells at temperatures up to 150 °C and pressures up to

15 bar. We have done extensive testing of oxide catalysts

for WE in the test station.

Mixed oxide catalyst, such as iridium-manganese,

iridium-tantalum or iridium-ruthenium oxide, can have

a higher catalytic activity than pure iridium oxide. In

addition the amount of noble metals in the catalyst can

be reduced. Adding ruthenium oxide, in itself an excellent

catalyst for the OER, does indeed increase the catalytic

activity of the catalyst. On the other hand manganese and

tantalum only work as diluents. The problem with the

mixed catalysts is that the stability is not good enough.

The activity quickly declines; after six hours the activity

is halved and after 100 h the activity is less than 20 % of

the initial activity. For practical applications the mixed

catalysts are not stable enough.

Decreasing the catalyst particle size gives a higher

surface area per mass of catalyst. However the stabil-

ity of catalysts decreases with decreasing particle size.

To test this we prepared a range of catalysts with grain

sizes from 3 nm to 6 nm in diameter. There was indeed

an inverse relation between the size and the stability of

the catalyst. The catalysts with the smallest sizes lost

over 80 % of their initial activity over a period of 100 h.

The catalysts with the larger sizes did have a lower initial

activity; however they remained stable over the 100 h test

period. The optimum catalysts size, with respect to both

the activity and the stability, is in the 5–6 nm range for

the iridium oxide catalysts produced here.

To determine the size of the pure iridium oxide

catalysts for the stability study we used both XRD and

electro chemical methods. The diffraction data and the

electrochemical measurements give approximately the

same result for particles with diameter over 4 nm. For

the smaller sizes the diffraction data is not reliable, how-

ever the electrochemical techniques can still be used.

This project was funded by the European Commision

through the 7th Framework Programme and by NTNU.

Lars-Erik Owe, Mikhail Tsypkin and Svein Sunde

16

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a

technique for the characterisation of electrochemical

systems in which a sinusoidal stimulus (usually the

potential) is applied to an electrode. The associated

sinusoidal response (the current) is measured both

with respect to its amplitude and phase. The imped-

ance is calculated as the ratio of the (complex) voltage

to the (complex) current. The experimental impedance

is then either used qualitatively or analysed with a

model. The models, in turn, may range from equivalent

circuits consisting of electrical passive components

(resistors, capacitors, inductances and others) or

detailed mathematical models based on kinetic and

transport equations. Equivalent circuits are not always

easy to interpret, and to some extent the ambiguities

inherent in the impedance method are more prone to

causing problems of interpretation than when relying

on explicit mathematical models.

Modelling of porous electrodes, and their impedance

in particular, thus play an important role in the inter-

pretation of experimental data. The models initially

proposed for simple processes such as double-layer

charging and faradaic reaction has later been extended

to include transport processes in the electrolyte phase

and also intercalation processes in the electrode

phase. This is of significance for characterising tech-

nologically important systems such as those of metal

hydride and Li-ion batteries. Another area of current

interest is porous, nanostructured, semiconducting

electrodes for applications in photovoltaic cells.

The NTNU group is currently developing impedance

models for complex electrode systems and methods

based on them for application in a range of the group’s

activities, including water electrolysis and intercalation

batteries. A recent example is an analytical impedance

model for porous intercalation electrodes in which

the electrode matrix has mixed ionic and electronic

conductivity.

The work is partly done in collaboration with SINTEF,

and is funded through various sources including the

Research Council of Norway and NTNU.

Svein Sunde, Lars-Erik Owe, Fride Vullum,

Carl-Erik Foss and Ann-Mari Svensson (SINTEF)

Impedance analysis of porous electrodes in electrochemical systems

Pho

to: C

arl E

rik

Lie

Fos

s

Figure 1:

Low-frequency part of various model impedance spectra for

porous intercalation electrodes fitted to experimental data.

17

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the

chemical energy in oxygen and a fuel, such as hydro-

gen, directly to electrical energy without the need for

equipment like turbines and generators. Fuel cells

are primarily classified according to the membrane

employed to separate the cathode and anode, and ac-

cording to the temperature range as low-temperature

(alkaline fuel cells and polymer-electrolyte membrane

(PEM) fuel cells – PEMFCs), intermediate temperature

(phosphoric acid fuel cells), and high-temperature

fuel cells (molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells).

PEMFCs are particularly attractive for vehicle traction.

Degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

(PEMFCs) is one of the main obstacles before the technol-

ogy is ready for mass market introduction. PEMFCs need to

demonstrate lifetimes of several thousands of hours before

they will appeal to car owners. High production costs

combined with relatively short lifetime therefore results in

a total lifetime cost that currently prevents commerciali-

zation. Known causes of degradation of a PEMFC include

chemical and physical membrane degradation, damage to

the cell caused by subfreezing conditions, poisoning by fuel

impurities, particle growth or dissolution of the finely dis-

persed Pt catalyst usually employed, and corrosion of the

porous carbon material on which the Pt electrocatalyst is

supported. A significant contribution to the overall fuel cell

degradation is loss of electrochemically active platinum

area from the fuel cell cathode during operation at high

potentials. This loss of Pt catalyst area can take place as an

Ostwald ripening process where smaller particles are dis-

solved and redeposited on larger particles, which will lead

to the growth of larger particles at the expense of smaller

particles. Other mechanisms are coalesence via crystal

migration on the carbon surface, detachment of particles

from the carbon support or dissolution and subsequent

migration of soluble Pt species into the membrane mate-

rial where it is chemically reduced. An understanding of

these phenomena and how to mitigate them is a key factor

for increasing the lifetime of PEMFCs.

Knowledge of how different impurities affect PEMFC

durability is another prerequisite for optimal selection of

materials for PEMFC systems and for determining nec-

essary fuel quality requirements. Chloride is among the

contaminants that have been identified in fuel cells during

operation and is suggested to originate from impurities in

coolants used or de-ionised water. Other origins of chloride

impurities can be from operating a fuel cell in a marine

environment where chloride will be present or when using

co-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry as fuel.

The electrochemical energy group at NTNU collabo-

rates with SINTEF in studies of PEMFC degradation. In this

project the purpose was to demonstrate the application

of employing an electrochemical quartz balance (EQCM)

to study the degradation of a carbon-supported platinum

PEMFC catalysts exposed to small amounts of chloride in

an electrochemical cell (Fig. 1). So far such degradation

studies have been applied to smooth Pt electrodes only,

purporting to emulate the real, supported catalyst. Our

results showed, however, that significant quantitative error

will appear in terms of degradation rates if measurements

based on such smooth platinized platinum electrodes are

used to predict the degradation rates of the real catalyst.

The project also established EQCM as a method for per-

forming EQCM measurements on real electrocatalysts.

The degradation activity has been funded by the

Research Council of Norway, partly through the Nordic

Council of Ministers (N-INNER programme), and NTNU.

Axel Ofstad, José Luis Gomez de la Fuente, Frode Seland,

Steffen Møller-Holst (SINTEF), Magnus Thomassen (SINTEF),

Mahdi Darab and Svein Sunde

Degradation of PEM fuel cells

Pho

to: A

xel B

aum

ann

Ofs

tad

Figure 1:

Mass change (i. e. loss of catalyst) at a PEMFC electro catalyst,

platinum supported on carbon as a function of the chloride

concentration in the cell.

18

One of the main environmental and economical

challenges facing the metallurgical industry is fugitive

emissions of both materials and energy. A recent

example is the metal/mineral producing companies

Celsa, Fesil and SMA Minerals in the Mo i Rana

industrial park, which were placed under strict control

from the Norwegian environmental authorities (SFT)

between March 8 and June 6, 2007, due to increased

dust emissions to air with unknown origin. These

companies were enforced to reduce production by

a total of 20 % on days with high measured aerial

dust concentrations, until the cause and origin of the

increased emissions were clarified. In addition to the

environmental effects of the dust emissions on the

community, the economic effects for the companies in

terms of lost production were significant.

The process industry in Norway is generally sub-

jected to an extensive regulation that describes the

relationship between the emissions from the plants and

their effect on the community. Stricter emission regu-

lations will however only be effective if an understand-

ing of the mechanisms of fugitive emission generation

exists and is coupled with new technical solutions to

measure emissions and deal with the related process

problems. Hence, innovation in terms of both process

operation and equipment design aimed at reducing and/

or capturing emissions, as well as techniques and tools

for measuring the emissions, are crucial.

In the competence project (KMB) “FUME” – a

partner ship between SINTEF, NTNU and the Norwegian

Ferro alloys Industry, and co-funded by the Norwegian

Research Council, the primary objective is to develop

in-depth competence in the area of fugitive emissions

of materials (gas, dust/particles etc) to internal and

external environment and energy (both low and high

temperature) – in the Norwegian ferroalloys industry.

The acquired competence will be applied to reduce

emissions:

• through direct process improvements based on a

fundamental understanding of emission generation

mechanisms.

• through improvement of equipment for emission

reduction and capture with respect to the working

environment.

• and to better utilise low- and high temperature

waste energy in integrated process solutions (district

household heating, fish farming, bio-refineries etc).

The emissions from a ferroalloys plant may be

grouped into fugitive or directed/concentrated emissi-

ons. Directed emissions are for example emissions

from a stack, i.e. from a limited area where it is reason-

ably easy to establish strategies for emission reducti-

ons. Fugitive emissions on the other hand are less

defined and emitted over larger areas. These emissi-

ons may be particles from dust/soot, aerosols (liquid

droplets and gases) or steam. Examples of fugitive

emissions from the ferroalloys industry are; dusting

from handling of raw materials (transport, weighing,

charging), smoke from the furnace during charging and

tapping, and dust emissions during product handling

(liquid metal/slag, crushing, and packaging).

Recent industrial measurement campaigns carried

out in the project have successfully correlated NOx

formation to SiO gassing and oxidation. The rate of

silicon oxidation during metal refining - one of the main

contributors to plant dust formation - has also been

quantified and correlated to oxygen access to the liquid

silicon surface.

Gabriella Tranell

Fugitive Emissions of Materials and Energy

EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY

19


Pho

to: M

ari K

. Næ

ss, N

TNU

/Elk

em S

alte

n.

Pho

to: M

ari K

. Næ

ss, N

TNU

/Elk

em S

alte

n.

Photo of the top of a ladle with sili-

con being refined, showing the dy-

namic nature of the silicon surface

and the air above.

SEM-image of collected fume from

the refining, 50 k magnification.

20

Quasi Natural Consolidation (QNC) is an environmental

friendly technology for water proofing of tunnels and

sand stabilization of loose oil field reservoirs prone

for sand production during oil recovery. A critical step

in the technology is under patent protection both in

Norway and internationally by Temasi AS with Terje

Østvold as inventor. This technology has been qualified

for the Gullfaks Field through laboratory core testing

by Terje Østvold and Statoil. A meeting was held

between the Gullfaks asset, Terje Østvold and M-I

SWACO in August 2009 to discuss the execution of a

field trial in well C-15. A 19 meter vertical section of

this well having a perforated liner in a homogenous

sand pack was selected for treatment due to its non-

complex completion nature.

Until recently the technology had only been tested

in the lab, but in October last year the method was

applied in this well. Two consolidation treatments were

bull headed into the formation with a 20 hrs curing

period between the 1st and 2nd treatment and the active

components were pre-mixed chemical solutions that

were blended during the pumping sequence.

Each of the treatments consisted of:

1. A calcium nitrate and urea water solution of equal

Ca2+ and urea concentrations (0.83 mole/l) having a

volume of 34 m3.

2. Urease catalyst (20 g/l) water solution (Temasi cata-

lyst) with a volume of 4 m3.

See the photo for preparation of solutions before

shipment to platform. After mixing and pumping these

fluids after preflush to clean up and cool the near well

bore reservoir, 5500 kg CaCO3 had precipitated in a

volume of 150 m3 of the near well bore region reaching

1.6 m from the well centre. A reduction of 2.8 vol% of

the free volume in between the sand grains was now

occupied by the precipitated CaCO3.

The method worked, and no sand production was

observed after treatment, but due to a pressure decline

in the reservoir it was not possible to increase well

production to water and oil rates higher than before the

treatment. Time will show if a slow dissolution of the

precipitated CaCO3 will enhance well production.

Terje Østvold

Sand stabilisation and water proofing of tunnels

Pho

to: L

eif O

lav

Jøsa

ng /

NTN

U

Preparing solutions for sand con-

solidation on Gullfaks well C15 at

Coast Center Base AS, Ågotnes,

Sotra.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

21

A technique for in-situ high resolution imaging

of solidification microstructures by synchrotron

X-radiation has been developed in a cooperation

between NTNU and SINTEF over a period of about 10

years.

This technique has been used to study dendritic

and eutectic growth of aluminium alloys. One of the

potential applications of the images is validation of

dendrite growth models. The first step to do this

is to develop a model that accurately simulates

the development of the dendritic structure in the

experiment. This has been done in a PhD project in

cooperation with University of Iowa, USA. A new meso-

scale phase field model has been developed that has

been validated against columnar dendritic growth of

Al-Cu alloys. Figure 1 shows X-ray images of dendrites

compared to the predicted structure development.

Modeling of dendritic growth

Pho

to: P

. Del

alea

u, R

. Mat

hies

en a

nd L

. Arn

berg

Figure 1:

Predicted (left) and observed

(right) microstructure develop-

ment in Al-30wt%Cu alloy.

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

22

Pho

to: P

. Del

alea

u, R

. Mat

hies

en &

L. A

rnbe

rg

Figure 2:

Liquid convection in Al-20wt% Cu alloy.

It can be seen that the model accurately predicts the

general features of the microstructure including the

overgrowth and elimination of one of the four primary

dendrite arms. A problem that can severely complicate

the modeling work is that convection is sometime

present in the experiment. A severe example of this

can be seen in Figure 2. The work has resulted in a PhD

thesis that was successfully defended in January 2011.

Pierre Delaleau, Ragnvald Mathiesen, Lars Arnberg

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

23

The presence of dislocations in silicon solar cells

reduces the conversion of solar energy to electric

power. It is therefore an important task to avoid

or reduce the formation of dislocations in wafers

for solar cells. In multicrystalline silicon cast by

unidirectional solidification the density of dislocations

is normally low at the bottom but increases towards

the top. The number of dislocations does not increase

all over a wafer but often in clusters with a very high

density. The parts of cells having such clusters will

often not produce electric power at all.

When etching polished wafers the dislocations

reaching the surface may be seen as etch pits because

the etching is faster at the end of a dislocation than in

its surroundings. The white dots in Figure 1 are etch

pits being about 1 μm in size.

Mechanisms behind the formation of dislocation

clusters have been studied at Department of Materi-

als Science and Engineering (DMSE) for some time by

using optical light microscopy and scanning electron

microscopy (SEM) on etched wafers. This has now been

extended to TEM investigations.

In Figure 1a typical dislocation cluster on an etched

wafer is shown by using SEM. The surrounding grains

have a much lower dislocation density. In certain

directions the etch pits line up in lines where it is dif-

ficult to reveal the individual pits.

Normally slip in silicon is expected to take place on

{111} planes. However, the dislocation etch pits do not

line up on traces between {111} planes at the wafer

surface but rather along traces between {110} planes

and the wafer surface, Figure 2.

TEM specimens are cut from a selected area of the

specimen shown in Figure 1 and thinned down by ion

milling. In Figure 3, a part of a dislocation array – three

The structure of dislocation clusters – as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

Pho

to: M

aulid

Kiv

ambe

(PhD

wor

k)P

hoto

: Mau

lid K

ivam

be (P

hD w

ork)

Figure 1:

(a) SEM image

showing a dis-

location cluster.

Dislocations are

observed to al-

lign in arrays in

certain directions.

A magni fied image

of one of the

arrays is shown

in (b).

Figure 2:

EBSD colour coded map of an area in Figure 1. The wafer

surface is near {111} plane. Etch pits are alligned in arrays

parallel to {110} plane traces rather than {111} plane traces.

24

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

straight dislocation segments - is seen in four different

incident beam directions. The dislocation segments

are presented in Figure 4, red lines. The dislocations

are seen to lie in [211] directions in parallel (1-1-1)

planes. Their Burgers̀ vector is b = 1 / 2 [101] and their

ends are seen to line up in [-211] directions.

The dislocation line directions may be a result of im-

age forces. The interface between melt and solid dur-

ing solidification is most likely a (111) plane, see Figure

4. A dislocation moving in a (1-1-1) plane may have a

pure screw character. By the influence of image forces

the dislocation may move in the (10-1) plane being nor-

mal to (111) and thus reduce its length and energy.

The dislocation structures in the etch pit lines

may be formed by either 1) Frank-Read mechanisms

operating in a {110} plane or 2) rearrangements of

dislocations belonging to the same slip system into

sub-boundaries. The effect of image forces created at

the interface will in both cases be important, but slip

on {110} planes is only necessary in 1).

Maulid Kivambe and Otto Lohne

Pho

to: M

aulid

Kiv

ambe

(PhD

wor

k)P

hoto

: Mau

lid K

ivam

be (P

hD w

ork)

Figure 3:

TEM bright field (BF) images (a) - (c) and dark field image, g

= -220 (d) of a segment of one of the dislocation arrays. The

dislocation line direction is found to be [-211].

Figure 4:

Schematic illustration of the dislocation configuration as

observed by TEM. Thompson tetrahedron is ahown in (a).

25

Silicon solar cells are made from wafers being about

0.16 – 0.20 mm thick. The slicing of wafers from the ingot

is done by wire sawing in which a slurry consisting of

hard SiC particles and polyetylen glycol is transported

on a wire into the sawing area as shown in Figure 1.

The wire sawing process is a type of grinding explained

by the rolling-indentation theory in which the hard SiC

particles make indentations causing chipping. To study

the indentations in detail hardness indentations using

Vickers and Knoop indenters have been performed on a

(100) surface of a single crystal, see Figure 2.

The wire sawing process of silicon wafers studied by hardness indentations

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)

Figure 1:

The set-up in a wire saw (top) and details of the process

(middle and bottom).

Figure 2:

Sketch of shape of Vickers and Knoop (bottom) indenters

relative to [100] direction.

26

The hardness tests have been done by using loads up

to 500 gram and with varying the angle, α, between the

diagonal of the indenter and the [100] direction.

At low loads cracks are seen to start from the corners

of the indents. At higher loads chipping is observed (Fig.

3). The amount of chipping and the shape of the chips

vary with the orientation of the indenter diagonal rela-

tive to the [100] direction: At loads up to 100 gram the

number of chips formed are much higher when the angle

α is small than when it is near to 45°, Figures 4 and 5.

At room temperature and atmospherical pressure

silicon has a diamond crystal structure. Silicon is brit-

tle at these conditions. When loading silicon the crystal

structure may change to ductile crystal structures with

a higher density.

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)

Figure 3:

Knoop indent with chipping on one side. Note the

ductile -like structure in the bottom of the indent.

Figure 4:

The tendency to chipping as a function of α and load. Figure 5:

The tendency to chipping as a function of α and load.

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

27

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

Pho

to: B

jørn

ar E

spe

(Can

d.S

cien

t wor

k)P

hoto

: Bjø

rnar

Esp

e (C

and.

Sci

ent w

ork)

Figure 6:

At α = 50° cracking

from the cornes are

seen at a load of 100g

(left). At 300 g chips

are formed outside

the Vickers indent.

Note the stair case

structure inside the

indent.

Figure 7:

At α = 5° and a load

of 300 g the chipping

becomes more severe.

Note the change in

shape of the chips.

The variations in chipping may be explained by the phase

transformations. On loading the indenter may cause phase

transformation and dislocation formation near to the in-

dent. Upon unloading dislocations may relax depending on

the microstructure. When the angle α = 45° the number

of activated slip systems may be small during loading and

the amount of relaxation is substantial. This may be seen

as a staircase structure at the indent surface, see Figure

6. If α = 0 the number of activated slip systems may be

higher making relaxation more difficult when unloading.

In this case the dislocations may be stored and cause in-

ternal stresses when the crystal structure change back

to the diamond structure and causing severe chipping,

Figure 7.

Bjørnar Espe and Otto Lohne

28

PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS , BOOKS AND PATENTS

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Ambrova, M.; Fellner, P.; Thonstad, J.:Anodic reactions of sulphate in molten salts. Chemické zvesti 64 (2010) 8-14.

Anawati, X; Graver, B.K.F.; Nordmark, H.; Zhao, Z.; Frankel, G.S.; Walmsley, J.C.; Nisancioglu, K.: Multilayer corrosion of aluminum activated by lead. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) C313-C320.

Burheim, O.S.; Haarberg, G.M.:Effect of inert anodes in the FFC Cambridge reduction of hematite.Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 119 (2010) 77-81.

Chrenkova, M.; Silny, A.; Simko, F.; Thonstad, J.: Density of the NaAlF4 + KAlF4 electrolyte, saturated with alumina. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 55 (2010) 3438-3440.

Danielik, V.; Fellner, P.; Sykorova, A.; Thonstad, J.: Solubility of aluminum in cryolite-based melts. Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science 41 (2010) 430-436.

Evard, E.; Gabis, I.; Yartys, V.: Kinetics of hydrogen evolution from MgH2: Experimental studies, mechanism and modelling. International journal of hydrogen energy 35 (2010) 9060-9069.

Frazer, E.J.; Thonstad, J.: Alumina solubility and diffusion coefficient of the dissolved alumina species in low-temperature fluoride electrolytes. Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science 41 (2010) 543-548.

Ge, X.L.; Xiao, S.; Haarberg, G.M.; Seetharaman, S.: Salt extraction process - novel route for metal extraction part 3 - electrochemical behaviours of metal ions (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn) in molten (CaCl2-)NaCl-KCl salt system. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section C - Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 119 (2010) 163-170.

Gelgele, H.L.; Foggi, J.H.:Finite element based stress prediction for design of composite materials. International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation: (IWAMA2010): 25-27th September, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. Tapir Akademisk Forlag (2010) 149-156.

Graver, B.K.F; Van Helvoort, A.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of heat treatment on anodic activation of aluminium by trace element indium. Corrosion Science 52 (2010) 3774-3781.

Haarberg, G.M.:Sustainable electrolysis for electrowinning and electrorefining of metals.TMS 2010 139th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Supplemental Proceedings, Volume 2, Materials Characterization, Computation, Modeling and Energy (2010) 927-931.

Haarberg, G.M.; Armoo, J.P.; Gudbrandsen, H.; Skybakmoen, E.; Solheim, A.; Jentoftsen, T.E.: Current efficiency for aluminium electrowinning from cryolite-alumina melts in a laboratory cell. ECS Transactions 33 (2010) 175-179.

Haarberg, G.M.; Kjos, O.S.; Martinez, A.M.; Osen, K.S.; Skybakmoen, E.; Dring, K.: Electrochemical behaviour of dissolved titanium species in molten salts. ECS Transactions 33 (2010) 167-173.

Haarberg, G.M.; Kvalheim, E.; Ratvik, A.P.; Xiao, S.; Mokkelbost, T.: Depolarised gas anodes for aluminium electrowinning. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20 (2010) 2152-2154.

Haarberg, G.M.; Tang, S.; Osen, K.S.; Gudbrandsen, H.; Rolseth, S.; Kongstein, O.E.; Wang, S.: Electrorefining of metallurgical grade silicon in molten salts.TMS 2010 139th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Supplemental Proceedings, Volume 2, Materials Characterization, Computation, Modeling and Energy (2010) 143-150.

Hernandez-Fernandez, P.; Montiel, M.; Ocon, P.; Gomez, J.L.F.; Garcia-Rodriguez, S.; Rojas, S.; Fierro, J.L.G.: Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and application as supports for electrocatalysts in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 99 (2010) 343-352.

Holme, B.; Ljønes, N.; Bakken, A.; Lunder, O.; Lein, J.E.; Vines, L.; Hauge, T.; Bauger, Ø.; Nisancioglu, K.: Preferential grain etching of AlMgSi(Zn) model alloys. ECS Transactions 25 (2010) 71-79.

Holme, B.; Ljønes, N.; Bakken, A.; Lunder, O.; Lein, J.E.; Vines, L.; Hauge, T.; Bauger, Ø.; Nisancioglu, K.: Preferential grain etching of AlMgSi(Zn) model alloys. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) C424-C427.

Kawaguchi, K.; Haarberg, G.M.; Morimitsu, M.: Nano-architecture on the mud-cracked surface of IrO2-Ta2O5 binary system. ECS Transactions 25 (2010) 67-73.

Kjos, O.S.; Haarberg, G.M.; Martinez, A.M.: Electrochemical production of titanium from oxycarbide anodes. Key Engineering Materials 436 (2010) 93-101.

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Kongstein, O.E.; Haarberg, G.M.; Thonstad, J.: Mass transfer of protons during electrodeposition of cobalt in chloride electrolytes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) D335-D340.

Kongstein, O.E.; Haarberg, G.M.; Thonstad, J.: Anodic formation of cobalt oxide during electrowinning of cobalt in chloride electrolyte. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 329-336.

Larsen, M.H.; Walmsley, J.C.; Lunder, O.; Nisancioglu, K.: Effect of excess silicon and small copper content on intergranular corrosion of 6000-series aluminum alloys. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) C61-C68.

Laustad, G.; Johnsen, R.; Asbjørnsen, I.; Bjurstrøm, M.; Hjorth, C.G.: Resistance toward hydrogen-induced stress cracking of hot isostatically pressed duplex stainless steel under cathodic protection. Corrosion 66 (2010) 115004-1-115004-13.

Lervik, I.A.; Tsypkin, M.; Owe, L.-E.; Sunde, S.:Electronic structure vs. electrocatalytic activity of iridium oxide. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 645 (2010) 135-142.

Martinez, A.M.; Osen, K.S.; Kongstein, O.E.; Sheridan, E.; Ulyashin, A.; Haarberg, G.M.: Electrodeposition of silicon thin films from ionic liquids. ECS Transactions 25 (2010) 107-118.

Martinez, A.M.; Osen, K.S.; Skybakmoen, E.; Kjos, O.S.; Haarberg, G.M.; Dring, K.: New method for low-cost titanium production. Key Engineering Materials 436 (2010) 41-53.

Mokkelbost, T.; Paulsen, O.; Xiao, S.; Haarberg, G.M.; Ratvik, A.P.: Fabrication and properties of SnO2-based inert gas anodes for electrowinning. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 211-219.

Novak, F.; Plumere, N.; Schetter, B.; Speiser, B.; Straub, D.; Mayer, H.A.; Reginek, M.; Albert, K.; Fischer, G.; Meyer, C.; Egelhaaf, H.-J.; Børresen, B.: Redox-active silica nanoparticles. Part 4. Synthesis, size distribution, and electrochemical adsorption behavior of ferrocene- and (diamine)(diphosphine)-ruthenium(II)-modified Stober silica colloidal particles. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 14 (2010) 289-303.

Ochal, P.; Gomez, J.L.F.; Tsypkin, M.; Garcia-Rodriguez, S.; Seland, F.; Sunde, S.: CO-stripping at Ru nanoparticles. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 9-17.

Ofstad, A.B.; Thomassen, M.S.; Gomez, J.L.F.; Seland, F.; Møller-Holst, S.; Sunde, S.: Assessment of platinum dissolution from a Pt/C fuel cell cata-lyst: An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) B621-B627.

Olsen, E.; Rolseth, S.; Thonstad, J.: Electrocatalytic formation and inactivation of intermetallic compounds in electrorefining of silicon. Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science 41 (2010) 752-757.

Osen, K.S.; Martinez, A.M.; Rolseth, S.; Gudbrandsen, H.; Juel, M.; Haarberg, G.M.: Electrodeposition of crystalline silicon films from alkali fluoride mixtures.ECS Transactions 33 (2010) 429-438.

Owe, L.-E.; Lervik, I.A.; Tsypkin, M.; Syre, M.V.; Sunde, S.:Electrochemical behavior of iridium oxide films in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) B1719-B1725.

Seland, F.; Foss, C.E.L.; Tunold, R.; Harrington, D.A.:Increasing and decreasing mass transport effects in the oxidation of small organic molecules. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 203-210.

Seland, F.; Tunold, R.; Harrington, D.A.:Activating and deactivating mass transport effects in methanol and formic acid oxidation on platinum electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010) 3384-3391.

Sunde, S.; Lervik, I.A.; Tsypkin, M.; Owe, L.-E.: Impedance analysis of nanostructured iridium oxide electrocatalysts. Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010) 7751-7760.

Tang, S.; Haarberg, G.M.: Electrowinning of iron from alkaline solution. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 309-315.

Tang, S.; Sun, G.; Sun, S.; Qi, J.; Xin, Q.; Haarberg, G.M.: Double-walled carbon nanotubes as catalyst support in direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157 (2010) B1321-B1325.

Tang, S.; Sun, G.Q.; Qi, J.; Sun, S.G.; Guo, J.S.; Xin, Q.; Haarberg, G.M.: New carbon materials as catalyst supports in direct alcohol fuel cells. Cuihuà xuébào 31 (2010) 12-17.

Thonstad, J.; Vogt, H.: Terminating anode effects by lowering and raising the anodes - a closer look at the mechanism. Light Metals 2010. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (2010) 461-466.

Tunold, R.; Marshall, A.; Rasten, E.; Tsypkin, M.; Owe, L.-E.; Sunde, S.:Materials for electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution process in PEM water electrolysis cells. ECS Transactions 25 (2010) 103-117.

PUBLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEW JOURNALS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

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Xiao, S.; Mokkelbost, T.; Haarberg, G.M.; Ratvik, A.P.; Zhu, H.: Depolarized gas anodes for electrowinning of metals in molten salts. ECS Transactions 28 (2010) 361-366.


Aune, R.E.; Jönsson, P.:The Seetharaman seminar. Steel Research International 81 (2010) 811.

Ciftja, A.; Engh, T.A.; Tangstad, M.: A model of foam filters. Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science 41 (2010) 146-150.

Ciftja, A.; Engh, T.A.; Tangstad, M.:Wetting properties of molten silicon with graphite materials. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 41A (2010) 3183-3195.

Kaali, P.; Momcilovic, D.; Markström, A.; Aune, R.E.; Czel, G.; Karlsson, S.:Chemical and physical changes of biomedical polydimethylsiloxane during in-vivo exposure monitored by FE-SEM, ATR-FTIR and MALDI-TOF MS. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115 (2010) 802-810.

Kaali, P.; Stromberg, E.; Aune, R.E.; Czel, G.; Momcilovic, D.; Karlsson, S.: Antimicrobial properties of Ag+ loaded zeolite polyester polyurethane and silicone rubber and long-term properties after exposure to in-vitro ageing. Polymer degradation and stability 95 (2010) 1456-1465.

Kadkhodabeigi, M.; Tveit, H.; Johansen, S.T.: CFD modelling of the effect of furnace crater pressure on the melt and gas flows in the submerged arc furnaces used for silicon production. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal 10 (2010) 374-383.

Kolbeinsen, L.: Modelling of DRI processes with two simoultaneously active reducing gases. Steel Research International 81 (2010) 819-828.

Ringdalen, E.; Gaal, S.; Tangstad, M.; Ostrovski, O.: Ore melting and reduction in silicomanganese production. Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science 41 (2010) 1220-1229.

Seim, S.; Kolbeinsen, L.: Update on the equilibrium between liquid Fe-Ti-O slags and metallic iron. Steel Research International 81 (2010) 1051-1055.

Sørensen, B.E.; Gaal, S.; Ringdalen, E.; Tangstad, M.; Kononov, R.; Ostrovski, O.: Phase compositions of manganese ores and their change in the process of calcination. International Journal of Mineral Processing 94 (2010) 101-110.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Arvaniti, E.C.; Lioliou, M.G.; Paraskeva, C.A.; Payatakes, A.C.; Østvold, T.; Koutsoukos, P.G.: Calcium oxalate crystallization on concrete heterogeneities. Chemical engineering research & design 88 (2010) 1455-1460.

Bartonickova, E.; Wiik, K.; Maca, K.; Lein, H.L.; Rudberg, E.A.: Synthesis and oxygen transport properties of La0.2Sr0.8Fe1-xTixO3-d (x=0.2, 0.4) intended for syn-gas production.Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30 (2010) 605-611.

Garskaite, E.; Lindgren, M.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Luminescent properties of rare earth (Er, Yb) doped yttrium aluminium garnet thin films and bulk samples synthesised by an aqueous sol-gel technique.Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30 (2010) 1707-1715.

Guleryuz, H.; Kaus, I.; Filiatre, C.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Deposition of silica thin films formed by sol-gel method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 54 (2010) 249-257.

Kjølseth, C.; Fjeld, H.; Prytz, Ø.; Dahl, P.I.; Estournès, C.; Haugsrud, R.; Norby, T.: Space-charge theory applied to the grain boundary impedance of proton conducting BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 (-) (delta). Solid State Ionics 181 (2010) 268-275.

Konig, J.; Spreitzer, M.; Jancar, B.; Tolchard, J.R.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Suvorov, D.: Uniaxial stress dependence of the dielectric properties in the Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-NaTaO3 system. Journal of Materials Research 25 (2010) 1784-1792.

Petkov, V.; Selbach, S.M.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.; Shastri, S.D.: Melting of Bi sublattice in nanosized BiFeO3 perovskite by resonant X-ray diffraction. Physical Review Letters 105 (2010).

Selbach, S.M.; Tybell, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Phase transitions, electrical conductivity and chemical stability of BiFeO3 at high temperatures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 183 (2010) 1205-1208.

Sæterli, R.; Rørvik, P.M.L.; You, C.C.; Holmestad, R.; Tybell, T.; Grande, T.; Van Helvoort, A.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Polarization control in ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanorods. Journal of Applied Physics 108 (2010) 124320-1-124320-6.


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Sæterli, R.; Selbach, S.M.; Ravindran, P.; Grande, T.; Holmestad, R.: Electronic structure of multiferroic BiFeO3 and related compounds: Electron energy loss spectroscopy and density functional study. Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 82 (2010).

Toprak, M.S.; Darab, M.; Syvertsen, G.E.; Muhammed, M.: Synthesis of nanostructured BSCF by oxalate co-precipitation - As potential cathode material for solid oxide fuels cells.International journal of hydrogen energy 35 (2010) 9448-9454.

Xie, M.; Olderøy, M.Ø.; Andreassen, J.-P.; Selbach, S.M.; Strand, B.L.; Sikorski, P.: Alginate-controlled formation of nanoscale calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite mineral phase within hydrogel networks. Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010) 3665-3675.

Øye, H.A.; Brekken, H.; Nygaard, L.:Silicon for the chemical and solar industry X. Tapir Akademisk Forlag (2010) 370 pages.

PHYSICAL METALLURGY

Bellmann, M.P.; Meese, E.A.; Arnberg, L.:Impurity segregation in directional solidified multi-crystalline silicon. Journal of Crystal Growth 312 (2010) 3091-3095.

Brynjulfsen, I.; Bakken, A.; Tangstad, M.; Arnberg, L.:Influence of oxidation on the wetting behavior of liquid silicon on Si3N4-coated substrates.Journal of Crystal Growth 312 (2010) 2404-2410.

Ceccaroli, B.; Lohne, O.: Solar grade silicon feedstock. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, 2nd Edition (2010) 169-217.

Chen, Y.; Li, Y.; Walmsley, J.C.; Dumoulin, S.; Skaret, P.C.; Roven, H.J.: Microstructure evolution of commercial pure titanium during equal channel angular pressing. Materials Science & Engineering 527 (2010) 789-796.

Chen, Y.; Li, Y.; Walmsley, J.C.; Dumoulin, S.; Roven, H.J.:Deformation structures of pure titanium during shear deformation. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 41A (2010) 787-794.

Cui, J.; Kvithyld, A.; Roven, H.J.:Degreasing of aluminum turnings and implications for solid state recycling. Light Metals 2010. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (2010) 675-678.

Cui, J.; Roven, H.J.:Recycling of automotive aluminum.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20 (2010) 2057-2063.

Delaleau, P.P.; Beckermann, C.; Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.: Mesoscopic simulation of dendritic growth observed in X-ray video microscopy during directional solidification of Al–Cu alloys. ISIJ International 50 (2010) 1886-1894.

Denys, R.V.; Poletaev, A.A.; Solberg, J.K.; Tarasov, B.P.; Yartys, V.: LaMg11 with a giant unit cell synthesized by hydrogen metallurgy: Crystal structure and hydrogenation behavior. Acta Materialia 58 (2010) 2510-2519.

Dispinar, D.; Akhtar, S.; Nordmark, A.; Di Sabatino, M.; Arnberg, L.:Degassing, hydrogen and porosity phenomena in A356. Materials Science & Engineering 527 (2010) 3719-3725.

Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.: A 3D Monte Carlo study of the effect of grain boundary anisotropy and particles on the size distribution of grains after recrystallisation and grain growth. Computational materials science 48 (2010) 267-281.

Furu, J.; Buchholz, A.; Bergstrøm, T. H.; Marthinsen, K.: Heating and melting of single Al ingots in an aluminium melting furnace. Light Metals 2010. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (2010) 679-684.

Ganesan, S.M.; Moe, P.T.; Vinothkumar, P.; Audestad, J.I.; Salberg, B.; Valberg, H.S.; Solberg, J.K.; Burnell-Gray, J.S.; Rudd, W.: Establisment of heat treatment cycles for forge welded API L80 tubular joints.International Journal of Material Forming 3 (2010) 343-346.

Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Moen, K.E.; Ehlers, F.; Marioara, C.D.; Pedersen, K.O.; Marthinsen, K.: Matrix coherency strain and hardening of Al-Mg-Si. Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010) 229-234.

Kolar, M.; Pedersen, K.O.; Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Bruggemann, T.; Marthinsen, K.: The effect of deformation on the work hardening behaviour after aging of two commercial Al-Mg-Si alloys.Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010) 261-266.

Li, Y.; Chen, Y.; Walmsley, J.C.; Mathiesen, R.; Dumoulin, S.; Roven, H.J.: Faceted interfacial structure of {1011} twins in Ti formed during equal channel angular pressing. Scripta Materialia 62 (2010) 443-446.

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Lilleby, A.S.; Grong, Ø.; Hemmer, H.: Cold pressure welding of severely plastically deformed aluminium by divergent extrusion. Materials Science & Engineering 527 (2010) 1351-1360.

Lin, J.; Wang, Q.; Chen, Y.; Liu, M.; Roven, H.J.: Microstructure and texture characteristics of ZK60 Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20 (2010) 2081-2085.

Liu, M.P.; Roven, H.J.; Liu, X.T.; Murashkin, M.; Valiev, R.Z.; Ungar, T.; Balogh, L.: Grain refinement in nanostructured Al-Mg alloys subjected to high pressure torsion. Journal of Materials Science 45 (2010) 4659-4664.

Lohne, O.; Risvaag, J.A.; Ulseth, P.; Lohne, J.: The mint in the Nidaros Archbishop’s Palace. Coin production under Archbishop Gaute Ivarsson (1475-1510). Tapir Akademisk Forlag (2010) 179 pages.

Marthinsen, K.; Abtahi, S.; Holmedal, B.; Friis, J.; Nes, E.A.; Furu, T.: Modelling the work hardening behaviour of AlMgMn alloys. Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010) 285-290.

Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.; Li, Y.; Snigirev, A.; Snigireva, I.; Dahle, A.K.: X-ray video microscopy studies of irregular eutectic solidification microstructures in Al–Si–Cu alloys. ISIJ International 50 (2010) 1936-1940.

Myhr, O.R.; Grong, Ø.; Pedersen, K.O.: A combined precipitation, yield strength, and work hardening model for Al-Mg-Si alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 41 (2010) 2276-2289.

Schaffer, P.; Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.: In situ investigations of liquid-liquid phase separation in hypermonotectic alloys. Materials Science Forum 649 (2010) 149-158.

Schmidt, P.; Bast, J.; Aitsuradze, M.; Arnberg, L.: Hollow castings produced by interrupted low pressure die casting. International Journal of Cast Metals Research 23 (2010) 1-6.

Schwarzer, R.A.; Hjelen, J.: Orientation microscopy with fast EBSD. Materials Science and Technology 26 (2010) 646-649.

Snilsberg, K.E.; Westermann, I.; Holmedal, B.; Hopperstad, O.S.; Langsrud, Y.; Marthinsen, K.: Anisotropy of bending properties in industrial heat-treatable extruded aluminium alloys. Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010) 487-492.

Stokkan, G.: Relationship between dislocation density and nucleation of multicrystalline silicon. Acta Materialia 58 (2010) 3223-3229.

Syverud, K.; Xhanari, K.; Chinga-Carrasco, G.; Yu, Y.; Stenius, P.J.:Films made of cellulose nanofibrils: surface modification by adsorption of a cationic surfactant and characterization by computer-assisted electron microscopy. Journal of nanoparticle research (2010).

Takahashi, I.; Usami, N.; Kutsukake, K.; Stokkan, G.; Morishita, K.; Nakajima, K.: Generation mechanism of dislocations during directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon using artificially designed seed. Journal of Crystal Growth 312 (2010) 897-901.

Tangen, S.M.; Sjølstad, K.; Furu, T.; Nes, E.A.: Effect of concurrent precipitation on recrystallization and evolution of the P-texture component in a commercial Al-Mn alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 41A (2010) 2970-2983.

Walmsley, J.; Albertsen, J.Z.; Friis, J.; Mathiesen, R.: The evolution and oxidation of carbides in an Alloy 601 exposed to long term high temperature corrosion conditions. Corrosion Science 52 (2010) 4001-4010.

Wang, Q.D.; Chen, Y.; Liu, M.; Lin, J.B.; Roven, H.J.: Microstructure evolution of AZ series magnesium alloys during cyclic extrusion compression. Materials Science & Engineering 527 (2010) 2265-2273.

Westermann, I.; Hopperstad, O.S.; Marthinsen, K.; Holmedal, B.: Work-hardening behaviour of a heat-treatable AA7108 aluminium alloy deformed to intermediate strains by compression. Journal of Materials Science 45 (2010) 5323-5331.

Widerøe, F.; Welo, T.; Vestøl, H.: A new testing machine to determine the behaviour of aluminium granulate under combined pressure and shear. International Journal of Material Forming 3 (2010) 861-864.

Williams, M.; Lototsky, M.; Nechaev, A.; Yartys, V.; Solberg, J.K.; Denys, R.V.; Linkov, V.M.:Palladium mixed-metal surface-modified AB(5)-type intermetallides enhance hydrogen sorption kinetics.South African Journal of Science 106 (2010) 37-42.


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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Akhtar, S.:Hydrogen porosity in Al-Si foundry alloys. Doctoral thesis 2010:3. NTNU-trykk (2010). 154 pages.

Anawati: Effect of trace elements Pb and Bi on electrochemical activation of aluminium. Doctoral thesis 2010:185. NTNU-trykk (2010). 152 pages.

Andersen, S.J.; Marioara, C.D.; Torsæter, M.; Bjørge, R.; Ehlers, F.J.H.; Holmestad, R.; Reiso, O.; Røyset, J.: Behind structure and relation of precipitates in Al-Mg-Si and related alloys. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 1391-1396.

Aune, R.E.: Höftledsimplantat med längre livslängd. KTH&CO 4 (2010) 8.

Espelund, A.W.: Et kobberverk fra 1300-tallet. Kjemi 7/8 (2010).

Espelund, A.W.: Experimental ironmaking once more, combining theory and find material. EuroREA Journal of (Re)Construction and Experiment in Archaeology 7 (2010) 4-8.

Espelund, A.W.: The early stage of ferrous metallurgy in Norway (Russisk). Rossiiskaya arkheologiya = Rossijskaq arxeologiq 3 (2010) 44-50.

Furu, J.; Bergstrøm, T.H.; Marthinsen, K.: A comparison of air-fuel and low-temperature oxyfuel burners for aluminium heating and melting. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 2287-2292.

Jia, Z.; Friis, J.; Forbord, B.; Solberg, J.K.; Marthinsen, K.: The effect of alloying elements on the metastable Zr solid solubility and precipitation of L12 Al3Zr precipitates in aluminium alloys. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 2096-2101.

Kadkhodabeigi, M.; Tveit, H.; Berget, K.H.: Silicon process - new hood design for tapping gas collection. INFACON XII: Sustainable Future 1 (2010) 109-119.

Kjos, O.S.: Electrochemical production of titanium by using titanium oxycarbide anodes in molten salts. Doctoral thesis 2010:148. NTNU-trykk (2010). 107 pages.

Kline, J.; Tangstad, M.; Tranell, G.: Effects of calcium oxide on the silicate structure during slag refining of silicon: A Raman spectroscopic study.The Proceedings of the 25th EU PVSEC/WCPEC-5 (2010) 1510-1512.

Kolar, M.; Pedersen, K.O.; Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Teichmann, K.; Marthinsen, K.: The effect of deformation on the artificial aging response of an Al-Mg-Si alloy. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 435-440.

Larsen, M.H.: Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the interganular corrosion of aluminium alloys. Doctoral thesis 2010:116. NTNU-trykk (2010). 103 pages.

Lervik, I.A.: Electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction. A comparative study of anodically formed and nanostructured iridium oxides. Doctoral thesis 2010:26. NTNU-trykk (2010). 125 pages.

Madaro, F.: Synthesis of textured KXNa1-XNbO3 materials. Doctoral thesis 2010:36. NTNU-trykk (2010). 161 pages.

Monsen, B.E.; Ratvik, A.P.; Lossius, L.P.: Charcoal in anodes for aluminium production. Light metals (2010) 929-934.

Ofstad, A.B.:Increasing the lifetime of PEM fuel cells: A characterization of some degradation mechanisms. Doctoral thesis 2010:91. NTNU-trykk (2010). 90 pages.

Ryum, N.; Øfsti, A.: Forord til “Naturen og grekerne - og naturvitenskap og humanisme”. Naturen og grekerne - og - Naturvitenskap og humanisme. Tapir (2010) 9-14.

Ryum, N.; Øfsti, A.: Naturen og grekerne - og - Naturvitenskap og humanisme. Tapir (2010). 187 pages. Ryum, N.; Øfsti, A.: Sluttnoter. Naturen og grekerne - og - Naturvitenskap og humanisme. Tapir (2010).

Rørvik, S.; Lossius, L.P.; Linga, H.; Ratvik, A.P.:Characterization of surface topography on carboxy reactivity residue. Light metals (2010) 1031-1036.

Sørlie, M.; Øye, H.A.: Cathodes in aluminium electrolysis. Aluminium-Verlag Marketing & Kommunikation GmbH (2010). 662 pages.

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Teichmann, K.; Marioara, C.D.; Pedersen, K.O.; Gulbrandsen-Dahl, S.; Kolar, M.; Andersen, S.J.; Marthinsen, K.: The effect of deformation on the precipitation behaviour of an AlMgSi alloy. A HRTEM study. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 1027-1032.

Thonstad, J.; Fellner, P.; Haarberg, G.M.; Hives, J.; Kvande, H.; Sterten, Å.: Aluminium electrolysis 3rd edition. Metallurgical Industry Press (2010). 432 pages.

Tschöpe, K.:Degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Héroult cells. Autopsies and FEM simulations. Doctoral thesis 2010:241. NTNU-trykk (2010). 173 pages.

Tschöpe, K.; Rutlin, J.L.; Grande, T.: Chemical degradation map for sodium attack in refractory linings. Light metals (2010) 841-847.

Wang, Z.: Aging of Si3N4-bonded SiC sidewall materials in Hall-Héroult cells. Material characterization and computer simulation. Doctoral thesis 2010:229. NTNU-trykk (2010). 168 pages.

Wang, Z.; Rutlin, J.L.; Grande, T.: Sodium diffusion in cathode lining in aluminium electrolysis cells. Light metals (2010) 871-876.

Westermann, I.; Snilsberg, K.E.; Holmedal, B.; Hopperstad, O.S.; Marthinsen, K.: Bendability and fracture behaviour of heat-treatable extruded aluminium alloys.Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2010) 595-600.

Yartys, V.; Denys, R.V.; Mæhlen, J.P.; Webb, C.J.; Gray, E.M.A.; Blach, T.; Poletaev, A.A.; Solberg, J.K.; Isnard, O.: Nanostructured metal hydrides for hydrogen storage studied by in situ synchrotron and neutron diffraction. MRS Symposium Proceedings: 1262: In-Situ and Operando Probing of Energy Materials at Multiscale Down to Single Atomic Column-The Power of X-Rays, Neutrons and Electron Microscopy. Materials Research Society (2010).

Zhao, D.: Processing and properties of direct reduced iron pellets containing material for control of steel structure. Doctoral thesis 2010:42. NTNU-trykk (2010). 150 pages.

Østvold, T.; Mackay, E.J.; McCartney, R.A.; Davis, I.; Aune, E.: Re-development of the Frøy Field: Selection of the injection water. Proceedings of the 10th SPE International Conference on Oilfield Scale (2010).

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OTHER REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

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LABORATORIES AND EQUIPMENT

METALLOGRAPHY LABORATORY

Professor Jan Ketil Solberg has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Senior Engineer Pål Ulseth and Staff Engineer Torild Krogstad are responsible for the daily management. Location: AGV2: E-508, E-514, E-514A and E-520.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory consists of equipment for sampling, metallographic preparation, documentation and characterization of prepared surfaces in general for light microscopy but also for SEM and TEM. Hardness testing. Classical metallographic preparation equipment: Abrasive cutting, grinding and polishing. Mounting press, grinding and polishing machines, semiautomatic preparation machines. Equipment for marking, precision cutting, ultrasonic cleaning and drying. We do electrolytic polishing of specimens to be examined in SEM / TEM. Several light microscopes with digital cameras with accompanying software for image analysis. Micro and macro hardness testers. Sigmascope for measuring electrical resistance.

HEAT TREATMENT LABORATORY

Professor Jan Ketil Solberg has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Senior Engineer Pål Ulseth is responsible for the daily management. Location: AGV2: A-441 and “Smeltehallen”.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with furnaces to heat treat materials. 4 muffle furnaces: Naberterm T > 1100°C, Naberterm T > 1280°C, Naberterm T > 1100°C air circulated and Heraus T > 750°C air circulated. Tube furnaces T > 1000 °C. 10 saltbaths for 300-600°C heat treatment and 5 oilbaths for the temperature range RT - 200°C. Abrasive cutting: 3 Discotomes.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE LABORATORY

Professor Jarle Hjelen and Professor Jan Ketil Solberg have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Close co-operation with the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering. Location: AGV2: F-361, F-362, F-369, F-370 and F-373.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with several electron microscopes; SEM, FESEM, LVSEM, FIB, TEM and EPMA, as well as equipment for preparing specimens for these microscopes. JEM-2010 TEM with Oxford ISIS EDS, Gatan GIF200 Electron energy loss analysis: Characterization of crystal structure and micro/nano structures down to atomic level. FEI, FIB200: Preparation of specimens for SEM/EBSD and TEM. JEOL JXA-8500F EPMA, microprobe analyzer with 5 WDS and JED EDS: Determination of local chemical composition and microstructures down to nano level. Zeiss ULTRA 55 Limited Edition FESEM with EDAX Pegasus XM2 EDS system, in-situ tensile sub stage (including moduls for heating and cooling), NORDIF UF-1000 EBSD detector: high resolution electron imaging, crystal orientation mapping, X-ray microanalysis, in-situ deformation at temperatures between - 60º C and + 750ºC. Zeiss SUPRA 55 VP LVFESEM with Bruker 800 EDS system, NORDIF CD-200 EBSD with large area EBSD mapping function: high resolution electron imaging, X-ray microanalysis, EBSD mapping of large Si wafers. Hitachi SU-6600 FESEM with Bruker EDS, CL and NORDIF UF-1000 off-line EBSD system: high current FESEM for fast EDS and EBSD acquisition. 2 Jeol JSM 840 SEMs, one is equipped with an in-house made nano soldering unit, the other with a dedicatated on-line NORDIF EBSD system for Si wafer characterisation.Fischione: 200 dimpling grinder, 170 ultrasonic disk cutter, ion mill model 1010: specimen preparation for TEM. ION TECH ion sputter: Preparation of SEM specimens. Fischione plasma cleaner, model 1020: Cleaning of specimens prior to installation in SEM/TEM/Microprobe analyser. Agar turbo carbon coater: coating of non conducting SEM and EPMA specimens. Edwards sputter coater S150S: Au-coating of non conducting SEM specimens. In-house made multifunction high vacuum pumping unit for testing of vacuum compatibility of specimens. Alcatel ASM He leak detection instrument.

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MECHANICAL TESTING/FORMABILITY LABORATORY

Professor Hans Jørgen Roven and Professor Bjørn Holmedal (rolling and hot torsion) have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: E-112, E-S004, E-S008 and A-K047.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with modern units for tensile testing, fatigue, fracture toughness, compression, bending, simple shear, accelerated creep, superplastic properties, multi-scale measurements, nanostructuring metals by severe plastic deformation (ECAP), formability tests, extrusion, forging, special pressure tests at high T, mechanical refinement of metals, hydroforming at room temperature and cold rolling and hot torsion testing. For mechanical characterization of metals and materials: Two servohydraulic computerized universal test machines (100 kN in tension/compression): MTS 810 and MTS 880. The forming, formability and nanostructuring units include 1 manual hydraulic press (60 tons) and 1 computerized servohydraulic MTS 1000 kN press with a second biaxial servohydraulic actuator (100 kN). The press units have special tools for nanostructuring of metals such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), continuous ECAP, double axis ECAP, high pressure torsion (HPT), but also special dies for hydroforming, formability testing and backward extrusion. Strain analyses and forming limit diagrams (FLDs) can be established based on automatic 3D strain analyses (ASAME) or digital speckle correlation analyses (DSCA). There are also special units for new extrusion technologies. The cold rolling mills are 1 servohydraulic one-stand (maximum 150 mm width) and 1 electricity powered small scale mill. A servohydraulic hot torsion unit is internally constructed and has computerized control and data acquisition.

METAL SOLIDIFICATION/CASTING LABORATORY

Professor Lars Arnberg has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: K-007 and access to SINTEF Foundry laboratory, Richard Birkelands vei.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory has equipment for solidification experiments and aluminium alloy production. 3 resistance furnaces for melting 1–5 kg metal at temperature up to 1000°C. Computer equipment: Software for recording temperature during solidification. Melt viscosimeter: The equipment is used to measure rheological properties of partly solidified metal up to 1000°C.The foundry has an induction furnace for iron and steel with 100 kg capacity, a drop coil induction furnace and a resistance furnace for melting100 kg of aluminium with rotary degassing equipment. There is also a low pressure casting unit with 150 kg melt capacity. The lab also has sand moulding facilities including core shooter and a sand/resin mixing unit. Melt diagnostic equipment includes ALSPEC H hydrogen analyser PODFA, reduced pressure test and computer logging facilities.

SOLAR SILICON SOLIDIFICATION LABORATORY

Professor Lars Arnberg has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: GM-103.

Equipment (description and specification)The Heliosi-laboratory is a clean room class 10 000 (particles/foot3) and equipped for crystallization of high purity PV Si. Bridgman pilot scale furnace type Crystalox DS 250 for directional solidification of silicon ingots up to 12 kg Si. Typical size: Diameter: 250 mm, height: 100-120 mm. Equipment for protective crucibles coating including automatic coating and a muffle furnace for firing of the coating.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICON – SOLAR CELL MATERIALS LABORATORY

Associate Professor Marisa Di Sabatino and Research Scientist Gaute Stokkan have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: GM-110, GM-104 and E-418.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory consists of different activities of material characterization. Carrier lifetime measurements: QSSPC (quasi steady state photoconductance) and CDI (carrier density imaging). PVScan 6000: Maps dislocation density on etched surfaces over large areas. Infrared radiography: Shows inclusions and cracks in silicon. LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current): Local short circuit current of solar cells. Furnaces for high temperature annealing in protective atmosphere, T < 1400°C: Studies of stability of microstructure during annealing/cooling. GDMS (glow discharge mass spectrometer): Trace element analysis in Si and Al Concentrations down to ~ 1 ppb. FPP (four point probe) resistivity measurements: Control of resistivity and doping level. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy): Measures concentration of oxygen and carbon in silicon. Suns-Voc: Estimates IV-curves during and after cell processing.


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SILICON SOLAR CELL – ETCHING LABORATORY

Associate Professor Marisa Di Sabatino and Research Scientist Gaute Stokkan have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: E-114.

Equipment (description and specification)The major part of the equipment is high temperature furnaces used for developing and studying industrial high temperature processes, as refining of liquid metal and production of ferroalloys and silicon. In this, also characterization of raw materials to these processes is of importance. One phase furnace: 150 kW, top and bottom electrode. ASEA induction furnace: 50 kg, 2000°C. Baltzer vacuum induction furnace: Low vacuum, 2000°C. ”New” vacuum ind. furnace: High vacuum, 2000°C. Elotherm furnace: 500 kg, 2000°C. Crucible (Al) furnace. Electromagnetic furnace. Plasma rotary furnace: 20kg/h, >2000°C. PPM reactor. Versatilie furnace: g scale, 2400°C. Tubefurnace 1: (red/ox). Graphite tube furnaces 1-3:/ g scale. Tubefurnaces 2-3: g scale, 2400°C. DisVaDRI furnace: (red/inert), 500 g, 1200°C. TGA/DTA (lowtemp): 830. TGA/DTA (hightemp): 2400°C, 0,3g. El. res. furnace. Wettability furnaces: mg scale, 1800°C. Cold crucible furnace. Meltspinner. Muffel furnace. Drier. Mill. Crushing equipment. Sieves. Axialpress.

PROCESS METALLURGY/METALS PRODUCTION LABORATORY

Professor Merete Tangstad, Professor Leiv Kolbeinsen, Professor Ragnhild Aune and Associate Professor Gabriella Tranell have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: GM-118, E-118, E-204, E-214, “Smeltehallen”, K-013, K-020 and K-03x.

Equipment (description and specification)The major part of the equipment is high temperature furnaces used for developing and studying industrial high temperature processes, as refining of liquid metal and production of ferroalloys and silicon. In this, also characterization of raw materials to these processes is of importance. One phase furnace: 150 kW, top and bottom electrode. ASEA induction furnace: 50 kg, 2000°C. Baltzer vacuum induction furnace: Low vacuum, 2000°C. ”New” vacuum ind. furnace: High vacuum, 2000°C. Elotherm furnace: 500 kg, 2000°C. Crucible (Al) furnace. Electromagnetic furnace. Plasma rotary furnace: 20kg/h, >2000°C. PPM reactor. Versatilie furnace: g scale, 2400°C. Tubefurnace 1: (red/ox). Graphite tube furnaces 1-3:/ g scale. Tubefurnaces 2-3: g scale, 2400°C. DisVaDRI furnace: (red/inert), 500 g, 1200°C. TGA/DTA (lowtemp): 830. TGA/DTA (hightemp): 2400°C, 0,3g. El. res. furnace. Wettability furnaces: mg scale, 1800°C. Cold crucible furnace. Meltspinner. Muffel furnace. Drier. Mill. Crushing equipment. Sieves. Axialpress.

DIFFRACTOMETER LABORATORY

Professor Bjørn Holmedal has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: AGV2: A-347.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with a diffractometer, an instrument for measuring X-ray diffraction. In addition there is software for analyzing the metal texture, i.e. the statistical distribution of crystal orientations in a metal (pole figures, orientation distribution function (odf)). X-ray diffractometer: Siemens D5000. Texture software: Bruker.

CHEMISTRY BUILDING II STUDENTLABORATORY

B2-100, B2-114 and B2-169: Associate Professor Hilde Lea Lein has overall scientific responsibility. Engineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl and Senior Engineer Elin Harboe Albertsen are responsible for the daily management. B2-117, B2-123 and B2-129: Associate Professor Hilde Lea Lein has overall scientific responsibility. Senior Engineer Eli Beate Jakobsen is responsible for the daily management. Location: B2 in “Realfagbygget”: B2-100, B2-114, B2-117, B2-123, B2-129 and B2-169 (student laboratories), B2-109, B2-116 and B2-130 (balance rooms), B2-132 (furnace room), B2-120 and B2-118 (storage rooms), B2-141 (preparation laboratory room), B2-111 and B2-116b (offices).

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratories are used for laboratory courses in general chemistry for 1.st grade students, and are equipped with general equipment and instrumentation for this activity. 50 pH- meters. 9 spectrophotometers, 90 volt meters, 12 power regulators, 9 drying cupboards, 12 centrifuges, 12 analytical balances and 6 balances.

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LABORATORY FOR CERAMIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry building II: 001, 008, 011, 018, 022, 032B, 035, 107, 119 and 125. AGV2: Hot press laboratory.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory consists of equipment for ceramics processing and engineering: powder synthesis, powder handling, green body formation, firing and machining of ceramics. It is also equipped for the preparation of ceramic thin films and coatings. Spray pyrolyser: Pilot scale equipment for the manufacture of ceramic oxide powders, capacity of 10 kg per day. Wet chemical synthesis of ceramic and inorganic materials: Chemical synthesis equipment, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonic finger, rotavapor, autoclave for hydrothermal synthesis, autoclave for super critical drying, centrifuge, incubator. Handling, dispersion and milling of powder: Viscometer, ball mill, planetary mill, attrition mill, drying cupboard. Manufacturing of films of ceramic and inorganic materials on substrates: Dip coaters, spray coaters, spin coater. Equipment for manufacture of green bodies of ceramic materials: Presses, laminating press, extruder, tapecaster. Drying, calcination and firing of ceramic materials: Chamber furnaces, tube furnaces, high temperature furnaces, hot presses, clean room furnaces. Grinding and polishing: Polishing equipment, grinding equipment, cutting tools.

LABORATORY FOR CERAMIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, CHARACTERIZATION

Professor Kjell Wiik has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry building II: 014, 018, 032B, 034B, 103 and 107. Perleporten: Lab.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped for the characterization of microstructural, thermal, physical, structural and mechanical properties of ceramics. Mechanical testing: Biaxial tester, beam bending of gels to measure mechanical strength and permeability, equipment for 4-points bending test and creep test of ceramic materials at temperatures up to 1100 degrees under controlled atmosphere. Thermal analysis: Thermogravimetric analysis equipment (TGA), thermogravimetric analysis equipment with attached mass spectrometer, differential thermoanalysis equipment (DTA, DSC), and dilatometers. Particle size/surface: Nitrogen adsorption equipment for measuring of surface area and pore size, particle size analyser, and He pycnometer. Transport and dielectric properties: Equipment for measuring electrical conductivity and conductivity relaxation, measuring of gas permeability, characterisation of fuel cells and characterisation of dielectric and piezoelectric properties (Ferrotester). Spectroscopi: FTIR and UV-Vis instruments.

LABORATORY FOR POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Professor Tor Grande has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Responsible departments are Department of Materials Science and Engineering and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry. Location: Chemistry building II: 113.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with four X-ray diffractometers for quantitative and qualitative X-ray diffraction of powder, films and monoliths at ambient temperature as well as low and high temperature under controlled atmosphere. Siemens D5005, unit A: High resolution diffractometer (θ-2θ) with primary monochromator for CuKα1 radiation, scintillator detector. Siemens D5005, unit B: Diffractometer with secondary monochromator, scintillator detector and PSD detector, 40 position sample changer, high temperature camera and sample holder for capillary geometry, Göbel mirror and Soller slits for grazing incidence measurements. Bruker D8 Focus: Diffractometer with PSD detector (LynxEye), 9 position sample changer. Bruker D8 Advance: Diffractometer with PSD detector (Våntec-1), 9 position sample changer, high temperature camera, low temperature camera.

LABORATORY FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN CHEMISTRY BUILDING II

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry building II: 033.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory is equipped with one Scanning Electron Microscope with attached Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy system (EDS) to perform element analysis. Hitachi S-3400 N Electron microscope: Low vacuum electron microscope with SE,BSE detector and Oxford Instruments EDS system. Detector for EBDS analysis. Carbon coater Cressington Carbon Coater: Coating of carbon on samples. Edwards sputter Coater S150B: Sputter station for coating of gold onto samples. Microscope: Leica light microscope.


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LABORATORY FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Professor Svein Sunde and Associate Professor Frode Seland have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry Building II: 225, 223, 219, 215, 213, 207, 201 and 014.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory contains equipment for electrochemical measurements, synthesis and applied fuel cell work. Two UNIlab MBraun glove boxes: One for storage of special compounds and chemicals, and one for assembly and characterization of Li-ion batteries. One electrochemical set-up for experiments in controlled atmosphere (Par 273A with Solartron 1250 frequency analyzer). Cleaning of glass ware and preparation of electrolytes: Dish washer, hydrogen peroxide bath, hot plate, fume hood and MilliQ water installation (deinoized water). Synthesis of electrocatalysts: Tubular furnace, ultrasonic bath, heating cabinet, technical scales, centrifuge, Zeta potential measuring equipment, PZC - auto titration equipment, stations for drying electrodes and electrode preparation. Standard Electrochemical measurement set-ups: Potentiostats, arbitrary function generators, computers with special software, water baths. Standard Electrochemical measurement set-ups for elevated temperature: Potentiostats, arbitrary function generators, computers with special software, autoclaves and heating cabinets. Electrochemical measurement set-up for rotating (ring) disk electrode: Potentiostats, RDE motors, shafts and electrodes of various compounds and design (Pine inst. Tacussel/Radiometer). Electrochemical measurement for impedance spectroscopy: Potentiostats, sine-wave generators, frequency response analyzers, computers with specialised software. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance: Potentiostats, frequency counter, faraday cage of special design and functionality (including reference quartz crystal), computer with specialised software. Spraying of electrodes and MEA preparation: Manual air brush of various sizes, automatic computer controlled spray stations, screen print, hot press, heating cabinets and analytical scale in an “environmental room”. Fuel cell activity: Three individual low temperature PEMFC test stations with load box, data loggers, humidifiers, flow controls, temperature controls, etc. Test station for high temperature PEMFC activity for small organic molecules including evaporator. Stack testing station, Sintalyzer, Ion chromatograph. Photoelectrochemistry: Potentiostats with arbitrary function generator and computer with specialised software. High power Xenon lamp, monochromator, lock-in amplifier, chopper. UV-vis. FTIR.

LABORATORY FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY (AFM/STM)

Professor Svein Sunde has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry building II: 003A.

Equipment (description and specification)The laboratory contains two atomic force microscopy / scanning probe microscopy installations (Agilent (2009) and Veeco) with electrochemical cell/environmental chamber, potentiostat and function generator for electrochemical measurements. Agilent SPM: Sample holders, SPM scanners, electrochemical cell and environmental chamber, air floating tables for noise rejections, ancillary hardware for operating the installations. Veeco SPM: Sample holders, SPM scanners, electrochemical cell, air floating tables for noise rejections, ancillary hardware for operating the installations.

LABORATORY FOR CORROSION AND SURFACE TECHNOLOGY

Professor Kemal Nisancioglu and Professor Geir Martin Haarberg have overall scientific responsibility for the laboratory. Location: Chemistry building II: 001, 307, 313, 321 and 323.

Equipment (description and specification)Laboratories are organised both for teaching and research. Specimen preparation, metallography, optical microscopy, electrochemical testing and characterization, video equipment synchronised with electrochemical polarization equipment. Surface treatment and aqueous electrolysis: Etching, anodizing, metal deposition and winning, electroplating and polishing. Hydrogen penetration and diffusion in metals. Standardised corrosion testing: Autoclave testing, stress corrosion cracking, salt spray testing. Metallographic equipment (grinding/polishing), digital light microscope, various electrochemical testing/characterisation equipment, hydrogen-diffusion cells (Devanathan/Stachurski), autoclaves for corrosion tests at high pressure/temperature, tensioner for tension corrosion tests, salt spray cabinet, furnaces for heat treatment of samples and various workshop tools for cutting, sawing, drilling etc for sample preparation.

ELECTROLYSIS LABORATORY IN CHEMISTRY BUILDING II

Responsible scientific employee is Professor Geir Martin Haarberg. Location: Chemistry building II: 413 and 419.

Equipment (description and specification)Glove box (Braun): Dry argon athmosphere, and vacuum pump in room 419. Glove box (Vac): High temperature furnace for experiments in salt melts, room 413. Additional furnaces: For experiments in salt melts up to 1000 ºC, both traditional tube furnaces with water cooling, and “gold film” furnaces. Oil bath and teflon cell: With rotating electrode for studies of Fe-precipitation from hydroxide electrolytes at temperatures up to 120 ºC. Vacuum equipment: With glassware and connections for salt treatment included vacuum pumps and diffusion pump. Electrochemical measuring equipment: Potensiostats with impedance measuring equipment.

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LABORATORY FOR ELECTROLYSIS IN PILOTPLANT FACILITY

Professor Geir Martin Haarberg and Head of Department Arne Petter Ratvik have overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry building 5 ground floor.

Equipment (description and specification)High temperature furnaces, gas outlets (argon) and watercooling system, a small workshop for sawing and preparation of equipment for high temperature experiments, a storage room for equipment for high temperature experiments and chemicals, apparatus for the manufacture of anodes for aluminium electrolysis, apparatus with vacuum pump for manufacture of waterfree AlF3, some large furnaces for special experiments are situated in the ground floor, and electrochemical measuring equipment, mainly potentiostats with impedance measuring equipment.

CARBON LABORATORY

Head of Department Arne Petter Ratvik has overall scientific responsibility for the lab. Location: Chemistry Building II: 303 and Chemistry Hall: 101, 101C, 160, 164 and storage room 054.

Equipment (description and specification)Three electrolysis furnaces with temperature controllers: Hewlett-Packard 6269B DC, 6264B DC. Oxide feeding systems and power supplies: Eurotherm 902P, 2408, 2404. Hot air driers: Thermaks Series TS8000. Specific electrical resistivity: RDC-150. Air reactivity: RDC No. 599 - 145. Sodium expansion (Rapoport): RDC No. 497 - 193. Thermal conductivity: RDC No. 178 - 190. Thermal dilatometry. Sodium vapor exposure. CO2- and air reactivity furnace. Roller mixer. Furnace for carbon sample baking: Nabertherm Mod N 150 H. Four hot air driers: Thermaks Series TS8000. Eirich mixer, 20 liter. Vibrocompactor: S130 Svedala A/S. Ball mill: Herzog – HSM100H. Crusher: Form + Test Prufsysteme 506/500/20 D-S. Fischer rammer: RDC No. 604 - 194. Two drilling stations: Strands type S 68. Six diamond saws: Struers labotom, Cuto 20 - Jeanwirtz, Steinadler, Conrad D - 38678, Clipper Majar, Delta - LB300. Jaw crusher: Retsch BB1. Hydraulic press: Lloyd Instruments Ltd, Type LR100K.

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Vacuum induction furnace.

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Speaker Topic

January 21Dr. Petr Krtil, Senior Scientist J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic.

Structural aspects of electrocatalyst design.

February 5 Researcher Mikhail Tsypkin, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Nanocrystalline Ir-oxide based anode electrocatalyst for PEM water electrolysers.

February 12 PhD Per Martin Rørvik, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Annealing effect on the domain orientation in PbTiO3 nanorods.

February 19 Professor Heiko Hessenkemper, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany.

New glass concepts for solar energy.

February 26 PhD student Mahdi Darab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Synthesis and characterization of platinum/carbon electrocatalysts using different techniques.

March 5 Researcher Ana Maria Martinez, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry.

Electrodeposition of Si thin films from ionic liquids.

March 12 Professor Kjell Wiik, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Membrane materials for oxygen and syn-gas production.

March 19 PhD Sverre Magnus Selbach, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Local and average structure of inorganic nanoparticles.

April 16 PhD student Lars-Erik Owe, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

The effect of the electrolyte on the electrochemical properties of anodically formed iridium oxide.

April 23 Adjunct Professor Asbjørn Solheim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Aluminium electrolysis – from Søderberg anodes to CO2-free aluminium production.

April 30 PhD student Magnus Rotan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Phase composition, microstructure and resistance to attrition of alumina-based supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.

May 7 PhD student Jiregna Hirko Foggi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Lifetime modelling of overhead power lines exposed to marine atmosphere.

May 12 Researcher Shuihua Tang, Department of Materials Sci-ence and Engineering, NTNU.

Effect of methanol on the electrochemical behaviour of a Pt/C catalyst layer.

September 10 Professor Richard Haverkamp, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Hard and soft materials. Three recent synchrotron and atomic force microscope studies: Sheep, nanoparticles and single molecule manipulation.

September 17 PhD student Hasan Güleryüz, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Measurement of forces between silica surfaces by colloidal probe AFM technique.

CHEMISTRY BUILDING II (KII)–SEMINARS, ENERGY AND MATERIALSDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFridays 12.30 in KII (Chemistry building II)Seminar leader: Reidar Tunold

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September 24 Professor emeritus Arne Espelund, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Three methods for carbon control in direct ironmaking during the period 300 BC to 1800 AD.

October 1 PhD Jonas Gurauskis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Technical aspects of ceramic processing: Colloidal and laser based techniques applied for advanced ceramic shaping.

October 8 Dr. Vanesa Gil Hernandez, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Fabrication of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) from nanopowders based on ceria.

October 15 Professor emeritus Terje Østvold, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Re-development of the Frøy Field: Selection of the injection water.

October 22 Researcher Karen Sende Osen, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry.

Electrodeposition of crystalline silicon films from alkali fluoride mixtures.

October 29 PhD student Morten Tjelta, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Photoassisted water splitting on semiconductive oxides.

November 5 PhD student Esma Senel, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Synergistic effect of trace elements gallium and tin on electrochemical behaviour of aluminium.

November 12 Associate Professor Fride Vullum-Bruer, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Synthesis and characterization of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.

November 19 Professor Ragnhild E. Aune, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Electrochemical and wear properties of Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass with respect to use as a medical implant material.

November 26 PhD student Juan Tan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Effect of trace element Sn on anodic activation of aluminium.

December 3 PhD student Heiko Gaertner, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU.

Particulate emissions from aluminium electrolysis cells.

December 10 PhD Odne Burheim, Department of Chemistry, NTNU. Electric power from mixing sea and river water.

CHEMISTRY BUILDING II (KII)–SEMINARS, ENERGY AND MATERIALS

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Multiple twinnings in pure Ti processed by room

temperature ECAP.

43

Speaker Topic

January 21 Dr. Petr Krtil, Senior Scientist J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic.

Structural aspects of electrocatalyst design.

February 5 Dr. Dimitry Kozodaev, NT-MDT Europe, The Netherlands. Integrated multifunctional systems based on the atomic

force microscopy for advanced materials.

February 11 Professor Arne Kristian Dahle, University of Queensland, Australia.

Understanding and controlling eutectic reactions in Al-Si alloys.

February 11 Dr. Giulio Timelli, University of Padova, Italy. Aluminium foundry: From traditional to innovative

processes .

February 19 Professor Heiko Hessenkemper, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany.

New glass concepts for solar energy.

March 18 Professor Marija Kosec, Electronic Ceramics Department Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Mechanically activated solid state synthesis of ceramic materials: From lead free piezolectrics to transparent conductive oxides.

June 24 Professor Geoff Scamans, Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University, United Kingdom.

Aluminium sustainability: Cans to cars.

September 10 Professor Richard Haverkamp, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Hard and soft materials. Three recent synchrotron and atomic force microscope studies: Sheep, nanoparticles and single molecule manipulation.

September 14 Professor emeritus David Embury, formerly Professor at Mc Master University, Canada.

Fracture of metals defining useful limits.

September 16 Professor emeritus David Embury, formerly Professor at Mc Master University, Canada.

Developing microstructures to produce ultrahigh strength metallic materials.

October 15 Dr. Ole Runar Myhr, Hydro, Norway. Process chain simulations in manufacturing of aluminium

automotive components.

October 15 Dr. Øystein Hop, Hydro, Norway. Harnessing the sun – aluminium for the solar industry.

October 28 Dr. Andreas Afseth, Alcan Centre de Recherces de Voreppe, France.

Functional aluminium surfaces for solar energy conversion .

GUEST LECTURERS

44

STAFF

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg

Professor, PhD Ragnhild Elizabeth Aune

Professor emeritus Jon Arne Bakken

Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Professor emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald Abel Engh

Adjunct Professor, PhD Olaf Engler

Professor emeritus Arne Wang Espelund

Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande

Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong

Professor, Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen

Pofessor, Dr.scient. Bjørn Holmedal

Lecturer, Sigrid Hakvåg, from June 21, 2010

Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Harald Justnes

Adjunct Professor, PhD Morten Karlsen,

from September 1, 2010

Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen

Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein

Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Odd-Arne Lorentsen,

from March 1, 2010

Associate Professor, PhD Marisa Di Sabatino Lundberg,

from June 1, 2010

Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen

Adjunct Professor, PhD Mohammed M’Hamdi

Professor emeritus, M.Sc.Eng. Ketil Motzfeldt

Professor emeritus, PhD Erik Nes

Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu

Professor emeritus Sverre Olsen

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne Paulsen

Adjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Oddvin Reiso

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Christian Rosenkilde

Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terkel Rosenqvist

Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven

Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils Ryum

Associate Professor, PhD Frode Seland

Associate Professor, PhD Sverre Magnus Selbach,

to June 30, 2010

Professor, Dr.philos Jan Ketil Solberg

Adjunct Professor, Asbjørn Solheim, from March 1, 2010

Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Morten Sørlie

Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad

Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar Thonstad

Associate Professor, PhD Gabriella Tranell

Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold

Professor emeritus Johan Kristian Tuset

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard Tveit

Associate Professor, PhD Fride Vullum-Bruer

Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik

Adjunct Professor, PhD Volodymyr Yartys

Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes

Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terje Østvold

Adjunct Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Eivind Johannes

Øvrelid

Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Harald Arnljot Øye

TECHNICAL STAFF

Senior Engineer Elin Harboe Albertsen

Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes, to February 7, 2010

Senior Engineer Harald Holm

Chief Engineer Eli Beate Larsen

Senior Engineer Solveig Louise Sørli Jonassen,

from November 1, 2010

Senior Engineer Torild Krogstad

Senior Engineer Tor Arild Nilsen

Senior Engineer Kjell Røkke

Chief Engineer Morten Raanes

Senior Engineer Pål Skaret

Senior Engineer May Grete Sætran

Chief Engineer Julian Tolchard

Chief Engineer Pål Ulseth

Engineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl

Chief Engineer Yingda Yu

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Higher Executive Officer Martha Bjerknes

Executive Officer Elsa Mari Florhaug, 50 % position

Head of Administration Trond Einar Hagen

Office Apprentice Hege Knutsdatter Johnsen,

to January 31, 2010.

Senior Secretary from February 1, 2010

Higher Executive Officer Unni Keiseraas

Higher Executive Officer Elin Synnøve Isaksen Kaasen,

from September 10, 2010

Higher Executive Officer Brit Wenche Meland

Executive Officer Hilde Martinsen Nordø

Head of Department, Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik

Senior Secretary Åse Lill Salomonsen to June 30, 2010

45

STAFF

RESEARCH SCIENTISTS

PhD Julien Degoulange, to January 14, 2010

M.Sc. Carl Erik Lie Foss, to January 24, 2010

M.Sc. Maria Psarrou, from February 23, 2010

PhD Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi, from September 12, 2010

Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan

PhD Shuihua Tang, to September 29, 2010

PhD Mikhail Tsypkin

PhD Harald Vestøl, 75 % position

GUEST PROFESSORS/RESEARCHERS

M.Sc. Zuriñe Amodarain, from April to June, 2010

M.Sc. Sarah Bernardis

M.Sc. Rosemary Cox-Galhotra, from August 19 to

December 23, 2010

Professor Richard Haverkamp, from May to August, 2010

M.Sc. Reza Khabazbeheshti, from June 1, 2010

PhD Pietrzyk Stanislaw, from August 15 to September 17,

2010

M.Sc. Dongming Yao, from September 1, 2010

POST DOCTORAL FELLOWS

PhD Shahid Akhtar

PhD Martin Bellmann, to September 1, 2010

PhD Dmitry Bokach

PhD Yongjun Chen

PhD Annika Eriksson

PhD Snorre Fjeldbo

PhD Vanesa Gil Hernández, from June 7, 2010

PhD Rajiv Giri, to August 27, 2010

PhD José Luis Gómez

Dr.ing. Sverre Gulbrandsen-Dahl, 50 % position

PhD Jonas Gurauskis, from June 7, 2010

PhD Emmanuel Hersent, from May 1, 2010

PhD Bin Lin, from August 18, 2010

PhD Erlend Fjøsne Nordstrand

PhD Stanka Tomovic Petrovic, 50 % position

PhD Per Martin Rørvik, to August 31, 2010

PhD Jafar Safarian-Dastjerdi, to September 11, 2010

PhD Sverre Magnus Selbach, from July 1, 2010

PhD Kati Tschöpe, from August 6, 2010

PhD Zhaohui Wang, from August 16, 2010

SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANTS

Leiv Olav Jøsang

Darcy Wayne Stevens, from May 25, 2010

Kira Turkova, 30 % position

EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS WITH TEACHING DUTIES

Astrid Bakken

Sarina Bao

Jirang Cui

Per Kristian Dahlstrøm

Mahdi Darab

Carl Erik Lie Foss, from January 25, 2010

Heiko Gaertner

Sidsel Meli Hanetho

Astri Bjørnetun Haugen

Liudmila Igorevna Ilyukhina

Lars Klemet Jakobsson

Nils Eivind Kamfjord

Egil Krystad, from August 25, 2010

Eirin Kvalheim

Ørjan Fossmark Lohne

Chiara Modanese

Peyman Mohseni

Mari Kirkebøen Næss

Lars-Erik Owe

Malin Sletnes

Dmitry Slizowskiy

Sapthagireesh Subbarayan

Tor Olav Løveng Sunde

Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen

Sophie Beatrice Weber

Øyvind Østrem

EXTERNAL SCHOLARSHIP HOLDERS WITHOUT TEACHING DUTIES

Anawati, to December 5, 2010

Omid Reza Noghabi Asadi

Mustafa Balci

Markus Bernhardt, from August 30, 2010

Marte Bjørnsdotter

Yacine Boulfrad

Ingvild Margrete Brynjulfsen

Thomas Brynjulfsen, from August 1, 2010

Sindre Bunkholt, from August 23, 2010

Xinzhi Chen, from August 18, 2010

Elena Dal Martello

Tobias Alexander Danner, from August 30, 2010

Pierre Delaleau, to October 10, 2010

Torunn Ervik

Jiregna Hirko Foggi

David Franke

Jørgen Furu

Kenji Kawaguchi

46

STAFF

Mark William Kennedy

Hasan Güleryüz

Terje Hals

Mehdi Kadkhodabeigi

Nils Eivind Kamfjord

Maulid Kivambe

Ole Sigmund Kjos, August 8, 2010

Jeffery Kline

Michal Kolar

Michal Ksiazek

Köksal Kurt

Elizaveta Kuznetsova

Thomas Ludwig, from September 15, 2010

Tomas Manik, from August 30, 2010

Bronislav Novák, from August 16, 2010

Piotr Ochal

Vinothkumar Palanisamy

Bo Qin, from November 22, 2010

Stian Seim

Esma Senel

Suwarno Suwarno

Katharina Teichmann

Morten Tjelta

Kati Tschöpe, to August 5, 2010

Knut Omdal Tveito, from August 17, 2010

G. Nagaraj Vinayagam

Zhaohui Wang, to August 15, 2010

Ning Wang, from January 17, 2010

Saijun Xiao

Qinglong Zhao, from February 22, 2010

Haitao Zhou

Agnieszka Zlotorowicz

Vegard Øygarden

UNDERGRADUATE ASSISTANTS

Spring semester

Olav Kigen Bjering

Kim Blommedal

Tarjei Bondevik

Thomas Brynjulfsen

Kristian Engen Eide

Kai Erik Ekstrøm

Kari Forthun

Trond Arne Hassel

Halvor Hoen Hersleth

Guttorm André Hoff

Thomas Holm

Jens Kristian Holmen

Håvard Husby

Joakim Johnsen

Steinar Jørstad

Halvor Kjærås

Aleksander Kolstad

Ingrid Kummen

Erica Marley

Thea Ragna Storesund Mohn

Rolf Heilemann Myhre

Hanne Håberg Mørk

Gerhard Olsen

Håvard Reitan

Anita Reksten

Gjert Hovland Rosenlund

Trine Viveke Salvesen

Kristian Selvaag

Sandra Helen Skjærvø

Gunstein Skomedal

Camilla Sommerseth

Astri Sømme

Johan Kolstø Sønstabø

Kishia Stojcevska Søvik

Asbjørn Ulvestad

Espen Tjønneland Wefring

Ole Jørgen Østensen

Fall semester

Kim Blommedal

Eirik Djuve

Kristian Engen Eide

Åse Ervik

Kari Forthun

Thea Cecilie Gjestvang

Trond Arne Hassel

Oddmund Hatling

Karen Haug

47

STAFF

Halvor Hoen Hersleth

Guttorm A. Hoff

Cathrine Holager

Thomas Holm

Sven Kraggerud Hove

Håvard Husby

Joakim Johnsen

Steinar Jørstad

Aleksander Kolstad

Ingrid Kummen

Anne Kirsti Noren

Henriette Sæd Næss

Gerhard Olsen

Anita Reksten

Gjert Hovland Rosenlund

Line Rydså

Erle Saltvedt

Camilla Sommerseth

Kjetil Sonerud

Erlend Sølvberg

Johan Kolstø Sønstabø

Eivind Bruun Thorstensen

Asbjørn Ulvestad


Åsne Århus

SUMMER STUDENTS

Inger Marie Bjørnevik

Wu Chen

Stian Gurrik

Anne-Jorunn Hausken

Kjetil Hyllestad

Håkon Trygve Strøm Jørgensen

Roald Bræck Leer

Håvard Mølnås

Anne Kirsti Noren

Anne Marthe Nymark

Gerhard Olsen

Petter Ottesen

Jonas Hovde Pedersen

Henrik Roven

Trygve Schanche

Rajat Sharma

Camilla Sommerseth

Ali Tabeshian

Phung Hieu Dinh Tran

David Fjøsne Traaen

Buhle Sinaye Xakalashe

Shuang Zhang

APPRENTICE

John Michael Love, to July 28, 2010

DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT

Sofie Drågen

Arne Petter Ratvik (head)

Øystein Grong

Trond Einar Hagen

Lars-Erik Owe

Geir Martin Haarberg

Eli Beate Jakobsen

Leiv Kolbeinsen

Ørjan Fossmark Lohne

Gabriella Tranell (deputy head)

Ragne Marie Skarra/Line Teigen Døssland

Pål Ulseth

DEPARTMENT BOARD

Sofie Drågen

Trond Furu

Lars-Erik Owe

Arne Petter Ratvik (head)

Morten Raanes

Ragne Marie Skarra/Line Teigen Døssland

Rudie Spooren

Svein Sunde

SUBSTITUTES

Brit Wenche Meland

Merete Tangstad

Morten Tjelta

Aud Wærnes

48

During 2010, 91 PhD students have worked at Department of Materials Science and Engineering. 10 students

have been awarded the degree PhD:

Axel Baumann Ofstad: Increasing the lifetime of PEM Fuel Cells: A characterization of some degradation mechanisms.Doctoral thesis 2010:91, IMT-report 2010:127. June 2010.

Major subject: Electrochemistry.

Dr. lecture: Application of carbon nanofibres and nanotubes as electrocatalyst supports in fuel cells.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde.Examination committee: Prof. dr. Frank Albert de Bruijn, University of Groningen, Faculty of Mathemetics & Natural

Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.Professor Eivind M. Skou, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell Wiik (chair).

Summary: The PhD thesis deals with the degradation of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The thesis work, partly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratories in USA in collaboration with Dr. Rod Borup, and partly at NTNU in collaboration with SINTEF, describes the influence of operating conditions on catalys and catalyst support degradation as well as the influence of chloride on catalyst degradation (see “Degradation of PEM fuel cells”).

Dongju Zhao: Processing and properties of direct reduced iron pellets containing material for control of steel structure.Doctoral thesis 2010:42, IMT-report 2010:125. February 2010.

Major subject: Extractive metallurgy.Dr. lecture: Chinese Steel Industry – Past, Present and Future.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv Kolbeinsen.Co-supervisor: Associate Professor, PhD Gabriella Tranell.Examination committee: Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs Alan W. Cramb, Illionis Institute of

Technology (IIT), Department of Mechanical, Materials & Aerospace Engineering, Chicago, USA.Product Manager Tore-Andre Skjervheim, Elkem Bjølvefossen AS, Ålvik, Norway.Professor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad (chair).

Summary: DISvaDRI aims at development of special addition alloys for steels that contain a fine dispersion of effective seed crystals, and promote grain refinement during steel solidification. Metallic materials with small grain sizes usually have improved mechanical properties, which depend upon the characteristics of the solidification microstructure. It is well known that some non-metallic inclusions dispersing in steels can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for various precipitates such as sulphides, nitrides and carbides. Multiphase particles are beneficial to catalyse formation of intragranular ferrite crystal during phase transformation which creates a finer grained microstructure, and consequently improve mechanical properties of steel. These beneficial inclusions are named dispersoids. Utilisation of dispersoids in steel metallurgy requires the controlled addition of the dispersoids to the steel, which can take place by employing an alloy containing a large number density of the desired dispersoids.

The dispersoid alloy could be considered as a “smart master alloy”, and directly added into the liquid steel. In this thesis work, both natural ilmenite ore and mixture of magnetite ore and cerium dioxide were used to produce smart master alloys. Several parameters were tested such as particle size and pellet size, reducing temperature and time, reducing agents, and gas composition and gas flow rates.

Francesco Madaro: Synthesis of textured KxNa1-xNbO3 materials. Doctoral thesis 2010:36, IMT-report 2010:124. March 2010.

Major subject: Inorganic chemistry.Dr. lecture: Smart materials – the application of ferroic materials.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande.Co-supervisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann Einarsrud.Examination committee: Professor, PhD Marija Kosec, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Div. Electronic

Ceramics, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.Dr.ing. Eirik Hagen, Norsk Hydro AS, Porsgrunn, Norway.Professor, Dr.ing. Martin Ystenes (chair).

GRADUATE STUDIESPhD Degrees

49

Summary: This work is on the fabrication of textured lead-free piezoelectric materials based on materials KxNa1-xNbO3 (KNN). Textured KNN materials with high degree preferential grain orientation have the potential to possess piezoelectric properties comparable to single crystals. The aim of the work was to obtain a high degree of texture or preferential grain orientation by so-called template assisted grain growth mechanism. This method relies on the use of a combination of fine grained powder and single crystal templates particles with same composition and crystal structure. First, a spray pyrolysis process to synthesise fine, homogeneous sub-micron powders of KNN was established. Secondly, a molten salt synthesis route to fabricate single crystal KNN templates with either needle or plate like morphology was developed. The route consisted of two steps. The first step was to synthesis anisotropic single crystals with compositions K4Nb6O17, K2Nb4O11 or KNb3O8. Secondly, these single crystals were converted to KNN single crystals with the same morphology by a molten salt route. The crystal growth mechanisms giving anisotropic morphology and the mechanism for conversion from non-perovskite to perovskite template crystals were presented. Finally, textured KNN materials were fabricated by a modified tape-casting technique. A slurry of the sub-micron KNN powder and single crystal KNN template need-like templates were prepared and preferential orientation of the template materials were obtained by a modified tape caster using hydro-dynamics to orient the template particles. High degree of grain orientation in dense KNN ceramics was demonstrated.

Ingrid Anne Lervik: Electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction. A comparative study of anodically formed and nanostructured iridium oxides.Doctoral thesis 2010:26, IMT-report 2010:123. February 2010.

Major subject: Electrochemistry.Dr. lecture: Chlorine electrolysis.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde.Examination committee: Professor, PhD Karel Bouzek, Institute for Chemical Technology Prague, Department of Inor-

ganic Technology, Czech Republic. Principal Engineer Chlorine, Dr.ing. Egil Rasten, INEOS Norge AS, Technology and Projects, Porsgrunn, Norway.Professor, Dr.ing. Signe Kjelstrup, Department of Chemistry, NTNU (chair).

Summary: The PhD thesis dealt with water electrolysis employing polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMWE). The advantages compared to classical alkaline WE are among other things high purity, high current densities, and low energy consumption. A problem associated with PEMWE, however, is the high anodic overpotential for oxygen evolution due to the acidic environment in the membrane. Lervik’s thesis investigates among other things the influence of the electrolyte on the catalyst performance, and also the characterisation of the catalysts with impedance analysis. The work also shows that the electronic structure of the nanostructured version of iridium oxide, a relevant electrocatalytic material for the oxygen-evolution reaction in PEMWE, is different from other iridium oxides such as anodic iridium oxide films (AIROF). Yet, when properly normalised they have the same electrocatalytic activity, a result of fundamental importance.

Magnus Hurlen Larsen: Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the intergranular corrosion of AA6000 aluminium alloys. Doctoral thesis 2010:116, IMT-report 2010:126. June 2010.

Major subject: Electrochemistry.Dr. lecture: Corrosion in geothermal energy utilisation.Thesis advisor: Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu.Co-supervisor: Senior Researcher, Dr.ing. Otto Lunder, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry.Examination committee: Professor, PhD Geoff Scamans, Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel

University, UK.Senior Adviser, Dr.ing. Astrid Bjørgum, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Norway.Professor, Dr.techn. Svein Sunde (chair).

Summary: In order to achieve the desired strength, AlMgSi (6000-series) alloys are often alloyed with either small (fraction of a wt%) Cu or excess (in relation to that required to form Mg2Si) amounts of Si. However, these elements have also been reported to introduce susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC), depending on the applied thermomechanical processing. There is disagreement in the literature and between major aluminium companies whether Cu or excess Si is most harmful for IGC susceptibility, and the IGC mechanism of 6000-series alloys in this context is not well understood. This work investigates the effect of composition and thermomechanical history on IGC susceptibility systematically and by use of advanced characterisation methods and sheds light on the mechanism of IGC in 6000-series alloys in general.

GRADUATE STUDIES

50

GRADUATE STUDIES

The results show that Cu-free alloys are not susceptible to IGC. Excess Si causes superficial IGC, which is not deemed to be harmful to the integrity of the aluminium structure. In the presence of a small fraction of a percent of Cu, high IGC susceptibility is introduced in the underaged condition by segregation of a few nanometer thick Cu-rich film along the grain boundaries. Galvanic coupling between the Cu film and the solute depleted zone along the grain boundary gives rapid IGC propagation. In the maximum hard T6 temper, the material becomes coincidentally resistant to all forms of localised corrosion by coarsening of the grain boundary Cu into discrete AlMgSiCu phases. Further coarsening by overaging leads to pitting corrosion.

Shahid Akhtar: Hydrogen porosity in Al-Si foundry alloys.Doctoral thesis 2010:3, IMT-report 2010:122. February 2010.

Major subject: Physical metallurgy.Dr. lecture: Aluminium recycling - industrial opportunities and metallurgical challenges.Thesis advisor: Professor, PhD Lars Arnberg.Co-supervisors: Marisa Di Sabatino, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry.Examination committee: Professor, Dr.ing. Arne Kristian Dahle, Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland,

Australia.Head of Department, Dr.ing. Hans Ivar Laukli, Hydro Aluminium, Research and Technology Development, Sunndalsøra, Norway.Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne (chair).

Summary: In the past few decades numerous studies on microporosity formation have been reported. However, several aspects of this subject are not fully understood. The motivation behind Shahid Akhtar´s doctoral thesis was to improve the knowledge of porosity formation and its effect of the mechanical properties of aluminium castings. The study concentrated on the effect of hydrogen and oxide defects on microporosity of aluminium-silicon alloy castings. The main focus of the work was to control the variables during melt preparation, casting and solidification and keep the experimental variations at minimum. The data obtained form Shahid Akhtar´s work where casting variables were controlled in a highly reproducible way has been used for evaluating the results of simulated microporosity distributions using recently developed state-of-art modelling approaches. The knowledge gained was also applied in an industrial foundry for routine melt quality control, and the cause of a high rejection rate was successfully identified and reduced.

Ole Sigmund Kjos: Electrochemical production of titanium by using titanium oxycarbide anodes in molten salts.Doctoral thesis 2010:148, IMT-report 2010:128. September 2010.

Major subject: Electrochemistry.Dr. lecture: Electrochemical production of rare earth metals and alloys.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin Haarberg.Co-supervisors: Ana Maria Martinez, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry.Examination committee: Professor Hongmin Zhu, University of Science and Technology Bejing, China.

Professor Toru H. Okabe, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.Professor Emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar Thonstad (chair).

Summary: The background for the work was that the current production process for titanium is very costly, labour intensive and energy demanding. In Norway we have many titanium rich raw materials, such as ilmenite and rutile, combined with a high competence and long tradition for metal production by electrolysis.

The chosen method for investigating a new electrochemical process was based on preparing titanium oxicarbide anodes by reducing and purifying titanium containing slag, followed by oxidising the anode to form dissolved titanium ions to be reduced at the cathode to produce titanium metal. The oxicarbide anode behaviour was studied in molten NaCl-KCl and NaCl-Na3AlF6 at temperatures around 800 °C. The existense of several different valencies of dissolved titanium complexes caused problems in establishing a procedure for efficient deposition of good quality titanium. Preliminary attempts to use a liquid alloy cathode based on Bi, Sn and Zn were promising.

Anawati: Effect of trace elements Pb and Bi on electrochemical activation of aluminum.Doctoral thesis 2010:185, IMT-report 2010:129. October 2010.

Major subject: Electrochemistry.Dr. lecture: Corrosion Fatigue of Aluminium Alloys.Thesis advisor: Professor, PhD Kemal Nisancioglu.Co-supervisor: Professor, Dr.philos Jan Ketil Solberg.

Adjunct Professor John Walmsley, Department of Physics, NTNU.Examination committee: Professor Tekn. Dr. Jinshan Pan, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden.

Dr. ing. Andreas Afseth, R&D Leader, Functional Surfaces, France.Associate Professor, Dr.ing. Hilde Lea Lein (chair).

51

Summary: Lead is present as a trace element in most commercial alloys because it is a natural constituent of the bauxite ore. Bismuth may also be present, although not yet documented, because of its close proximity to Pb in the periodic table. Despite their presence at the ppm level, Pb and Bi segregate to the surface of the alloy by heat treatment at 600°C, a temperature of practical interest in relation to brazing and welding. The thesis investigates the mechanism of segregation of Pb and Bi to the surface of aluminium by heat treatment and the resulting changes in the electrochemical and corrosion properties of model binary AlPb and AlBi alloys. The effect of a third element, such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn or Si, commonly found as impurity element or alloyed with aluminium to improve mechanical properties, is also investigated.

Pb and Bi were shown to segregate in the form of nanosize metal particles and film, the latter at the oxide-metal interface, because the elements are unstable in the aluminium lattice due to their large atomic size. This result is in disagreement with the well-known phase diagrams for the AlPb and AlBi systems. Film segregation destabilizes the protective oxide leading to electrochemical activation of the aluminium surface in chloride environment. The particulate segregations do not have a similar effect. Activation has a detrimental effect in causing galvanic and filiform corrosion on aluminium. The effect is reduced by the added presence of noble elements Fe, Mn, Si and especially Cu. The effect can be exploited in reducing pitting corrosion susceptibility and production of active aluminium anodes for cathodic protection and Al/air batteries and electrolytically etched aluminium capacitors.

Zhaohui Wang: Aging of Si3N4-bonded SiC sidewall materials in Hall-Héroult cells -Material characterization and computer simulation.Doctoral thesis 2010:229, IMT-report 2010:130. November 2010.

Major subject: Inorganic chemistry.Dr. lecture: Intercalation mechanisms and compounds of graphite and related materials.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande.Examination committee: Professor Mario Fafard, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.

Dr.ing. Ole-Jacob Siljan, Hydro Aluminium, Porsgrunn, Norway.Head of Department, Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik (chair).

Summary: Si3N4-bonded SiC materials have become the state of the art sidewall materials in aluminium electrolysis cells due to high thermal conductivity and high oxidation resistance compared to carbon materials. Although the materials has a high chemical stability, the materials age over time and this work aimed to investigate the mechanisms leading to degradation and to develop models based on finite element method to simulate the degradation of the sidelining. First, a thorough characterization of both pristine and used sidelining materials was carried out. It was found that the degradation in the upper part of the sidelining was dominated by oxidation leading to formation of SiO2 or Si2ON2. The oxidation process resulted in increased porosity, detachment of SiC grains and reduced mechanical strength. On the other hand the lower part of the sidelining the oxidation was accompanied by the diffusion of sodium into the sidelining resulting in the formation of sodium silicate phases. The reaction caused a decrease in the porosity and a reduced thermal conductivity of the material. The thermal conductivity of these porous materials was thoroughly discussed taking into account effects of microstructure related features such as grain-boundary resistance pore-shape and pore-orientation factor. The diffusion of sodium through the cathode to the sideling was simulated yielding quantitative agreement with the amount of sodium found in spent pot lining. The simulation established that diffusion of sodium is dominated by solid state diffusion in the cathode, while in the sidelining the diffusion take place by diffusion of gaseous sodium.

Kati Tschöpe: Degradation of cathode lining in Hall-Héroult cells - Autopsies and FEM simulations.Doctoral thesis 2010:241, IMT-report 2010:131. November 2010.

Major subject: Inorganic chemistry.Dr. lecture: Characterization of carbon materials with emphasis on cathode materials.Thesis advisor: Professor, Dr.ing. Tor Grande.Examination committee: Dr. Fred Brunk, Dr. C. Otto GmbH, Bochum, Germany.

Dr.ing. Ole-Jacob Siljan, Hydro Aluminium, Porsgrunn, Norway.Head of Department, Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik (chair).

Summary: The chemical degradation of cathode lining in aluminium electrolysis cells has been a subject of research in several decades. The aging of the cathode lining will over time change the thermal balance of the cell and possibly lead to complete pot failure. The objective of this work was to confirm degradation mechanisms proposed previously and to develop finite element method simulation of the cathode lining to possibly find a qualitative explanation for the well known cathode heave phenomenon. Autopsies of spent pot lining confirmed the common understanding of the dominant chemical reactions taking place in the refractory lining. The characterization of the spent pot lining materials further revealed that the actual sequence of materials found from the bottom of carbon cathode and further into the refractory lining reflected both the reactions which had taken place due to the penetration of bath component

GRADUATE STUDIES

52

GRADUATE STUDIES

through the cathode, but also the reverse thermal gradient introduced during cooling of the spent cathode lining. Moreover, two reactions fronts in the refractory lining were demonstrated, the first was due to the diffusion of elemental sodium diffusing through the carbon cathode and the second due to the penetration of the molten bath. A modified reaction mechanism for the chemical degradation of the refractory lining was presented and a degradation map due to sodium attach was constructed. A two dimensional finite element method simulation of the cathode lining was developed. First the evolution of the thermal gradient in the lining was simulated based on physical data of the lining materials. Secondly, the mechanical stresses build up in the lining due to the thermal gradients were simulated. The effect of chemical expansion due to sodium intercalation in the carbon cathode was also investigated. The work show that the driving force for the heaving of cathode with a high degree of graphitization is mainly due to the thermal gradient in the lining.

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From Ingrid Anne Lervik’s PhD defence.

Signe Kjelstrup (NTNU, administrator), Egil Rasten (opponent),

Ingrid Anne Lervik, Karel Bouzek (ICTP, Praha, opponent) and Svein

Sunde.

From Shahid Aktar’s PhD defence.

Shahid Akthar with his supervisors Marisa Di

Sabatino and Lars Arnberg.

From Francesco Madaro’s PhD defence. From Kati Tschöpe’s PhD defence.

53

GRADUATE STUDIES

PhD projects in progress

Name and Title Thesis advisor

Madhubabu AbburiElectrochemical texturing of Si-wafers in alkaline solutions. Kemal Nisancioglu

Omid Reza Asadi NoghabiModelling of Czochralski crystallization process for silicon single crystals. Mohammed M’Hamdi

Astrid BakkenNew alumina based membrane materials for batteries and fuel cells. Tor Grande

Mustafa Hasan BalciFormation of silicon quantum dots via wet chemical and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition methods for solar cell applications.

Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Sarina BaoPurification of aluminum through filtration. Merete Tangstad

Markus BernhardtDevelopment of high performance lightweight aggregates for concrete. Kjell Wiik

Marte BjørnsdotterEffect of surface conditions on hydrogen uptake during cathodic protection of steel in seawater. Kemal Nisancioglu

Yacine BoulfradInvestigation of the edge zone of multicrystalline silicon ingots for solar cells. Eivind J. Øvrelid

Stein Trygve Briskeby Electrocatalysts of noble metals supported on carbon nanofibres. Svein Sunde

Ingvild Margrete Brynjulfsen Nucleation and growth of PV Silicon during crystallization. Lars Arnberg

Thomas Brynjulfsen Melting and reactivity of manganese ore agglomerates. Merete Tangstad

Sindre Bunkholt Sub-grain growth, recovery kinetics and nucleation of recrystallization during annealing of cold deformed recycled based aluminium alloys.

Knut Marthinsen

Xinzhi Chen Dense ceramic membranes for gas separation-high temperature mechanical performance and chemical/mechanical stability.

Tor Grande

Jirang Cui Recycling of automotive aluminium and process dross. Hans Jørgen Roven

Per Kristian Dahlstrøm Electrooxidation of small organic molecules. Frode Seland

Elena Dal Martello The influence of quartz impurities on the properties of silicon solar cells. Lars Arnberg

Tobias Danner Mechanism of calcined clay as pozzolana. Harald Justnes

Mahdi Darab Synthesis and durability enhancement of CNT based MEAs for PEMFC. Svein Sunde

Pierre Delaleau Equiaxed dendrite growth in aluminium alloys. Lars Arnberg

Ole-Kristian Eide IR and NMR spectroscopy of catalyst for olefin polymerization. Martin Ystenes

Torunn Kringlen Ervik Formation, multiplication and reduction of dislocations in silicon for solar cells. Otto Lohne

Jiregna Hirko Foggi Lifetime modelling of overhead powerlines exposed to marine environments. Kemal Nisancioglu

Carl Erik Lie Foss Carbon materials for improved stability of anodes for Li-ion batteries. Fride Vullum-Bruer

54

GRADUATE STUDIES

David Franke Etching response of aluminium. Kemal Nisancioglu

Odd Einar Frosta Modeling of baked anodes. Arne Petter Ratvik

Jørgen Furu Remelting and recycling of aluminum scraps. Knut Marthinsen

Heiko Gaertner Flue gas characteristics in aluminium reduction cells under various operational conditions. Arne Petter Ratvik

Nils Håvard Giskeødegård Adhesion of organic functional groups on aluminium. Kemal Nisancioglu

Nagaraj Vinayagam Govindaraj Development of light weight structural materials by accumulative roll bonding process. Bjørn Holmedal

Hasan Güleryüz Investigation of the mechanisms governing the deposition of sol particles on a substrate. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Terje Hals Novel ectrusion processing of aluminium materials. Hans Jørgen Roven

Sidsel Meli Hanetho Coating and surface modification of multiphase pipelines. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Astri Bjørnetun Haugen Lead-free ferro- and piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3 -based materials. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Raimo Helenius High pressure die casting of light metals. Otto Lohne

Yu Hu Defects in monocrystalline silicon for solar cells. Lars Arnberg

Liudmila Ilyukhina Rational design of mixed oxide catalysts for PEM water electrolysis. Svein Sunde

Lars Klemet JakobssonRemoval of boron from metallurgical silicon through slag refining as a feedstock for the production of solar grade silicon.

Merete Tangstad

Mehdi Kadkhodabeigi Modeling of tapping process in the submerged arc furnaces used in ferroalloys industries. Halvard Tveit

Nils Eivind Kamfjord Mass and energy balances of the silicon process in order to improve environmental standard and diffusive emission.

Halvard Tveit

Kenji Kawaguchi Electrocatalysis and novel functions of IrO2-based electrodes. Geir Martin Haarberg

Mark William Kennedy Electromagnetically enhanced filtration of liquid aluminium. Ragnhild E. Aune

Maulid Kivambe Formation and multiplication of dislocations in silicon for solar cells. Otto Lohne

Jeffery Kline Silicate slag structure and the analytical techniques utilized in the determination of slag structure.

Merete Tangstad

Michal Kolar Deformation and precipitation in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys. Knut Marthinsen

Egil Krystad Diffusion of Boron in silicate slags for refining of silicon. Gabriella Tranell

Michal Ksiazek Thermal conductivity in ores. Merete Tangstad

Köksal Kurt Effect of thermomechanical treatment on trace element segregation and electrochemical activation of commercial and model aluminium alloys.

Kemal Nisancioglu

55

Elizaveta Kuznetsova Influence of the mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction on PEM water electrolyser durability.

Svein Sunde

Eirin Kvalheim Electrode kinetics of anode processes on candidate inert anode materials for oxygen evolution during electrowinning in molten salts.

Geir Martin Haarberg

Sten Yngve Larsen Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. Morten Sørlie

Jan Lindgård Alkali Silica Reactions (ASR) - performance based testing concept. Harald Justnes

Ørjan Fossmark Lohne The kinetics of surface exhange reactions in oxide based mixed conductors at reducing conditions and high temperatures.

Kjell Wiik

Thomas Ludwig Effect of trace elements in aluminium foundry alloys. Lars Arnberg

Tomas Manik Multiscale modelling of microstructure and crystal plasticity of aluminium alloys. Bjørn Holmedal

Chiara Modanese Investigation of new Si solar cells feedstock. Lars Arnberg

Peyman Mohseni Brittle and ductile fracture of arctic steels. Jan Ketil Solberg

Maria Førde Møll Production of high quality silicon, solidification processes. Product quality and yield versus operational parameters.

Halvard Tveit

Bronislav Novák Experimental investigation of the mechanism of carbon cathode wear in aluminium electrolysis.

Tor Grande

Tine Uberg Nærland Defect complexes in solar grade silicon. Lars Arnberg

Mari Kirkebøen Næss Liquid Si- and Mn oxidation mechanisms and control. Gabriella Tranell

Piotr Ochal Carbon-supported core-shell electrocatalysts for oxidation of small organic molecules. Svein Sunde

Morten Andreas Onsrud Characterization of carbon cones and their application as electrode material in lithium ion batteries.

Fride Vullum-Bruer

Lars-Erik Owe Oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction during water electrolysis. Svein Sunde

Vinothkumar Palanisamy Microstructural characterization on shielded active gas forge weld steels. Jan Ketil Solberg

Andrey Poletaev Hydrogen storage in Mg based alloys modified by rapid solidification. Volodymyr Yartys

Magnus Rotan Phase composition, microstructure and resistance to attrition of alumina-based supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.

Tor Grande

Espen Andre Rudberg Oxygen exchange on functional oxide membranes. Kemal Nisancioglu

Stein Rørvik Migration effects in prebaked anodes. Arne Petter Ratvik

Stian Seim Slag properties and phase relations in the Ti-industry. Leiv Kolbeinsen

Esma Senel Effect of trace elements on surface properties of aluminium alloys. Kemal Nisancioglu

GRADUATE STUDIES

56

Malin Sletnes Wet chemical based methods for deposition of quantum dot structures and production of hybrid materials for enhanced solar cell efficiency.

Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Dmitry Slizowskiy Use of waste materials for ferromanganese production. Merete Tangstad

Karl Gunnar Solheim The effect of microstructure on the properties of 13%Cr flowlines in operation. Jan Ketil Solberg

Isac Sorin Metal powder project - “metal printing process”. Lars Arnberg

Sapthagireesh Subbarayan Nanostructuring of light metals; aluminium-magnesium bi-materials. Hans Jørgen Roven

Tor Olav Løveng Sunde Thin films of transparent conducting oxides by wet chemical methods. Tor Grande

Suwarno Suwarno Metal hydrides for hydrogen sorption enhanced reactor. Jan Ketil Solberg

Guttorm Ernst Syvertsen Synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured fuel cells based on proton conductors. Tor Grande

Juan Tan Segregation of surface activating trace elements indium and tin by heat treatment of model aluminium alloys.

Kemal Nisancioglu

Katharina Teichmann The effect of deformation on the precipitation behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-alloys. Knut Marthinsen

Morten Tjelta Photoelectrochemical characterization of semiconductor electrodes. Svein Sunde

Knut Omdal Tveito Modelling of macrosegregation formation during Direct-Chill casting of aluminium alloys – influence of grain transport and deformations.

Mohammed M’Hamdi

Ning Wang Softening behaviour of recycle based aluminium alloys during iso-thermal and non-isothermal annealing and concurrent precipitation.

Knut Marthinsen

Sophie Beatrice Weber Ceramic thermal barrier coatings. Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Saijun Xiao Gas anode for metal electrowinning. Geir Martin Haarberg

Qinglong Zhao The influence of Mn, Fe and Si on work hardening of aluminium alloys. Bjørn Holmedal

Haitao Zhou Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials for improved capacity in Li-ion batteries.

Fride Vullum-Bruer

Agnieszka Zlotorowicz Electrocatalysts for novel high-temperature PEM water electrolysis. Svein Sunde

Øyvind Østrem Cathode wear in industrial aluminium electrolysis cells. Christian Rosenkilde

Vegar Øygarden Chemical compatibility, degradation and performance of cathode material in proton conducting fuel cells.

Hilde Lea Lein

Ulf Roar Aakenes Industrialising of the Hymen Bonding method – from prototype to commercial process. Øystein Grong

GRADUATE STUDIES

57

GRADUATE STUDIES

PhD projects co-supervised in other departments

Name and Title Thesis advisor

Sarah Bernardis Engineering impurity behaviour on the micron-scale in metallurgical-grade silicon production.

Kenneth Russel, Tonio Buonassisi (Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA) and Marisa Di Sabatino.

Tina Kristiansen Aerogels; a new class of materials for catalytic applications.

David Graham Nicholson (Department of Chemistry, NTNU) and Mari-Ann Einarsrud.

Jinbao Lin SPD by CEC of magnesium alloys.

Qudong Wang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) and Hans Jørgen Roven.

Efstathios Ntafalias Investigation on the possibility to control water permeability of concrete.

Petros G. Koutsoukos (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece) and Terje Østvold.

Maria Psarrou Protecting soil from water erosion through precipitation of calcium phosphate.

Petros G. Koutsoukos (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece) and Terje Østvold.

Peter Schmidt Hollow castings produced by LPDC.

Jürgen Bast (T. U. Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany) and Lars Arnberg.

Anna Smirnova Hydrogen diffusion in super martensitic 13% Cr and X70 pipeline steels.

Roy Johnsen (Department of Engineering Design and Materials) and Kemal Nisancioglu.

Joalet Steenkamp Lining materials in the manganese industry.

Chris Pistorius (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA) and Merete Tangstad.

Ragnhild Kjæstad Sæterli Electronic structure of thermoelectric and ferroelectric materials – Advanced transmission electron microscopy studies.

Randi Holmestad (Department of Physics, NTNU) and Knut Marthinsen.

Nuria Tavera Valero Corrosion by degradation products in amine-based CO2 capture units.

Hallvard Svendsen (Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU) and Kemal Nisancioglu.

Ida Westermann Work hardening behaviour of age-hardenable Al-Zn-Mg-(-Cu) alloys.

Odd Sture Hopperstad (Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU), Bjørn Holmedal and Knut Marthinsen.

Fredrik Widerøe Novel extrusion technology and simulations.

Torgeir Welo (Department of Engineering Design and Materials, NTNU) and Hans Jørgen Roven.

Zhipeng Zeng Study on the ECAP process for commercially pure titanium.

Stefan Jonsson (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden) and Hans Jørgen Roven.

Pho

to: T

erje

Hal

s

Cross-section of aluminium profile produced by new innovation

technology (screw extrusion of aluminium).

58

COURSE PROGRAM

Descriptions of the courses offered at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering are included in the

University Course Catalogue that can be obtained from Student and Academic Section, NTNU. The present survey

lists the courses given by our scientific staff.

Course no.

Semester: S=Spring

A=AutumnTitle Credits in parenthesis Lectures and exercise coordinators

Passed/ Started

TMT4106 S General Chemistry (7.5) M. Ystenes 187/224

TMT4110 S General Chemistry (7.5) I. Kaus, T. Mokkelbost 121/142

TMT4120 S General Chemistry 2 (7.5) T. Grande 3/3

TMT4130 S Inorganic Chemistry (7.5) M.-A. Einarsrud 91/96

TMT4166 S Experimental Materials- and Electro Chemistry (7.5)

F. Seland, K. Wiik, G.M. Haarberg 33/35

TMT4175 S Materials Technology 2 (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, O. Lohne 30/30

TMT4206 S Fluid and Heat Transfer, Intr. Course (7.5) R.E. Aune 19/23

TMT4208 S Fluid and Heat Transfer, Adv. Course (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 6/6

TMT4210 S Material and Process Modelling (7.5) K. Marthinsen 44/45

TMT4215 S Casting (7.5) L. Arnberg 27/28

TMT4245 S Functional Materials (7.5) F. Vullum-Bruer 21/24

TMT4252 S Electrochemistry (7.5) G.M. Haarberg 38/44

TMT4260 S Phase Transformations in Metals (7.5) K. Marthinsen, Ø. Grong 6/6

TMT4266 S Materials Techn.-Forming Light Metals (7.5) B. Holmedal, O. Jensrud, O. Reiso 7/8

TMT4275 S Thermodynamics and Phasediagrams (7.5) M. Tangstad 25/27

TMT4285 S Hydrogen Techn., Fuel/Solar Cells (7.5) S. Sunde 60/64

TMT4300 S Light and Electron Microscopy (7.5) J.K. Solberg, J. Hjelen 45/50

TMT4500 S Materials Technology, special project (15.0) Several teachers at the department 12/13

TMT4850 S Experts in Team (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 31/31

TMT4900 S Master thesis, Spec. in Materials Chemistry and Energy Techn. (30.0)

Several teachers at the department 12/12

TMT4905 S Master thesis, Materials Techn. (30.0) Several teachers at the department 27/27

TMT5100 S Electrolysis of Light Metals 2 (7.5) K.A. Paulsen 7/7

TMT4100 A General Chemistry (7.5) M. Ystenes 168/182

TMT4112 A General Chemistry (7.5) K. Wiik 184/217

TMT4115 A General Chemistry 1 (7.5) T. Grande 73/75

TMT4122 A General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course (7.5)

S. Hakvåg, H.L. Lein 81/82

TMT4145 A Ceramic Engineering (7.5) M.-A. Einarsrud 36/36

TMT4155 A Heterogen Equilibria/Phase Diagrams (7.5) T. Grande, M. Tangstad, A. Solheim 65/74

TMT4171 A Materials Technology 1 (7.5) G. Tranell, H.J. Roven, L. Arnberg 30/30

TMT4185 A Materials Technology (7.5) L. Arnberg, Ø. Grong, M. Di Sabatino, B. Holmedal

78/81

TMT4190 A Applied Materials Technology (7.5) O. Lohne, K.H. Holthe 24/27

TMT4222 A Mechanical Properties of Metals 1 (7.5) B. Holmedal 18/20

TMT4240 A Microstructure and Properties of Metals (7.5) J.K. Solberg 32/34

59

TMT4253 A Electrochemical Process- and Energy Technology (7.5)

F. Seland, G.M. Haarberg 28/33

TMT4255 A Corrosion and Corrosion Protection (7.5) K. Nisancioglu, R. Johnsen 47/48

TMT4260 A Phase Transformations in Metals (7.5) K. Marthinsen, Ø. Grong 10/11

TMT4280 A Extractive Metallurgy (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 7/7

TMT4292 A Materials- and Surface Chemistry (7.5) S. Sunde, K. Wiik 24/32

TMT4305 A Electrometallurgy (7.5) G. Tranell, M. Tangstad, H. Tveit 7/7

TMT4320 A Nanomaterials (7.5) F. Vullum-Bruer 65/74

TMT4325 A Refining and Recycling of Metals (7.5) R.E. Aune 14/14

TMT4500 A Materials Technology, special project (15.0) Several teachers at the department 38/38

TMT4505 A Materials Technology, special course (7.5) Several teachers at the department 35/35

TMT4510 A Nanotechnology, specialization project (7.5) Several teachers at the department 7/7

TMT5500 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special project (15.0)


TMT5505 A Process Metallurgy and Electrolysis, special course (7.5)


MT8107 S Semiconductor Electrochemistry (11.0) S. Sunde 4/4

MT8201 S Advanced Electrometallurgy (7.5) G. Tranell, M. Tangstad 3/3

MT8207 S Electron Microscopy (7.5) J.K. Solberg 17/17

MT8216 S Recrystallization and Texture (7.5) K. Marthinsen 4/4

MT8301 S Carbon Materials Technology (7.5) M. Sørlie 8/8

MT8306 S Cement Semestry (7.5) H. Justnes 10/10

MT8308 S Advanced Solid State Chemistry (7.5) T. Grande 15/15

MT8108 A Mass Transfer (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 6/6

MT8205 A Metallurgical modelling of Welding (7.5) Ø. Grong 4/4

MT8210 A Advanced Solidification Metallurgy (7.5) L. Arnberg 9/9

MT8213 A Modelling and Simulation of Materials Microstructure and Properties (7.5)

K. Marthinsen 5/5

MT8215 A Dislocation Theory Applied to Thermo-Mechanical Treatments of Metals (7.5)

B. Holmedal 7/7

MT8307 A Thermodynamics of Materials (7.5) T. Grande 14/14

COURSE PROGRAM

60

M.Sc. STUDENTS

Master of Science in Materials Technology (5 years)Autumn semester

3rd year

Martin Alm

Jo Aunemo

Randi Berggren

Kim Blommedal

Ingeborg Brede

Magnus Bru

Aleksander Coucheron

Lars Eriksen

Kristian Fallrø

Espen Fanavoll

Trond Arne Hassel

Erik Hem

Øystein Høgsand

Audun Johanson

Kristian Berg Keilen

Pernille Kildahl

Thomas Loland

Thong Nguyen

Bodil Pedersen

Trygve Schanche

Jaran Sele

Per Fredrik Tunestam

Asbjørn Ulvestad

Tobias Andrè Eidsør Viken

4th year

Arya Bastiko

Audun Bilsbak

Erik Bjartnes

Ann Kristin Bjerkelund

Jan Gaute Frydendahl

Preben Kjos Gabrielsen

Stian Gurrik

Kristoffer Werner Hansen

Thomas Holm

Hans Husby

Torunn Hjulstad Iversen

Hedda Nordby Krogstad

Kristian Larsen

Thomas Larsen

Martin Borlaug Mathisen

Gunnar Sande

Aleksander Rudolf Stoss

Espen Oldeide Strandheim

Erlend Sølvberg

Astri Sømme

Andreas Torstensen

Jørund Vangskåsen

5th year

Eirik Belland

Tor Arne Buberg

Jens Erik Davidsen

Sofie Drågen

Solveig Egtvedt

Anne-Jorunn Enstad

Ruth Oftedal Herikstad

Håkon Trygve Strøm Jørgensen

Steinar Jørstad

Steinar Lauvdal

Bjarte Åstveit Nygård

Petter Ottesen

Jonas Hovde Pedersen

Mads Reiten

Trine Viveke Salvesen

Graduated Master of Technology studentsSpring semester

Patrick Alknes

Vegard Andersen

Svein Prestrud Astad

Olav Kigen Bjering

Lars-Petter Bjørkeng

Tor Henning Bjørnå

Kristian Karlsen Brende

Thomas Brynjulfsen

Sindre Bunkholt

Kristian Nyborg Dahl

Ørjan Aronsen Ellingsen

Alexander Rise Gallala

Ann Leni Haugstad

Kristoffer Kløgetvedt

Amund Nordli Løvik

Ingeborg Johannesen Odland

Richard Hagvåg Ringstad

Christoffer Boots Demez Rosario

Eirik Andersen Rotevatn

Magnus Skjellerudsveen

Gunstein Skomedal

Hans Magne Torseth

Knut Omdal Tveito

Master of Science in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Specialization in Materials Chemistry and Energy TechnologyAutumn semester

3rd year

Kjetil Andersen

Elin Schonhovd Dæhlen

Dehlia Eide

Kari Forthun

Kristine Mari Lund Hansen

Marius Hansen

Kenneth Hole

Hanne Ekeberg Hove

Håvard Husby

Catalina Musinoi

Silje Kathrin Nesdal

Henriette Sæd Næss

Eva Rise

Siri Marie Skaftun

Sandra Helen Skjærvø

Belma Talic

Anne Elisabeth Thorstensen

Sophie Caroline Utne

Tormod Østmoe

4th year

Helene Bjerke

Kristin Roberta Brandt

Lene Marie Lysgaard Bristøl

Marthe Emilie Melandsø Buan

Tone Beate Heiaas Bukholm

Line Teigen Døssland

Øystein Gullbrekken

Cathrine Selina Holager

Lise Jemblie

Ingrid Kummen

Dan Sætre Lagergren

Ingrid Mattson

Christine Møinichen

Anne Marthe Nymark

Gerhard Henning Olsen

Mari Lovise Torp

Marius Sunde

Arne Hetland Tvedt

Stine Lund Walø

Sandra Wika

61

5th year

Inga Askestad

Inger Marie Bjørnevik

Kai Erik Ekstrøm

Jarl Erik Morsund Flatøy

Øystein Grøtting

Ragnhild Helene Gulbrandsen

Håkon A. Holm Gundersen

Sigrid Lædre

Håvard Mølnås

Anita Reksten

Kristian Grøtta Skorpen

Halfdan Kristoffer Småbråten

Camilla Sommerseth

Øyvind Sunde Sortland

Jørgen Svendby

Magnus Weberg

Espen Tjønneland Wefring


Åsne Århus

Graduated Master of Technology students Spring semester

Henrik Klitgaard Bostad

Torbjørn Cederløv

Ingelin Clausen Endsjø

Helle Ervik Fossheim

Mette Grorud

Victoria Leivestad

Urd Sæther Olden

Solveig Rørkjær

Marianne Charlotte Simonsen

Ragne Marie Skarra

Ingrid Stamnes

Henrik Åsheim

Master of Technology in Materials Technology (2 years)(Master Programme in Materials

Technology for Engineers)

Autumn semester

1st year

Stig Rune Berg

Morten Dahlstrøm

Jonas Einan

Martin Fossum

Christian Grødahl

Johanna Hansen

Phillip Juven

Vivian Koien

Lasse Roaas

Truls Sætran

Trond Erik Tollefsen

Petter Wibe

Petter Gire Døhlie (part time)

Anders Welde Gjennes (part time)

2nd year

Eivind Strand Dahle

Knut Ove Dahle

Atle Korsnes Lian

Marius Slagsvold


Line Sunde Lilleby

Zeinab Sharifi

Master of Technology in Master of Science in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Specialization in Materials Chemistry and Energy Technology (2 years)(Master Programme in Materials

Technology for Engineers)

Autumn semester

1st year

Sissel Richardsen

Line Katinka Rølvåg

Ines Sulentic

Ivar Andrè Ødegård

Master of Science Program in Light Metals Production

Autumn semester

1st year

Maureen Bangu Isiko (Uganda)

Dian Mughni Fe Muhaimin (Indonesia)

Ahmet Oguz Tezel (Turkey)

Kexu Zhang (China)

2nd year

Lord Famiyeh (Ghana)

Behzad Mirzaei (Iran)

Ali Tabeshian (Iran)

Chen Wu (China)

Amin Hossein Zavieh (Iran)


Joseph Prince Armoo (Ghana)

Thomas Hartmut Ludwig (Germany)

Master of Science Program in Silicon and Ferroalloy ProductionAutumn semester

1st year

Nicholas Smith

Shawn Wilson (Canada) (part time)

2nd year

Rajat Sharma (India)

Buhle Xakaleshe (South Africa)

Shuang Zhang (China)


Stephen Caesar Lobo (Canada)

M.SC. STUDENTS

62

GRADUATED M.SC. STUDENTS WITH TITLES OF THEIR DIPLOMA WORKS

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Name and title Supervisor

Henrik Klitgaard Bostad Electrochemical production of carbon nanotubes from molten salts and their use in lithium-ion batteries.

Professor Geir Martin Haarberg

Ingelin Clausen Endsjø High temperature PEM fuel cell for direct conversion of small or-ganic molecules for electrical energy.

Associate Professor Frode Seland

Kristoffer Kløgetvedt Effect of lead, tin, magnesium and gallium on anodic activation of aluminium alloys.

Professor Kemal Nisancioglu

Mette Grorud Synthesis and characterization of electrocatalysts for oxidation of small organic molecules in fuel cells.

Professor Svein Sunde

Line Sunde Lilleby AC corrosion of pipeline steel. Professor Kemal Nisancioglu

Solveig Rørkjær Porous silicon as rear side reflectors for very thin silicon solar cells. Professor Svein Sunde

Torstein Skarsgard Optimization of fuel cell for Shell-Marathon 2010. Associate Professor Frode Seland

Ingrid Stamnes AC corrosion of pipeline steel. Professor Kemal Nisancioglu

Henrik Åsheim Cathodic deposition of titanium in chloride melts. Professor Geir Martin Haarberg



Vegar Andersen Reduction mechanism and kinetics of the high temperature reac-tions in the Si-production.

Professor Merete Tangstad

Eirik Andersen Rotevatn Czochralski pulling of metallurgical grade silicon for PV-cells. Professor Merete Tangstad

Gunstein Skomedal Effect of slurry parameters on material removal rate and surface quality in multi wire sawing of silicon wafers.

Adjunct Associate Professor Eivind Øvrelid

Magnus Skjellerudsveen Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk materials metallic glass – preparation of amor-phous metal and the possibility of its application as articulating surface material in an artificial hip joint.

Professor Ragnhild E. Aune

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY


Lars-Petter Bjørkeng Sintring of K0,5N0,5NbO3-ceramics. Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Torbjørn Cederløv The BiFeO3-LaFeO3-system. Associate Professor Sverre Magnus Selbach

Kristian Nyborg Dahl Silica organic hybrid materials for solar cells. Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Helle Ervik Fossheim Development of optical active layers in solar cells. Professor Tor Grande

63

Amund Nordli Løvik Crystal structure and stability of hexagonal HoMnO3. Associate Professor Sverre Magnus Selbach

Marianne Charlotte Simonsen Ceramic thermal barrier coatings of lanthanum zirconate made by spray pyrolysis.

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud

PHYSICAL METALLURGY Name and title Supervisor

Patrick Alknes SEM-EBSD characterization of Nb3Sn and Nb3Al superconducting strands.

Professor Jarle Hjelen

Svein Prestrud Astad Investigation of M-A constituent and crack growth in an arctic steel. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg

Olav Kigen Bjering In situ EBSD-characterisation of crack propagation in a HSLA steel at -60 °C.

Professor Jarle Hjelen

Tor Henning Bjørnå The effect of hydrogen saturation and selected annealing tempera-tures on 13 % Cr supermartensittic stainless steel.

Professor Jan Ketil Solberg

Kristian Karlsen Brende High temperature cathodic disbonding. Adjunct Professor Ole Øyvind Knudsen,

Department of Engineering Design and Materials

Thomas Brynjulfsen Electrical properties of defects in multicrystalline silicon. Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan

Sindre Bunkholt Effect of small nickel and vanadium additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys.

Professor Knut Marthinsen

Martino Danuso Influence of crucible materials on directionally solidified multicrys-talline silicon.

Professor Lars Arnberg

Franziska Dietel Investigation of porosity in aluminium-silicon foundry alloys. Professor Lars Arnberg

Ørjan Aronsen Ellingsen Forge welding of the non-weladble steel qualities K55, L80 and L80SS.

Professor Jan Ketil Solberg

Aleksander Rise Gallala Impact of a two-step heat treatment upon PV multicrystalline silicon. Professor Lars Arnberg

Ann Leni Haugstad Quench sensitivity in 7xxx-alloy. Professor Knut Marthinsen

Victoria Leivestad Impurities in silicon feedstock for solar cells. Optical and SEM inves-tigations of distribution and chemical composition.

Professor Otto Lohne

Gianmaria Minozzi Structural properties of Ge- and Hf-doped multicrystalline silicon. Professor Lars Arnberg

Ingeborg Odland Johannesen Mechanisms for formation of dislocations near the bottom of a mul-ticrystalline silicon ingot.

Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan

Richard Hagvåg Ringstad Characterization of aluminium extruded by different screw geometries.

Professor Hans Jørgen Roven

Christoffer Boots Demeza Rosario High temperature annealing of dislocations in solar cell silicon. Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan

Zeinab Sharifi Microstructure and mechanical properties for a 7xxx aluminum alloy.

Professor Knut Marthinsen

Hans Magne Torseth Optimizing of steels in protective structures. Professor Jan Ketil Solberg


64

Knut Omdal Tveito Modelling of macrosegregation formation during solidification of binary and ternary alloys.

Adjunct Professor Mohammed M’Hamdi

MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME IN LIGHT METALS PRODUCTION Name and title Supervisor

Joseph Prince Armoo The current efficiency for aluminium deposition from cryolite-alumi-na melts at high current density.

Professor Geir Martin Haarberg

Thomas Hartmut Ludwig Porosity in aluminium castings. Professor Lars Arnberg

MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME IN SILICON AND FERROALLOY PRODUCTION Name and title Supervisor

Stephen Ceasar Lobo Modelling of the radiation lost during the casting of metallurgical silicon at Elkem Salten.

Professor Leiv Kolbeinsen


Pho

to: P

ål U

lset

h

From the competition “Best knife” among students taking the course TMT4190 Applied

Materials Technology (fall 2010). Fredrik Haakonsen is responsible for the presentation.

65

EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, Honours, Participation in Courses, Conferences, Lectures and Study Visits

Lars ArnbergLars Arnberg is an Affiliate Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA.

IMT Solidification and Casting Group Seminar, Oppdal, Sweden, March 11-12, 2010.

NADIA Final project meeting Brescia, Italy, April 14-15, 2010.

METEF, Brescia, Italy, April 16, 2010. Invited lecture on: “Predicting hydrogen porosity in aluminium castings”.

ESA, Nordwijk, Holland, May 6-7, 2010. Physical Sciences work group.

TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, June 3-4, 2010. Opponents on two PhD dissertations.

EUMRS, Strasbourg, France, June 7-11, 2010.

FME project meeting, Porsgrunn, Norway, August 24, 2010.

ESA, Nordwijk, Holland, September 13-14, 2010. Physical Sciences work group.

LIME, International Advisory Group, Brunel University, London, England, September 20-21, 2010.

Osaka University, Japan, September 23, 2010.

Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Sapporo, Japan, September 24-26, 2010. International conference. Invited lectures on: “X-ray imaging of solidification processes and microstructure evolution” and “X-ray videomicroscopy of dendritic solidification in aluminium alloys”.

Tohoku University, Japan, September 28-29, 2010. Project discussions.

EnginSoft, Padova, Italy, October, 4-5, 2010. Project discussions.

CSSC4, Taipei, Taiwan, October 26-29, 2010. Invited lecture on: “Comparison of ingot- and solar cell properties between a compensated and an electronic grade silicon feedstock”.

University of Queensland, Australia, November 22-26, 2010. Invited lecture on: “Materials research at NTNU: Aluminium solidification imaging solar cell silicon development”.

Elena Dal Martello4th International Workshop on Science and Technology of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Taipei, Taiwan, October 27-29, 2010.

Marisa Di SabatinoNasjonal konferanse for Materialteknologi 2010, Norsk Metallurgisk Selskap, Oslo, Norway, June 3-4, 2010. Oral

presentation on: “Detection of doping elements and trace impurities in solar cell materials by ICP-MS”.

5th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Loen, Norway, June 6-9, 2010. Invited talk: “Applications of GD-MS in materials characterization”.

SEEIT workshop, Freiburg, Germany, September 30, 2010. Presentation on: “Norwegian University of Science and Technology – Education and Research strategies”.

Norwegian - German Group Seminar on Solar Cell Silicon, Trondheim, Norway, October 4-6, 2010. Presentation on: “Research on PV-Si crystallization and characterization laboratories at IMT/NTNU”.

4th International workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (CSSC4), Taipei, Taiwan, October 27-29, 2010. Poster presentation on: “Material properties and solar cell perform ances of chromium contaminated compensated silicon”.

“Party of Five”-Meeting on the CHINOR framework, Shanghai, China, October 20-22, 2010. Presentation on: “NTNU’s research work in the area of silicon solar cells”.

Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, October 24-26, 2010. Visit and seminar.

Nordic Workshop on Mechanical Properties, Behaviour and Testing on Silicon Wafer and Cells, Oslo, Norway, November 25, 2010. Invited talk: “Detection of microstructural defects in PV silicon”.

Mari-Ann EinarsrudEvaluation of Chemistry in Norway, Oslo, Norway, January 22, 2010. Meeting in committee appointed by The Research Council of Norway.

Evaluation of Chemistry in Norway, Oslo, Norway, February 2, 2010. Meeting in committee appointed by The Research Council of Norway.

Evaluation of Chemistry in Norway, DNVA, Oslo, Norway, June 1, 2010.

Committee to evaluate applications for Swedish Research Council, Stockholm, Sweden, September 9-10, 2010.

Arne EspelundRøros Rotary, Røros, Norway, February 11, 2010. Presentation on: “Røros and Àgordo”.

Trondhjems polytekniske forening, Trondheim, Norway, February, 17, 2010. Presentation on: “Kobbersmelting i Trøndelag”.

Bergshistoriska utskottet ved Jernkontoret, Stockholm, Sweden, March 23, 2010. Presentation on: “Smelting og organisering i eldre jernalder”.

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“Jernhelg” arranged by Nore og Uvdal kommune, Numedal, Norway, June 5-6, 2010. Presentation, inspection and more.

“Setersmak”, Museumssetra, Budal, Norway, July 10-11, 2010. Presentation and guided tour for the public.

Røros, Norway, August 18, 2010. Guide at an excursion to a medieval bloomery in Røros, arranged by the local historical association.

Næs Jernverksmuseum, Tvedestrand, Norway, August 26, 2010. Presentation on: “Jernet i Telemark”.

Vitforum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, August 31, 2010. Presentation on: “Eldre jernalder i Trøndelag”.

Stiklestad, Norway, October 6, 2010. Lecture at Stiklestad National Museum about the Heglesvollen site, followed by a field trip one week later.

Rørosmuseet, Røros, Norway, October 10, 2010. Presentation on: “Røros og de andre kobberverka i Norge”.

NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, October 22, 2010. Lectures about carbon control in early ironmaking at seminars among chemists and physicists, arranged by Professor emeritus R. Tunold and Professor K. Olaussen.

Trondhjems polytekniske forening, Trondheim, Norway, November 17, 2010. Presentation on: “Norges tidlige jernaldre”.

Visited anew the copper city Àgordo in Italy in order to develop cooperation with the museum in Røros.

Hired by the museum in Røros with the aim to improve the presentation of science and technology. Suggestions delivered in December.

Field trip with Selbu and Tydal Historielag to the Roman age bloomery at Blesterbekken in Tydal.

With Meråker Historielag to the copper smelting site from the 14th century Kopperå and to the ruins of Gilså hytte from recent centuries.

Hasan GüleryüzEuropean Conference on Nano Films, Liege, Belgium, March 22-25, 2010. Poster on: “Deposition of silica thin films formed by sol gel method”.

Nanoscale imaging and force measurements workshop, Trondheim, Norway, March 16, 2010. Lecture on: “Measurement of forces between silica surfaces”.

Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France, May 19 - June 6, 2010. Study visit.

Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, November 29 - December 4, 2010. Study visit.

Jarle HjelenFEI Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, January 11-13, 2010. Visit.

University of Bergen, Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Bergen, Norway, February 24, 2010. Visit.

Statens Arbeidsmiljøinstitutt (STAMI), Oslo, March 2, 2010. Visit.

Workshop on EDS, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, March 9-11, 2010.

Swerea KIMAB, Stockholm, Sweden, March 29, 2010. Visit.

The Norwegian Defence Logistics Organisation (FLO), Kjeller, Norway, April 28-29, 2010. Visit.

Organizing the 6th International NTNU-EBSD workshop, Trondheim, Norway, May 31- June 2, 2010.

University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway, June 16, 2010. Visit.

Oxford Instruments Nordiska AB, JEOL Skandinaviska AB, Swerea KIMAB, Stockholm, Sweden, December 6-7, 2010. Visits.

JEOL, Eching, Germany, August 9-10, 2010. Visit.

RISØ DTU, National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Materials Research Division, Risø, Denmark, August 12, 2010. Presentation on: “EBSD activities at DMSE”.

University of Tromsø, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, September 9, 2010. Visit.

The 17th International Congress (IMC17), Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, September 19-24, 2010. Co-authored 5 poster presentations.

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Administrated the purchase and installation of a high current field emission scanning electron microscope, Hitachi SU-6600. The equipment was installed in December 2010.

Geir Martin HaarbergTMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, USA, February 14-18, 2010. Two oral presentations.

Reactive Metals Workshop, Seattle, USA, February 18-19, 2010. Oral presentation.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, February 23, 2010. Oral presentation. Study visit.

Euchem Conference on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, Bamberg, Germany, March 14-19, 2010. Oral presentation.

Electrochemical Society Spring Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, April 25-30, 2010. Co-author of four presentations.

ULCOS project meeting, Paris, France, June 23-24, 2010. Oral presentation.

Molten Salts Discussion Group Summer Meeting, Cambridge, UK, July 6-8, 2010. Oral presentation.


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ULCOS seminar, Ijmuiden, Holland, October 4, 2010. Oral presentation.

Electrochemical Society Fall Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, USA, October 10-15, 2010. Two oral presentations.

Xiamen, China, October 25, 2010. Study visit. Oral presentation.

4th International Workshop on Science and Technology of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (CSSC 4), Taipei, Taiwan, October 27-29, 2010. Oral presentation.

Shanghai Chongqing, China, May 2010. Study visit with NTNU delegation. Visits and oral presentations at East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai and Donghua University, Shanghai.

Kyoto and Tokyo, Japan, June 2010. Study visit with NTNU group.

Shanghai and Beijing, China, July - August, 2010. Study visit.

2nd International Round Table on Titanium Production by Electrolysis, Tromsø - Trondheim, Norway, September 19-22, 2010. Chairman and co-author.

Tokyo, Kyoto and Hyuga, Japan. Study visit and attending workshop in Hyuga. Two oral presentations.

Molten Salts Discussion Group Christmas Meeting, London, UK, December 13, 2010. Oral presentation.

Eli Beate Larsen“IØ6501 Strategi og ledelse”, NTNU Videre, Trondheim, Norway, Fall semester 2010. Course.

Otto LohneMeeting with Minister Trond Giske, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, February 12, 2010. Presentation on: “Solar cell research at NTNU/SINTEF” (by Torstein Haarberg, SINTEF and Otto Lohne, NTNU).

“Solar cell research at NTNU”, Midtnorden-meeting, Trondheim, Norway, March 18, 2010.

Advisory board meeting, Arctic Energy Partners, Trondheim, Norway, April 12, 2010. Presentation on: “Solar cells – from quantity to quality”.

“Ideas about wire sawing”, Saw & slurry fundamentals – REC workshop, Porsgrunn, Norway, April 21, 2010.

Received a price for research and teaching on silicon solar cell materials from Elkems forskningsfond on the PROSIN-conference in Kristiansand, Norway, May 26-27, 2010.

DKNVS, Trondheim, Norway, May 31, 2010. Presentation on: “Coin production in the Archbishops Palace during the office of Gaute Ivarsson (1475-1510). A quincentenary marking” (by Otto Lohne, Pål Ulseth, Jardar Lohne and Jon Anders Risvaag).

Knut MarthinsenMember of the International Committee for the Joint International Conferences on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX&GG), the International Committee for the International Conferences of Aluminium Alloys (ICAA) and member of the International Advisory Committee for THERMEC conferences (International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials).

Member (NTNU’s representative) in the Steering Committee for the BIP NFR projects “Nucleation Control for Optimized properties” and RIRA (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) and the NFR KMB project “Defect Engineering for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells”.

Leader of the focus area “Light Materials” under the Strategic Area Materials (TSO Materials) at NTNU, and Deputy member to the Board of Research and PhD education at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU.

Project Leader for Strategic University Program (SUP): Innovation in light metals processing and manufacture involving the use of severe plastic deformation for nano-structuring, mechanical alloying and interfacial bonding (Improvement), a collaboration project between Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), Dept. of Physics (IFY), NTNU, and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry (2009-2013).

Participation in the NFR KMB MoReAL (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) bi-annual project meeting at NTNU/SINTEF March 3, 2010.

Participation at the NFR BIP KK (Nucleation Control for Optimized properties) project meeting at SINTEF Raufoss Manufacturing March 18-19, 2010.

Participation in the NTNU’s delegation (incl. NTNU Rectorate, Research leaders and Professors from NTNU’s strategic areas) to China, May-June, 2010, in connection with the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai, and to promote research and educational cooperation with key partner universities in China.

Seminar and discussions with key personell within the Materials Field at Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai, China, May 27, 2010. Presentation of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU and own research interests and activities.

Seminar and discussions with key personell within the Materials Field at Chongqing University, China, May 31, 2010. Presentation of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, light metals research at NTNU/SINTEF and own research interests and activities.

Seminar and discussions with key personell at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, June 2, 2010. Presentation of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU and own research interests and activities.

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Visit to and strategic discussions with relevant key personell at GRINM (General Res Inst. of Non-ferrous Metals), Beijing, China, June 3, 2010.

Visit to and strategic discussions with relevant key personell at Univ. of Science and Technology, Beijing (USTB), China, June 3, 2010.

KMB BILAT (The Norwegian-Japanese Al-Mg-Si precipitation project) project seminar at Hydro Al, R&D Sunndal, Norway and at NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, June 6-8, 2010 in connection with visits of Prof. Sato (Tokyo Tech.,), Prof. Matsuda and Prof. Ikeno (Toyama Univ.) to Hydro and NTNU/SINTEF.

Participation at the NFR BIP KK (Nucleation Control for Optimized properties) project meeting at Hydro Al, R&D Center, Sunndalsøra, Norway, June 14-15, 2010.

Hosting the BIP RIRA (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) bi-annual project meeting at NTNU/SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, June 29-30, 2010.

The 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG IV), Sheffield, UK, July 4-9, 2010. Lecture on: “Modelling the recrystallization behaviour during industrial processing of aluminium alloys” (by J. Friis, K. Marthinsen, B. Holmedal, T. Furu, I. Skauvik). Posters on: “On the recrystallisation kinetics of 3D Potts Monte Carlo simulations” (E. Fjeldberg, and K. Marthinsen), and “Mobility driven abnormal grain growth in the presence of particles” (by E. Fjeldberg, E. Holm, A.D. Rollett and K. Marthinsen).

Participation at the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA12), Yokohama, Japan, September 5-9, 2010. Participation in the International Committee meeting September 7, 2010 with a presentation of the NTNU/SINTEF candidacy to host ICAA14 in Trondheim in 2014. Co-author to five papers that was presented at the conference.

KMB BILAT (The Norwegian-Japanese Al-Mg-Si precipitation project) project seminar in Hakone, Japan, September 10-11, 2010.

Participation in the NFR KMB MoReAL (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) bi-annual project meeting at NTNU/SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, October 7, 2010.

Participation in the NFR BIP RIRA (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) bi-annual project meeting at NTNU/SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, November 24-25, 2010.

Participation in the SPD SUP Improvement workshop at “Hurtigruta” (Coastal liner) and in Kristiansund, Norway, December 14-15, 2010.

External expert Evaluator of the Inter University Attraction Poles (IAP) Network Program (“Ex Post Evaluation”) for BELSPO (Belgium Science Policy Office).

Referee for several renowned international journals in materials science and engineering with a peer review system.

Chiara ModaneseE-MRS 2010 Spring Meeting, Strasbourg, France, June 7-11, 2010. Poster presentation.

University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. Materials Science, Milano, Italy, October - November 2010. Study visit (experiments).

Kemal NisanciogluMember Scientific Committee, 15th Nordic Corrosion Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, May 19-21, 2010. Co-author of presentations entitled, “Characterization of surface activation of aluminium by trace element bismuth”, “Effect of heat treatment on anodic activation of model AlSn alloy containing 30 ppm tin”.

Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan, September 4, 2010. Invited lecture: “Significance of trace element segregation in corrosion of aluminum alloys”.

Visit to Prof. Ken’ichi Shimizu labs, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan, September 7, 2010.

Anodizers Research Conference, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan, September 8, 2010. Invited lecture: “Nanofilm copper segregation as cause of intercrystalline corrosion of AlMgSi alloys”.

International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA12), Yokohama, Japan, September 5-9, 2010. Keynote lecture entitled: “Significance of trace element segregation in corrosion of aluminum alloys”.

NTNU/SINTEF/Hydro seminar, “Sustainable Aluminium Surface Applications (SALSA)”. Trondheim, Norway, November 17-18, 2010.

Lars-Erik OweWELTEM project meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 28-29, 2010.

217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Vancouver, Canada, April 25-30, 2010. Lecture on: “The influence of the electrolyte on electrochemical properties of iridium oxide films”.

Permascand AB, Ljungaverk, Sweden, September 3, 2010. Visit.

WELTEM project meeting, Prague, The Czech Republic, October 28-29, 2010.

Primolyzer-WELTEMP Workshop, DTU, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 16, 2010. Talk on: “Electro catalysts for PEM water electrolysers”.

Stian SeimDepartment of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, April 12 - June 28, 2010. Study visit.

Sverre Magnus SelbachSummer school on “Diffraction at the Nanoscale - Nanocrystals, Defective and Amorphous Materials”, The Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, May 23-30, 2010.

Organizing committee member for Electroceramics XII, international conference, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010.

Electroceramics XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010. Lecture on: “Crystal structure and phase diagram of

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oxygen hyperstoichiometric BiFe1-xMnxO3+δ”.

IMRC XIX, Mexican Materials Research Society, Cancun, Mexico, August 15-19, 2010. Invited lecture on: “Point defects in BiFe1-xMnxO3+δ and Pb1-xTiO3-δ: implications for thin films”.

Researchers’ Night 2010, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. September 24, 2010. Demonstration of: “Svevetog basert på superledende keramer”.

Materials Research Society Fall Meeting 2010, Boston, MA, USA, November 29 - December 3, 2010. Poster on: “Phase diagram of oxygen hyperstoichiometric BiFe1-xMnxO3+δ”.

Materials Research Society Fall Meeting 2010, Boston, MA, USA, November 29 - December 3, 2010. Invited lecture on: “Thermal expansion, chemical expansion, ferroelasticity and valence state of Mn in Sr-sbustituted LaMnO3±δ”.

Jan Ketil SolbergReviewer for International Journal of Impact Engineering.

Reviewer for Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Administrator, Adjunct Professor position in Steel Materials, NTNU, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Trondheim, Norway.

AMR Engineering AS, Trondheim, Norway, January 8 and 27, February 3 and 19, April 16, June 6, July 1, September 13 and 23, October 21, November 12, 2010. Status meetings in project “Microstructural modelling of Shilded Active Gas Forge Welding process for oil and gas applications”.

Statoil, Rotvoll, Norway, January 26, June 29 and August 27, 2010. Status meetings in Renergi-BIP project “An integrated process for hydrogen production and generation”.

Keppel Tuas Shipyard, Singapore, March 23, 2010. Study visit, excursion leader for 3rd class master students.

REC, Singapore, March 24, 2010. Study visit, excursion leader for 3rd class master students.

Schlumberger, Singapore, March 25, 2010. Study visit, excursion leader for 3rd class master students.

Hydro Aluminium, Malaysia, March 26, 2010. Study visit, excursion leader for 3rd class master students.

Tor Olav Løveng SundeElectroceramics XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010. Poster on: “The sintering mechanism of transparent conducting ITO”.

MRS Fall, Boston, USA, November 28 - December 3, 2010. Poster on: “Fabrication of indium tin oxide thin films by environmentally friendly sol-gel route”.

Guttorm SyvertsenTransport Processes in Oxides for Hydrogen Technology (TPOHT-IV), Nordmarka, Oslo, Norway, January 27-29, 2010. Lecture on: “Effects of small variations in the stoichiometry of proton-conduction LaNbO4”.

2nd Nordic Seminar on Functional Energy Related Materials (NORFERM-2010), Kongsberg, Norway, April 12-15, 2010.

Lecture on: “Effect of small offsets in cation stoichiometry in LaNbO4”.

Electroceramics-XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010. Poster on: “Effects of small variations in the stoichiometry of proton-conducting LaNbO4”.

California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California, USA, August 11 - November 24, 2010. Study visit under the supervision of Prof. S. M. Haile, of the Solid State and Electroceramics Research Group.

Solid State Protonic Conductors-15 (SSPC-15), Santa Barbara, USA, August 15-19, 2010. Poster on: “Effects of small variations in the stoichiometry of proton-conducting LaNbO4”.

Juan TanSALSA Group Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, January 27, 2010. Lecture on: “Electrochemical behaviours on AlSn1000 alloy after low temperature heat treatment”.

Graduate Course in Corrosion Science, Stockholm Sweden, May 17-19, 2010.

The 15th Nordic Corrosion Conference (15th NKM), Stockholm, Sweden, May 19-21, 2010. Co-author of presentation entitled: “Effect of heat treatment on anodic activation of model AlSn alloy containing 30 pp tin”.

SALSA Group Meeting, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 26-27, 2010. Lecture on: “Effect of trace element tin on corrosion of aluminium”.

Gordon Research Seminar (GRS), New London, USA, July 24-25, 2010. Co-author of poster entitled: “Effect the trace element tin on anodic activation of aluminium”.

Gordon Research Conference (GRC), New London, USA, July 26-31, 2010. Co-author of poster entitled: “Effect the trace element tin on anodic activation of aluminium”.

SALSA Group Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, September 14, 2010. Lecture on: “Effect of heat treatment on anodic activation of model AlSn alloy containing 30 pp Tin”.

5th International Glow Discharge Day (5th GD Day), Massy, France, September 23-24, 2010. Co-author of presentation entitled: “Tin distribution detected by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry”.

The 61th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE 61th), Nice, France, September 26-30, 2010. Co-author of presentation entitled: “Effect the trace element tin on anodic activation of aluminium”.

Workshop in modelling possibilities applied to trace element studies in Aluminium and it’s alloys, Trondheim, Norway, October 21, 2010. Lecture on: “Tin segregation by heat treatment”.

SALSA Annual Seminar, Trondheim, Norway, November 17-18, 2010. Lecture on: “Effect of trace element tin on corrosion of aluminium”.

Jomar ThonstadTMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010. Presentation on: “Terminating anode effects by lowering and raising the anodes. – A closer look at the mechanism”.

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Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia, April 22 and November 5, 2010. Project meetings.

Electrochemical Society Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April 25-30, 2010. Presentation on: “Anodic formation of cobalt oxide during electrowinning of cobalt in a chloride electrolyte”.

Second International Round Table on Titanium Production in Molten Salts, Tromsø – Trondheim, Norway, September 19-22, 2010. Short presentation.

AGH – University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland, June 14 and November 8, 2010. Project meetings.

Fride Vullum-BruerAssisted in the organization of and attended the international conference Electroceramics XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010.

Sophie WeberEuropean Conference on Nano Films 2010, Liège, Belgium, March 22-25, 2010. Presentation on: “Thermal barrier coatings prepared by wet chemistry deposition”.

Kjell WiikSeminar Gemini-center: Energy and Materials, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, March 12, 2010. Lecture on: “Membrane materials for oxygen and syn-gas production”.

Innslag/reportasje i NRK Midtnytt: “Utvikling av blyfire ferreloktrika ved NTNU/IMT”, June 4, 2010.

Administrative leader Committee Doctoral Thesis Defence Axel Baumann Ofstad, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, June 2, 2010.

Member Organizing committee Electroceramics XII-Conference, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010.

EULANEST-066 (European-Latin American Network for Science and Technology), Lisbon, Portugal, June 25-26, 2010. Project presentation (Project partner 5). Lecture on: “Energy conversion from renewable sources in solid oxide cells”.

Terje ØstvoldProject meetings with Statoil, Stjørdal and Rotvoll, Norway, on varying research projects January 11, February 4, March 11, September 9, 2010.

Project and board meetings related to “Sand Stabilisation and Water Proofing of Tunnels”. This project is operated by the spin-off company Impermeable AS where Terje Østvold is the manager. Radcon Scandinavia, Oslo Norway, January 17, February 22, June 4, November 8, December 28, 2010. Project meetings.

International MultiScale courses. 1. Exprogroup AS Haugesund, January 19-21, 2010.2. Exprogroup AS Haugesund, September 7-9, 2010.3. University of Leeds, March 22-23, 2010.4. Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro.a) For the corrosion group at Cenpes, November 10-12,

2010.b) At Petrobras University, Rio de Janeiro, November 29 -

December 3, 2010.

Study visit and consulting with BP/University of Leeds,

Leeds, UK, January 25-27, March 20-23, December 15-17, 2010. Kinetics of CaCO3 precipitation.

Project meeting with Det Norske Oljeselskap in Trondheim, Norway, on scale prediction for the Frøy field. February 5, 2010, and for Draupne, Frøy and the Hanz fields December 10, 2010.

Project meetings with Det Norske Oljeselskap, WeST group, and DuPont on steel surfacetreatment to avoid scale formation in oil wells, Trondheim, Norway, February 9 and March 11, 2010.

21st International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, Norway, March 14-17, 2010.Member of committee and session Chairman. Presentation on: “Understanding CaCO3 precipitation during oil recovery”.

Project meetings with Statoil and SINTEF Petroleum Research, on the understanding of scale formation under turbulent flow conditions, Stjørdal, Norway, May 4, 2010 and Bergen, Norway, October 6, 2010.

Project meetings with Statoil on sand stabilization, Stjørdal, Norway, May 4, August 17 and September 14, 2010.

Project meeting with STATOIL and M-I SWACO, May 4, 2010. Planning sand consolidation with the QNC technology developed by Impermeable AS and Temasi AS for well C15 on the Gullfaks Field.

Project meeting with Lundin Norway on scale prediction for the Krabbe Field. May 6 and June 3, 2010.

10th SRE International Conference on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, UK, May 26-27, 2010. Presentation on: “Re-development of the Frøy Field: Selection of the injection water”.

ICE-HT, FORTH Patras, Greece, June 14-23, 2010. Study visit.

Project meetings with M-I SWACO on sand stabilization, Dynea, Lillestrøm, Norway, August 28, 2010.

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, on a “Distinguished Visiting Fellowship from The Royal Academy of Engineering” granted to Terje Østvold. Modelling reservoir reactions during water flooding in order to enhance oil recovery. September 13-24, 2010. Study visit.

Terje Østvold is a member of the TEKNA Oil field chemistry symposium board. Meeting in Oslo, Norway, October 19, 2010.

Norwegian Petroleum Society. Conference on Petroleum Technology, Holmenkollen Park Hotel Rica, Oslo, Norway, November 7-9, 2010. Presentation on: “Gjenåpning av Frøyfeltet. Mineralavleiring; utfordringer og løsninger”.

Consulting in Rio de Janeiro at Petrobras Research Centre with Francisca de Rosario from Petrobras, Prof. J. F. Cajaiba da Silvand, University Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry and Prof R. Damasceno, Institute of Cheistry, NAB on cooperation NTNU-SINTEF-Petrobras and the two research institutions. December 17, 2010.

Table of ContentsEditorial ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Senior Engineer Jan Arve Baatnes in memory ............................................................................ 5International conferences and courses ................................................................................................. 6Science stories ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11Publications in international peer review journals, books and patents ....... 28Conference proceedings, other reports and publications .............................................. 33Laboratories and equipment ............................................................................................................................... 35Chemistry Building II (KII)-Seminars, Energy and Materials ..................................... 41Guest lecturers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 43Staff ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44Graduate studies ................................................................................................................................................................. 48PhD projects in progress .......................................................................................................................................... 53PhD projects co-supervised in other departments ................................................................ 57Course program ................................................................................................................................................................... 58M.Sc. students ........................................................................................................................................................................ 60Graduated M.Sc. students with titles of their diploma works ................................... 62Extracurricular activities .......................................................................................................................................... 65

Picture on front page: Grey, ferrite-pearlite cast iron – light microscope, polarized light.Photo: Pål Ulseth.

Annual report forDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491 Trondheim, NorwayInternet address: http://www.ntnu.edu/mse

The editor thanks✔ Brit Wenche Meland, Hilde Martinsen Nordø, Elin Kaasen and Hege Knutsdatter

Johnsen for collecting the administrative data and taking care of the process of printing the report.

✔ Skipnes AS for printing.

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Cooperation with SINTEF Petroleum Research. Project meetings and reporting on running projects. A series of meetings during the year at Statoil; Rotvoll and Stjørdal, Norway.

Harald A. ØyeHarald A. Øye is Chairman of the Technical Committee, ISO / TC 226 (Materials for the Aluminium Industry).

TMS 2010, Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, USA, February 13-18, 2010.

Solar Technology Research Corporation, Tucson, AZ, USA, February 18-23, 2010. Research Cooperation.

The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences, Oslo, Norway, March 4, 2010. Industrial Council Meeting.

2010 Swedish-Korean Joint Workshop on Advanced Solar Cells, Materials and Si Devices, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Uppsala, Sweden, March 30, 2010. Lecture on: “Recent progress on the silicon for solar industry”.

Norwegian Chemical Society, Oslo, Norway, February 9, 2010. Council Meeting.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production, Trondheim, Norway, May 18-28, 2010. Director.

Sunndal Verk, Hydro, Sunndalsøra, Norway, May 19, 2010. Plant Excursion.

29th International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, May 31 - June 4, 2010. Chairman and lecturer on: “The principles of aluminium electrolysis” and “Cathode failure and cell service life for modern cells”.

CRU’s 15 World Aluminium Conference, Oslo, Norway, June 21-23, 2010.

Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry X, Ålesund - Geiranger, Norway, June 28 - July 1, 2010. Chairman.

Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, September 16, 2010. ISO General Assembly and Project Meeting, ISO.

Non-Ferrous Metals - 2010, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, September 2-4, 2010. Lecture on: “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”.

Alstadhaug Tingrett, Mosjøen, Norway, October 5-6, 2010. Judge.

Metalysis, Wath upon Deame, Rotherham, UK, October 11, 2010. Plant visit.

ARABAL 2010, Luxor, Egypt, November 1-3, 2010. Lecture on: “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”.

Course on “Innovation and Management in Aluminium Technology”, Trondheim, Norway, November 8-11, 2010. Lectures on: “Principles of aluminium electrolysis”, “Cathode block materials and design”, “Sidewall materials, ramming paste”, “Barrier refractories and insulation materials”, “Cell design”, “Increase of amperage”, “Power failure, temporary pot shutdown, restart and repair”,

“Current efficiency”, “Inert anodes”, “Wettable cathodes”, “3-D modelling of thermal and sodium expansion in Soderberg aluminium reduction cells”, “Test methodes”, “Alumina quality issues”, “Health and safety”, “Treatment of spent potlining”, “Cooperation industry and academia”.

Sunndal Verk, Hydro, Sunndalsøra, Norway, November 12, 2010. Plant Excursion.

Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, November 17, 2010. Project meeting, ISO.

Vegar ØygardenNorFERM symposium, Storaas Gjestegård, Kongsvinger, Norway, April 12-14, 2010. Presentation on: “Symposium on high temperature proton and mixed proton electron conductors for future energy technologies”.

Electroceramics XII, Trondheim, Norway, June 13-16, 2010. Poster.

Summer School: Ceramics membranes for green chemical production and clean power generation, Valencia, Spain, September 8-10, 2010.

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NTNU – Innovation and CreativityThe Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim represents academic eminence in technology and the natural sciences as well as in other academic disciplines ranging from the social sciences, the arts, medicine, architecture to fine arts. Cross-disciplinary cooperation results in ideas no one else has thought of, and creative solutions that change our daily lives.

Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

www.ntnu.edu

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