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Department of Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

RSET VISION

RSET MISSION

To evolve into a premier technological and research institution,

moulding eminent professionals with creative minds, innovative

ideas and sound practical skill, and to shape a future where

technology works for the enrichment of mankind.

To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in various

technological disciplines and to inculcate in them a high degree of

social consciousness and human values, thereby enabling them to

face the challenges of life with courage and conviction.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

DEPARTMENT VISION

DEPARTMENTMISSION

To evolve into a centre of excellence by imparting professional

education in mechanical engineering with a unique academic and

research ambience that fosters innovation, creativity and excellence.

.

• To have state-of-the-art infrastructure facilities.

• To have highly qualified and experienced faculty from

academics, research organizations and industry.

• To develop students as socially committed professionals with

sound engineering knowledge, creative minds, leadership

qualities and practical skills.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

PEO 1: Demonstrated the ability to analyze, formulate and solve/design

engineering/real life problems based on his/her solid foundation in mathematics,

science and engineering.

PEO 2: Showcased the ability to apply their knowledge and skills for a

successful career in diverse domains viz., industry/technical, research and higher

education/academia with creativity, commitment and social consciousness.

PEO 3: Exhibited professionalism, ethical attitude, communication skill, team

work, multidisciplinary approach, professional development through continued

education and an ability to relate engineering issues to broader social context.

a) Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Science,

Engineering fundamentals, and Mechanical Engineering to the solution of

complex engineering problems.

b) Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and

analyze complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions

using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and Engineering

sciences.

c) Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex Engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified

needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the

cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

d) Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and

interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid

conclusions.

e) Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,

and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to

complex Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

f) The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual

knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the

consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.

g) Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

Engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate

the knowledge of, and the need for sustainable developments.

h) Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.

i) Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

j) Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities

with the Engineering Community and with society at large, such as, being able

to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make

effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

k) Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding

of the Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own

work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi-

disciplinary environments.

l) Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and

ability to engage in independent and life- long learning in the broadest context

of technological change.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

Mechanical Engineering Programme Students will be able to:

a) Apply their knowledge in the domain of engineering mechanics, thermal

and fluid sciences to solve engineering problems utilizing advanced

technology.

b) Successfully apply the principles of design, analysis and implementation

of mechanical systems/processes which have been learned as a part of the

curriculum.

c) Develop and implement new ideas on product design and development

with the help of modern CAD/CAM tools, while ensuring best

manufacturing practices.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

INDEX PAGE NO:

1. SEMESTER PLAN

2. ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE

3. SCHEME

4. ME401 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS I

4.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

4.2. COURSE PLAN

4.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS

5. ME403 ADVANCED ENERGY ENGINEERING


5.2. COURSE PLAN


6. ME405 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING


6.2. COURSE PLAN


7. ME 407 MECHATRONICS


7.2. COURSE PLAN


8. ME 409 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW


8.2. COURSE PLAN


9. ME 461 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING


9.2. COURSE PLAN


10. Elective 3: ME 463 AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING


10.2. COURSE PLAN


11. Elective 3: ME 467 CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING


11.2. COURSE PLAN

11.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS

12. Elective 3: ME 471 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES


12.2. COURSE PLAN


13. ME 431 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB


13.2. SAMPLE VIVA QUESTIONS

14. ME 451 SEMINAR & PROJECT PRELIMINARY

14.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

14.2 COURSE PLAN


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

SEMESTER PLAN


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE

Week 4 ME401 Design Of Machine Elements I

Week 5 ME403 Advanced Energy Engineering

Week 5 ME405 Refrigeration And Air Conditioning

Week 6 ME 407 Mechatronics

Week 7 ME 409 Compressible Fluid Flow

Week 8 Elective 3

Week 8 ME401 Design Of Machine Elements I

Week 9 ME403 Advanced Energy Engineering

Week 9 ME405 Refrigeration And Air Conditioning

Week 12 ME 407 Mechatronics

Week 12 ME 409 Compressible Fluid Flow

Week 13 Elective 3


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

SCHEME

Code Subject

Hours/week

Credits Exam

Slot L T P/D

ME401 Design of Machine Elements I 3 1 0 4 A

ME403 Advanced Energy Engineering 3 0 0 3 B

ME405 Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning 2 1 0 3 C

ME407 Mechatronics 3 0 0 3 D

ME409 Compressible Fluid Flow 2 1 0 3 E

Elective 3 3 0 0 3 F

ME431 Mechanical Engineering Lab 0 0 3 1 T

ME451 Seminar & Project Preliminary 0 1 4 2 S

Total 16 4 7 22

ME 401 Design of Machine Elements I S7ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4. ME 401 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS I


PROGRAMME:MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

DEGREE: B.TECH

University: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological

University

COURSE: DESIGN OF MACHINE

ELEMENTS 1 SEMESTER: VII CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: ME 401

REGULATION:2016 COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: MECHANICAL

SYSTEMS, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours lecture and 1

hour tutorial,per week

SYLLABUS:

MODULE CONTENTS HOURS

I

Introduction to Design- Definition, steps in design process,

preferred numbers, standards and codes in design.

Materials and their properties- Elastic and plastic behavior of

metals, ductile and brittle behaviour, shear, bending and torsional

stresses, combined stresses, stress concentration factor.

9

II

Theories of Failure- Guest’s Theory, Rankine’s Theory, St. Venant’s

Theory, Haigh’s Theory, and Von Mises and Hencky Theory.

Shock and impact loads, fatigue loading, endurance limit stress,

factors affecting endurance limit, factor of safety.

11

III

Threaded Joints- Terminology, thread standards, types of threads,

stresses in screw threads.

Bolted joints- effect of initial tension, eccentric loading, design of

bolts for static and fatigue loading, gasketed joints, power screws

7

IV

Design of riveted joints- Material for rivets, modes of failure,

efficiency of joint, design of boiler and tank joints, structural joints.

Cotter and Knuckle joints- Gib and Cotter Joint, analysis of knuckle

joint.

12


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

Design of welded joints- welding symbols, stresses in fillet and butt

welds, Butt joint in tension, fillet weld in tension, fillet joint under

torsion, fillet wed under bending, eccentrically loaded welds.

V

Springs- classification, spring materials, stresses and deflection of

helical springs, axial loading, curvature effect, resilience, static and

fatigue loading, surging, critical frequency, concentric springs, end

construction.

Leaf springs- Flat springs, semi elliptical laminated leaf springs,

design of leaf springs, nipping

9

VI

Shafting- material, design considerations, causes of failure in shafts,

design based on strength, rigidity and critical speed, design for

static and fatigue loads, repeated loading, reversed bending.

Design of Coupling- selection, classification, rigid and flexible

coupling, design of keys and pins.

8

TOTAL HOURS= 56

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHOR/PUBLICATION

T1 Machine Design Data hand book by K. Lingaiah, Suma Publishers, Bangalore/ Tata

McGraw Hill

T2 PSG Design Data, DPV Printers, Coimbatore.

T3 K. Mahadevan, K.Balaveera Reddy, Design Data Hand Book, CBS Publishers &

Distributors, 2013

T4 V.B. Bhandari, Design of Machine Elements, McGraw Hill Book Company

T5 R. L. Norton, Machine Design – An Integrated Approach, Pearson Education, 2001

T6 Jalaludeen , Machine Design, Anuradha Publications, Chennai,2014

R1 J. E. Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill,2003

R2 Juvinall R.C &Marshek K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, John

Wiley,2003

R3 M. F. Spotts, T. E. Shoup, Design of Machine Elements, Pearson Education, 2006

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

ME 201 Mechanics of Solids

To understand the stresses and strains in

different materials and analyze strength

characteristic of structural members.

3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To review concepts of statics and strength of materials

2 To introduce fundamental approaches to failure prevention of components.

3 To provide knowledge in the design of common machine elements such as fasteners,

shafts, springs cotter joints and couplings

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl. NO DESCRIPTION

Blooms’

Taxomomy

Level

CME401.1

Students will able tounderstand and identifythedifferent

procedures to be followed during different phases of design

process and understand the basic material properties.

Understand

(Level 2)

CME401.2 Students will understand different failure theories and basic

concepts of deign factors like stress, factor of safety, etc.

Understand

(Level 2)

CME401.3

Studentswill understand the basics of threaded and bolted

joints. They will identify the forces acting on the joint and

calculate the maximum stress in the system. They will be able

to compare and evaluate the permissible stress on a material

and select the material for required force. With the optimum

constrains students are able to design threaded and bolts.

Understand

(Level 2)

Apply

(Level 3)

Analyze

(Level 4)

Evaluate

(Level 5)

Create

(Level 6)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME401.4

Students will understand the basics and applications of riveted,

cotter, kuckle, gib and welded joints. They will be able to

calculate and analyze the load on the system. According to the

application, student will be able to choose the type of joint and

design the system to satisfy the requirement.

Understand

(Level 2)

Apply

(Level 3)

Analyze

(Level 4)

Evaluate

(Level 5)

Create

(Level 6)

CME401.5

Students will be able to classify different type of springs. They

will be able to predict different effects on the spring under

different loading conditions. According to application they will

be able to calculate the load and analyze the deformation of the

spring. By evaluating the load carrying capacity, the student can

design the spring to the required system.

Understand

(Level 2)

Apply

(Level 3)

Analyze

(Level 4)

Evaluate

(Level 5)

Create

(Level 6)

CME401.6

Students will be able to explain the different design

consideration while designing shaft and couplings. They will be

able to calculate the forces acting on the system. Students will

be able to analyze and choose suitable design parametersfor

the system. They will be able to design couplings (shaft, keys,

pins etc.) for the specified requirement.

Understand

(Level 2)

Apply

(Level 3)

Analyze

(Level 4)

Evaluate

(Level 5)

Create

(Level 6)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CO-PO AND CO-PSO MAPPING

P

O

1

P

O

2

P

O

3

P

O

4

P

O

5

P

O

6

P

O

7

P

O

8

P

O

9

P

O

10

P

O

11

P

O

12

PS

O

1

PS

O

2

PS

O

3

CME401.1 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CME401.2 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CME401.3 2 3 3 - - 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 3 -

CME401.4 2 3 3 - - 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 3 -

CME401.5 2 3 3 - - 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 3 -

CME401.6 2 3 3 - - 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 3 -

CME401 2.

33

2.

33 3 - - 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 3 -

1- Low correlation (Low), 2- Medium correlation(Medium) , 3-High correlation(High)

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH JUSTIFICATION

CME401.1-PO1 H Students can gain the basic knowledge of steps involved in design process

CME401.1-PO2 L Students understands basic design procedure and material properties

CME401.2-PO1 H Students understand fundamental design factors and learn different failure

theories.

CME401.2-PO2 L Students are able to identify and formulate basic design factors like stress

and factor of safety.

CME401.3-PO1 M Student understands the basic concepts of threaded and bolted joints.

CME401.3-PO2 H The forces acting of the system are identified. Formulations are solved to

select suitable parameter for design.

CME401.3-PO3 H With the optimum constrains threaded and bolts are designed.

CME401.3-PO6 H The design assures safety.

CME401.3-PO10 H

The documentation of design procedure is done so as to communicate the

information to required person.

CME401.3-PO12 M With the advancement of technology, design concepts have to be improvised

to provide solution to the latest technology.

CME401.4-PO1 M Student understands the basic concepts of riveted, cotter, knuckle, gib and

welded joints.



CME401.4-PO3 H With the optimum constrains riveted and welded joints are designed.



COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME401.4-PO10 H





CME401.5-PO1 M Student understands the basic concepts of springs



CME401.5-PO3 H With the optimum constrains springs are designed.


CME401.5-PO10 H





CME401.6-PO1 M Student understands the basic concepts of shafts and couplings



CME401.6-PO3 H With the optimum constrains couplings (shaft, key, pins, etc.) are designed.


CME401.6-PO10 H





JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PSO MAPPING

MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH JUSTIFICATION

CME401.3-PSO2 H Applying the principles of design for manufacturing threaded and

bolted joints.

CME401.4-PSO2 H Applying the principles of design for manufacturing riveted and

welded joints.

CME401.5-PSO2 H Applying the principles of design for manufacturing springs.

CME401.6-PSO2 H Applying the principles of design for manufacturing couplings

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:

SI

NO DESCRIPTION

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1

Use of finite element tools to

compare the design procedure

followed

CAD Lab 1,2,3,4,5 2,3

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

SI

NO DESCRIPTION

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1 Design of various real

machine elements as

students projects

Projects/

Assignments

1,2,3,4,5 2,3

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

1 http://nptel.ac.in/downloads/112105125/

2 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-

contents/IIT%20Kharagpur/Machine%20design1/New_index1.html

3 http://www.iannauniversity.com/2012/06/me2303-design-of-machine-

elements_26.html

4 http://www.svecw.edu.in/Docs%5CMEDMMLnotes2013.pdf

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑WEB RESOURCES

☑ LCD/SMART

BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT

☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☑ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☑ UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐STUD. LAB

PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA

☐MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES ☐ OTHERS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT

☑ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY

FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY

(ONCE)

☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS

BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4.2 COURSE PLAN

Day Module Topic

1

1

Introduction to Design- Definition

2 Steps in design process, preferred numbers

3 Standards and codes in design

4 Materials and their properties- Elastic behavior of metals

5 Materials and their properties- plastic behavior of metals

6 Ductile and brittle behavior, shear,

7 Bending and torsional stresses

8 Combined stresses

9 Stress concentration factor.

10

2

Theories of failure - Guest’s theory

11 Rankine’s theory -

12 St. Venant’s theory

13 Haigh’s theory

14 Von Mises&Hencky theory

15 Shock and impact loads

16 Fatigue loading

17 Eendurance limit stress

18 Factors affecting endurance limit

19 Factor of safety

20 Creep and thermal stresses

21

3

Threaded Joints- Terminology

22 Thread standards- thread nomenclature

23 Stresses in screw threads

24 Bolted joints- effect of initial tension, eccentric loading

25 Design of bolts for static and fatigue loading

26 Gasketed joints

27 Power screws

28

4

Design of riveted joints –Materials for rivet

29 Failure of riveted joints and efficiency of joint

30 Boiler and tank joints structural joints


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

31 Cotter and Knuckle joints

32 Gib and Cotter Joint

33 Analysis of knuckle joint.

34 Design of welded joints- welding symbols

35 Stresses in fillet and butt welds

36 Butt joint in tension

37 Fillet weld in tension, fillet joint under torsion,

38 Fillet wed under bending,

39 Eccentrically loaded welds.

40

5

Springs- classification

41 Spring materials, stresses and deflection of helical springs,

42 Axial loading, curvature effect

43 Resilience, static and fatigue loading

44 Surging, critical frequency

45 Concentric springs, end construction.

46 Leaf springs- Flat springs

47 Semi elliptical laminated leaf springs

48 Design of leaf springs, nipping

49

6

Shafting- material

50 Design considerations, causes of failure in shafts.

51 Design based on strength, rigidity and critical speed.

52 Design for static and fatigue loads

53 Repeated loading, reversed bending

54 Design of Coupling- selection, classification

55 Rigid and flexible coupling

56 Design of keys and pins


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4.3 Sample questions

Module 1

1. Explain in detail the design consideration in design of machine elements

2. Briefly describe a) theories of failure b) Creep

3. Discuss the various factors affecting which govern the selection of material for machine

component.

4. Explain the weighted point method for material selection and state its limitations.

5. What are the ergonomic conditions in machine design?

6. Explain Fits and tolerances

7. Briefly describe standards and code in design.

8. Explain the term a) modulus of elasticity b) Explain ductile and brittle material using a

stress-strain diagram.

9. Explain a) combine stress b) stress concentration factor

10. Briefly explain the steps in design process

Module 2

1. Write a note on (i) fatigue failure and its prediction (ii) Factors affecting endurance limit.

2. A cantilever beam shown in figure below is subjected to load varying from P to 3P.

Determine the value of P if the material of beam has ultimate strength of 620.8 MPa., yield

strength of 400 MPa and endurance strength of 345.2 MPa. The stress concentration factor

may be taken as 1.4. Analyze the member at the change of cross section A-A. Use factor of

safety =3.

3. A mild steel shaft of 50 mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment of 2000Nm and a

torque T. If the yield point of the steel in tension is 200 MPa., find the maximum principle

stress; the maximum shear stress of yielding.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4. A cylinder shaft made of steel of yield strength 700Mpa is subjected to static loads

consisting of bending moment 10kNm and a torsional moment 30 kNm. Determine the

diameter of the shaft using maximum shear stress theory and maximum strain energy theory,

assuming a factor of safety of 2. Take E=210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio = 0.25.

5. Explain the following theories of failure a) Maximum normal stress theory, b) Maximum

shear stress theory and c) Distortion theory

6. A rod of 50mm diameter is subjected to compressive load of 20 kN together with a twisting

moment of 1.5kNm. It is made of C40 steel (σyt = 328.6 MPa). Determine the factor of safety

according to a) maximum normal stress theory and b) Maximum shear stress theory.

7. A bolt is subjected to tensile load of 18kN and a shear load of 12 kN. The material has a

yield stress of 328.6 MPa. Taking factor of safety as 2.5, determine the core diameter of bolt

according to the following theories of failure a) Rankine’s theory, b)Shear stress theory,

c)Shear energy theory and c) Saint Venant’s theory (Possion ratio = 0.298).

8. A machine member is subjected to the following stress σ x = 150 MPa, τ=24MPa. Find the

equivalent stress as per the following theories of failure, a) Shear stress theory, b) Normal

stress theory and c) Von-Mises theory.

9. Find the diameter of a rod subjected to a bending moment of 3 kNm and a twisting moment

of 1.8 kNm according to the following theories of failure, taking normal yield stress as 420

MPa and factor of safety as 3. a) Normal stress theory and b) Shear stress theory.

10. A M.S shaft having yield stress as 232 MPa is subjected to the following stresses σx =120

MPa and σy =-60 MPa and τ= 36 MPa. Find the factor of safety using: a) Rankine’s theory, b)

Guest’s theory of failure and c) Von-Mises theory of failure.

Module 3

1. What are the different forms thread used for power screw? Explain with neat sketch.

2. A double threaded power screw, used for lifting the load, has nominal diameter of 30 mm

and a pitch of 6mm. The coefficient of friction in at the screw thread is 0.1. Neglecting collar

friction, calculate (a) Efficiency of the screw with square thread and (b) Efficiency with Acme

threads.

3. Distinguish between Differential and compound screw

4. A 50kN capacity screw jack consists of a square threaded steel screw meshing with a

bronze nut. The nominal diameter is 60mm and the pitch is 9mm. The permissible bearing

pressure at the thread is Is= 30N/mm2 Calculate: (a) The length of thread (b) The transverse

shear stress in the nut.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

5. A sluice gate weighting 500kN is raised at a speed of 6 m/min by two screw rods with

square threads 50*8 mm. The two screw rods are driven by bevel gears and motor. Determine

(a) torque require to raise the gate; (b) speed of rotation of the screw rods assuming the

thread are triple start; (c) maximum stress induced in the screw; (d) efficiency of the screw;

(e) Length of nuts required to support to load taking the allowable bearing pressure 12MPa;

(f) check for overhaul

6. A square thread of screw jack has a specification of 80*16 and is to raise a load of 100kN.

The mean radius of the thrust collar is 65mm. The coefficient of friction for the thread and

collar are 0.1 and 0.12 respectively. Determine a) the torque required to raise the thread, b)

overall efficiency c) Does the screw overhaul. Comment.

7. The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a transverse shear force of

5 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to all the five theories of failure.

8. The cylinder head of a steam engine is subjected to a stream pressure of 0.7 N/mm2. It is

held in position by means of 12 bolts. A soft copper gasket is used to make the joint leak

proof. The effective diameter of the cylinder is 300 mm. Find the size of the bolt so that the

stress in the bolt is not to exceed 100 N/mm2.

9. A cover plate is bolted on the flanged end of a pressure vessel through 6 bolts. The inner

diameter of the pressure vessel is 200mm and is subjected to an internal pressure of 10 MPa.

Selecting carbon steel C40 (σy = 328.6 MPa) as the material for the bolts determine the size of

the bolt, considering initial tension for the following cases: a) Metal to metal joints, b) A

copper gasket.

10. A steel bolt of M20 is used to connect two plates of each 16mm thick. A soft copper of

gasket of 3 mm thick is used in between the plates of joint to be leak proof. The outside and

inside diameters of gasket are 50mm and 22 mm respectively. Take modulus of elasticity of

bolt material as 200 Mpa and for gasket material as 120 MPa. The bolt is subjected to an axial

load of 15 kN. Determine the stress induced in the bolt.

Module 4

1. What are the different types of welded joints?

2. A circular shaft, 50mm in diameter is welded to a support by means of a fillet weld as

shown in the figure. Determine the size of the weld if the permissible shear stress in the weld

is limited to 100 N/m2.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

2. What are riveted joins? What are its advantages and disadvantages of riveted joints over

welded joins? Explain. Also explain the type of rivet heads.

3. Determine the load carrying capacity of a welded joint as shown in figure below. The size

of weld is 10mm and allowable shear stress in the weld is 66Mpa.

4. Design a triple riveted zigzag lap joint to connect two plates each 12mm thick. Draw a neat

sketch of the joint.

5. Design a triple riveted double covered butt joint with unequal cover plates to connect two

plates of 20mm thickness. Use permissible values of tensile, compressive and shear stress are

90 N/mm2, 150 N/mm2and 60 N/mm2respectively.

6. Determine the size of the weld for a bracket welded as shown in figure below. Allowable

shear stress in the weld is 90 MPa.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

7. A double riveted double cover butt joint in plates 20mm thick is made with 25mm diameter

rivets at 100 mm pitch. The permissible stresses are: Tensile =120 MPa, Shear stress 100

MPa, crushing stress =150 Mpa. Find the efficiency of joint, taking the strength of the rivet in

double shear as twice than that of single shear.

8. Design a double riveted butt joint with two cover plates for the longitudinal seam of a

boiler shell 1.5m in diameter is subjected to a steam pressure of 0.95 N/mm2. Assume joint

efficiency as 75%, allowable tensile stress in the plate 90MPa, compressive stress 140Mpa

and shear stress in the river 56 MPa.

9. Find the maximum shear stress induced in the weld of 6 mm size when a channel, as shown

in figure below, is welded to a plate and loaded with 20kN force at a distance of 200mm.

10. A rectangular steel plate is welded as a cantilever to a vertical column and supported a

single concentrated load P, as shown in figure below. Determine the weld size if shear stress

is not exceed 140 MPa.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

11. Design a cotter joint to support a load varying from 30 kN in compression to 30 kN in

tension. The material used is carbon steel for which the following allowable stress may be

used. The load is applied statically. Tensile stress= compressive stress= 50 MPa; shear stress

= 35 MPa, and crushing stress = 90 Mpa.

Module 5

1. A helical compression spring of a cam-mechanism is subjected to an initial pre load of 50 N.

The maximum operating force during the load cycle is 150N. The wire diameter is 3 mm while

the mean coil diameter is 18mm. The spring is made of oil hardened and tempered valve

spring wire of grade–SW (Sut =1430N/mm2). Determine the factor of safety used in the

design on the basis of fluctuating stress.

2. Design a helical spring for a safety valve. The valve must blow off at a pressure of 1.2 MPa

and should lift by 3mm for 5% increase in pressure. The valve diameter is 60mm. The

maximum allowable shear stress is 400 MN/m2 and the modulus of rigidity is 82.7 Gpa.

Assume the spring index as 8.

3. The load on a steel helical compression spring varies from 500 N to 1200 N. The spring

index is 6 and the desired factor of safety is 1.3. Determine the required wire size by taking

yield shear stress as 600 MN/m2 and the endurance shear stress as 300 MN/m2.

4. A semi elliptical laminated spring is to carry a load of 600N and consists of 8 leaves 46mm

wide, two of the leaves being of full length. The spring is to be made 1000mm between the

eyes and is held at the centre by a 60 mm wide band. Assume that the spring is initially

stressed so as to induce an equal stress of 500 N/mm2 when fully loaded. Design the spring

giving a) thickness of leaves b) eye diameter c)length of leaves d) maximum deflection and

radius to which the leaves should be initially bent.

5. A helical compressed spring made of oil tempered carbon steel, is subjected to a load which

varies from 400 N to 1000 N. The spring index is 6 and the design factor of safety is 1.25. The

yield stress in shear is 770 MPa and endurance stress in shear is 350 Mpa, find: (a) size of the

spring wire, (b) Diameter, (c) Number of turns of the spring and (d) Free length of the spring.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

The compression of the spring at the maximum load is 30mm. The modulus of rigidity of the

material may be taken as 80 kN/mm2.

6. Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for a deflection of 25

mm using the value of spring index as 5. The maximum permissible shear stress for spring

wire is 420 MPa and modulus of rigidity is 84 kN/mm2.

7. The load on a steel helical compression spring varies from 500 N to 1200 N. The spring

index is 6 and the desired factor of safety is 1.3. Determine the required wire size by taking

yield shear stress as 600 MN/m2 and the endurance shear stress as 300 MN/m2.

8. An automotive single plate clutch, with two pairs of friction surfaces, transmits 300 Nm

torque at 1500rpm. The inner and outer diameters of the friction disk are 170 and 270mm

respectively. The coefficient of friction is 0.35. The normal force on the friction surfaces is

exerted by nine helical compression springs, so that the clutch is disengaged when the

external force further compressed the springs. The spring index is 5 and the number of active

coils is 6. The springs are made of patented and cold-drawn steel wires of grade 2. (G=81370

N/mm2). The permissible shear stress for the spring is 30% off the ultimate tensile strength.

Design the spring and specify their dimensions.

9. A concentric spring consists of two helical compression springs having the same free

length. The composite spring subjected to a maximum force of 2000 N. The wire diameter and

mean coil diameter of inner spring are 8mm and 64mm respectively. Also, the wire diameter

and mean coil diameter of the outer spring are 10 and 90 mm respectively. The number of

active coils in inner and outer springs is 12 and 8 respectively. Assume same material for two

springs and the modulus of rigidity of spring material is 81370 N/mm2. Calculate a) The force

transmitted by each spring, b) The maximum deflection of the spring and c) The maximum

torsional shear stress induced in each spring.

10. A helical compression spring of the exhaust valve mechanism is initially compressed with

a preload of 375 N. When the spring is further compressed and the valve is fully opened, the

torsional shear stress in the spring wire should not exceed 750 N/mm2. Due to space

limitations, the outer diameter of the spring should not exceed 42 mm. The spring is to be

designed for minimum weight. Calculate the wire diameter and the mean coil diameter of the

spring.

Module 6

1. A steel shaft is subjected to a bending moment of 9kNm and a twisting moment of 12kNm.

The yield strength of steel is 360 Mpa in tension and compression and the Possion’s ratio is

0.3. If a factor of safety of 2 with respect to failure is specified, determine the permissible

diameter of the shaft according to (a) Maximum shear stress theory of failure, (b) maximum

normal stress theory of failure (b) Maximum distortion theory of failure.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

2. Design a bushed pin type of flexible coupling to connect a pump shaft to a motor shaft

transmitting 30kW at 900 rpm. The overall torque is 15% more than mean torque. The

material allowable properties area as follows: stress (in crushing for shaft and key material)=

80 MPa, Shear stress (in shear for shaft and key material)= 40 MPa, Shear stress (in shear for

cast iron)= 15 MPa. Material of the pin is as same as the shaft and the key. Draw the sketch of

the coupling.

3. A hollow transmission shaft having inside diameter 0.6 times the outside diameter is made

of plain carbon steel 40 C8 (Syt = 380N/mm2) and the factor of safety is 3. A belt pulley 1000

mm in diameter is mounted on the shaft which overhangs the left hand bearing by 250mm.

The belts are vertical and transmit power to the machine shaft below the pulley. The tensions

on the tight and slack side of the belt are 3kN and 1kN respectively, while the weight of the

pulley is 500N. The angle of wrap of belt on the pulley is 180 degree. Calculate the outside and

inside diameter of the shaft.

4. Briefly explain keys, advantage and their application.

5. Design a protected type flange coupling to transmit power between two shafts 40 mm and

50mm. The allowable shear stress for the shaft and the bolts is 60MPa. The allowable shear

stress and bearing stress for key are 54 MPa and 120 MPa respectively. For IC flange, the

allowable shear stress is 6MPa.

6. A SAE 1045steel rod of σy 309.9 MPa with 80mm diameter is subjected to bending

moment of 3 kN-m and torque T. Taking factor of safety as 2.5, find the maximum value of

torque ‘T’ that can be safely carried by rod according to : (a) Maximum normal stress theory;

(b) Maximum shear stress theory.

7. A simply supported shaft carries a pulley at the centre. The torque on pulley varies

between 120Nm and 200Nm and the bending moment varies between 300Nm and -150Nm.

The material of shaft has an ultimate stress of 600 MPa and yield stress of 450 MPa.

Endurance stress may be taken as half the ultimate stress. The stress concentration factor for

the shaft is 1.3 in bending and 1.2 in torsion. Take factor of safety as 1.8. The size and surface

factor are 0.83 and 0.9 respectively.

8. Design a rigid CI flange coupling to transmit 18kW of power at 1440 rpm. The allowable

shear stress for flange is 4MPa. The shaft, key and bolts are made of annealed steel having

allowable shear stress for flange in 4 MPa. The shaft, keys and bolts are made of annealed

steel having allowable shear stress of 93 MPa. Allowable crushing stress for key =186 MPa.

9. A mild steel shaft transmits 15kW of power at 300rpm. It is supported on two bearings

1.2m apart. The shaft receives power through a 450mm diameter pulley mounted at 300mm

to the right of the right bearing. The power is given out through a 300m diameter gear

mounted at 250mm to the right of the left bearing. The belt drive is horizontal and the gear

drive with a downward tangential force. Find the suitable diameter of the shaft if yield stress


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

for the shaft material is 234 MPa and the factor of safety is 2.0. Take shock and fatigue factor

as 1.5. Ratio of tension in belt is 3.0.

10. Design a shaft to transmit power from an electric motor to a lathe head stock through a

pulley by means of a belt drive. The pulley weights 200N and is located at 300mm from the

centre of the bearing.. The diameter of the pulley is 200mm and the maximum power

transmitted is 1kW at 120rpm. The angle of lap of the belt is 180 degrees and coefficient of

friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3. The stock and failure factors for bending and

twisting are 1.5 and 2.0 respectively. The allowable shear stress in the shaft may be taken as

35 MPa.

Prepared by Approved by

Mr.Joseph Babu K. Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty, ME) (HOD, ME)

ME 403 Advanced Energy Engineering S7ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

5. ME0403 ADVANCED ENERGY ENGINEERING

5.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME:MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE:ADVANCED ENERGY ENGINEERING SEMESTER: S7CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: ME403REGULATION: 2016 COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:THERMAL AND FLUID

SCIENCE

CONTACT HOURS:3-0-0(L+T+P)

hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY):

NIL

LAB COURSE NAME: NA

SYLLABUS:

MODULE DETAILS HOURS

I

Introduction to the course. Global and Indian energy resources. Energy Demand

and supply. Components, layout and working principles of steam, hydro,

nuclear, gas turbine and diesel power plants. 7

II Solar Energy- passive and active solar thermal energy, solar collectors, solar

thermal electric systems, solar photovoltaic systems. Economics of solar power.

Sustainability attributes.

7

III Wind Energy-Principle of wind energy conversion systems, wind data and

energy estimation, wind turbines, aerodynamics of wind turbines, wind power

economics. Introduction to solar-wind hybrid energy systems

7

IV

Biomass Energy – Biomass as a fuel, thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and agro-

chemical conversion of biomass- pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and

fermentation, transesterification, economics of biomass power generation, future

prospects.

6

V

Other Renewable Energy sources – Brief account of Geothermal, Tidal, Wave,

MHD power generation, Small, mini and micro hydro power plants. Fuel cells –

general description, types, applications. Hydrogen energy conversion systems,

hybrid systems- Economics and technical feasibility

8

VI

Environmental impact of energy conversion – ozone layer depletion, global

warming, greenhouse effect, loss of biodiversity, eutrophication, acid rain, air

and water pollution, land degradation, thermal pollution, Sustainable energy,

promising technologies, development pathways.

7

TOTAL HOURS 42


T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

T1 Jefferson W Tester et.al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, PHI, 2006

T2 P K Nag, Power Plant Engineering, TMH, 2002

T3 Tiwari G N, Ghosal M K, Fundamentals of renewable energy sources, Alpha Science

International Ltd., 2007

R1 David Merick, Richard Marshall, Energy, Present and Future Options, Vol.I& II, John Wiley &

Sons, 2001


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

R2 Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy : Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press, 2012

R3 Roland Wengenmayr, Thomas Buhrke, ‘Renewable Energy: Sustainable energy concepts for

the future, Wiley – VCH, 2012

R4 Twidell J W and Weir A D, Renewable Energy Resources, UK, E&F.N. Spon Ltd., 2006

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: NIL

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To give an idea about global energy scenario and conventional energy sources

2 To understand solar, wind and biomass energy

3 To know concepts of other renewable energy sources

4 To create awareness on the impacts of energy conversion and importance of sustainable

energy

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl. NO. DESCRIPTION LEVEL

CME403.1 Tounderstandglobal and Indian energy scenario &comparedifferent

conventional power plants.

Understand

Level 2

CME403.2 Togain knowledge about solar thermal energy systems,understandmethods

of its harvesting, estimate economic aspects involved and its sustainability

attributes.

knowledge

Understand

analyze

Level 1, 2, 4

CME403.3 To gain knowledge about basics of wind energy;understand& analyzewind

energy conversion systems; understandsolar-wind hybrid systemsand wind

power economics.

knowledge

Understand

analyze

Level 1, 2, 4

CME403.4 To gain knowledge about biomass energy and understandvarious

biomassconversion processes, and estimateeconomic aspects involved and

future prospects.

knowledge

Understand

analyze

Level 1, 2, 4

CME403.5 Tounderstand the Geothermal, Tidal , Wave, MHD power generation,small

scale hydro power plants, fuel cells, Hydrogen energy conversion systems,

hybrid systems; estimate economic aspects involved and technical feasibility

Understand

analyze

Level 2, 4

CME403.6 Tounderstand Environmental impacts of energy conversion Understand

Level 2


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME403.1 1 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 - -


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME403.2 2 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 2 -

CME403.3 2 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 2 -

CME403.4 2 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 1 -

CME403.5 2 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 - -

CME403.6 1 - - - - 3 3 - - - - - 1 - -


MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/HI

GH

JUSTIFICATION

CME 403.1-

PO1

L As they could understand Global and Indian energy scenario &

compare different conventional energy sources

CME 403.1-

PO6

L Students will be able to understand how the conventional energy

sources produce threat to health and safety

CME 403.1-

PO7

L Students can identify different environmental impacts of

conventional energy sources

CME 403..2-

PO1

M Students will be able to understand passive and active solar

thermal energy and methods of harvesting solar energy

CME 403..2-

PO6

L The knowledge about solar energy can motivate our society to

change to a better energy culture

CME 403..2-

PO7

L Knowledge in solar energy harvesting methods will help to

reduce the environmental impacts

CME 403.3-

PO1

M Students have the knowledge about the Principle of wind energy

conversion system, wind data and energy estimation

CME 403.3-

PO6

L The knowledge about wind energy can motivate society to change

to a better energy culture

CME 403.3-

PO7

L Adequate knowledge in the wind energy conversion system will

help to identify feasible geometrical area for this type non-

polluting energy sources

CME 403.4-

PO1

M Students can understand the thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and

agro-chemical conversion of biomass

CME 403.4-

PO6

L The knowledge about biomass energy can motivate our society to

change to a better energy culture

CME 403.4-

PO7

L Knowledge in the thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and agro-

chemical conversion of biomass will help to reduce

environmental impacts during energy conversions of biomass

CME 403.5-

PO1

M Students will able to understand the Geothermal, Tidal , Wave,

MHD power generation & Fuel Cells

CME 403.5-

PO6

L The knowledge about non-conventional energy can motivate our

society to change to a better energy culture

CME 403.5 -

PO7

L Adequate knowledge in different non-conventional energy

sources will help to identify environmentally sustainable energy

harvesting


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME 403.6-

PO1

L Students will able to understandimpacts of energy conversion

CME 403.6-

PO6

H The knowledge about environmental impacts can motivate our

society to change to a better energy culture

CME 403.6-

PO7

H Students can identify different environmental impacts of different

energy sources

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PSO MAPPING

MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/HI

GH

JUSTIFICATION

CME 403.1-

PSO1

L The knowledge in the working of different power plants will

make the student understand the applications of engineering

mechanics, thermal & fluid science

CME 403.2-

PSO1

M Knowledge about solar thermal energy systems& methods of its

harvesting will help the student understand the applications of

thermal science

CME 403.2-

PSO2

M The knowledge about solar thermal energy systems&estimation

of economic aspects will help the student to apply principles of

design, analysis and implementation of mechanical systems and

processes

CME 403..3-

PSO1

M The knowledge about basics of wind energy &wind energy

conversion systems will make the student understand the

applications of engineering mechanics & fluid science

CME 403..3-

PSO2

M The knowledge about basics of wind energy & wind energy

conversion systems will help the student to apply principles of

design, analysis and implementation of mechanical systems and

processes

CME 403..4-

PSO1

M The knowledge about biomass energy and various biomass

conversion processes will make the student understand the

applications of thermal & fluid science

CME 403..4-

PSO2

L The knowledge about biomass energy and various biomass

conversion processes will help the student to apply principles of

design and implementation of mechanical systems and processes

CME 403..5-

PSO1

M The knowledge about Geothermal, Tidal , Wave, MHD power

generation, small scale hydro power plants, fuel cells, Hydrogen

energy conversion systems& hybrid systems will make the

student understand the applications of engineering mechanics,

thermal & fluid science

CME 403.6-

PSO1

L The knowledge about Environmental impacts of energy

conversion will make the student understand the consequences of

applications of engineering mechanics, thermal & fluid science


1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108108078/


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

2 https://prezi.com/hmb8qqoxguxf/introduction-non-conventional-energy-resources/


✔ CHALK & TALK ✔ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ✔ WEB RESOURCES

✔ LCD/SMART BOARDS ✔ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES


✔ ASSIGNMENTS ✔STUD. SEMINARS ✔ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

✔ UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐ STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

☐ CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES

☐ OTHERS


✔ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY

FEEDBACK, ONCE)

✔ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY

(ONCE)


BY EXT. EXPERTS

☐ OTHERS

5.2 COURSE PLAN

DAY MODULE TOPIC PLANNED

1 I Introduction to the course.

2 I Global and Indian energy resources.

3 I Energy Demand and supply.

4 I Components, layout and working principles of steam power plants

5 I Components, layout and working principles of hydro power plants

6 I Components, layout and working principles of nuclear power plants

7 I Components, layout and working principles of gas turbine and diesel power

plants

8 II Solar Energy- Introduction

9 II passive and active solar thermal energy

10 II solar collectors

11 II solar thermal electric systems

12 II solar photovoltaic systems

13 II Economics of solar power


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

14 II Sustainability attributes

15 III Wind Energy- Introduction

16 III Principle of wind energy conversion system

17 III wind data and energy estimation

18 III wind turbines

19 III aerodynamics of wind turbines

20 III wind power economics

21 III Introduction to solar-wind hybrid energy systems

22 IV Biomass Energy – Introduction

23 IV Biomass as a fuel, thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and agro-chemical conversion

of biomass

24 IV pyrolysis, gasification,

25 IV combustion and fermentation, trans esterification,

26 IV Economics of biomass power generation, future prospects.

27 V Other Renewable Energy sources

28 V Geothermalpower generation

29 V Tidalpower generation

30 V Wavepower generation

31 V MHD power generation

32 V Small, mini and micro hydro power plants

33 V Fuel cells – general description, types, applications.

34 V Hydrogen energy conversion systems, hybrid systems-

35 V Economics and technical feasibility

36 VI Environmental impact of energy conversion

37 VI ozone layer depletion, global warming

38 VI greenhouse effect, loss of biodiversity

39 VI Eutrophication, acid rain, air and water pollution

40 VI land degradation, thermal pollution

41 VI Sustainable energy, promising technologies

42 VI Development pathways.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

5.3 MODULE-WISE QUESTION BANK

Module 1

1. Explain with a neat diagram -Components, layout and working principles of steam power

plants?

2. What are the trends and prospects of energy supply and demand?

3. Explain the working principles of hydro power plants?

4. How hydro power plants are classified?

5. Explain Components, layout and working principles of nuclear power plants?

6. Explain layout and working principles of gas turbine power plant?

7. Give an example for diesel power plant? Explain how does it work?

Module 2

1. Why sun is said to be the source of all types of energy? Explain?

2. What you mean by passive and active solar thermal energy?

3. Explain different types of solar collectors?

4. Explain solar thermal electric systems?

5. Compare advantages and disadvantages of solar electric systems?

6. Draw and explain the working of a solar water heater?

Module 3

1. In a wind energy power plant, how the wind energy estimation is done?

2. Explain different types of wind turbines?

3. Explain aerodynamics of wind turbines?

4. What you mean by solar-wind hybrid energy systems?

5. What are the disadvantages of wind power?

6. What is on grid and off grid wind power?

Module 4

1. How biomass is used as a fuel?

2. Explain thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and agro-chemical conversion of biomass?

3. What you mean by pyrolysis?

4. Explain gasification?

5. Explain the process of trans esterification?

6. How does the production of biomass and ethanol affect the environment?

Module 5

1. Explain geothermalpower generation?

2. How energy from tides can be utilised?

3. Explain Wave power generation with layout?

4. What you mean by MHD power generation?

5. Explain small, mini and micro hydro power plants?

6. Classify Fuel cells?

7. How does fuel cells work?

8. Explain Hydrogen energy conversion systems?

Module 6

1. What are the main reasons for ozone layer depletion?

2. Explain global warming?


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

3. What you mean by greenhouse effect? Give examples for GHG?

4. What is Eutrophication? Explain the reasons?

5. What are the main reasons for acid rain?

6. How does thermal pollution affect water life?

7. Explain Water Act and Air act?

8. Explain the aftereffects of land filling?


Mr.John Paul C D Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 405 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

6. ME 405 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING


PROGRAMME: ME DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE:REFRIGERATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING SEMESTER: VII CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: ME 405REGULATION:

2016 COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: THERMAL

&FLUID SCIENCE

CONTACT HOURS: 2+1 (Tutorial)

hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF

ANY):ME 431

LAB COURSE NAME: MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING LAB

SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

Introduction – Brief history and applications of refrigeration.

Thermodynamics of refrigeration - reversed Carnot cycle - heat pump and

refrigeration machines, Limitations of reversed Carnot cycle. Unit of

refrigeration.

Air refrigeration systems - Reversed Joule cycle, Air craft refrigeration

systems, simple bootstrap - Regenerative and reduced ambient system.

6

II

Vortex tube refrigeration-Very low temperature refrigeration systems

(concept only). Adiabatic demagnetization of paramagnetic salts. Vapour

compression systems-simple cycle - representation on T-S and P-H

Diagrams. COP- Effect of operating parameters on COP – methods of

improving COP of simple cycle- super heating, under cooling, Liquid suction

heat exchanger, actual cycle.

8

III

Multi pressure systems - multi compression and multi evaporator systems.

Inter cooling - flash inter cooling and flash gas removal. Different

combinations of evaporator and compressor for different applications,

Cascade system.

Refrigerants and their properties-Eco-friendly Refrigerants, mixed

refrigerants, selection of refrigerants for different applications

Vapour absorption systems - Ammonia – water system - simple system-

drawbacks-Lithium Bromide water system- Electrolux- comparison with

vapour compression system- steam jet refrigeration.

7

IV

Application of refrigeration - domestic refrigerators - water coolers - ice

plants. Cold storages - food preservation methods - plate freezing, quick -

freezing.

Refrigeration system components - Compressors, condensers, expansion

devices, evaporators. Cooling towers - Different types and their application

fields. Refrigerant leakage and detection – charging of refrigerant – system

controls.

6

V Air conditioning - meaning and utility, comfort and industrial air

conditioning. Psychrometric properties - saturated and unsaturated air, dry,

wet and dew point temperature – humidity, specific humidity, absolute

8


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

humidity, relative humidity and degree of saturation- thermodynamic

equations- enthalpy of moisture- adiabatic saturation process -

Psychrometers. Thermodynamic wet bulb temperature, Psychrometric chart-

Psychometric processes- adiabatic mixing - sensible heating and cooling -

humidifying and dehumidifying, Air washer - bypass factor - sensible heat

factor - RSHF and GSHF line - Design condition - Apparent dew point

temperature. Choice of supply condition, state and mass rate of dehumidified

air quantity - Fresh air supplied - air refrigeration. Comfort air conditioning -

factors affecting human comfort. Effective temperature - comfort chart.

Summer air conditioning - factors affecting - cooling load estimation.

VI

Air conditioning systems - room air conditioner - split system - packaged

system - all air system - chilled water system. Winter air conditioning -

factors affecting heating system, humidifiers. Year round air conditioning.

AC system controls - thermostat and humidistat.

Air distribution systems - duct system and design - Air conditioning of

restaurants, hospitals, retail outlets, computer center, cinema theatre, and

other place of amusement. Industrial applications of air conditioning.

7

TOTAL HOURS 42



T1 Arora C. P, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, McGraw-Hill, 2008

T2 Arora S. C. and Domkundwar, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, DhanpatRai, 2010

T3 Ballaney P. L, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2014

T4 Manohar Prasad, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, New Age International, 2011

R1 Stoecker W. F, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,

2009

R2 Dossat. R. J, Principles of Refrigeration, Pearson Education India, 2002

R3 ASHRAE Handbook

R4 Robert H. Enerick, Basic Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, Prentice Hall.

Data Book:

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Data Book: Domkundwar&Domkundwar, DhanpatRai&

Co.



ME 205 Thermodynamics To develop basic idea about Thermodynamics 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To introduce various Refrigeration and Air Conditioning systems.

2 To impart knowledge on refrigeration cycles and methods to improve performance.

3 To familiarize the components of refrigeration systems.

4 To know the applications of refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

COURSE OUTCOMES:


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

SL. NO. DESCRIPTION

Bloom’s

Taxonomy

Level

CME405.1 To identify and compare different type of refrigerating machines

used in industries and in other establishments.

Understand

(level 2)

CME405.2

To analyzethe influence of all operating parameters of R&AC

machines & can selectthe right refrigerating equipment for a

particular application.

Analysis

(level 4)

CME405.3

To select the right refrigerant for a particular practical

situation.Apply their knowledge in unconventional refrigeration

methods and working principles of refrigerating and air conditioning

equipment to attain sustainable refrigeration methods.

Apply

(level 3)

CME405.4 To select the right type of components for a particular refrigerating /

air conditioning system used in practice.

Apply

(level 3)

CME405.5

Using the principles of air conditioning, they will be able to

designdifferent type of air conditioning systems and duct systems

for industrial applications.

Create

(level 6)


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME

405.1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CME

405.2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -

CME

405.3 3 1 2 - - 2 3 1 - - - - 3 2 -

CME

405.4 3 2 - - - - 2 - - - - - 3 2 -

CME

405.5 3 - 3 - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 3 -


MAPPING

LOW/MEDIUM

/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME405.1-

PO1 M

As they could use their acquired knowledge to solve

engineering problems in Refrigeration.

CME405.1-

PO2 M

Knowledge in principles of Refrigeration helps the students

to identify many problems related to refrigeration and air

conditioning.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME405.2-

PO1 M

Knowledge in principles of Refrigeration helps the students

to select the right refrigeration equipment.

CME405.2-

PO2 M

Students will be able to identify the influence of all

operating parameters of different Refrigeration systems and

can reach conclusions regarding the efficient operation.

CME405.3-

PO1 H

Students will able to identify the thermal condition of

components like condenser or evaporator while modeling in

analysis software.

CME405.3-

PO2 L

Become aware of the different types of energy and can

identify the types of refrigeration system to be used.

CME405.3-

PO3 M

Will be aware of advantages and disadvantages of different

refrigerants and can identify favorable conditions for

different refrigerants.

CME405.3-

PO6 M

Can identify where an absorption system can be included to

utilize the low grade energy for refrigeration purpose.

CME405.3-

PO7 H

Aware of problems of different refrigerants like CFC’s and

able to convince others about the bad effects on

environment.

CME405.3-

PO8 L

Should be able to study the requirements and be able to

design optimum systems with least environmental impacts.

CME405.4-

PO1 H

Ability to understand the working of each refrigeration

components.

CME405.4-

PO2 M

Apply the knowledge about each component to review

research literature and identify different systems in practice.

CME405.4-

PO7 M

Able to identify the best material/component which is

environment friendly.

CME405.5-

PO1 H

Knowledge in principles of air conditioning helps the

students todesigndifferent type of air conditioning systems

and duct systems.

CME405.5-

PO3 H

Ability to identify the requirements for comfort in different

weather conditions and design the system accordingly.

CME405.5-

PO6 L

Can identify the comfort conditions and various parameters

for human comfort in different situations/ activities.

CME405.5-

PO7 L

Apply the knowledge about air conditioning to design

sustainable air conditioning systems.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONAL

REQUIREMENTS: Nil

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: Nil


1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105128/2









☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB

RESOURCES

☐LCD/SMART

BOARDS

MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH JUSTIFICATION

CME405.1-

PSO1 L

Students will be thorough about the application of

thermodynamics in the areas of refrigeration.

CME 405.2-

PSO1 M

Will get a clear idea of thermodynamics about sensible

heat and latent heat.

CME405.2-

PSO2 M

By analyzing the operating parameters students can

select the right refrigerating equipment for a particular

application.

CME405.3-

PSO1 H

Will get a clear idea of thermodynamic and other

properties of variousrefrigerants.

CME405.3-

PSO2 M

Students can apply their knowledge to select the right

refrigerant for a particular application.

CME405.4-

PSO1 H

Will get a clear idea about the performance of various

components used in R & A/C applications.

CME405.4-

PSO2 M

Can design a refrigeration system for different

temperatures, loads etc.

CME405.5-

PSO1 M

Gets a clear idea about the temperature, humidity,

cleanliness and air flow rate for different comfort

conditions. Also gets idea about duct design.

CME405.5-

PSO2 H

Students candesigndifferent type of air conditioning

systems and duct systems for particular applications.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

☑ STUD.

SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES


☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD.

SEMINARS

☑ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☑ UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐ STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

☐

CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES

☐ OTHERS


☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY

(ONCE)

☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS

☐ OTHERS

4.2 COURSE PLAN


1 1 Introduction – Brief history and applications of refrigeration.

2 1 Principles of refrigeration: Thermodynamics of refrigeration

3 1 Carnot, reversed carrot cycle, heat pump, and refrigerating machines

4 1 Limitations of reversed Carnot cycle, coefficient of performance -unit of

refrigeration- simple problems

5 1 Air refrigeration system -Bell Coleman cycle -C.O.P –capacity

6 1 Work and refrigerant flow requirements in Bell Coleman cycle.

7 1 Air craft refrigeration systems, Simple and Boot strap refrigeration systems

8 1 Regenerative and reduced ambient system.

9 2 Vapor compression system: simple cycle -comparison with Carnot cycle

10 2 COP- effect of operating parameters on COP- wet, dry compression

11 2 Methods of improving COP of simple cycle- super heating, under cooling.

12 2 Liquid suction heat exchanger, actual cycle representation on TS and PH

diagrams

13 2 Simple problems

14 2 Vortex tube refrigeration

15 2 Very low temperature refrigeration systems- magnetic (Cryogenics)

refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration

16 2 Adiabatic demagnetization of paramagnetic salts.

17 2 Numerical problems.

18 3 Advanced vapor compression systems – multistage vapor compression

systems

19 3 Flash chamber- multiple compression and evaporation systems


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

20 3 Inter cooling - flash inter cooling and flash gas removal

21 3 cascading

22 3 simple problems

23 3 Refrigerants and their properties-Eco-friendly Refrigerants, mixed

refrigerants

24 3 Nomenclature, suitability of refrigerants for various applications

25 3 Vapor absorption systems: Ammonia water system-simple cycles-actual

cycle

26 3 Lithium bromide water system. comparison with vapour compression

system

27 3 Electrolux system and steam jet refrigeration.

28 4 Application of refrigeration : domestic refrigerators- water coolers- ice

plant

29 4 Cold storages - food preservation methods - plate freezing, quick - freezing.

30 4 Refrigeration system components : water and air cooled condensers-

evaporative condensers

31 4 expansion devises -capillary tube -constant pressure expansion valve-

thermostatic expansion valve- float valve and solenoid valve

32 4 Evaporators: natural convection coils -flooded evaporators -direct

expansion coils.

33 4 Reciprocating compressors: single stage and multistage compressors- work

done - effect of clearance.

34 4 effect of intercooling- optimum pressure ratio - volumetric efficiency -

isothermal and adiabatic efficiency

35 4

Rotodynamiccompresors: Screw and vane type compressors- principle of

operation- hermetic, semi hermetic and open type refrigeration

compressors

36 4 Cooling towers - Different types and their application fields. Refrigerant

leakage and detection – charging of refrigerant

37 5 Air conditioning - meaning and utility, comfort and industrial air

conditioning.

38 5 Principles of air conditioning: Psychrometric properties.

39 5 Thermodynamic equations- enthalpy of moisture- adiabatic saturation

process - Psychrometers. Thermodynamic wet bulb temperature

40 5 Psychrometric chart- Psychometric processes- adiabatic mixing - sensible

heating and cooling - humidifying and dehumidifying

41 5 Air washer - bypass factor - sensible heat factor - RSHF and GSHF line -

Design condition - Apparent dew point temperature.

42 5 Choice of supply condition, state and mass rate of dehumidified air quantity

- Fresh air supplied - air refrigeration.

43 5 Comfort air conditioning - factors affecting human comfort. Effective

temperature - comfort chart.

44 5 Summer air conditioning - factors affecting - cooling load estimation.

45 5 Numerical problems

46 5 Summer air conditioning- cooling load calculations

47 6 Air conditioning systems - room air conditioner, split system, packaged

system.

48 6 Air conditioning systems - all air system - chilled water system.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

49 6 Winter air conditioning - factors affecting heating system, humidifiers.

50 6 Year round air conditioning - unitary and central systems. AC system

controls - thermostat and humidistat.

51 6 Air distribution systems - duct systems

52 6 Design of air duct systems

53 6 Air conditioning of restaurants, hospitals, retail outlets, computer center,

cinema theatre, and other place of amusement

54 6 Industrial applications of air conditioning.

4.3 MODULE WISE SAMPLE QUESTIONS

MODULE 1

1. Represent heat engine, heat pump and refrigerator on a common platform and compare.

2. Compare a refrigerator with a Heat Pump and Heat Engine.

3. What is meant by dense air refrigeration system with respect to air cycle refrigeration?

4. Define: COP of Refrigerator and Tonne of Refrigeration.

5. Explain the working principle of Bell Coleman Cycle.

6. Compare the various air cooling systems used for aircraft.

7. A cold storage is to be maintained at -5°C while the surroundings are at 35°C. The heat

leakage from the surroundings into the cold storage is estimated to be 29 kW. The actual

COP of the refrigeration plant is 1/3 of an ideal plant working between same

temperatures. Find the power required to drive the plant.

8. A machine works on Carnot cycle between temperature limits of -10°C and 27°C. Find

its COP when working as (a) a refrigerating machine; (b) a heat pump; and (c) a heat

engine.

9. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 700°C and 50°

C. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at 50°C

and -250C. The heat transfer to the engine is 2500 kJ and the network output of the

combined system is 400 kJ. (a) Determine the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 50°C;

(b) Reconsider (a) if the efficiency of the heat engine and COP of the refrigerator are

each 45% of their maximum possible values.

10. A dense air based Bell-Coleman system working between 4 bar and 16 bar extracts

125 MJ/hr. The air enters the compressor at 5°C and enters the expander 23°C. The

compressor is double acting and its stroke is 30 cm, γair is 1.4, mechanical efficiencies of

compressor and expander are 0.85 and 0.87 respectively Cpair is 1.005 kJ/kg K, Rair is

287 J/kg-K. Assuming the unit runs at 300 r.p.m., find

a) Power required to run the unit.

b) Bore of the compressor.

c) Refrigerating capacity in tonne. Assume isentropic compression and expansion.

11. An Aircraft moving with a speed of 1000 kmph uses simple gas refrigeration cycle for

air conditioning. The ambient pressure and temperature are 0.35 bar and -10˚C

respectively.The pressure ratio of compressor is 4.5. The heat exchanger effectiveness is

0.95. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and Expander are 0.8 each. The cabin

pressure and temperature are 1.06 bar and 25° C. Determine temperature and pressures at

all points of cycle. Also find the volume flow rate through the compressor inlet and

Expander outlet for 100 Ton of Refrigeration.Assume Cp = 1005 J/kg K, R = 287 J/kg K,

γ = 1.4 for air and 1 TR = 3.5 kW.

12. The capacity of a refrigerator is 70 kW when working between -6°C and 25°C.

Determine the mass of ice produced per day from water at 25°C. Also find the power


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

required to drive the unit. Assume that the cycle operates on reversed Carnot cycle and

the latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg.

13. A dense air refrigeration cycle operates between pressures of 4 bar and 16 bar. The air

temperature after heat rejection to the surroundings as 37°C and air temperature at exit of

refrigerator is 7°C. The Isentropic Efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80%.

Calculate the COP and power per TR.

14. An air refrigeration system works between the pressure limits of 1 bar and 5 bar. The

temperatures of the air entering the compressor and expander cylinder are 10°C and 25°C

respectively.The Expander and compressor follow the law pV1.3 = C for expansion and

compression. Find the following: (a) Theoretical COP of Refrigeration Cycle. (b) If the

load on the refrigeration machine is 10 TR, find the amount of air circulated per minute

through the system assuming that actual COP is 50% of the theoretical COP. (c) The

stroke length and piston diameter of single acting compressor if the compressor runs at

300 r.p.m. and the Volumetric Efficiency is 85%. Assume L/d = 1.5, Cp = 1005 J/kg K

and CV = 0.71 kJ/kg K.

MODULE 2

1. Discuss dry and wet compression with the help of T-S diagram.

2. Discuss the effect of pressure drop in condenser and evaporator of a vapour compression

system.

3. Sketch the T-S and P-h diagrams for vapour compression refrigeration cycles when

vapour after compression is (a) Superheated and (b) Dry saturated.

4. What is sub cooling and superheating? Explain with help of diagrams.

5. Discuss the arrangement used for producing low temperature by adiabatic

demagnetization of a paramagnetic salt?

6. Explain the working of Magnetic Refrigeration system.

7. The following data refers to a single stage vapour compression system. Refrigerant used

R 134a, condensing temperature is 35°C and evaporator temperature is 10°C. For

compressor, rpm = 2800, clearance factor = 0.03, swept volume = 269.4 cm3, expansion

index is 1.12, compression efficiency is 0.8, condensate sub cooling by 5°C. Calculate

(a) Capacity; (b) Power; (c) COP; (d) heat rejection to condenser and (e) relative COP of

the system.

8. A vapour compression cycle uses R 12 as refrigerant and the liquid evaporates in the

evaporator at -15°C the temperature of this refrigerant at the delivery from the

compressor is 15°C when the vapour is condensed at 100C. Find the COP, if (a) there is

no undercooling; and (b) the liquid is cooled by 5°C before expansion by throttling.

Assume Cpv = 0.64 kJ/k (for superheated vapour) and that of liquid Cpl = 0.94 kJ/kg K.

9. A simple NH3 vapour compression system has compressor with piston displacement of 2

m3/min, condenser pressure of 12 bar and Evaporator pressure of 2.5 bar. The liquid is

sub-cooled to 20°C by soldering the liquid line to suction line. The temperature of

vapour leaving the compressor is 100°C, heat rejected to condenser cooling water is

5000 kJ/hr, and volumetric efficiency of compressor is 0.8. Compute capacity, Indicated

power and COP of the system.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

MODULE 3

1. State the advantages of Multi-stage vapour compression Refrigeration with Intercoolers?

2. What is the function of a flash intercooler provided in a Multistage Vapour Compression

refrigeration system?

3. Explain the complete multistage vapour compression system with flash meter cooling,

flash gas removal and vapour inter cooler with the help of a neat sketch and p-h diagram.

4. The Refrigeration system using R12 as refrigerant consists of 3 Evaporators of capacities

20 TR, 30 TR and 10 TR with individual expansion valves and individual compressors.

The temperature in the three evaporators is to be maintained at -100C, 50C and 10°C

respectively. The vapour leaving the evaporator is dry and saturated. The condenser

temperature is 400C and the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser is sub-cooled to

30°C. Assuming isentropic compression is each compressor, find (a) the mass of

refrigerant flowing through each evaporator; (b) power required to drive the system;

and (c) COP of system.

5. A single compressor using R12 as refrigerant has 3 Evaporators of capacity 10 TR, 20

TR and 30 TR. All the Evaporators operate at -100C and the vapors leaving the

Evaporators are dry and saturated. The condensing temperature is 40°C. The liquid

refrigerant leaving the condenser is sub cooled to 300C. Assuming Isentropic

Compression, find: (a) The mass of refrigerant flowing through each evaporator (b)

Power required to drive the compressor. (c) COP of the system.

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of steam jet refrigeration system over other

types of refrigeration systems?

7. Discuss in detail, the secondary refrigerants.

8. What is the function of Analyzer and Rectifier in an absorption system?

9. Explain the desirable properties of an ideal refrigerant.

10. Draw a neat diagram of Lithium-Bromide system and explain its working. List the major

field of applications of this system.

11. State the advantages and disadvantages of Li-Br compared to vapour compression

Refrigeration system.

12. Write the factors considered for selection of refrigerant for a system.

13. Explain the working of steam Jet Refrigeration system with a neat sketch.

14. Draw a neat diagram of three fluid system of Refrigeration (Electrolux Refrigerator) and

Explain its working.

15. Differentiate between physical and thermodynamic properties of a refrigerant.

MODULE 4

1. Explain volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor?

2. Briefly explain the factors which affect the heat transfer capacity of an evaporator?

3. Explain the working principle of hermetically sealed compressor.

4. Explain the working of an Evaporative Condenser.

5. Discuss the operation of a capillary tube in a refrigeration system.

6. Explain the working of high-side and low-side float valves with the help of neat sketches.

7. A single cylinder, single acting reciprocating compressor using R-12 as refrigerant has a

bore 80 mm and stroke 60 mm. The compressor runs at 1450 r.p.m. If the condensing

temperature is 40°C, find the mass of refrigerant circulated per minute and the

refrigerating capacity of the compressor when the evaporator is at (a) 10°C and (b)-


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

10°C. Assume simple cycle and no clearance. Also determine the change in the results

when the clearance factor is 5 % and the index of isentropic compression is 1.13.

8. Compare the performance of Reciprocating and centrifugal compressors.

9. Explain the working of a thermostatic expansion valve.

10. Compare an Air-cooled condenser with water-cooled condenser.

11. Explain the working of flooded evaporators.

12. Explain the working of float valve.

13. Compare the working of a float valve with solenoid valve.

14. Explain the working of Dry Expansion Evaporators and Natural Convection Evaporators.

MODULE 5

1. Define thermodynamic wet bulb temperature.

2. What is the significance of sensible heat factor in air conditioning?

3. Write a short note on: (a) By pass factor for cooling coils and (b) Dehumidification.

4. Discuss, briefly the factors affecting the optimum effective temperature for comfort.

5. Explain the concept of “Effective Temperature” with reference to comfort air-

conditioning.

6. Write short note on the factors affecting comfort Air conditioning.

7. A mixture of dry air and water vapour is at a temperature of 22°C under a total pressure

of 730 mm of Hg. The dew point temperature is 15°C. Find (a) partial pressure of water

vapour; (b) relative humidity; (c) specific humidity; (d) enthalpy of air per kg of dry air;

(e) specific volume of air per kg of dry air. Use only equation to solve the problem.

8. 120 m3 of air per minute at 35°C DBT and 50 % RH is cooled to 20°C DBT by passing

through a cooling coil. Determine the following: (a) RH of out coming air and its WBT;

(b) capacity of cooling coil; (c) Amount of water vapour removed per hour. Use only

equations to solve the problem.

9. 250 m3 of air is supplied per minute from outdoor conditions of 38° C DBT and 25° C

WBT to an air conditioned room. The air is dehumidified by a cooling coil having a by-

pass factor 0.35 and dew point temperature 13° C and then by a chemical dehumidifier.

Air leaves the chemical dehumidifier at 32° C DBT. Air then passed over a cooling coil,

where surface temperature is 13°C and by-pass factor is 0.25. Calculate the capacities of

the two cooling coils and the humidifier.

10. The humidity ratio of atmospheric air at 28° C DBT and 760 mm of Hg is 0.016 kg/kg of

dry air. Determine:(i) Partial pressure of water vapour;(ii) Relative humidity;(iii) Dew

point temperature;(iv) Specific Enthalpy; and (v) Vapour Density.

MODULE 6

1. Describe Unitary and Central Air conditioning systems.

2. What is the function of Humidistat in an A/C

3. Explain in detail summer air conditioning system.

4. Describe the different methods of air conditioning duct design.

5. Explain the working of Winter Air Conditioning System.

6. Explain the Equal pressure drop method used for duct design.

7. What are the essential components of an air conditioning system?

8. What are the factors for consideration to select a correct air-conditioning system for a

given space/building?

9. Write a short note on Industrial applications of air conditioning.

10. An Air conditioned auditorium is to be maintained at 27˚C DBT and 60% RH. The

ambient condition is 40°C DBT and 30°C WBT. The total sensible heat load is 100

MJ/hr and the total latent heat load is 40 MJ/hr. 60% of the return air is recirculated and

mixed with 40% of makeup air after the cooling coil. The condition of air leaving the


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

cooling coil is at 18°C. Determine: (a) RSHF. (b) Condition of air entering the

auditorium. (c) Amount of makeup air. (d) Apparatus Dew Point temperature. (e) By

pass factor of cooling coil and (f) Plot the process in Psychrometric Chart type of

representation.


Mr. James Mathew Dr. Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 407 Mechatronics S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

7. ME 407 MECHATRONICS



COURSE: MECHATRONICS SEMESTER: 7 CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: ME 407

REGULATION: 2016

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS,DESIGN

AND ANALYSIS

CONTACT HOURS: 3Hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE

(IF ANY): NIL

LAB COURSE NAME: NA

SYLLABUS: UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I Introduction to Mechatronics: Structure of Mechatronics system. Sensors -

Characteristics -Temperature, flow, pressure sensors. Displacement, position

and proximity sensing by magnetic, optical, ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive

and eddy current methods. Encoders: incremental and absolute, gray coded

encoder. Resolvers and synchros. Piezoelectric sensors. Acoustic Emission

sensors. Principle and types of vibration sensors

08

II Actuators: Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuators - Directional control valves,

pressure control valves, process control valves. Rotary actuators.

Development of simple hydraulic and pneumatic circuits using standard

Symbols.

07

III Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS): Fabrication: Deposition,

Lithography, Micromachining methods for MEMS, Deep Reactive Ion

Etching (DRIE) and LIGA processes. Principle, fabrication and working of

MEMS based pressure sensor, accelerometer and gyroscope.

06

IV Mechatronics in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines: Design of

modern CNC machines - Mechatronics elements - Machine structure: guide

ways, drives. Bearings: anti-friction bearings, hydrostatic bearing and

hydrodynamic bearing. Re-circulating ball screws, pre-loading methods. Re-

circulating roller screws. Typical elements of open and closed loop control

systems. Adaptive controllers for machine tools. Programmable Logic

Controllers (PLC) –Basic structure, input/ output processing. Programming:

Timers, Internal Relays, Counters and Shift registers. Development of simple

ladder programs for specific purposes.

08

V System modeling - Mathematical models and basic building blocks of general

mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal systems.

Mechatronics in Robotics-Electrical drives: DC, AC, brushless, servo and

stepper motors. Harmonic drive. Force and tactile sensors. Range finders:

ultrasonic and light based range finders

06

VI Robotic vision system - Image acquisition: Vidicon, charge coupled device

(CCD) and charge injection device (CID) cameras. Image processing

techniques: histogram processing: sliding, stretching, equalization and

07


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

thresholding.

Case studies of Mechatronics systems: Automatic camera, bar code reader,

pick and place robot, automatic car park barrier system, automobile engine

management system. TOTAL HOURS 42



T1 Bolton W., Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Person Education Limited, New Delhi, 2007

T2 Ramachandran K. P., G. K. Vijayaraghavan, M. S. Balasundaram, Mechatronics: Integrated Mechanical Electronic Systems, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.

T3 Saeed B. Niku, Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Systems, Applications, Person Education, Inc., New Delhi, 2006.Mechanics of Flight- Kermode A. C

R1 David G. Aldatore, Michael B. Histand, Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, 2003.

R2 Gordon M. Mair, Industrial Robotics, Prentice Hall International, UK, 1998.

R3 HMT, Mechatronics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

R4 Vijay K. Varadan, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, Smart Material Systems and MEMS: Design and Development Methodologies, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 2006.



ME 308 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

AND ANALYSIS

Basic knowledge on CAD/CAM,

Basics of geometric and solid

modelling, Introduction to finite

element analysis,

3

ME 303 MACHINE TOOLS AND DIGITAL

MANUFACTURING

Deep knowledge on machine

tools and their operations. Basic

understanding on fundamentals

of digital manufacturingand

super finishing in metal cutting

process.

5

COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1 To introduce the features of various sensors used in CNC machines and robots.

2 To study the fabrication and functioning of MEMS pressure and inertial sensors

3 To enable development of hydraulic/pneumatic circuit and PLC programs for simple

applications


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SNO DESCRIPTION Bloom’s

Taxonomy

Level

CME 407.1 Students will understand the basic structure of Mechatronics system, sensors and encoders.

Understand

(Level 2)

CME 407.2

Students will gain knowledge on the various types of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators used. They will synergize this with their knowledge in developing simple hydraulic and pneumatic circuit’s using standard symbols.

Apply

(Level 3)

CME 407.3 Students will develop and idea about Micro Electro Mechanical System, Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) and LIGA Process.

Analyze

(Level 4)

CME 407.4 Students will be able to select various mechatronics elements in the Design of modern CNC machines

Evaluate

(Level 5)

CME 407.5 Students will gain fundamental knowledge in system modelling and Mechatronics in Robotics.

Knowledge

(Level 1)

CME 407.6 Students will be able to assess case studies of mechatronic systems.

Evaluate

(Level 6)

CO-PO AND CO-PSO MAPPING P

O 1

P O 2

PO 3

PO 4

PO 5

PO 6

PO 7

PO 8

PO 9

PO 10

PO 11

PO

12

PSO 1

PSO 2

PSO 3

CME 407.1 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

CME 407.2 - - 3 3 - - - - - - - - 3 2 -

CME 407.3 2 - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 -

CME 407.4 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 1 2 3 -

CME 407.5 2 - 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CME 407 .6 3 - - 3 - - - - - - 2 2 - - 2

CME 407 2 2 3 3 2 - 2 1.5

2.25

2.3 2


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/ HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME 407.1-

PO1 L

Students will be able to appreciate and to apply suitable

sensors and encoders and other mechatronic elements based

on acquired knowledge.

CME 407.1-

PO2 M

Problem analysisreaching towards sustainable conclusions

based on principles and characteristics of sensors.

CME 407.2-

PO3 H

Design/development of solutionsusing actuators both

hydraulic and pneumatic to analyse the various levels and

need of automation and finally development of hydraulic

and pneumatic circuit.

CME 407.2-

PO4 H

Conductinvestigations on complex hydraulic and

pneumatic circuits to validate/concluderight selection of

actuators and valves.

CME 407.3-

PO 1 M

By gaining a broad overview but only at the level of

basic/fundamental knowledge in MEMS and its principles

will lead to knowledge on sensor fabrication.

CME 407.3-

PO5 M

Modern tool usage using DRIE and LIGA process to micro

machine sensors and other related components ,students will

strongly recognize the need and developmentof MEMS

CME 407.4-

PO 3 H

Design and development of modern cnc machines and

solution to growing needs of machine tool industry by

studying various mechatronic element selection and

controllers for machine tools.

CME 407.5-

PO 1 M

Enhance knowledge in electrical drives and motors to apply

robotic applications in mechatronics.

CME 407.5-

PO 3 H

Design solutions for mechatronics using the knowledge

gained through studying about servo and stepper motors and

system modelling.

CME 407.6-

PO 1 H

Apply the knowledge to robotic vision system.

CME 407.6-

PO 4 H

Conduct design of experiments, analysis using robotics for

vivid mechatronic solutions.

CME 407.6-

PO 11 M

Evaluating mechatronic case studies the student can apply

these in practical work as well as manage projects in multi-

disciplinary environments.

CME 407.6-

PO 12 M

Case studies of mechatronic system recognises the need for

Lifelong learning for future technologies


MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME 407.1-

PSO1 H

Students will be able to solve complex engineering

simulations related to automations, based on acquired

knowledge.

CME 407.2-

PSO1 H

Students will gain knowledge on the various

fundamentals of hydraulics and pneumatics for utilizing

advanced technology.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


REQUIREMENTS:

SNO DESCRIPTION RELEVENC

E TO

PO\PSO

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

1 Robotic application on Design of Special

Purpose Machinery

PSO 2,PSO3 Industrial visit and Video

presentation,

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC


SINO: TOPIC RELEVENCE

TO PO\PSO

1 Design of CNC machine tool structure using CAD software’s like

solid works, catia etc.

PSO3


1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HM7ZMPpbeDA

2 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103174/

3 www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwQjsjpjZCk

4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-atC2L2PwVA

5 https://me.engin.umich.edu/index.php/research/areas/mechatronics-robotics


☐✔CHALK &

TALK

☐✔ STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

☐ WEB

RESOURCES

☐✔LCD/SMART

BOARDS

CME 407.2-

PSO2 M

Successfully apply principles of design of hydraulic and

pneumatic circuits using standard symbols systems.

CME 407.3-

PSO 2 M

Apply the principles of design in Micro Electro

Mechanical Systems and analysis suitable micromaching

technique

CME 407.4-

PSO 2 H

Apply the acquired knowledge on designing mechatronic

machines in domains of design and analysis

CME 407.4-

PSO 3 H

Use CAD/CAM tools for best design development and

manufacturing of CNC machines based on the

knowledge acquired through mechatronic elements, PLC

and ladder diagram for specific purpose.

CME 407.5-

PSO 1 L

Apply the knowledge to use advanced technology

mechatronics using robotics and to model mechanical,

electrical and fluid systems.

CME 407.6-

PSO3 M

Develop and introduce new ideas on product design for

mechatronic case studies using modern automation

solutions


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

☐✔STUD.

SEMINARS

☐ ADD-ON COURSES


☐✔

ASSIGNMENTS

☐ STUD.

SEMINARS

☐ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☐✔UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐ STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

☐✔STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

☐

CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES

☐ OTHERS


☐✔ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☐✔ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



☐ OTHERS

7.2 COURSE PLAN


1 I Introduction to Mechatronics:

2 I Structure of Mechatronics system.

3 I Sensors - Characteristics –Temperature and flow sensors

4 I Pressure sensors.

5 I Displacement, position and proximity sensing by magnetic, optical,

ultrasonic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current methods.

6 I Encoders: incremental and absolute, gray coded encoder

7 I Resolvers and synchros. Piezoelectric sensors. Acoustic Emission

sensors.

8 I Principle and types of vibration sensors.

9 II Actuators: Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuators -

10 II Directional control valves,

11 II pressure control valves,

12 II Process control valves.

13 II Rotary actuators

14 II Development of simple hydraulic and pneumatic circuits using standard

Symbols.

15 II Development of simple hydraulic and pneumatic circuits using standard

Symbols.

16 III Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

17 III Fabrication: Deposition, Lithography

18 III Micromachining methods for MEMS,

19 III Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE)

20 III LIGA processes.

21 III Principle, fabrication and working of MEMS based pressure sensor,

accelerometer and gyroscope

22 IV Mechatronics in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.

23 IV Design of modern CNC machines

24 IV Design of modern CNC machines - Mechatronics elements

25 IV Machine structure: guide ways, drives. Bearings: anti-friction bearings,

hydrostatic bearing and hydrodynamic bearing.

26 IV Re-circulating ball screws, pre-loading methods. Re-circulating roller

screws.

27 IV Typical elements of open and closed loop control systems. Adaptive

controllers for machine tools

28 IV

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) –Basic structure, input/ output

processing. Programming: Timers, Internal Relays, Counters and Shift

registers.

29 IV Development of simple ladder programs for specific purposes.

30 V System modeling - Mathematical models and basic building blocks.

31 V Basic building blocks of general mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal

systems.

32 V Basic building blocks of general mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal

systems.

33 V Mechatronics in Robotics

34 V Electrical drives: DC, AC, brushless, servo and stepper motors.

Harmonic drive.

35 V Force and tactile sensors. Range finders: ultrasonic and light based range

finders

36 VI Robotic vision system - Image acquisition: Vidicon.

37 VI Charge coupled device (CCD)

38 VI Charge injection device (CID) cameras.

39 VI Image processing techniques: histogram processing: sliding, stretching,

equalization and thresholding.

40 VI

Case studies of Mechatronics systems: Automatic camera, bar code

reader, pick and place robot, automatic car park barrier system,

automobile engine management system

41 VI





COURSE HANDOUT: S7

42 VI





MODULE I

1. Define mechatronics?

2. What is meant by system in mechatronics?

3. Elaborate where you could find the main applications of mechatronics?

4. Mention the relevance of a sensor and its resolution?

5. Explain the function of a capacitive sensor in a robot end effectors?

6. Which static characteristic of a sensor must be considered for selection?

7. Explain the working principle of light sensor

MODULE II

1. Mention various components of hydraulic system?

2. What is called pneumatic system?

3. What are the various components used in a pneumatic system?

4. What are the factors to be considered for selecting actuators?

5. List different control valves, How are DCV’s classified?

6. Define actuator what is meant by cylinder sequencing?

MODULE III

1. Distinguish between DRIE and LIGA

2. What are the different methods of micro machining to fabricate sensors?

3. How to fabricate MEMS based pressure sensor?

4. Enumerate recent advances in MEMS in automotive?

MODULE IV

1. What are the stages in designing a mechatronic system?

2. Distinguish between traditional design approach and Mechatronics approach.

3. What are the advantages of PLC system?

4. What is the function of encoder?

5. Mention the configurations in operating stepper motor?


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

6. Sketch the basic architecture of a PLC and explain the function of each element.

MODULE V

1. State the purpose of control system.

2. What are the types of control systems?

3. Obtain the basic function of control system?

4. Give example for closed loop system and open loop system?

MODULE VI

1. How could you develop a mechatronic system for automation in your hostel dining area?

2. Mention the impact of robotics in a mechatronic system from industrial point of

application.

3. Give some examples of robotic vision and use of CCD and CID

4. Can you develop a system to automate car parking in city railway station?


Mr Jithin K Francis Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 409 Compressible Fluid Flow S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

8. ME 409 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW



ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE:COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW SEMESTER: VIICREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE:ME 409REGULATION:

2016

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:FLUID

&THERMAL SCIENCE

CONTACT HOURS:2(LECTURE) + 1(TUTORIAL)

HOUR/WEEK


(IF ANY):NIL

LAB COURSE NAME:NIL

SYLLABUS:


I

Introduction to Compressible Flow- Concept of continuum-system and

control volume approach- conservation of mass, momentum and

energy- stagnation state- compressibility-Entropy relations.

Wave propagation- Acoustic velocity-Mach number-effect of Mach

number on compressibility- Pressure coefficient-physical difference

between incompressible, subsonic, sonic and supersonic flows- Mach

cone-Sonic boom-Reference velocities- Impulse function-adiabatic

energy equation-representation of various flow regimes on steady flow

adiabatic ellipse.

8

II

One dimensional steady isentropic flow- Adiabatic and isentropic flow

of a perfect gas- basic equations- Area-Velocity relation using 1D

approximation-nozzle and diffuser-mass flow rate-chocking in

isentropic flow-flow coefficients and efficiency of nozzle and diffuser-

working tables-charts and tables for isentropic flow-operation of

nozzle under varying pressure ratios –over expansion and under

expansion in nozzles.

7

III

Irreversible discontinuity in supersonic flow- one dimensional shock

wave- stationary normal shock- governing equations- Prandtl- Meyer

relations- Shock strength- Rankine- Hugoniot Relation- Normal Shock

on T-S diagram- working formula- curves and tables-Oblique shock

waves - supersonic flow over compression and expansion corners

(basic idea only).

7

IV

Flow in a constant area duct with friction (Fanno Flow) – Governing

Equations- Fanno line on h-s and P-v diagram- Fanno relation for a

perfect gas- Chocking due to friction- working tables for Fanno flow-

Isothermal flow(elementary treatment only)

6

V Flow through constant area duct with heat transfer (Rayleigh Flow)-

Governing equations- Rayleigh line on h-s and P-v diagram- Rayleigh 6


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

relation for perfect gas- maximum possible heat addition-location of

maximum enthalpy point- thermal chocking- working tables for

Rayleigh flow.

VI

Compressible flow field visualization and measurement-

Shadowgraph-Schlieren technique- interferometer- subsonic

compressible flow field -measurement (Pressure, Velocity and

Temperature) – compressibility - correction factor- hot wire

anemometer- supersonic flow measurement- Shock tube-Rayleigh

Pitot tube- wedge probe- stagnation temperature probe- temperature

recovery factor –Kiel probe - Wind tunnels – closed and open type.

8


T/R/D BOOK TITLE/AUTHOR/PUBLICATION

T1 Balachandran P., Fundamentals of Compressible Fluid Dynamics, PHI Learning. 2006

T2 Rathakrishnan E., Gas Dynamics, PHI Learning, 2014

T3 Yahya S. M., Fundamentals of Compressible Flow with Aircraft and Rocket Propulsion, New Age International Publishers, 2003

R1 Anderson, Modern compressible flow, 3e McGraw Hill Education, 2012

R2 Shapiro, Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Flow – Vol 1., John Wiley & Sons,1953

D1 Yahya S. M., Gas Tables, New Age International, 2011

D2 Balachandran P., Gas Tables, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Limited, 2011



ME 205 Thermodynamics

Detailed knowledge of control volume

approach, continuum concept, Steady flow

energy equation, Entropy

Third

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To familiarize with behaviour of compressible gas flow.

2 To understand the difference between subsonic and supersonic flow

3 To familiarize with high speed test facilities

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl. NO DESCRIPTION

Blooms’

Taxomomy

Level

CME409

.1 To analyze and solve compressible flow related engineering problems.

Analyze

Level-4

CME409

.2

Toevaluate the sonic speed for ideal gases and obtain the Mach numbers.

Also to classify subsonic, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flow

regimes.

Evaluate

Level-4


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME409

.3

to apply the knowledge gained in performing preliminary design of

supersonic inlets, diffusers, wind tunnels and other compressible flow

devices by using one- dimensional compressible flow theory.

Application

Level-3

CME409

.4

To combine conservation of mass, momentum and energy principles with

gas equations of state and second law of thermodynamics to analyze

normal shock.

Analyze

Level-4

CME409

.5

To combine conservation of mass, momentum and energy principles with

gas equations of state and second law of thermodynamics to

analyzeFanno flow & Rayleigh flow.

Analyze

Level-4

ME409.

6

To describe various compressible flow field visualization and

measurement methods.

Understand

Level-2


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME409.1 2 2 2

CME409.2 3 3 2

CME409.3 3 3 2

CME409.4 1 3 2

CME409.5 1 3 2

CME409.6 2 3 2




CME409.1-PO1 M Students will be able to differentiate compressible flow problems and

use their knowledge to solve them

CME409.1-PO2 M With given inputs students can analyse and solve compressible fluid

flow problems

CME409.2-PO1 H

Students will be able to calculate the Mach number using which they are

in a position to analyse and distinguish the type of compressible flow

when dealing with engineering flow problems

CME409.2-PO2 H

With the given input values, Mach number of flow can be evaluated,

using which the flow parameters at any point can be obtained. Based on

this they can distinguish the type of compressible flow.

CME409.3-PO1 H

Students will be able to do preliminary design and analyse of diffusers

and nozzles using his engineering knowledge to fulfil engineering

requirement. (determine throat area, exit area for given Mach number)

CME409.3-PO2 H Students can evaluate A/A* value for nozzles and diffusers and using

the value draw conclusions whether flow will be subsonic or supersonic.

CME409.4-PO1 L

From the knowledge gained, students can understand the flow variations

and associated losses in engineering designs due to shock. ( shocks in

flow over blades in compressors/turbines)

CME409.4-PO2 H Students will be able to identify the presences of discontinuity like

shock in a fluid flow and analyse the flow accordingly. ( flow past a


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

blunt body, wedge, or adverse flow conditions)

CME409.5-PO1 L

From the knowledge gained, students can solve to find parameters

affecting Fannoflow & Rayleigh Flow. (Determine friction factor in

Fanno flow, maximum possible heat addition in Rayleigh flow)

CME409.5-PO2 H

Students can formulate and analyse fluid flows affected by friction and

heat transfer. (understand how subsonic and supersonic flow changes

from one type to another due to heat and friction)

CME409.6-PO4 M

Students will be aware of different flow visualisation and measurement

techniques which they can implement to develop experiment setup to

study compressible flow.


TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: NIL

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: NIL


1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103021/ ( NPTEL Class on Gas Dynamics)

2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ycxMTUnruw&t=2s ( CD nozzle animation)

3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWGLAAYdbbc&t=59s( supersonic flights)

4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JO4_VHM69oI( Sonic boom)

5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiV3cPADCgg( compressible flow through nozzles)

6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng4XMEWUCLI( shock wave)



CME409.1-

PSO1 M

Students will be solving compressible flow problems using the

knowledge gained from this course.

CME409.2-

PSO1 M

Students will be analysing compressible flow using their knowledge

from thermal and fluid science

CME409.3-

PSO1 M

Students will be able to design nozzles and diffusers using their

knowledge

CME409.4-

PSO1 M

Students will be able to solve engineering problems which

encounters shock

CME409.5-

PSO1 M

Students will be able to solve engineering problems in which flow

parameters varies due to friction and heat transfer

CME409.6-

PSO1 H

Students using the knowledge of operating various measurement

devices, along with their thermal and fluid science knowledge can

solve engineering problems through experiments

CME409.6-

PSO2 M

Students will be able to develop solutions through experiments by

clubbing their knowledge of various devices with the knowledge of

design and analysis of mechanical systems

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103021/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ycxMTUnruw&t=2s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWGLAAYdbbc&t=59s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JO4_VHM69oI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiV3cPADCgg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng4XMEWUCLI


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB RESOURCES

☑ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES


☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☑ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS ☑ UNIV. EXAMINATION

☐STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS


☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,

ONCE) ☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (ONCE)

☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS

8.2 COURSE PLAN

Day Module Topic

1 I

Introduction to Compressible Flow- Concept of continuum-system and

control volume approach.

2 I Conservation of mass, momentum and energy

3 I Stagnation state- compressibility-Entropy relations

4 I

Wave propagation- Acoustic velocity-Mach number-effect of Mach

number on compressibility- Pressure coefficient.

5 I

Physical difference between incompressible, subsonic, sonic and

supersonic flows

6 I Supersonic flows- Mach cone-Sonic boom

7 I Reference velocities- Impulse function

8 I

Adiabatic energy equation-representation of various flow regimes on

steady flow adiabatic ellipse.

9 II

One dimensional steady isentropic flow- Adiabatic and isentropic flow

of a perfect gas.

10 II Basic equations- Area-Velocity relation using 1D approximation.

11 II

Nozzle and diffuser-mass flow rate-chocking in isentropic flow. flow

coefficients and efficiency of nozzle and diffuser

12 II Operation of nozzle under varying pressure ratios

13 II Over expansion and under expansion in nozzles

14 II Numerical


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

15 II Numerical

16 III

Irreversible discontinuity in supersonic flow- one dimensional shock

wave- stationary normal shock.

17 III Governing equations- Prandtl- Meyer relations

18 III

Shock strength- Rankine- Hugoniot Relation- Normal Shock on T-S

diagram.

19 III Oblique shock waves.

20 III

Supersonic flow over compression and expansion corners (basic idea

only).

21 III Numerical

22 III Numerical

23 IV

Flow in a constant area duct with friction (Fanno Flow) – Governing

Equations

24 IV Fanno line on h-s and P-v diagram- Fanno relation for a perfect gas

25 IV Chocking due to friction

26 IV Isothermal flow(elementary treatment only)

27 IV Numerical

28 IV Numerical

29 V

Flow through constant area duct with heat transfer (Rayleigh Flow)-

Governing equations.

30 V Rayleigh line on h-s and P-v diagram.

31 V Rayleigh relation for perfect gas- maximum possible heat addition.

32 V Location of maximum enthalpy point- thermal chocking.

33 V Numerical

34 V Numerical

35 VI

Compressible flow field visualization and measurement- Shadowgraph-

Schlieren technique- interferometer.

36 VI

Subsonic compressible flow field -measurement (Pressure, Velocity

and Temperature)

37 VI

Subsonic compressible flow field -measurement (Pressure, Velocity

and Temperature)

38 VI Compressibility - correction factor- hot wire anemometer.

39 VI Supersonic flow measurement- Shock tube.

40 VI Rayleigh Pitot tube- wedge probe.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

8.3 MODULE-WISE QUESTIONS

Module 1

1. State the Von Karmann’s rules for supersonic flow

2. Explain the meaning of stagnation state with example.

3. Obtain continuity equation from law of conservation of mass for control volume and there

by deduce dp

p+

dA

A+

dc

c−

dT

T= 0

4. What is impact temperature? Determine the velocity of air corresponding to a velocity

temperature of 1°C.

5. Explain the merits of dimensionless numbers defined using reference velocities over Mach

number.

6. Speed of a supersonic aircraft flying at an altitude of 1100 m corresponds to a Mach number

of 2.5. Estimate the time elapsed between the instant the air craft was directly overhead of an

observer and the instant the observer feels the disturbance due to the aircraft. The observer is

stationary.

7.Derive the relation for F/F* in terms of Mach number.

8. Derive the stagnation enthalpy equation.

9. What is meant by mass velocity?

10. Derive 𝐴

𝐴∗ =1

M[

2

γ+1+

γ−1

γ+1M2]

γ+1

2(γ−1)

11. Derive a relation for velocity of sound in terms of properties of the medium

12. Explain the flow regime for a supersonic flow.

13. Determine the Mach number of an aircraft at which the velocity temperature of air at the

entry of the engine equals the static temperature.

14. Prove that sonic velocity in an ideal gas depends on temperature and nature of the gas.

41 VI

Stagnation temperature probe- temperature recovery factor –Kiel

probe.

42 VI Wind tunnels – closed and open type.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

15. Air is discharged from a reservoir at Po = 6.91 and To = 325°C through a nozzle to an exit

pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is 3000 kg/hr.. Determine for isentropic flow (a) Throat

area and velocity. (b) Exit area and Mach number.

16. Obtain continuity equation from law of conservation of mass for a control volume.

Module 2

1. Explain under expanded and over expanded nozzle.

2. Write a note onperformance of real nozzle.

3. Explain the variation of pressure in a convergent duct when back pressure is varied.

4. Derive an expression for the mass flow rate through a nozzle. For air flow through a nozzle

show that the maximum flow parameter assumes a value of 0.0404.

5. A supersonic wind tunnel is to be designed to give a Mach number of 2.0 with air at the test

section and having an area of 0.1𝑚2 for the test section. Air pressure and temperature at inlet

to the nozzle, where the velocity is negligible are5 × 105 𝑁

𝑚2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 150° 𝐶. Find nozzle

throat area, pressure and temperature at the test section and mass flow rate.

Module 3

1. Can shock waves occur in a subsonic flow? Explain.

2. What are the governing equations used to study normal shock problems.

3. Represent occuranceof normal shock in a Fanno flow & Rayleigh flow in h-s diagram.

4. What are the assumptions used to study normal shock in a compressible flow

5. Derive relation connecting static pressure ratio and static density ratio across a normal shock.

6. Starting from Energy equation derive Prandtl-Meyer relation

7. What is an oblique shock?

8. Can rarefaction waves result in formation of shock.

Module 4

1. What is Fanno line?

2. What are the assumptions used to study Fanno flow?

3. What are the governing equations used in the study of Fanno flow?


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4. Derive the condition for maximum entropy in a Fanno flow.

5. Define critical length in a Fanno flow. A gas (γ=1.3, R=0.287kJ/kg K) at p1= 1bar, T1=400K

enters a 30 cm diameter duct at M = 2.0. A normal shock occurs at M = 1.5. At the exit of

the duct the Mach number is unity. The mean value of friction factor is 0.003. Determine:

1.Length of duct upstream and downstream of the shock.

2.Mass flow rate of gas.

3.Entropy change across the shock.

Module 5

1. What are the governing equations used to study Rayleigh flow?

2. What is Rayleigh line?

3. For a Rayleigh flow derive the condition of maximum enthalpy.

4. For a Rayleigh flow derive the condition for maximum entropy.

5. Explain what happens to a subsonic Rayleigh flow and supersonic Rayleigh flow during

heating and cooling

Module 6

1. Explain the method used for measuring flow velocity in a supersonic flow.

2. With the help of T-s diagram and neat sketch explain the components of a rocket engine.

3. Explain the working principle of a) Shadowgraph, b) Schlieren technique, c)interferometer

4. Explain the working of a shock tube.

5. Write short notes on a) temperature recovery factor, b) Kiel probe

6. Explain the method used for measuring flow velocity in a supersonic flow.


Mr Rathish T R Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 461 Aerospace Engineering S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

9. ME461 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING



COURSE: AEROSPACE ENGINEERING SEMESTER: 7 CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: ME461

REGULATION: 2016

COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: THERMAL &

FLUID SCIENCE

CONTACT HOURS: 3 (Tutorial)

Hours/Week.


(IF ANY): NIL

LAB COURSE NAME: NA

SYLLABUS: UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I The atmosphere: characteristics of troposphere , stratosphere , thermosphere,

and ionosphere- pressure, temperature and density variations in the

atmosphere. Application of dimensional analysis – aerodynamic force –

model study and similitude. 2D aero foils-Nomenclature and classification-

pressure distribution in inviscid and real flows- momentum and circulation

theory of aerofoil- characteristics.

8

II 3D or Finite aero foils – effect of releasing the wingtips- wing tip vortices-

replacement of finite wing by horse shoe vortex system, lifting line theory-

wing load distribution – aspect ratio, induced drag calculation of induced drag

from momentum considerations. Skin friction and from drag- changes in

finite wing plan shape.

7

III Propellers – momentum and blade element theories –propeller coefficients

and charts. Aircraft performance-straight and level flight –power required and

power available graphs for propeller and jet aircraft.

6

IV Gliding and climbing –rate of climb-service and absolute ceilings-gliding

angle and speed of flattest glide takeoff and landing performance – length of

runway required- aircraft ground run- circling flight – radius of tightest turn-

jet and rocket assisted take –off high lift devices-range and endurance of

airplanes. Charts for piston and jet engine aircrafts.

7

V Flight Instruments-airspeed indicator, calculation of true air speed-altimeter,

gyrohorizon -direction indicator-vertical speed indicator –turn and back

indicator-air temperature indicator. Brief description and qualitative ideas

only). Ideas on stabilitystatic and dynamic stability- longitudinal, lateral and

directional stability- controls of an aero plane- aerodynamic balancing of

control surfaces- mass balancing (Qualitative ideas only).

7

VI Principles of wind tunnel testing –open and closed type wind tunnels-wind

tunnel balances supersonic wind tunnels. Study of subsonic, Transonic, and

supersonic aircraft engines (Description with figures Only).Elementary ideas

on space travel-calculation of earth orbiting and escape velocities ignoring air

resistance and assuming circular orbit.

7


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

TOTAL HOURS 42



T1 A.C. Kermode, Mechanics of flight, Prentice Hall, 2007

T2 Anderson J.D. Jr., (2010), Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, Tata McGraw-Hill

T3 EHJ Pallett, Aircraft Instruments and Integrated systems, Longman,1992

R1 Houghton and Brock, Aerodynamics for Engineering Student, Hodder & Stoughton,1977



MA101,102 CALCULUS, DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

Should posses basic knowledge in

mathematics: Scalar and vector

fields, mathematical operators,

integral and differential calculus

etc

1,2

ME010 303 FLUID MECHANICS

Should have the basic concepts of

fluid mechanics applied to real

world engineering examples.

Should posses a developed

understanding about basic laws

and equations used for static and

dynamic analysis of fluids.

3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To impart introductory concepts in aerospace engineering, building upon the basics of fluid

mechanics.

2 To develop fundamental understanding on the basic laws and equations used in flight

mechanics.

3 To familiarize the practical usefulness of dimensional analysis in framing equations for

aerodynamics/fluid mechanics.

4 To impart theoretical knowledge about wind tunnels and experimental fluid mechanics.

5 To introduce the basic operational theories and mechanisms behind various flight

instruments used in aircrafts.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

COURSE OUTCOMES:


Taxonomy

Level

CME461.1

Students will understand the characteristics of atmospheric layers: temperature and density variations therein, and the conditions of possible flight in each layer. They will be able to solve problems to compare flight conditions prevailing at each layer of atmosphere, based on the knowledge acquired.

Understand

(Level 2)

CME461.2

Students will gain knowledge on the various aerofoil characteristics (2D), wing tip vortices (3D) and their importance in flight. They will synergize this with their knowledge in fundamental Fluid Mechanics in solving complex mathematical problems pertaining to basic aerodynamics of flight.

Apply

(Level 3)

CME461.3

Students will gain a deeper insight into the significance of dimensional analysis and will be able to deduce/evaluate significant parameters for wind tunnel tests in aerospace engineering.

Analyze

(Level 4)

CME461.4

Students will be able to debate onthe pros and cons of various theories behind propulsive devices for flight (viz., propeller and jet engines). They can recommend appropriate flight conditions for maximizing range and endurance of aircrafts using either type of propulsive systems.

Evaluate

(Level 5)

CME461.5

Students will gain fundamental knowledge in flight mechanics and flight stability, recognize various aircraft instruments and will read basic information on the high speed wind tunnels, rocket motors and propellants for space flight.

Knowledge

(Level 1)

CO-PO AND CO-PSO MAPPING PO

1 PO 2

PO 3

PO 4

PO 5

PO 6

PO 7

PO 8

PO 9

PO 10

PO 11

PO 12

PSO 1

PSO 2

PSO 3

CME461.1 1 2 - 2 - - - - - - - - 3 - -

CME461.2 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 1 3 2 2

CME461.3 2 - - 3 - - - - - - - - - 2 -

CME461.4 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 2 3 -

CME461.5 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 1 - 1

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH JUSTIFICATION

CME461.1-

PO1 L

Students will be able to appreciate and to a considerable

extent solve complex engineering problems related to

atmosphere and flight conditions, based on acquired

knowledge.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME461.1-

PO2 M

Problem analysis based on first principles of mathematics

and research based relevant data is essential to identify the

possible gains/lapses in flight conditions at various layers of

atmosphere.

CME0461.1-

PO4

M

While conducting investigations of complex problems to

validate/conclude whether a particular flight is permissible

at a specific atmospheric layer, the student has to use

research based knowledge (provided) and interpret relevant

data at his/her disposal.

CME461.2-

PO1 H

Students will be able to solve complex engineering problems

related to aerofoils/lifting surfaces, based on acquired

knowledge.

CME461.2-

PO2 H


and research based relevant data is essential to analyze the

various 2D aerofoil characteristics and 3D wing vortex

systems.

CME461.2-

PO3

H

In the design/development of solutions for complex

aerospace engineering problems and to design flight system

components that ensures passenger/civilian safety on and off

ground, the knowledge of aerofoil characteristics and vortex

systems is a definite prerequisite.

CME461.2-

PO4

H

While conducting investigations of complex problems to

validate/conclude on analysis whether a lifting surface will

sustain or stall in flight, the student has to use research

based knowledge (exhaustive data is available) and interpret

relevant data at his/her disposal.

CME461.2-

PO12

L

The student is considered to have recognized the need for

life-long learning in fluid mechanics and aerodynamics for

flightand be prepared and developed the ability to engage in

independent and life-long learning in the broadest context

of technological change in the field of aerospace

engineering.

CME461.3-

PO1 M

Deeper knowledge gained into the significance of

dimensional analysis will help to solve complex engineering

problems related to wind tunnel experiments in aerospace

engineering.

CME461.3-

PO4

H

To conduct investigations of complex problems on

experimental analysis of lifting surfaces/aerodynamic

bodies in wind tunnels and to generate relevant

experimental data, the fundamental background on

dimensional analysis is essential.

CME461.4-

PO1 H

Students will gain advanced knowledge on the various

fundamental theories behind propulsive devices for aircrafts

(viz., Momentum theory, blade element theory, jet engine

theory), based on which they can solvecomplex engineering

problems related to calculating thrust, power and efficiency

of such devices.

CME461.4-

PO2 M


and research based relevant data (propeller charts, V-n

diagram, characteristic curves, etc.) is essential to analyze,


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

evaluate,debateand recommend appropriate flight

conditions for maximizing range and endurance of aircrafts

using either type of propulsive systems.

CME461.4-

PO12 L

The student is considered to have recognized the need for

life-long learning in propulsive systems for flightand be

prepared and developed the inclination to engage in

independent and life-long learning in the field of aerospace

engineering.

CME461.5-

PO1 L

By gaining a broad overview but only at the level of

basic/fundamental knowledge in (engineering) flight

mechanics, wind tunnel types, and rocket motors, his/her

knowledge will be limited to recognizing various aircraft

instruments, its principles and reading basic information on

the high speed wind tunnels, rocket motors and propellants

for space flight. However this itself is fundamental in the

solution to acomplex problem at an undergraduate

engineering level.

CME461.5-

PO12 H

Students will strongly recognize the need and develop the

aptitude for life-long learning on flight mechanics, various

aircraft instruments, high speed wind tunnels, rocket motors

and propellants for space flight.


MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME461.1-

PSO1 L

Students will acquire basic knowledge on atmospheric

layers and will be able to apply this knowledge in the

domain of thermal and fluid sciences to solve aerospace

engineering problems.

CME461.2-

PSO1 M

Application of knowledge gained in the domain of

engineering mechanics, thermal and fluid sciences to

solve engineering problems pertaining to analysis of

lifting surfaces, utilizing industry relevant advanced

technology is required in aircraft manufacturing.

CME461.2-

PSO2 M

Design, analysis and implementation of mechanical

systems (design of lifting surfaces, wings)/processes (lift

and drag calculations) will be based on the successful

application of the principles learned as a part of the

curriculum.

CME461.2-

PSO3 M

Students will gain capability to develop and implement

new ideas on aircraft wing design and development of

aircraft components with the help of modern CAD/CAM

tools, once he/she synergizes the knowledge gained from

this course with his/her skills in an advanced CAD/CAM

tools like CATIA or UG.

CME461.3-

PSO2 M

In the design and analysis of experimental systems for

aircrafts (for design of lifting surfaces, wings) the

processes (experimental methods, wind & water tunnels)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


REQUIREMENTS:

SNO DESCRIPTION RELEVENCE

TO PO\PSO

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

1

Introduction to numerical programming

techniques/software based CFD absent in curriculum.

Students can use CFD tools ANSYS Fluent and

ICEM CFD to solve simple problems of lift and drag

calculations to apperciate the subject.

PO4, PSO1 CFD based

exercises as

assignment



SINO: TOPIC RELEVENCE

TO PO\PSO

1 CFD analysis to calculate lift and drag of simple aerofoil geometries

using software tools: ANSYS Fluent and ICEM CFD.

PO4, PSO1

2 Design of a remote controlled aircraft for level flight. PO4, PSO1

will be based on the successful application of the

principles learned on dimensional analysis.

CME461.4-

PSO1 M

With the knowledge in the domain of aerospace

engineering, flight mechanics (Power conditions,

Performance Curves), thermal and fluid sciences (fluid

mechanics), the students will be successful in solving

fundamental engineering problems utilizing advanced

technology in an aircraft industry.

CME461.4-

PSO2 H

Principles of design, analysis and implementation of

aircraft mechanical systems/ manufacturing processes are

based on the flight mechanics and power/performance

conditions which have been learned as a part of the

curriculum.

CME461.5-

PSO1 L

Students gain only a peripheral knowledge in the domain

of aircraft instruments (aerospace engineering), rockets

and high speed wind tunnels (thermal and fluid sciences).

Though elaborate for an undergraduate course, to be

successful in solving high level aircraft manufacturing

engineering problems involving flight instruments/rocket

propulsion, further specific courses are required.

CME461.5-

PSO3 L

CAD/CAM tools are utilized in an industry to model,

design, manufacture and implement via structural

integration, the aircraft instruments. A student with

fundamental knowledge in aircraft instruments, and CAD

based tools can further develop industry based skills

easily on receiving further specific training.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HM7ZMPpbeDA

2 http://freevideolectures.com/Course/89/Fluid-Mechanics

3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEyUNvtZkH0

4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKCK4lJLQHU

5 https://www.av8n.com/how/htm/airfoils.html

6 http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%205.%20Wing%20Design.pdf


☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB

RESOURCES

☑LCD/SMART

BOARDS

☐ STUD.

SEMINARS

☐ ADD-ON COURSES


☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD.

SEMINARS

☑ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☑ UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐ STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

☐

CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES

☐ OTHERS



(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (ONCE)



☐ OTHERS

9.2 COURSE PLAN


1 I The atmosphere: characteristics of troposphere , stratosphere ,

thermosphere, and ionosphere

2 I Pressure, Temperature and Density variations in the Atmosphere

3 Application of dimensional analysis – aerodynamic force – model study

and similitude.

4 I 2D aero foils-Nomenclature and classification

5 pressure distribution in inviscid and real flows

6 I momentum and circulation

7 I theory of aerofoil- characteristics.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

8 I theory of aerofoil- characteristics.

9 II 3D or Finite aero foils – effect of releasing the wingtips- wing tip vortices-

10 II replacement of finite wing by horse shoe vortex system

11 II lifting line theory-wing load distribution – aspect ratio

12 II induced drag calculation of induced drag from momentum considerations.

13 II induced drag calculation of induced drag from momentum considerations.

14 II Skin friction and from drag- changes in finite wing plan shape.

15 II Skin friction and from drag- changes in finite wing plan shape.

16 III Propellers – momentum and blade element theories.

17 III propeller coefficients and charts.

18 III Aircraft performance-straight and level flight

19 III Aircraft performance-straight and level flight

20 III power required and power available graphs for propeller and jet aircraft

21 III power required and power available graphs for propeller and jet aircraft

22 IV Gliding and climbing –rate of climb-service and absolute ceilings

23 IV gliding angle and speed of flattest glide

24 IV takeoff and landing performance – length of runway required- aircraft

ground run

25 IV circling flight – radius of tightest turn

26 IV jet and rocket assisted take –off high lift devices

27 IV Range and endurance of airplanes

28 IV charts for piston and jet engine aircrafts.

29 V Flight Instruments-airspeed indicator, calculation of true air speed-altimeter

30 V gyrohorizon -direction indicator-vertical speed indicator- turn and back

indicator-air temperature indicator (Brief description and qualitative ideas

only)

31 V Ideas on stability: static and dynamic stability-

32 V longitudinal, lateral and directional stability

33 V controls of an aero plane

34 V aerodynamic balancing of control surfaces

35 V mass balancing (Qualitative ideas only).

36 VI Principles of wind tunnel testing –open and closed type wind tunnels

37 VI open and closed type wind tunnels

38 VI wind tunnel balances

39 VI supersonic wind tunnels.

40 VI Study of subsonic, Transonic, and supersonic aircraft engines (Description

with figures Only).


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

41 VI Study of subsonic, Transonic, and supersonic aircraft engines (Description

with figures Only).

42 VI Elementary ideas on space travel-Calculation of Earth Orbiting Velocitiy

ignoring air resistance and assuming circular orbit.


MODULE: 1

1. Derive expressions for the pressure and temperature variation in troposphere.

2. Calculate pressure and density at (i) 10,000 m and (ii) 20,000 m in ISA. The pressure at

mean sea level is 1.01325x105 N/m2. Assume appropriate values for sea level

temperature and the temperature lapse rate in troposphere.

3. Prove that neglecting compressibility effects for a flight at Mach number 0.7 can result in

13% error in the calculation of stagnation pressure coefficient.

4. Define and explain the significance of (a) Center of pressure and (b) Aerodynamic

center for an airfoil

5. Applying the concept of dimensional analysis, prove that a compound variable 𝑆𝑡 =𝑓𝐷

𝑉

is significant in the study of vortex shedding from bodies of obstruction, where f is the

frequency of vortex shedding, D a characteristic dimension and V is the free stream flow

velocity.

MODULE: 2

1. Explain the concept of horse shoe vortex system with neat sketch

2. Explain how wing tip vortices modify the lift-to-drag charactristics of a finite wing.

MODULE: 3

1. Explain the working of a turbojet engine. How thrust augmentation is realized in such

engines?

2. What is propeller thrust coefficient? What is its significance in a propeller chart?

3. A turbopropeller flies at 304 knots at 20,000 ft. Each of four 14 ft diameter propeller is

driven by an engine delivering 1920 shp. The propeller speed is 1050 rpm. Assuming the

propellers are 4-bladed with an activity factor of 135, using propeller chart, find:

a. Propulsive efficiency

b. Thrust per propeller


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

c. Ideal efficiency from simple momentum theory

MODULE: 4

1. Write a short note on the various components of aerodynamic drag and their variation

with flight conditions.

2. Obtain the maximum and minimum speeds in steady level flight for an aeroplane at sea

level. Given: W = 100kN, CL,max = 1.5, CD = 0.016 + 0.45 CL2, Thrust available = 25kN

3. Write short notes on Service and Absolute ceilings for an aircraft.

MODULE: 5

1. An airplane flies at ambient conditions of 30 kN/m2 and -44oC. The TAS is 270 m/s.

Calculate IAS and compare with that obtained by neglecting compressibility.

2. Explain the principle and working of an altimeter. Why does it have an adjustment so

that it can be set before each flight?

MODULE: 6

1. Airplane weighing 65kN is in level flight at 1500 m (given, relative density of air is

0.862 and ambient temperature is 5.1oC) at an equivalent air speed of 35 m/s. In flight, it

experiences a L/D ratio of 17. Determine:

a. Scale of the model

b. Drag offered by the model,

if the model is tested in a CAT (Compressed Air Tunnel) working at 30 m/s and 22

atmospheres at 15oC. Hint: Assume Rayleigh’s formula for variation in viscosity.

2. (i) What is ‘dynamic similarity’ and why it is important in wind tunnel tests ?

(ii) An aircraft flies at Mach number 0.85 at 18300m where the pressure is 7160 N/m2

and the temperature is -56.5oC. A model of 1/10th scale is to be tested in a high-speed


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

wind tunnel. Calculate the total pressure of the tunnel stream necessary to give dynamic

similarity, if the total temperature is 50oC.

(Hint: Ensure Mach number and Reynolds similarity in test section. For atmospheric air,

for all practical purpose: 𝜇 = 𝜇(𝑇). Use stagnation relations for temperature and pressure

wherever applicable. For a static pressure 𝑝 and temperature T in the test section of the

tunnel, a relation with stagnation properties at reservoir would be, 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔

𝑝= [1 +

𝛾−1

2𝑀2]

(𝛾

𝛾−1)

and 𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔

𝑇= [1 +

𝛾−1

2𝑀2]


Dr.Ajith Kumar A Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 463 Automobile Engineering S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

10. ME 463 AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING



ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

UNIVERSITY:APJ Abdul Kalam

Technological University

COURSE: AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING SEMESTER: VII CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: ME 463

REGULATION: 2016 COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, DESIGN AND

ANALYSIS

CONTACT HOURS: 3 (Lecture)

hours/week.


(IF ANY): NA LAB COURSE NAME: NA

SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

Piston: - material for piston, clearances, piston rings, types, need for two

compression rings, oil control ring, piston pin. Piston for IC engine, piston

rings, piston pin, connecting rod, crank shaft, crank pin, cam shaft, valves,

fly wheel, fluctuation of energy and size of fly wheel, hub and arms, stress in

a fly wheel rim, simple problems. Petrol fuel injection systems: - comparison

petrol injection and carburetted fuel supply systems- comparison multiport

fuel injection (MPFI) and common rail direct injection(CRDI) systems.

Super charging systems: fundamentals, naturally aspirated engines and

supercharged engines Turbo charger, turbo lag. Hybrid cars, safety overview

-Formula-I engine technology: overview, electrical technology, brakes,

transmission technology.

7

II

Friction clutch:- fundamentals, driven plate inertia, driven plate transmitted

torque, driven plate wear angular driven plate cushioning and torsional

damping, clutch friction materials, when clutch is worn out. Pull type

diaphragm clutch, multiple diaphragm clutch, multi-plate hydraulically

operated automatic transmission clutch, semi centrifugal clutch, fully

automatic centrifugal clutch, and integral single plate diaphragm clutch.

Need of gear box, resistance to vehicle motion, power to weight ratio, speed

operating range-five speed and reverse sliding mesh, constant mesh, and

synchromesh gear boxes:-gear synchronization and engagement. Over drives

hydrodynamic fluid couplings: - efficiency and torque capacity fluid friction

coupling- torque converters.

7

III

Steering:-basic principle of a steering system:- swinging beam system

Ackermann over steer and under steer slip angle, camber, caster etc. Swivel

axis inclination: centre point steering, camber, king pin inclination, negative

offset, caster, toe-in and toe-out Steering gear box: - fundamentals screw and

nut steering gear mechanism-worm and roller type steering gear box Re-

circulating ball nut and rocker lever, re-circulating ball rack and sector

steering gear box need of power assisted steering. External direct coupled

7


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

and rack and pinion and integrated steering power cylinder, power assisted

steering lock limitations

IV

Suspension: - suspension geometry, terminology- Macpherson strut friction

and spring offset - suspension roll centers:-roll centers, roll axis, roll centre

height, short swing and long arm suspension, transverse double wishbone,

parallel trailing double arm and vertical pill strut suspension, Macpherson

strut suspension, semi-trailing arm rear suspension, telescopic suspension.

High load beam axle leaf spring, sprung body roll stability. Rear axle beam

suspension- body roll stability analysis:- body roll couple, body roll stiffness,

body over turning couple Body weight transfer, body direct weight transfer

couple, body roll couple distribution, body roll weight transfer, lateral force

distribution. Anti roll bars and roll stiffness:- anti roll bar function, operating

principle, anti roll bar action caused by the body rolling, single wheel lift -

rubber spring bumper:-bump stop function and characteristics, axis

inclination. Rear suspension: - live rigid axle suspension, non drive rear

suspension- swing arm rear wheel drive independent suspension. Low pivot

split axle coil spring wheel drive independent suspension, trailing and semi

trailing arm rear wheel drive independent suspension. Transverse double link

arm rear wheel drive independent suspension, De Dion axle rear wheel

suspension – Hydrogen suspension, hydro-pneumatic automatic height

correction suspension.

8

V

Brakes:- mechanical and hydraulic brakes (review only) properties of

friction lining and pad materials, efficiency, stopping distance, theory of

internal shoe brake, equations effect of expanding mechanism of shoes on

total braking torque, equations. Braking vehicles:- brakes applied on rear,

front and all four wheels, equations calculation of mean lining pressure and

heat generation during braking operation, equations. - braking of vehicle

moving on curved path, simple problems. Anti Lock Braking system (ABS):-

need and advantages of ABS hydro-mechanical ABS - hydro-electric ABS -

air-electric ABS. Brake servos: - operating principle, vacuum servo – direct

acting suspended vacuum assisted brake servo unit operation - hydraulic

servo assisted brake systems. Pneumatic operated disc brakes air operated

brake systems: - air over hydraulic brake system - Three line brake system-

electronic-pneumatic brakes.

7

VI

Aerodynamic drag: pressure drag, air resistance, opposing motion of a

vehicle, equations, after flow wake, drag coefficients, various body shapes,

base drag, vortices, trailing vortex drag, attached transverse vortices.

Aerodynamic lift:-lift coefficients, vehicle lift, underbody floor height versus

aerodynamic lift and drag, aerofoil lift and drag, front end nose shape. Car

body drag reduction:-profile edge chamfering, bonnet slope and wind screen

rake, roof and side panel chamfering, rear side panel taper, underbody rear

end upward taper, rear end tail extension, underbody roughness.

Aerodynamic lift control:- underbody dams, exposed wheel air flow pattern,

partial enclosed wheel air flow pattern, rear end spoiler, negative lift aerofoil

wings. After body drag: - square back drag, fast back drag, hatch back drag,

notch back drag.

7

TOTAL HOURS 43


COURSE HANDOUT: S7



T1 Heinz Heisler, advanced vehicle technology, Society of Automotive Engineers Inc,2002

T2 Heinz Heisler, advanced engine technology, Butterworth-Heinemann,1995

T3 Gupta R.B. Auto design , Satya Prakash, New Delhi, 2015

T4 Hillier and Peter Coobes, Fundamentals of motor vehicle technology, Nelson Thornes,

2004

T5 Tom Denton, Automobile mechanical and electrical systems, Butterworth-

Heinemann,2011

T6 Automobile Engineering (Vol. 1 & 2) - Dr.Kirpal Singh – Standard Publishers

Distributors

T7 Hillier’s Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology- V.A.W Hillier & Peter Coombes-

New Age International.

R1 Automobile Engineering (Vol. 1 & 2) - K.M.Guptha

R2 Automotive Mechanics - Joseph Heitner

R3 Automobile Engineering - Harbans Singh Reyd

R4 Automotive Mechanic - William H. Course



ME204 THERMAL ENGINEERING

Should have a basic knowledge on

IC engines, their working cycle,

types of fuels used and their

properties, performance testing of

IC engines etc.

IV

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 The anatomy of the automobile in general

2 To understand the working of different automotive systems and subsystems

3 To update the latest developments in automobiles

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SL NO DESCRIPTION

Bloom’s

Taxonomy

Level

CME463.1 Students will be able to practically identify and explain

different automotive systems and subsystems.

Remember

(level 1)

Understand

(level 2)

CME463.2 Students will be able to understand the principles of

transmission, suspension, steering and braking systems of an

automobile

Understand

(level 2)

CME463.3 Students will be able to investigate the future developments

in the automobile industry

Analyse

(level 4)

CME463.4 Students will be able to interpret the various terminologies Apply


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

used in the automotive industry. (level 3)

CME463.5 Students will be able to analyse the effectiveness of energy

storing and dissipating systems in a vehicle.

Analyse

(level 4)

CME463.6 Students will be able to evaluate the aerodynamic design

parameters of the vehicle and can validate the same.

Evaluate

(level 5)

Create

(level 6)


SL NO

P

O

1

P

O

2

P

O

3

P

O

4

P

O

5

P

O

6

P

O

7

P

O

8

P

O

9

P

O

10

P

O

11

P

O

12

PS

O

1

PS

O

2

PS

O

3

CME463.1 2 - - - - - - - - 3 - 2 - - -

CME463.2 2 - - - - 2 - - - 3 - 2 - - -

CME463.3 - - - - - 3 2 - - 3 - 2 - - -

CME463.4 - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - -

CME463.5 2 2 - - - 2 - 3 - - - - - - -

CME463.6 2 2 3 3 - - 2 - - - - 2 - 2 -

CME463 2 2 3 3 - 2.

33 2 3 - 3 - 2 - 2 -


MAPPING

LOW/MEDIU

M/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME463.1-

PO1 M

Identifying and explaining automobile system requires the

application level knowledge in engineering fundamentals

CME463.1-

PO10 H

With the fundamental knowledge they gained they could

communicate effectively with the engineering community.

CME463.1-

PO12 M

With the knowledge gained they can decide their area of

interest for higher studies.

CME463.2-

PO1 M

Application level knowledge in mechanical engineering is

essential in understanding the principles of transmission,

suspension, steering and braking systems of an automobile

CME463.2-

PO6 H Students will be able to assess the health and safety issues.

CME463.2-

PO10 H


communicate effectively with the engineering community.

CME463.2-

PO12 M



CME463.3-

PO6 M

Students will be able to assess the societal, safety and legal

issues.

CME463.3- M Students will be able to access the impact of the modern


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

PO7 engineering solutions in societal and environmental

contexts.

CME463.3-

PO10 H


communicate effectively with the engineering community &

can effectively prepare reports & documents.

CME463.3-

PO12 M



CME463.4-

PO10 H


communicate effectively with the engineering community &

can effectively prepare reports & documents.

CME463.5-

PO1 M

While learning energy systems(brake and flywheel) they

could apply their knowledge to solve engineering problems

CME463.5-

PO2 M

They will be able to identify problems related to braking

system and flywheel, analyze it and arrive at conclusions.

CME463.5-

PO6 M

With the knowledge gained they can assess the level of

safety of passengers.

CME463.5-

PO8 H

Knowing the principles of braking, he/she never rides a

vehicle in unsafe condition.

CME463.6-

PO1 M

While learning aerodynamic drag, lift etc. they could apply

their knowledge to solve engineering problems.

CME463.6-

PO2 M

With the knowledge gained they could identify, and analyse

complex engineering problems and arrive at substantiated

conclusions.

CME463.6-

PO3 H

They could design solutions for aerodynamic related

problems in automobiles.

CME463.6-

PO4 H

From the experimental data they will be able to interpret the

data and can provide valid conclusions.

CME463.6-

PO7 M

By improvising the design they can improve the effective

use of energy.

CME463.6-

PO12 M

They have a life-long learning in the broadest context of

technological change.



REQUIREMENTS:

SL

NO DESCRIPTION

RELEVENCE

TO PO\PSO

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

1 Technologies related to electric vehicles PO9, PO7,

PO10, PO12

Seminar/

Assignment



MAPPING LOW/MEDIUM/

HIGH JUSTIFICATION

CME463.6-

PSO2 M

Students will be able to apply the principles of design

and analysis in the aerodynamic design of automobiles.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

SL

NO TOPIC

RELEVENCE

TO PO\PSO

1 Latest technologies adopted in various systems in automobile PO3, PO6,

PO10, PO12


1 http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/125106002/

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_auto_parts

3 http://web.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/15-

Suspension_systems_and_components_v2.pdf

4 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension.htm

5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system

6 http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/ResearchInsight/automobile-suspension-systems.asp

7 http://www.tezu.ernet.in/sae/Download/transmission.pdf

8 http://www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/48333701.pdf

9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle


☑CHALK & TALK ☑STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB

RESOURCES

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10.2 COURSE PLAN


1 I Piston: - material for piston, clearances, piston rings, types, need for two

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_auto_parts

http://web.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/15-Suspension_systems_and_components_v2.pdf

http://web.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/15-Suspension_systems_and_components_v2.pdf

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension.htm

http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/ResearchInsight/automobile-suspension-systems.asp

http://www.tezu.ernet.in/sae/Download/transmission.pdf

http://www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/48333701.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

compression rings, oil control ring, piston pin.

2 I Piston for IC engine, piston rings, piston pin, connecting rod, crank shaft,

crank pin, cam shaft, valves

3 I Fly wheel, fluctuation of energy and size of fly wheel, hub and arms, stress

in a fly wheel rim, simple problems.

4 I Petrol fuel injection systems: - comparison petrol injection andcarbureted

fuel supply systems

5 I Comparison –multiport fuel injection (MPFI) and common rail direct

injection (CRDI) systems.

6 I Super charging systems: fundamentals, naturally aspirated engines and

supercharged engines– Turbo charger, turbo lag.

7 I Hybrid cars, safety overview -Formula-I engine technology:overview,

electrical technology, brakes, transmissiontechnology.

8 II

Friction clutch:- fundamentals, driven plate inertia, drivenplate transmitted

torque, driven plate wear –angular drivenplate cushioning and torsional

damping, clutch frictionmaterials, when clutch is worn out.

9 II Pull type diaphragm clutch, multiple diaphragm clutch,multi-plate

hydraulically operated automatic transmission clutch

10 II semi centrifugal clutch, fully automatic centrifugalclutch, and integral

single plate diaphragm clutch.

11 II Need of gear box, resistance to vehicle motion, power to weight ratio

12 II speed operating range-five speed and reversesliding mesh, constant mesh,

and synchromesh gear boxes:-gear synchronization and engagement.

13 II Over drives – hydrodynamic fluid couplings: - efficiencyand torque

capacity

14 II fluid friction coupling- torqueconverters.

15 III Steering:-basic principle of a steering system:- swingingbeam system

16 III Ackermann –over steer and under steer –slip angle, camber, caster etc.

17 III Swivel axis inclination: centre point steering, camber, kingpin inclination,

negative offset, caster, toe-in and toe-out

18 III Steering gear box: - fundamentals screw and nut steeringgear mechanism-

19 III worm and roller type steering gear box –Re-circulating ball nut and rocker

lever

20 III re-circulatingballrack and sector steering gear box– need of power

assistedsteering.

21 III External direct coupled and rack and pinion and integratedsteering power

cylinder, power assisted steering locklimitations

22 IV

Suspension: - suspension geometry, terminology-Macpherson strut friction

and spring offset - suspension rollcenters:-roll centers, roll axis, roll centre

height, shortswing and long arm suspension,

23 IV transverse doublewishbone, parallel trailing double arm and vertical pill


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

strutsuspension, Macpherson strut suspension, semi-trailing armrear

suspension, telescopic suspension.

24 IV

High load beam axle leaf spring, sprung body roll stability.Rear axle beam

suspension- body roll stability analysis:-body roll couple, body roll

stiffness, body over turningcouple

25 IV Body weight transfer, body direct weight transfer couple,body roll couple

distribution, body roll weight transfer,lateral force distribution.

26 IV

Anti roll bars and roll stiffness:- anti roll bar function,operating principle,

anti roll bar action caused by the bodyrolling, single wheel lift -rubber

spring bumper:-bump stopfunction and characteristics, axis inclination.

27 IV Rear suspension: - live rigid axle suspension, non driverearsuspension-

swing arm rear wheel drive independentsuspension.

28 IV Low pivot split axle coil spring wheel drive independentsuspension,

trailing and semi trailing arm rear wheel driveindependent suspension.

29 IV

Transverse double link arm rear wheel drive independentsuspension, De

Dion axle rear wheel suspension -Hydrogen suspension, hydro-pneumatic

automatic heightcorrection suspension.

30 V Brakes:- mechanical and hydraulic brakes (review only) –properties of

friction lining and pad materials, efficiency, stopping distance

31 V theory of internal shoe brake, equations –effect of expanding mechanism of

shoes on total brakingtorque, equations.

32 V

Braking vehicles:- brakes applied on rear, front and all fourwheels,

equations –calculation of mean lining pressure andheat generation during

braking operation

33 V

equations –calculation of mean lining pressure and heat generation during

braking operation equations. –braking of vehicle moving on curved path,

simpleproblems.

34 V Anti Lock Braking system (ABS):- need and advantages ofABS – hydro-

mechanical ABS - hydro-electric ABS -air-electric ABS.

35 V

Brake servos: - operating principle, vacuum servo – directacting suspended

vacuum assisted brake servo unitoperation - hydraulic servo assisted brake

systems.

36 V

Pneumatic operated disc brakes – air operated brakesystems: - air over

hydraulic brake system - Three linebrake system-– electronic-pneumatic

brakes.

37 VI Aerodynamic drag: pressure drag, air resistance, opposingmotion of a

vehicle, equations, after flow wake

38 VI Dragcoefficients, various body shapes, base drag, vortices,trailing vortex

drag, attached transverse vortices.

39 VI Aerodynamic lift:-lift coefficients, vehicle lift, underbodyfloor height

versus aerodynamic lift and drag

40 VI aerofoilliftand drag, front end nose shape.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

41 VI

Car body drag reduction:-profile edge chamfering, bonnet slope and wind

screen rake, roof and side panel chamfering,rear side panel taper,

underbody rear end upward taper, rearend tail extension, underbody

roughness

42 VI

Aerodynamic lift control:- underbody dams, exposed wheelair flow pattern,

partial enclosed wheel air flow pattern, rearend spoiler, negative lift

aerofoil wings.

43 VI After body drag: - square back drag, fast back drag, hatchback drag, notch

back drag.


Module 1

1. Describe the various qualities of an automotive piston.

2. Discuss the various functions piston in an automobile cylinder.

3. What is piston clearance? Why it is necessary?

4. With the help of suitable sketches explain the constructional features of various types of

piston rings.

5. Explain with simple line sketches the working of compression and oil control rings.

6. Describe the functions of I. C. Engine connecting rod.

7. Explain the function and construction of an I.C. Engine crank shaft.

8. Why do some connecting rods have hole drilled from the small end to the big end

bearings?

9. Why poppet valve is so called? Why a poppet valve sometimes called a mushroom

valve?

10. What is the function of camshaft?

11. How does the piston head shape affect engine performance?

12. What are skirt, land, and crown in a piston?

13. What is the function of piston skirt?

14. Name the best known aluminum alloys for automotive pistons.

15. Explain in detail about the various types of materials used for manufacturing piston.

16. What is the advantage of a cast steel piston?

17. What are the functions of piston rings?

18. Which type of ring end gap is most commonly used?

19. State any two materials used for piston rings.

20. What advantage is obtained by having phosphate coating over the piston rings?

21. State the advantages of chrome plating the piston rings.

22. What advantage is obtained by using stainless steel for piston rings?

23. How many rings are usually there on a piston of a automotive engine?

24. Why are a minimum of two compression rings required on a piston?

25. What functions are performed by a compression ring?

26. What advantage is obtained by having a tapered external face for a piston ring?

27. What is the function of a connecting rod?

28. Why should the connecting rod be lighter yet strong?

29. Name any two materials used for connecting rods.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

30. Give a comparison between MPFI and CRDI system.

31. Explain fuel injection in SI engines.

32. With the help of a neat sketch explain CRDI.

33. Give a note on supercharged engines and naturally aspirated engines.

34. Explain the construction and operating principle of a turbocharger.

35. What is turbo lag?

36. Write a detail note on hybrid cars.

37. What is supercharging and how is it achieved in automotive IC engines?

38. Explain the braking system in Formula 1.

39. Which engine is more suited to supercharging, Si engine or CI engine?

40. What do you mean by CRDI? How does it improve the efficiency of the engine?

41. Make a sectioned sketch of a petrol engine piston and name its various parts.

42. A 2.2 kW, 960 rpm motor powers the cam driven ram of a press through a gearing of 6:1

ratio. The rated capacity of the press is 20 kN and has a stroke of 200 mm. Assuming

that the cam driven ram is capable of delivering the rated load at a constant velocity

during the last 15% of a constant velocity stroke. Design a suitable flywheel that can

maintain a coefficient of Speed fluctuation of 0.02. Assume that the maximum

diameterof the flywheel is not to exceed 0.6m.

43. A single-cylinder, four- stroke oil engine develops 25 kW at 300 rpm. The work done by

the gases during expansion stroke is 2.3 times the work done on the gases during

compression stroke and the work done during the suction and exhaust strokes is

negligible. If the turning moment diagram during expansion is assumed to be triangular

in shape and the speed is to be maintained within 1% of the meanspeed, find the moment

of inertia of the flywheel.

44. The following data refers to a single-cylinder four cycle diesel engine speed = 2500 rpm,

stroke = 25cm, diameter of cylinder = 21 cm, length of connecting rod = 44 cm, CG of

connecting rod is 18 cm from crank pin center, time for 60 complete swings of the

connecting rod about piston pin = 72 s, mass of connecting rod = 4.5 kg, mass of piston

with rings = 2.5 kg, equivalent mass of crank at crank radius = 2 kg, counterbalance mass

of the crank at crank radius = 2 kg, piston pin, crank pin and main bearing diameters 2, 8

and 8 cm respectively. The indicator card is assumed as an idealised diesel cycle, which

can be described as follows: The compression starts with an initial pressure of 0.1 MPa

and the law of compression curve is given by the exponent 1.4. The compression ratio is

16. The fuel is admitted for 30% of the stroke, at constant pressure and the expansion

law is given by the exponent 1.4, which takes place at the end of the stroke. The exhaust

and suction takes place at constant pressure of 0.1 MPa.Suggest a suitable flywheel for

this engine if the coefficient of fluctuation of speed is 0.03.

Module 2

1. What is the function of an automobile clutch? Name the various types of clutches used in

automobiles.

2. Explain different types of materials used for linings in clutches.

3. Explain the construction and working of Pull type diaphragm clutch..


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

4. Explain the construction and working of Multiplate diaphragm type clutch.

5. Explain the construction and working of Multiplate hydraulically operated automatic

transmission clutches.

6. Explain the construction and working of Semi Centrifugal Clutch.

7. Explain the construction and working fully automatic centrifugal clutch.

8. Explain the construction and working Composite flywheel and integral single plate

diaphragm clutch.

9. Explain the necessity of gear box in automobiles?

10. What are the various forces that act on a moving vehicle?

11. Explain vehicle drag.

12. Define coefficient of rolling resistance.

13. Explain the term rolling resistance.

14. What are the factors that affect rolling resistance?

15. Explain the term grad ability and draw bar pull.

16. Explain the construction and working of Hydrokinetic fluid couplings.

17. What is a torque converter? Why it is used in some vehicles?

18. What is an overdrive unit? Mention its advantages.

19. Describe the principle of a torque converter. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

20. Discuss the advantages of a constant mesh gear box over the sliding mesh type.

21. Explain the working of Sliding mesh gear box.

22. Explain the working of Constant mesh gear box.

23. Explain the construction and working of five speed and reverse double stage s

synchromesh gearbox.

24. Explain the construction and workingof five speed and reverse single stage synchromesh

gearbox.

25. Explain Hydrokinetic fluid coupling efficiency and torque capacity.

26. Explain Hydrokinetic three clement torque converter.

Module 3

1. State the requirements of a good steering system.

2. What are the functions of steering system?

3. Define camber, SAI and castor.

4. What is center point steering?

5. What is slip angle?

6. Define understeer and oversteer.

7. Explain with the help of neat and labeled sketches the significance of the following?

Camber

Caster

Kingpin inclination

Toe in

Toe out

8. Explain the principle of Ackerman Steering Mechanism.

9. What does steering axis inclination mean? What is its effect on steering system.

10. Describe with the help of a neat sketch Worm and roller type steering gearbox.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

11. Describe with the help of a neat sketch Recirculating ball nut and rocker lever steering

gearbox.

12. Explain Recirculating hall rack and seem steering gear box.

13. Describe with the help of a neat sketch

14. What is the necessity of a power steering? Describe in detail with the help of a sketch the

working of power steering in common use.

15. Explain Power assisted steering lock limiters.

Module 4

1. Briefly explain the suspension geometry.

2. What is Roll center and Roll axis? With the help of a neat sketch determine the roll

center height.

3. Derive the roll center height for short swing arm suspension.

4. With the help of a neat sketch explain Long swing arm suspension.

5. With the help of a neat sketch explainTransverse double wishbone suspension.

6. With the help of a neat sketch explainParallel trailing double arm and vertical pillar strut

suspension.

7. With the help of a neat sketch explainMacPherson strut suspension.

8. With the help of a neat sketch explainSemi-trailing arm rear suspension.

9. With the help of a neat sketch explain telescopic suspension.

10. With the help of a neat sketch explainRigid axle beam suspension.

11. ExplainBody roll stability analysis.

12. With the help of neat sketches explain:

Body roll couple

Body roll stiffness

Body overturning couple

Body roll weight transfer

Body direct weight transfer couple

Body roll couple distribution

Body roll weight transfer

Lateral (side) force distribution

13. Explain anti-roll bars.

14. Explain live rigid axle rear suspension.

15. Explain Swing arm rear wheel drive independent suspension.

16. ExplainLow pivot split axle coil spring rear wheel drive independent suspension.

17. Explain Trailing arm rear wheel drive independent suspension.

18. ExplainSemi-trailing arm rear wheel drive independent suspension.

19. ExplainTransverse double link arm rear wheel drive independent suspension.

20. Explain DeDion axle rear wheel drive suspension.

21. Explain Hydrogen interconnected suspension.

22. Explain Hydropneumatic automatic height correction suspension.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

Module 5

1. What is the principle of automotive brakes?

2. What is the basics of defining braking efficiency?

3. What should be the minimum stopping distance for a car running at 80kmh?

4. What is the usual percentage of total braking effort provided at the front wheels and

why?

5. Derive the equation for finding

(a) brakes applied on rear,

(b) brakes applied on front

(c) brakes applied on all four wheels

6. What is a servo brake?

7. What do you understand from the term ‘Servo action’ in brakes? How is it achieved?

8. What is an abs?

9. Derive the equation for finding the mean lining pressure and heat generated during

braking operation.

10. How is the vacuum from the engine intake manifold is utilized to actuate the vehicle

brakes? Explain with neat and labeled line diagrams.

11. Briefly describe the main features of an air brake system.

12. What are the various types of power brakes? Discuss their merits and demerits.

13. Explain

(a) hydro-mechanical ABS

(b) hydro-electric ABS

(c) air-electric ABS.

14. Explain the working of direct acting suspended vacuum assisted brake servo unit.

15. A car weighs 13kN and has a wheel base of 2.5 meters. The center of gravity of the car is

1.2m in front of the rear axle and 800 cm above the ground level. The car is having

brakes on all four wheels. The coefficient of adhesion between the road and the wheels is

0.5. If the car is moving up an incline of angle whose sine is equal to 0.1, calculate: (a)

load distribution between front and rear axles. (b) distance at which it can be stopped

while going at a speed of 50 kmh when only rear wheel brakes are used.

Module 6

1. Explain pressure drag. How can it be reduced?

2. Derive the formula for calculating the opposing resistance of a body passing through air.

3. What is after flow wake?

4. What is drag coefficient? Explain it for different body shapes.

5. With the help of a neat sketch, explain vehicle lift.

6. With the help of neat sketches, explain aerofoil lift and drag.

7. With the help of neat sketches explain the air flow movement over various front end nose

shapes.

8. Discuss the effects of following in car body drag reduction:

(a) profile edge chamfering,

(b) Bonnet slope and wind screen rake

(c) roof and side panel chamfering

(d) rear side panel taper

(e) underbody rear end upward taper

(f) rear end tail extension

(g) Underbody roughness.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

9. With the help of neat sketches explain the effects of following in aerodynamic lift

control.

(a) underbody dams

(b) exposed wheel air flow pattern

(c) partial enclosed wheel air flow pattern

(d) rear end spoiler

(e) negative lift aerofoil wings.

10. Explain :square back drag, fast back drag, hatch back drag and notch back drag.


Mr. Jibin Noble Dr.Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 467 Cryogenic Engineering S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

11. ME 467 CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING

11.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET PROGRAMME:MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE:CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SEMESTER: 7 CREDITS:3

COURSE CODE:ME467

REGULATION:2016

COURSE TYPE:ELECTIVE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:THERMAL &

FLUID SCIENCES

CONTACT HOURS:3(LECTURE)


(IF ANY):NIL

LAB COURSE NAME:NA

SYLLABUS:


I

Introduction to Cryogenic Systems, Historical development, Low

Temperature properties of Engineering Materials, Mechanical

properties- Thermal properties- Electric and magnetic properties –

Cryogenic fluids and their properties.

Applications of Cryogenics: Applications in space, Food Processing,

super conductivity, Electrical Power, Biology, Medicine, Electronics

and Cutting Tool Industry. Low temperature properties of engineering

materials.

8

II

Liquefaction systems ideal system, Joule Thomson expansion,

Adiabatic expansion, Linde Hampson Cycle, Claude & Cascaded

System, Magnetic Cooling, Stirling Cycle Cryo Coolers.

7

III

Gas liquefaction systems: Introduction-Production of low

temperatures-General Liquefaction systems- Liquefaction systems for

Neon. Hydrogen and Helium –Critical components of Liquefaction

systems.

6

IV

Cryogenic Refrigeration systems: Ideal Refrigeration systems-

Refrigeration using liquids and gases as refrigerant- Refrigerators

using solids as working media.

6

V

Cryogenic fluid storage and transfer systems: Cryogenic Storage

vessels and Transportation, Thermal insulation and their performance

at cryogenic temperatures, Super Insulations, Vacuum insulation,

Powder insulation, Cryogenic fluid transfer systems.

8

VI

Cryogenic instrumentation, Pressure flow-level and temperature

measurements. Types of heat exchangers used in cryogenic

systems(only description with figure) Cryo pumping Applications.

7


COURSE HANDOUT: S7



T1 J. H. Boll Jr, Cryogenic Engineering

T2 R. B. Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand Co., 1959

T3 Randal F.Barron, Cryogenic systems, McGraw Hill, 1986

R1 Klaus D.Timmerhaus and Thomas M.Flynn, Cryogenic Process Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, 1989.



ME205 Thermodynamics Laws of thermodynamics, property relations 3

ME302 Heat and mass transfer Modes of heat transfer 6

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To provide the knowledge of evolution of low temperature science

2 To provide knowledge on the properties of materials at low temperature

3 To familiarize with various gas liquefaction and refrigeration systems and to provide design aspects

of cryogenic storage and transfer lines

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl. NO DESCRIPTION Blooms’

Taxomomy Level

CME467.1

To gain knowledge and to understandthe scope and history of

cryogenics. To understandthe properties of materials at low

temperatureapplying fundamental knowledge.

Knowledge

Understand

Apply

Level 1, 2&3

CME467.2

Toapply the knowledge of low temperature production methods

tounderstand and analysedifferent liquefaction systems. To

gain knowledge about the critical components involved in

liquefaction.

Knowledge

Understand

Apply

Analyse

Level 1, 2, 3& 4


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME467.3

To apply the knowledge of ideal refrigeration techniques, to

understand and analyse common cryogenic refrigeration

systems. To understand some of the novel cryogenic

refrigeration methods.

Knowledge

Understand

Apply

Analyse

Level 1, 2, 3 & 4

CME467.4

To gain knowledge and tounderstandvarious cryogenic fluid

storage and transport systems and toevaluate their performance

applyingfundamental concepts

Knowledge

Understand

Apply

Analyze

Level 1, 2, 3& 4

CME467.5

To gain knowledgeabout different cryogenic instrumentation

and to understand cryo pumping.

Knowledge

Understand

Level 1& 2


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME467.1 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME467.2 3 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 2 -

CME467.3 3 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 2 -

CME467.4 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 2 -

CME467.5 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 - -




CME467.1-PO1 L

Students apply the knowledge of science to understand cryogenic

properties, which could help them in solving complex problems related

to low temperature.

CME467.1-PO2 M Students will be able to reach substantiated conclusions about low

temperature properties from basic principles.

CME467.2-PO1 H

Students learn to apply fundamental knowledge of thermodynamic

principles to solve problems related to liquefaction systems.

CME467.2-PO2 M

Students learn to analyse problems related to liquefaction to reach useful

conclusions.

CME467.2-PO3 L Enables design of liquefaction systems.

CME467.3-PO1 H

Students learn to apply fundamental knowledge of thermodynamic

principles to solve cryogenic refrigeration problems.

CME467.3-PO2 M

Students learn to analyse problems related to cryogenic refrigeration to

reach useful conclusions.

CME467.3-PO3 L Enables design of cryogenic refrigeration systems.

CME467.4-PO1 M

Students learn to apply fundamental knowledge of thermodynamics and

heat transfer to understand cryogenic storage and transfer systems,

which could help them in solving low temperature storage problems.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME467.4-PO2 M

Fundamental knowledge of thermodynamics and heat transfer is applied

to reach conclusions about the performance of cryogenic storage

systems.

CME467.4-PO3 L Enables design/development of cryogenic storage systems.

CME467.5-PO1 L

Fundamental knowledge is applied to understand cryogenic

instrumentation and cryo pumping, which they could apply in real


CME467.5-PO2 L Conclusions are made from first principles about cryogenic

measurements.

CME467.5-PO3 L Enables development of cryogenic systems.



CME467.1-

PSO1 M

Gives knowledge in low temperature properties of materials and

fluids that could be used to solve cryogenic engineering problems.

CME467.2-

PSO1 H

Gives knowledge in the fundamentals of low temperature production

andcryogenic liquefaction systems that could be used to solve


CME467.2-

PSO2 M Enables design and analysis of cryogenic liquefaction systems.

CME467.3-

PSO1 H

Gives knowledge in cryogenic refrigeration systems that could be

used to solve engineering problems involving such systems.

CME467.3-

PSO2 M Enables design and analysis of cryogenic refrigeration systems.

CME467.4-

PSO1 H

Gives knowledge in various cryogenic storage and transport systems

that could be used to solve problems pertaining to cryogenic

engineering.

CME467.4-

PSO2 M Enables design and analysis of cryogenic storage systems.

CME467.5-

PSO1 M

Gives knowledge in cryogenic instrumentation that could aid in

solving engineering problems in cryogenics.

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: NIL


1 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112101004/1

2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gGMBNEzeuc


☑ CHALK & TALK ☑STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑WEB RESOURCES



COURSE HANDOUT: S7


☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☑ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☑ UNIV. EXAMINATION


☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS


☑ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,

ONCE) ☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (ONCE)


11.2 COURSE PLAN DAY MODULE TOPIC PLANNED

1

I

Review of thermodynamic principles

2 Introduction to cryogenic systems, historical development

3 Applications of cryogenics

4 Low Temperature properties of Engineering Materials



7 Cryogenic fluids and their properties

8 Cryogenic fluids and their properties

9

II

Liquefaction systems: ideal system

10 Joule Thomson expansion,Adiabatic expansion

11 Linde Hampson Cycle

12 Claude & CascadedSystem

13 Magnetic Cooling

14 Stirling Cycle Cryo Coolers

15 Tutorial

16

III

General Liquefaction systems

17 General Liquefaction systems

18 Liquefaction systems for Neon. Hydrogen and Helium

19 Liquefaction systems for Neon. Hydrogen and Helium

20 Critical components of Liquefaction systems

21 Critical components of Liquefaction systems

22 IV

Ideal Refrigeration systems

23 Refrigeration using liquids and gases as refrigerant


COURSE HANDOUT: S7



26 Refrigerators using solids as working media

27 Refrigerators using solids as working media

28

V

Cryogenic Storage vessels and Transportation

29 Cryogenic Storage vessels and Transportation

30 Thermal insulation and their performance at cryogenic temperatures

31 Thermal insulation and their performance at cryogenic temperatures

32 Super Insulations

33 Vacuum insulation

34 Powder insulation

35 Cryogenic fluid transfer systems

36

VI

Cryogenic instrumentation

37 Cryogenic instrumentation

38 Cryogenic instrumentation

39 Cryogenic heat exchangers

40 Cryogenic heat exchangers

41 Cryo pumping

42 Tutorial

11.3 MODULE-WISE QUESTIONS

MODULE 1

1. Discuss the mechanical properties of materials at low temperatures

2. Show the variation of ductility of any two materials as a function of temperature on a graph

3. Explain the difference between ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen

4. Write short note on application of cryogenics in medicine.

5. What is inversion temperature.

6. Discuss the application of cryogenics in food processing.

7. Explain super conductivity.

8. Explain the thermal properties of materials at cryogenic temperatures.

9. Explain the properties of cryogenic fluids

10. explain the variation of fatigue strength and impact strength of materials in cryogenic

temperature range. Support with suitable graphs.

11. Describe different molecular forms of hydrogen.

12. Discuss application of cryogenics in rocket propulsion and in space technology.

13. Explain cryosurgery and cryopreservation.

14. Explain the role of cryogenics in biology.

15. Explain super fluidity with the help of neat diagram.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

16. Discuss the chronology of cryogenic technology.

17. Discuss the properties of He isotopes at cryogenic range.

MODULE 2

1. Define Liquefaction process

2. What do you mean by magnetic refrigeration system?

3. Explain Joule Thomson and isothermal expansion process, efficiency to liquefaction, coefficient

of performance, irreversibility and losses.

4. Explain Claude system of liquefaction with T- S diagram. Derive the expression for liquid yield

and work requirement.

5. What is the influence of regenerator effectiveness in Philips refrigerator

6. What are the limitations of simple Linde-Hampson system?

7. Explain how a cascade system can be used to produce liquid Nitrogen.

MODULE 3

1. Explain about the working of a precooled Linde-Hampson system with suitable diagram for

Neon and Hydrogen.

2. Determine the liquid yield, the amount of Nitrogen boiled away per unit mass of Hydrogen

liquefied and work required per unit mass of Hydrogen liquefied for a pre-cooled Linde-

Hampson system operating from 101.3 kPa and 300 K to 5.066 MPa. The Nitrogen bath is at

temperature of 70 K corresponding to a saturation pressure 38.5 kPa.

3. Explain Collins He liquefaction system.

4. Explain briefly about general liquefaction systems.

5. Explain liquefaction systems for Neon.

MODULE 4

1. Explain adiabatic demagnetisation process with the help of a neat sketch.

2. Explain ideal refrigeration systems.

3. Derive an expression for COP of Carnot Refrigerator.

4. Explain about refrigeration system working on adiabatic demagnetisation method.

5. Describe Gifford-McMahon refrigerator with neat sketches and explain the T-S diagram.

6. Explain thermodynamically ideal isobaric-source systems

7. Explain Vuilleumier refrigerator with a neat schematic sketch. Draw T-S diagram for ideal

Vuilleumier refrigerator and list out its advantages.

8. Explain refrigerators using solids as working media.

9. Show the refrigerators using liquids with neat block diagram.

10. Explain short note on cryocoolers.

MODULE 5

1. Explain types of cryogenic fluid transfer systems

2. Explain cryogenic fluid storage vessels with neat sketches.

3. Briefly explain about the basic design parameters of cryogenic fluid storage vessels.

4. Discriminate the importance of insulation. Mention and explain the different types of Cryogenic

Insulation.

5. Summarize about the Storage systems for Cryogenic Liquids.

6. What is super insulation? Explain.

7. Appraise how a cryogenic liquid can be transferred from the storage place (Transfer Systems)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

MODULE 6

1. Write notes on cryo pumping.

2. What are the heat exchanger configurations of liquefaction system?

3. Explain different temperature measurement methods at cryogenic temperatures.

4. Write a note on Electric resistance gauges for liquid-level measurement.

5. Explain Magnetic thermometer.


Akash James Dr. Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 471 Optimization Techniques S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

12. OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

12.1 Course Information Sheet


ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE: Optimization Techniques SEMESTER: 7CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE:ME471

REGULATION: 2016

COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

Operations research

CONTACT HOURS:3(LECTURE) HOUR/WEEK

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE

CODE (IF ANY):NIL

LAB COURSE NAME:NIL

SYLLABUS:


I

Review of linear programming–revised simplex method – Dual

simplex method – Sensitivityanalysis – changes affecting feasibility –

changesaffecting optimality

7

II

Integer programming – importance – applications – Branchand bound

technique – Gomory’scutting plane method – Solution to travelling

salesman problem

7

III

Network models – minimal spanning tree problem – PRIM’salgorithm

– Kruskal’s algorithm – Shortest route problem –applications –

Systematic method – Dijkstra’s algorithm – Floyd’s algorithm

7

IV

Goal programming – goal programming formulation – application –

Simplexmethod for solving goal programming – Dynamic

programming – terminologies – forward and backwardrecursion –

applications – Shortestpath problems

7

V

Nonlinear programming – convex, quasi-convex, concave andunimodal

functions – theory of constrained optimization – Lagrangeanmethod –

Kuhn – Tuckerconditions

7

VI Non-traditional optimization – computational complexity – 7


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

Introduction to metaheuristics – areas of application – Genetic

algorithm (GA) – terminologies – steps and examples – Tabusearch

(TS) – steps and examples – Simulated annealing (SA) – steps and

examples – Antcolony optimization (ACO) – steps and examples –

ParticleSwarm Optimization (PSO) – Steps and examples


T1 Miller, D. M. and Schmidt, J. W., Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, John

Wiley & Sons, Singapore, 1990

T2 Paneerselvam, R., Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008.

T3 Pannerselvam, R., Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,

2007 T4 Taha, H. A., Operations Research, Pearson, 2004

R1 Banks, J., Carson, J. S., Nelson, B. L., and Nicol, D. M., Discrete-Event System Simulation, Third Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., 2001

. R2 Goel, B. S. and Mittal, S. K., Operations Research, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 1999.

R3 Ravindran, Phillips and Solberg, Operations Research Principles and Practice, Willey & Sons, 1987

R4 Srinivasan, G., Operations Research-Principles and Applications, latest edition, PHI Pvt. Ltd.



ME372 Operations Research

LPP, TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM,

GAME THEORY AND DECISION

ANALYSYS

6

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To learn the various optimization techniques for effective decision making

COURSE OUTCOMES:


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

Sl. NO DESCRIPTION

Blooms’

Taxomomy

Level

CME471.1 To understand the idea behind LPP and analyse the sensitivity Analyse

Level 3

CME471.2 Apply the idea of LPP in travelling salesman problem Understand

Application

Level 3 CME471.3 To solve network related problems. Application

Level 3

CME471.4 Solve goal programming problem with LPP and understanding

dynamic programming

Understand

And

Application

Level 2 and 3

CME471.5 To solve non-linear optimization problems Knowledge

Level 3 CME471.6 Understanding non-traditional optimization method Understanding

Level 4


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

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PO

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PO

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PO

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PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

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CME471.1 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471.2 3 2 - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471.3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471.4 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471.5 3

- - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471.6 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CME471 3 2 2 2 - 2 - -

4- Low correlation (Low), 2- Medium correlation (Medium), 3-High correlation (High)

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO and CO-PSO MAPPING


CME471.1

PO1 3 Mathematical modelling using LPP

PO2 3 Analysing problem related to linear programming

PO3 2 Applied for any linear optimization problems


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

PSO1 2 Applied for any linear optimization problems

CME471.2

PO1 3 Mathematical modelling using LPP

PO2 2 Analysing problem related to integer linear programming

PO4 2 TSP is solved using LPP

PSO1 2 Applied for any discrete linear optimization problems

CME471.3

PO1 3 Mathematical modelling of network is needed

PO2 2 Analysing the network and finding conclusion

PSO1 2 Applied for any Network related problems

CME471.4

PO1 3 Mathematical modelling of goal programming

PSO1 2 Determine the required resources to achieve a desired set of

objectives.

CME471.5

PO1 3 Mathematical modelling with non-linear objectives

PSO1 2 Applied wherever the nonlinearity optimization needed

CME471.6

PO1 3 Solving optimization problems using non-traditional methods

PSO1 2 Used in various field where optimization needed with NP-hard

traditional methods


SI

NO DESCRIPTION

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1

NIL NIL - -


1 www.nptel.ac.in


☑ CHALK& TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB RESOURCES


http://www.nptel.ac.in/


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


☑ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☑ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☑ UNIV. EXAMINATION



☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,

ONCE) ☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)


12.2 COURSE PLAN


1

I

Review of linear programming

2 Revised linear programming

3 Dual Simplex method

4 Dual Simplex method- Problems

5 Sensitivity analysis

6 Changes affecting feasibility

7 Changes affecting optimality

8

II

Integer programming – importance and applications

9 Branch and bound technique-Theory and problems

10 Branch and bound technique- Problems

11 Gomory’s cutting plane method- Theory and problems

12 Gomory’s cutting plane method- Problems

13 Travelling salesman problem-Introduction

14 Solution to travelling salesman problem

15

III

Network models – minimal spanning tree problem

16 PRIM’s algorithm

17 Kruskal’s algorithm

18 Shortest route problem –applications

19 Systematic method

20 Dijkstra’s algorithm

21 Floyd’s algorithm

22

IV

Goal programming - Applications

23 Formulations

24 Simplex method for solving goal programming

25 Problems

26 Dynamic programming – terminologies

27 Forward and backward recursion –applications


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

28 Shortest path problems

29

V

Nonlinear programming

30 Convex, quasi-convex, concave and unimodal functions

31 Theory of constrained optimization

32 Lagrangean method

33 Problems

34 Kuhn-Tucker conditions

35 Problems

36

VI

Nontraditional optimization – computational complexity

37 Introduction to metaheuristics – areas of application

38 Genetic algorithm (GA) – terminologies – steps and examples

39 Tabu search (TS) – steps and examples

40 Simulated annealing (SA) – steps and examples

41 Ant colony optimization (ACO) – steps and examples

42 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-Steps and examples


Module 1

1. Solve the following problem using revised simplex method: max 𝑧 = 3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 ; subject

to −2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 ≤ 9, 𝑥1 − 5𝑥2 ≥ −20, 𝑥1, 𝑥2 ≥ 0

2. Solve the following problem using revised simplex method: min 𝑧 = 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 ; subject

to 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 = 3, 3𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 ≥ 6, 2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 3, 𝑥1, 𝑥2 ≥ 0

3. Solve the following problem using dual simplex method: min 𝑧 = 3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ; subject to

3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≥ 4, 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ≥ 0, 𝑥1𝑥2 ≥ 0

4. Solve the following problem using dual simplex method: max 𝑧 = −𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3

subject to 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 ≤ 10, 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 ≥ 6, 𝑥1 ≥ 2, 𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3 ≥ 0

5. In how many ways a sensitivity analysis could be carried out?

6. Explain the changes effecting feasibility.

7. Explain the changes effecting optimality.

Module 2

1. What are the applications of integer programming?

2. Distinguish between integer programming problem and linear programming problem?

3. Solve the following integer LPP optimally: max 𝑧 = 8𝑥1 + 6𝑥2 + 10𝑥3 subject to 8𝑥1 +4𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≤ 155, 3𝑥1 + 6𝑥2 + 12𝑥3 ≤ 135, 𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3 ≥ 0 and integers.

4. Solve the following integer LPP using branch and bound technique: max 𝑧 = 6𝑥1 + 5𝑥2

subject to 4𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 ≤ 22, 5𝑥1 + 8𝑥2 ≤ 30, 𝑥1, 𝑥2 ≥ 0 and integers.

5. Solve the following using Gomory’s cutting plane algorithm: max 𝑧 = 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2; subject

to 2𝑥2 ≤ 7, 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≥ 7, 2𝑥2 ≥ 11, 𝑥1, 𝑥2 ≥ 0 and integers.

6. Write a mathematical model of TSP.

Module 3

1. What is a shortest path problem? Give some of its practical application.

2. Consider the details of a distance network as shown below:

Arc Distance Arc Distance Arc Distance Arc Distance


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

1-2 8 3-6 6 1-3 5 4-5 8

1-4 7 4-6 12 1-5 16 5-8 7

2-3 15 6-8 9 2-6 3 6-9 15

2-7 4 7-9 12 3-4 5 8-9 6

a) Construct a distance network.

b) Find the shortest path from 1 to Node 9 using the systematic method.

c) Find the shortest path from Node 1 to Node 9 using Dijkshtra’s algorithm.

3. Find the minimum spanning tree of the network given in question 2 using PRIM

algorithm.

4. Consider the distance Network which is given network which is given in question 2 and

find the minimum spanning tree using Krushkal’s algorithm.

5. Apply Floyd’s algorithm and obtain the final matrices, 𝐷5 and 𝑃5.

Arc Distance Arc Distance Arc Distance Arc Distance

1-2 3 1-3 8 1-4 10 2-3 4

2-4 7 3-4 2 3-5 8 4-5 6

Module 4

1. What is goal programming? Distinguish it from linear programming.

2. List and explain different applications of Goal programming.

3. A company produces two kinds of product, X and Y. Production of either X or Y

requires 2 hours of production capacity in the plant. The plant has maximum production

capacity of 20 hours per week. The overtime hour should not exceed 4 hour/week. The

plant manager has set following goals arranged in the order of importance:

a. To avoid any underutilization of production capacity.

b. To limit the overtime hours to 4 hours

c. To minimize the overtime operation of the plant as much as possible.

Formulate this as a goal programming program and then solve as much as possible.

4. What are deviational variables? How do they differ from decision variables in traditional

LPP?

5. Define the following dynamic programming terms: a) Stage b) State variable c) Decision

variable c) Immediate return e) optimal return f) state transformation function.

6. What is the dynamic recursive relation? Describe the general process of backward

recursion.

7. A distance network consists of 9 nodes which are distributed as shown in Question 2 in

Module 3. Find the shortest path from Node 1 to 9 and the corresponding distance.

Module 5

1. State the Kuhn-Tucker necessary and sufficient condition in non-linear programming.

2. List different types of non-linear programming problems. Also, explain their application

areas.

3. Define the following types of function: a) convex b) quasi-convex c) concave d)

unimodal.

4. Solve the following non-linear programming problem using Lagrangean multiplier

method: min 𝑧 = 4𝑥12 + 2𝑥2

2 + 𝑥32 − 4𝑥1𝑥2subject to 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 15, 2𝑥1 − 𝑥2 +

2𝑥3 = 20, 𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3 ≥ 0

5. Solve the following nonlinear programming problem using Kuhn-Tucker conditions

max 𝑧 = 8𝑥1 + 10𝑥2 − 𝑥12 − 𝑥2

2 subject to, 3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 ≤ 6, 𝑥1, 𝑥2 ≥ 0

Module 6

1. What do you mean by meta-heuristic? Distinguish it from single pass heuristic.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

2. Discuss the underlying principle of simulated annealing.

3. What do you mean by perturbation scheme in simulated annealing? List and explain

different perturbation schemes.

4. Explain the following terminologies: chromosome, gene, population, allele, generation,

offspring, schema, crossover, mutation and selection.

5. Give the steps of the Genetic algorithm.

6. Give the steps of the tabu search.

7. Discuss the underlying principle of the ant colony optimization algorithm.

8. Give steps of the ACO algorithm.

9. Give steps of the ACO algorithm.

10. Define the terms: P, NP, NPC and NPH


Shyam Sunder Iyer Dr. Thankachan T Pullan

(Faculty) (HOD)

ME 431 Mechanical Engineering Lab S7 ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

13. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB

13.1 COURSE INFORMATIONSHEET


ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LAB

SEMESTER:8 CREDITS: 2

COURSE CODE: ME 431 UNIVERSTY:KTU UNIVERSITY

REGULATION:2015

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

APPLIED

MECHANICS,THERMAL

SYSTEMS

COURSE TYPE:CORE

CORRESPONDING THEORYCOURSE

CODE: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER&

MECHANICSOFMACHINERY

CONTACT HOURS:6Lab Hours/Week.

SYLLABUS: UNIT DETAIL

S

HOURS

List of experiments:

Hear transfer

1. Determination of LMTD and effectiveness of parallel flow, Counter flow

and cross flow heat

exchangers( double pipe heat exchanger)

2. Determination of heat transfer coefficients in free convection(free convection apparatus)

3. Determination of heat transfer coefficients in forced convection (forced

convection apparatus)

4. Determination of thermal conductivity of solids(composite wall) 5. Determination of thermal conductivity of powder

6. Determination of emissivity of a specimen (emissivity apparatus)

7. Determination of Stefan Boltzman constant (Stefan Boltzmann

apparatus) 8. Study and performance test on refrigeration (Refrigeration Test rig)

9. Study and performance test air conditioning equipment(air conditioning

test rig)

10. Performance study on heat pipe(Heat pipe) 11. Calibration of Thermocouples

12. Calibration of Pressure gauge

Dynamics

13. Gyroscope 14. Universal governor apparatus

15. Free vibration analysis


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: T/R BOOKTITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

R1 TheoryofMachines- P.L.Ballaney

R2 Mechanical Vibrations,Vedition- G.K.Groover

R3 TheoryofVibrationswith applications,IIIEdn- W.T. Thomson

R4 Mechanical Vibrations-S.Graham Kelly,Schaum’s outlines

R5 Heat Transfer- P.K.Nag,1st ed.,Tata McGraw-Hill

R6 Thermal Engineering- P.L.Ballaney,Khannapublishers

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

BE 100 ENGINEERINGMECHANICS

To have basic knowledge in statics,

dynamics,forceanalysis.

1

MA 202 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION, TRANSFORMS,AND NUMERICAL METHODS

Fouriertransforms 4

ME 304 DYNAMICSOFMACHINERY

Basic knowledge in mechanical

vibrations

6

ME 301 MECHANICSOFMACHINERY

Basicknowledgeintheorybehindthe

workingofgovernorsandgyroscopes

5

ME 322 HEATANDMASSTRANSFER

Basicknowledgeaboutmodesofheat

transfer

6

COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1 To understand the method of staticforce analysisand dynamicforceanalysisof

Mechanism

2 To understand the principles of governors.

3 To understand the different modes of heat transfer

4 To understand the theoryof gyroscopeand its application.

5 To understand the method of vibration analysis of different mechanical systems

COURSE OUTCOMES:


Taxonom

y Level

CME431.

1

Abilitytoapplytheprincipleofheattransferforquantitativemeasurementa

nd tocomparetheresultswiththeoreticalvalues

Apply

(Level 3)

CME431.

2

Ability to compute natural frequency of simple vibrating systems Apply

(Level 3)

CME431.

3

Understandtheworkingofdifferentgovernors,andcanpredictthestabilityo

f mechanicalgovernors.

Evaluate

(Level 5)


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME431.

4

Understandthetheorybehindgyroscopiceffectandtopredicttheeffectof gyroscopic couple in different mechanisms.

Evaluate

(Level 5)

CME431.

5

To practice calibration of thermometer and pressure gauges

Apply

(Level 3)

CO-POANDCO-PSOMAPPING P

O

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME431.

1

3

-

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

3

-

-

CME431.

2

3

-

3

2

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

3

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-

CME431.

3

3

-

2

3

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-

-

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-

2

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-

-

3

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CME431.

4

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-

2

3

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3

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CME431.

5

3

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3

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-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

3

-

-

2- Lowcorrelation(Low), 2-Mediumcorrelation(Medium), 3-High correlation(High)


MAPPING

LOW/

MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

CME431.1-PO1

3

Knowledgeinheattransferandrespectiveapparatusto

solveengineeringproblems

CME431.1-PO3

2

Conducting experiments and analysing provide

professionalism, ethical attitude, communication skill, team

work

CME431.1-PO4

2

Experimentsand interpretationofdata usingheat transfer

knowledgeandworkingofrespectiveapparatustofind

solutionstosimilarengineeringproblems

CME431.1-

PO10

2

Experiments enable students to comprehend and write effective

reports and design documentation

CME431.2-PO1

3

Knowledgeofbasicsofvibrationcancomplementthe

studyof engineeringproblems


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME 431.2. PO3

3



work

CME431.2-PO4

2

Conductingexperimentsandinterpretationofdatausing

knowledge in vibration to solve similar engineering problems

CME431.2-

PO10

2



CME431.3-PO1

3 Knowledgeofgovernors,itsstabilityetc..canaidinthe

studyof engineeringproblems

CME431.3-PO3

2

Study of governors can be useful to design system

componentswhichmeetstherequirementsforthepublic safety

CME431.3-PO4

2

Conductingexperimentsandinterpretationofdatausing

knowledge about governors helpsto solve similar engineering

problems

CME431.3-PO10

2



CME431.4-PO3

2 Study of gyroscope can be useful to design system

componentsforthepublic.

CME431.5-PO1

3

Knowledge on calibration, helps proper maintenance of

measuring instruments

CME431.5-PO3

2



work

CME431.5-PO10

2



JUSTIFICATIONSFORCO-PSOMAPPING

MAPPING

LOW/

MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

CME431.1-

PSO1

3

Experimentsinheattransferapparatuswillhelptoutilize

knowledgeinthermalsciencetosolveengineeringproblems

CME431.2-

PSO1

3

Experimentsinvibrationwillhelptoutilisetheirknowledge

in mechanicstosolveengineeringproblems

CME431.3-

PSO2

3

Experimentwillhelpstudentsinimplementingmechanical

systemswhichusesgovernorsto workeffectively

CME431.4-

PSO2

3

Experimentwillhelpstudentsinusinggyroscopestoguide

andmonitornewlydesignedorexistingmechanicalsystems.

CME431.5-

PSO2

3

Experimentoncalibrationwillaidstudentinconducting

experiments

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS -TO MEETINDUSTRY/PROFESSION

REQUIREMENTS: SL.NO DESCRIPTION PROPOSE

D

ACTION

S

RELEVANC

E

WITH POs

RELEVANC

E

WITH PSOs

1 Experiments in pneumatic and

hydraulic drives andactuators.

Online

Videos

Provided

PO4 PSO2

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES: 1 Dynamicforce analysisof mechanism-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEdz91oWrts

2 Gyroscope- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cquvA_IpEsA

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: ☐CHALK&TALK

☐STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐WEB RESOURCES

☐LCD/SMART

BOARDS

☐STUD.

SEMINARS

☐ADD-ONCOURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT ☐ASSIGNMENTS ☐STUD.

SEMINARS

☐TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☐UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐STUD.LAB

PRACTICES

☐STUD. VIVA ☐MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

☐CERTIFICATIONS

☐ADD-ON

COURSES

☐OTHERS

http://www.youtube.com/watch

http://www.youtube.com/watch


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


☐ASSESSMENT OFCOURSE OUTCOMES (BY

FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☐STUDENT FEEDBACK ONFACULTY

(TWICE)

☐ASSESSMENT OFMINI/MAJOR PROJECTS

BY EXT. EXPERTS

☐OTHERS

13. 2 SAMPLE VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What is COP in refrigeration?

2. Write the expression for fourier law of heat conduction. Explain the terms.

3. Explain Stefan Boltzman law of radiation?

4. An aeroplane taking left turn and the rotor rotating clockwise when viewed from back.

Explain the gyroscopic effect on the plane.

5. Name one spring controlled governor

6. Dittus–Boelter correlation for fully developed turbulent flow in pipes

7. Draw thep-h diagram ofavapour compression refrigeration system.

8. Name thetwo majortypes of refrigeration system.

9. Nusselt Number is the ratio of

10. Reynolds Number is the ratio of

11. Explain hunting in governors

12. What does specific humidity means?

13. Name the equipment used for measuring WBT and DBT.

14. Torsional stiffness of shaft, Ks =

15. Prandl Number is the ratio of =

16. Name two practical methods used to achieve nearly isothermal compression

17. What do you mean by dew point temperature

18. Ifrelative humidityis 100% then what happens to DBT and WBT?

19. Which refrigerant is used in ourtest rig of refrigeration anda/c.?

20. Draw thepsychrometricchart and show the following process on it

a) sensible cooling b)sensibleheating c) humidification d)dehumidification e) cooling

and dehumidification f)heating and humidification g) cooling and humidification

h)heating and dehumidification


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

21 Grashof Number is the ratio of

22 Write one dimensional radial heat flow conduction equation through a hollow cylinder,

under steady state conditions:

23 Axis of precession means:

24 What are the limitations of Watt governor? Explain how it is solved in Porter governor?

25 The radial heat conduction equation for single hollow sphere transferring heat from

inside to outside without heat generation is given by:

26 Draw a diagram representing summer air conditioning system.

27 Explain Newton’s law of cooling.

28 Name thetwo majortypes of refrigeration system.

29 What does an isochronous governor means? Draw the controlling force vs radius of

rotation graph for an isochronous governor.

30 Nusselt Number is the ratio of


Mr.Senjo Manuel Dr.ThankachanT Pullan (Faculty) (HOD)

ME 451 Seminar and Project Preliminary S7ME

COURSE HANDOUT: S7

14. SEMINAR AND PROJECT PRELIMINARY



ENGINEERING

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE:SEMINAR/PROJECT SEMESTER: 7CREDITS: 2

COURSE CODE:ME451REGULATION:

2016

COURSE TYPE: PRACTICAL

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: PROJECT IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CONTACT HOURS:2 PRACTICAL + 1(TUTORIAL)

HOUR/WEEK


(IF ANY):NIL

LAB COURSE NAME:NIL

SYLLABUS:

COURSE CONTENT

Course Plan

Seminar: Each student shall identify a topic of current relevance in his/her

branch of engineering, get approval of faculty concerned, collect sufficient

literature on the topic, study it thoroughly, prepare own report and present in

the class.

Project preliminary: Identify suitable project relevant to the branch of study.

Form project team ( not exceeding four students). The students can do the

project individually also. Identify a project supervisor. Present the project

proposal before the assessment board (excluding the external expert) and get it

approved by the board. The preliminary work to be completed: (1) Literature

survey (2) Formulation of objectives (3) Formulation of

hypothesis/design/methodology (4) Formulation of work plan (5) Seeking funds

(6) Preparation of preliminary report Note: The same project should be

continued in the eighth semester by the same project team.



L1

Minimum 7 SCI Indexed journals


COURSE HANDOUT: S7



BASIC AND ADVANCED

ENGINEERING CURRENT KNOWLEDGE

UNDER GRADUATE

LEVEL

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To develop skills in doing literature survey, technical presentation and report preparation

2 To enable project identification and execution of preliminary works on final semester

project

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl. NO DESCRIPTION

Blooms’

Taxomomy

Level

CME451.01

The students will be able to explore the recent technological

advancements correlating the fundamentals of mechanical

engineering.

Understand

Level 2

CME451.02 The students will be able to identify, define and formulate

engineering problems through detailed literature survey.

Apply

Level 3

CME451.03

The students will develop presentation skills with the ability

tocommunicate to audience and also ethical writing skills as a part of

report submission.

Create

Level 6

CME451.04 The students will be in a position to hypothesize future advancements

in their present work.

Create

Level 6


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

CME451.01 3 1 2 3 2

CME451.02 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

CME451.03 3 3 3

CME451.04 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2

CME451 3 2.34 2.5 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2.67 2


JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

MAPPING

LOW/

MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

PO1-(CME451.01-

.02,.04) 3

Apply their fundamental knowledge in order to understand

the studies carried out in literatures.

PO2-(CME451.01) 1 Literature survey gives an insight to the domain of study

that needs to be investigated.

PO2-(CME451.02,

.04) 3

Formulation of the problem is carried out through detailed

literature survey which also helps in identifying the areas of

future advancements.

PO3-(CME451.02) 3 Domain of study is obtained through in depth knowledge

gained through literature survey.

PO3-(CME451.04) 2 Literature survey can lead to identification of future scope.

PO4-(CME451.02,

.04) 2

Knowledge gained through results and discussion in

literatures can suggest future advancements.

PO6-(CME451.01-

.02, .04) 2

The topic identified, formulated and analysed should benefit

engineering society.

PO7-(CME451.02,

.04) 2

The domain studied must benefit the society in

environmental context.

PO8-(CME451.03-

.04) 3

Existing results and discussion communicated and future

scopes identified should abide ethical principles.

PO9-(CME451.01-

.02) 3

Individual contributions for seminar and effective team

work for project is mandatory.

PO10-

(CME451.01-.03) 3

Knowledge gained need to communicated through

presentations and reports.

PO11-

(CME451.02) 3

Scheduling and budget estimation is done in the initial phase

through literature survey.


COURSE HANDOUT: S7

PO12-

(CME451.02, .04) 3

Lifelong learning is achieved in various stages like literature

survey, methodology and future scope.


MAPPING

LOW/

MEDIUM/

HIGH

JUSTIFICATION

PSO1-

(CME451.01) 2

Engineering knowledge improves by applying mechanical

engineering fundamentals

PSO1-

(CME451.02, .04) 3

Proper literature survey and suggestion of future scope can

only be achieved by successfully applying their knowledge

in the domain of mechanical engineering sciences.

PSO2-

(CME451.04) 2

Future scope can be identified through analysing and

exploration of the solutions in literatures.


SI

NO DESCRIPTION

PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

NIL


1 http://www.sciencedirect.com

2 https://www.springer.com/in

3 https://www.asme.org/


☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB RESOURCES

☑LCD/SMART BOARDS ☑ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES


☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD.

SEMINARS

☐ TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

☐UNIV.

EXAMINATION

☐ STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

☐ STUD. VIVA ☑ MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

☐ CERTIFICATIONS

☐ ADD-ON

COURSES

☐ OTHERS

http://www.sciencedirect.com/

https://www.springer.com/in


COURSE HANDOUT: S7


☑ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY

FEEDBACK, ONCE)

☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTIES

(ONCE)


BY EXT. EXPERTS

☐ OTHERS

14.2 COURSE PLAN

DAY TOPICS PLANNED

1 Introduction to Project

2 Abstract Presentation

3 First Evaluation of Seminar

4 Discussions

5 Final PPT and report preparations of Seminar

6 Abstract Presentation of Project

7 Final Evaluation

Prepared by Approved by Dr. Nivish George &Mr. Vishnu Sankar Dr.Thankachan T Pullan (Faculty) (HOD)

department of mechanical engineering me_course handout.pdf · manufacturing practices. mechanical...

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