department of mathematics and science big idea 6: earth structures grade 5 mary tweedy, curriculum...

Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea 6: Earth StructuresGrade 5

Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist

Dr. Millard Lightburn, Elementary Science Supervisor

Part One:Grade 5 Essential Lab # 8

Physical Properties of Minerals

Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks:

Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic

Part Three:Grade 5 Essential Lab # 9Weathering and Erosion

Part Four:Earth’s Resources

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Part 1: Physical Properties of MineralsPart 1: Physical Properties of Minerals

Benchmark

SC.4.E.6.2 - Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the role of minerals in the formation of rocks.

•Identify physical properties (hardness, streak color, cleavage, and luster) of common minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, calcite, mica, pyrite, talc, and graphite.

•Describe and/or explain the role of minerals in the formation of rocks.


Minerals and You

Every solid material made from nature that’s neither plant or animal--not a living thing is a mineral or made from minerals. Minerals touch our lives in hundreds of ways each day. Life as we know it would not exist without them.

What are some minerals that touch your lives?

What are minerals? (Discovery)


What are the Five Characteristics That Minerals Share?

To help you remember try this mnemonic device:

N

I

C

S

Diner

- Naturally Occurring – Not made by humans

- Inorganic – Was never alive

- Crystalline (crystals) – The atoms form a

pattern and repeat themselves in all directions.- Solid

-Definite Chemical Composition – Example:

Salt aka halite has a chemical composition

of NaCl throughout


Is it a Mineral or a Non-Mineral?

Salt coal

Aluminum foil ice

Copper penny water vapor

Twig ceramic tile

String soil

Quartz granite

Feldspar shell

List of MineralsDepartment of Mathematics and Science

What is a Mineral?http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/index.html

A mineral is a Natural, Inorganic (nonliving), Crystalline (crystal pattern), Solid with a Definite chemical structure.

A Mineral is a material that has its own set of properties: (Discovery)

How are minerals identified? (free BrainPop)

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778026/164213/00044674.html

• color streak color hardness luster breakage: cleavage or

fracture

• Minerals by Name


Mineral Stations

Station # 1: Streak

Station # 2: Luster (metallic or non-metallic)

Station # 3: Breakage – Fracture vs. Cleavage

Station # 4: Color

Station # 5: Hardness

Station # 6: Who am I?

Write station responses in your notebook.Department of Mathematics and Science

Mineral Identification Chart


SC.4.E.6.2 Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the role of minerals in the formation of rocksSC.4.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, use appropriate reference materials that support understanding to obtain information (identifying the source), conduct both individual and team investigations through systematic investigations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations.SC.4.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using multiple tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups.SC.4.N.1.6 Keep records that describe observations made, carefully distinguishing actual observations from ideas and inferences about the observations.LACC.5.SL.1.1. Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Essential Lab # 8 Benchmarks


Essential Lab # 8Physical Properties of Minerals

• Essential Question: How are minerals identified?

• Materials: Mineral specimens hand lens

penny (1982 or older) streak platepaperclip (steel blade) magnet

Mineral Detective


Procedures1. Read the Mystery Mineral Worksheet. Look carefully at each

property and its descriptions at the top of worksheet.

2. Choose a mineral to observe and record its identification # on the worksheet.

3. Observe and perform the physical property tests and record the results.

4. Repeat for each different mystery mineral.

5. Share and discuss mineral property observations within your group.

6. Use the Mineral Identification to compare observation results with the Mineral Identification Key to determine the real identity of the minerals.

7. Record each mineral’s identity in column one.

8. Share mineral identification results with your group and the whole class.


Using Physical Properties to Identify the Mystery Minerals

Sample #

Color Streak

Color of mineral when it’s scratched across streak plate

Luster Glassy-shines like glass Dull-earthy/chalky Metallic-looks like metal Waxy/pearly-has a muted shine

Hardness

Mohs Scale Scratched by

1 Fingernail-easily 2 Fingernail 3 Penny-easily 4 Penny 5 Steel (paperclip) 6 glass 7-10 Will scratch Glass/steel

Other

Magnetic Texture Smell Shape

Flakes into sheets

#____ ________

(identity)

#____ ________

(identity)

#____ _________

(identity)

#____ _________

(identity)

#____ ______ (identity)

#____ ________

(identity)

Mineral Identification Keys:

Some Common Minerals and Their Properties Key

Name Color Streak Luster Hardness Other Properties

Graphite Black Black Metallic 1 Crystals are rare.

Mica Colorless White Pearly 2.5-3 Flakes into sheets

Halite Colorless White Glassy 2.5 Salty taste

Galena Gray Gray Metallic 2.5-3 Crystal Cubes

Calcite Colorless White Glassy 3 Crystalline

Magnetite Black Black Dull 5.5-6.5 Magnetic

Pyrite Golden Black Metallic 6-6.5 Looks like gold

Feldspar Various White Glassy 6-6.5 Two cleavages

Quartz Various White Glassy 7 Round fracture

Hornblende Dark green

to black Gray Glassy 5.5 Splintery appearance

Additional Mineral Identification Keys:•Grade 5 Scott Foresman p. 284 •http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals.html Department of Mathematics and Science

Group Discussion

Beginning with the shortest person in your group, take turns going around the table in a clockwise direction sharing the identity of one of the minerals identified. •Do you all agree on its identity? How do your observations (evidence) compare with the others in the group? •Continue until all minerals have been shared. Then answer the following:•Which was your easiest mineral to identify? Why? Your hardest? Why? Share within your group.


Evaluate1. Name and explain three of the mineral properties

you observed?

2. Why do you think color may not be the best way

to identify minerals?

3. How did the hand lens help with observing

properties of the minerals?

4. What was the most difficult mineral to identify?

Why?Department of Mathematics and Science

Minerals Review1. Rocks are made of _____, which are

natural, nonliving solid crystals.

2. The way a mineral’s surface reflects light is called its __________.

3. The way a mineral can tend to break along lines or smooth surfaces when hit sharply is its ___________.

4. _________ is the color of a

mineral when it is powdered. It

is often different from the color of

the whole mineral.

5. The measure of the mineral’s

resistance to scratching is its _______.

A.Cleavage

B.Hardness

C. Luster

D. Minerals

E. Streak Color


Sample FCAT 2.0 Question SC.4.E.6.2

1. Eddy is trying to identify a mineral by

observing its luster. This means that he is

doing which of the following?

A. observing the way the mineral reflects light

B. scratching the mineral with other objects or

minerals

C. examining the color the mineral makes when

rubbed across porcelain

D. feeling the mineral to determine if it is rough,

smooth, greasy, or glassy Florida Achieves



2.Tanya is trying to identify an unknown mineral.

To identify the mineral, Tanya breaks it and

observes the planes and patterns formed along

the break.

Which property of minerals is Tanya testing?

A. cleavage

B. hardness

C. luster

D. texture

Florida Achieves Department of Mathematics and Science


3. Samantha is identifying different minerals

she found on vacation. Which property of

the minerals will Samantha be LEAST able

to determine by using only her eyes?

A. color

B. hardness

C. luster

D. textureFlorida Achieves


Extension

Gizmo Activity:

•Mineral Identification


Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks:Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks: Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic

SC.4.E.6.1 Identify the three categories of rocks: igneous, (formed from molten rock); sedimentary (pieces of other rocks and fossilized organisms); and metamorphic (formed from heat and pressure. (assessed as SC.4.E.6.2.

Content Limits and Clarifications•Students will identify the three categories of rocks and how they were formed.

•Items will not assess the rock cycle.


Part 2: Part 2: Identification of the Three Types of RocksIdentification of the Three Types of Rocks Essential Question:

What are Rocks?

Rocks …•Solid earth material•Make up the crust of the Earth•Mixture of one or more minerals•Range in size from giant mountains to grains of sand•Can be smooth or rough, shiny or dull, one color or many colors

More about Rocks from Discovery


Essential Question: What are the Three main types of

rocks?

1. Sedimentary Rock

1. Igneous Rock

3. Metamorphic Rock

Rock Type Photographs and more: http://geology.com/rocks/Department of Mathematics and Science

Sedimentary Rocks • Form when layers of rock particles get pressed together at

or near Earth's surface https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• Nickname = “Layered” rocks• May contain fossils• Common near bodies of water or where water existed in

the past• Characteristics: Layers Loosely

compacted• Distinct particles Dull Light Colored• Light weight

See http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.

Igneous Rocks • Form when magma (hot liquid rock) cools and

hardens• Cools very fast = glassy with holes• Cools fast = glassy• Cools slow = small crystals• Cools very slow = large crystals

• Nickname= “Fire formed” rocks:

Pumice is a gas-charged igneous rock.

Can you identify some others?

1

23

45

granite scoria obsidian pumice

http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml

Metamorphic Rocks

• Form when underground rocks are changed due to high pressure

• Nickname = “Changed” rocks• Common in mountains• Characteristics: Thick layers Blended colors Tightly compacted Blurred particles Shiny

Rock Type Photographs and more: http://geology.com/rocks/

See http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.

Observe and Classify RocksInquiry

Three Main Types

1. Sedimentary Rock

2. Igneous Rock

3. Metamorphic Rock


Scientist Profile: Volcano Scientist

How Rocks Formed Song(Sing to the tune of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”)

Sedimentary rock

Has been formed in layers

Often found near water sources

With fossils from decayers

Then there’s igneous rock

Here since Earth was born

Molten lava, cooled and hardened

That’s how it formed

These two types of rocks,

Can also be transformed

With pressure, heat, and chemicals

Metamorphic they’ll become http://geology.com/rocks/

Adapted from Utah Elem. CORE Academy 2006

How do rocks form?• Igneous rocks form when magma cools

underground or lava from volcanic eruptions cools on Earth’s surface.

• Sedimentary rocks form when bits of different rocks pile up. Over a long time, the rock bits are buried and squeezed together to form sedimentary rocks.

• Metamorphic rocks form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and pressure.


What’s the Rock: Reference Sheet

1. Igneous: Form when magma cools and hardens.

•Cools very fast = glassy with holes•Cools fast = glassy•Cools slow = small crystals•Cools very slow = large crystals

2. Sedimentary:Form when layers of rock particles

get pressed together• Loosely compacted layers Distinct particles Dull Light Colored

3. Metamorphic:Form when underground rocks are

changed due to high pressure•Thick layers Tightly compacted Shiny•Blended colors Blurred particles

(Adapted from Utah Elem. CORE Academy 2006)

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question1. Eddy is examining two igneous rocks. He observes that one rock is light-colored and one is dark-colored. Both rocks have very large crystals and are very coarse.

How can two rocks made by the same process be so different in color?

A. They contain different minerals.

B.They were made at different times.

C.They were worn down at different rates.

D.They cooled at different rates.Florida Achieves


Sample FCAT 2.0 Question1. What type rock is formed when grains of sand and other sediments that have eroded from mountains and have been washed down to sea are pressed and cemented together?

A.Igneous

B.Metamorphic

C.Oceanic

D.Sedimentary

Discovery Education Department of Mathematics and Science

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question• Dr. Gonzalez is searching for recently-formed

igneous rocks for her collection. Where would this type of rock most likely be found?

A. in a deep cavern

B. on a sandy beach

C. near a volcano

D. at the mouth of a river

Florida Achieves


Sample FCAT 2.0 QuestionMetamorphic rocks are formed under great pressure or temperature. Which geologic process would make a metamorphic rock?

A.the sliding of a valley glacier

B.the deposition of sand by wind

C.the movement of Earth's crust

D.the removal of surface rock by water


Sample FCAT 2.0 Question

While hiking in the Everglades, Melissa finds the fossil of clam in a rock. In which type of rock would you most likely find a fossil?

A.Igneous

B.Metamorphic

C.Oceanic

D.Sedimentary


Part Three: Part Three: Weathering and ErosionWeathering and Erosion

SC.4.E.6.4 Describe the basic differences between physical weathering (breaking down of rock by wind, water, ice, temperature change, and plants) and erosion (movement of rock by gravity, wind, water, and ice).

•Students will identify and/or describe the processes of physical weathering and erosion.•Students will compare and contrast the agents of and/or processes of physical weathering and erosion.


What role does flowing water have in all of the different sizes of rocks in streams?

Hypothesis: __________________________Department of Mathematics and Science

What role does flowing water have in all of the different sizes of rocks in streams?

Before Shaking the Jar

(Control)

Number of rocks _____

Rock measures ____ cm

Water looks…

After Shaking the Jar

(Test)

Number of rocks ______

Rock measures ____ cm

Water looks…

Data Table

PhysicalWeatheringhttp://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/project/index.html

1.

2.

3.

4.


Erosion

• Erosion is the movement of sediments from one place to another. Water is the primary agent of erosion, though wind and glacier ice also contribute .


Essential Lab # 9 Benchmarks• SC.4.E.6.4 Describe the basic differences between physical weathering

(breaking down of rock by wind, water, ice, temperature change, and plants) and erosion (movement of rock by gravity, wind, water, and ice).

• SC.4.N.1.1 Rise questions about the natural world, use appropriate reference materials that support understanding to obtain information (identifying the source), conduct both individual and team investigations through free exploration and systematic investigations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations.

• SC.4.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using multiple tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups.

• SC.4.N.1.5 Compare the methods and results of investigations done by other classmates.

• SC.4.N.1.6 Keep records that describe observations made, carefully distinguishing actual observations from ideas and inferences about the observations.

• SC.4.N.1.7 Recognize and explain that scientists base their explanations on evidence.


ESSENTIAL LAB # 9: WEATHERING AND EROSION

1. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed?

2. Why do you think it has gotten deeper and wider over time?

3. How long do you think it took for the Grand Canyon to form?


Station # 1: What happens when it rains on a sandy soil plain?

Station # 2: How does water erode a sandy mountain with no grass?

Station #3: How does grass affect water erosion on a mountain?

Station # 4: How does flowing water wear down and move rocks?

Station # 5: How can wind cause changes in rocks?


Weathering and Erosion Stations

Lab Station Follow Up Questions:1. What is weathering?

2. In which part(s) of the stations did you observe weathering?

3. What is erosion?

4. In which part(s) of the stations did you observe erosion?

5. Comparing results from stations 2 and 3, what is a way to keep erosion from happening?

6. What is the most interesting discovery you made from these station activities?


1) The agents of erosion include all except

_____________.

A) rock and rock fragments under the influence of gravity

B) currents such as wind, water, or ice flow

C) the breaking down of rock through

processes where no movement is involved

D) poor land uses such as deforestation and

unmanaged constructionDepartment of Mathematics and Science

FCAT 2.0 Question

FCAT 2.0 Question

2. What occurs when gravity pulls loose material down to the bottom of a slope in a sudden motion?

A) tsunami

B) flood

C) landslide

D) earthquake


3. Weathering can be caused by ___________________.

A) canyons, caves, and landslides

B) rain, wind, and plant roots

C) rivers, mountains, and currents

D) tides, mice, and glaciers


FCAT 2.0 Question

4. How did weathering and erosion form the

Grand Canyon?

A)Flooding caused landslides many years ago,

and the canyon was formed very quickly.

B) A great earthquake caused the a giant crack in

the earth, and the canyon was formed.

C) Many volcanoes in that area erupted, and the

lava caused the rocks to melt away. D) Rain, wind, and the river cut into the rock and soil, removed it, and slowly formed the canyon.

FCAT 2.0 Question


Part Four: Earth’s Resources

Benchmarks

SC.4.E.6.3 Recognize that humans need resources found on Earth and that these are either renewable or nonrenewable.

SC.4.E.6.6 Identify resources available in Florida (water, phosphate, oil, limestone, silicon, wind, and solar energy).


Earth’s Resources

What are some of Earth’s natural resources??

Water

Plants

Sun

Air

Wind

Minerals

rocks

Land

Soil

Oil

Coal

Animals


What resources are found in Florida ?

Florida has many natural resources:

Beaches

Oil

Citrus

Water

Solar Energy

Pine Forests

Cattle

Phosphate

Limestone

Reefs

What are someRenewable Resources?

The sun is a renewable resource.

Energy from the sun is never used up.

Water is a renewable natural resource.

It evaporates from the oceans, precipitates in the form of rain and snow, and flows through rivers and streams back to the oceans. Plants are renewable because plants can grow more plants. Seeds grow into plants that bear flowers. These flowers, when fertilized, produce seeds that grow into new plants.


What are Florida’s Renewable Resources?

Renewable Resources

Oranges

Sources o

f

Water

Wind

Solar Energy

Why are renewable resources important to us?

• Renewable resources can be recreated, although some, like trees, may take more time to renew than we can wait.

• Nonrenewable resources can be used up.


What are Nonrenewable Resources?They are resources that formed over millions of years. They can not be made again in our children or our grandchildren’s lifetimes.There is a limited supply of these resources and people are using them faster than they can be replaced.

What are some examples? fossil fuels: •natural gas•crude oil•coalMinerals:•aluminum•silver•iron


What are Florida’s Nonrenewable Resources?

Oil Phosphate

Limestone

Nonrenewable

Silicon

1. What are they used for? 2. Are any of them sources of energy?

Limestone is a nonrenewable Florida Resource

• building and landscape materials

• materials used in road construction

• cement manufacturing

*Bonus questions:

What type of rock is limestone?

Limestone is a sedimentary rock.

How do sedimentary rocks form?

Things that are made from Limestone:

What are examples of renewable and nonrenewable resources?

• Some renewable resources include:

sunlight, water, wind, soil, and trees

• Some nonrenewable resources include:

coal, oil, and natural gas


Virtual Lab: WOW, Windmills!Variables (Things that can change.):

____________ _____________ _____________

Variable I will change (Test/Independent/Manipulated):

___________________

Testable question (Problem Statement):

______________________________________________

This is a fair test because________________________

_____________________________________________

Hypothesis:

______________________________________________

Procedures:

Virtual Lab: WOW, Windmills!Test Number Number

of BladesShape

of BladesPitch (angle)

of BladesAverage Number of Spins in 1 Min.


Data :

What are the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources?

•Nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot be replaced in a short amount of time. •Unlike renewable resources, it is possible for humans to use up all of the nonrenewable resources in the world.•A renewable resource is a resource that humans are not likely to run out of. •Wind is a renewable resource because the wind will always continue to blow on Earth. •Trees are a renewable resource because they can be planted and grown in a short amount of time. Department of Mathematics and Science

Saving Resources The world doesn’t have an endless supply of

natural resources. We have to make our natural resources last longer. The wise use and protection of natural resources is called conservation.

ReuseRecycle

Reduce

Ride your

bicycle instead

of driving

Turn off the water while you brush your teeth

Use cloth

shopping bags

Turn off lights when you

leave a room

Buy recycled products

Recycle aluminum cans

Energy Conservation

What can we do?

•We can use resources wisely.

•We can reduce, reuse, an recycle.


FCAT Review

1. Earth will eventually run out of certain kinds of energy resources. These are called nonrenewable energy resources. Which answer lists ONLY nonrenewable energy resources?

A.solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric

B.natural gas, wind, and water

C.gasoline, solar, and nuclear

D.coal, oil, and natural gas

Department of Mathematics and ScienceFlorida Achieves

FCAT Review

2. In Florida, limestone mining produces over 153 million tons of products a year, including concrete, asphalt, and cement.Which of the following best describes how limestone mining should be handled in Florida? A.It should be restricted, because some people have a toxic reaction to limestone products.B.It should be restricted, because there is only a limited amount of limestone available. C.It does not need to be restricted, because new deposits of limestone can be discovered and used.D.It does not need to be restricted, because limestone can be easily replaced as sediment is compacted.

FCAT Review

3. It is important to develop renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. What is the advantage of using these resources, instead of using fossil fuels?

A.They make more energy than fossil fuels.B.They are cheaper to maintain than fossil fuels.C.They cannot be depleted or used up, like fossil fuels. D.They do not depend on weather conditions, like fossil fuels.

Department of Mathematics and ScienceFlorida Achieves

Show What You Know3- List 3 nonrenewable resources

2- List 2 renewable resources

1- Write 1 idea for conserving

resources

Big Idea 6: Vocabulary Review Gamehttp://quizlet.com/21273436/gr-5-big-idea-6-earth-structures-review-flash-cards/


department of mathematics and science big idea 6: earth structures grade 5 mary tweedy, curriculum...

Documents

role of minerals

fracture minerals

minerals share

science slide

luster of common minerals

color station

cleavage station

streak station