department of national development !.;;. ,bureau of ... · department of national...
TRANSCRIPT
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
, BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCESGEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
RECORDS:
1966/69
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102622r
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MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHIC ~AL"lIlOLOGY OF THE (fJ!WA'f BASIl!
by
P. R. Evans
The infonnation contained in this report has been obtained by the. Department of National Development, as part of the poliH of thp- Commonwealth· Government, to assist in thr: exploration and development of mineralresources. It may Dot be published in any fonn or used in a companyprospectus without the permission in writing of the Director, Bureau ofMin,eral Resources. Geology and Geophysics.
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MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPIIIC PALYNOLOGY OF THE arwAY BASIN
by
P.R. Evans't"
Records 1966/69
CONTENTS
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ABSTRACT
FOREWORD
REPORTS BY SEDIMENTARY BASINS STUDY GROUP
INTRODUCTION
,SOURCES OF INFORMATION
SubsurfaceOutcropGeneral
EXISTING BIOSTRATIGRAPBIC SCHEMES
STRATIGRAPHY
Pre-MesozoicMesozoic - undifferentiatedLower CretaceousUpper CretaceousMesozoic - Tertiary Boundary
THE PALYNOLOGICAL AND INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL SCALES
MICROPLANKTON AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
REFERENCES
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 1-3
ILLUSTRATIONS
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1
4
5
5
51617
17
191920202428
29
31
3542
•Plate 4: Lithologi.cal
in the" Otwayand palynological correlationsBasin - a) coastal section
b) inland section
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TABLES
Table 1 J Summary of lithostratigraphic units recognized by theSedimentary Basins StUdy Group and considere4 in thetext.
Table 2: Distribution of marker fossils.
Table)s Age and distribution of Mesozoic formations - OtwayBasin.
The information contained in this report has been obtained by t"beDepartment of National Development, as part of the policy of theCommonwealth Government, to assist in the exploration and developmentof mineral resources. It may not be pUblished in any fOrm or used ina company prospectus without the permission in writing of the Director,Bureau of Mineral Resources, -Geology and Geophysics.
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ABSTRACT
,.
A-s""B. -cmrtriinrti-on -t'o-'the-wider" study 'Of--the 'geol'Ogy "of-the Otway.-Baltin, -lIIlliertaken-'by·-the"'Ba,'S1:n:s· Study" Group of the" Petroleum- Explorati~on'
Brsnch; - Bureau-of-Mineral-Re'souxces, -'the" avaira:ble ---st"ra.ti:graphica-l-·pa;iyn'Ol'9gical
data' f':tt?m--the ·Me'sozo"i.-c-of-the· 'basin "sTfrreriewe'd-and "summa.r:i:ze'd """into a "ae'quence, '
o""£"J)al'YJl:o-'bi'ostra"tigraphic' wrl-ts' '-by 'which 'the "-bas in I-a "li'thostratigraphi'c
divisi"on -may be c'ompared"and dated. 'The Upper Cret"ace'ous i"s "divide'd ac'cOT<:tiJlg
to i-ts 'microplankton content .into; an uppermo'st, as yet unnamed division with
Deflandrea pellY:~ida, the Xenikoon a~stralis Zone," the 'Nelsonieil~ ~ceras Zone,
the, Deflandrea cretacea Zone, and the Ascodinium parvum Zone. The lower.
cretaceous is divided, an the basis of its spore content, into six informally
named divisions; IUs-d, and K4~, b. Lateral lithostratigraphic facies change:;s
across the basm are then determined in both Lower and Upper Cretace'cua tim~s:Occurrences of microplanktoniare divided into those with acritarchs only and'
,those with dinoflagellates as'well as acritarchs, and their significance in
interpretation of f~cies of deposition- and the depositi"on history 'of the basin,.regarded aa generally paralic from the beginning of the Cretaceous on",ard~, are
. briefly discussed.
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MESCY2:0IC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGY IN TIlE cmIAY BASIN
FCREWARD
This paper i8 "a contribution -to -the 9tu:dJr-of the geology of -the
Otw6\Y Basin undertaken by -the Ba:sins Study Group of the Petroleum Exploratiorr
Branch. Although -issued separately; it nIl be ·incor:p'orat'e·d·-in..the"G:rcm:pl~
general-report 'on -the basin 'and~ha'B-'been-de'Signed'-with'that·, end~ in- view-. It ..
aonsrsts of -a -review'1md summary -of aV~l~ble·-strat-;i;gra:pDi-c~l:yn:ologi.cs.l
information "and a 'few-new ·observat±ons obta:ined -ror -the "'bene'ftt o:f-the -project.
It- compri:ses '3,' synthe:sis of th±s' in:forma:tron "into -8 -bi·ostratig:raphi.:: -framework
wtth whi'ch the basin I B li:thostratrgra-phic -divisi'ons "1IIB.y''be·¥compare-d·''and-1iated.
No palynological studies of basin-wide stratigraphic values haV6 -yet-"been -made
on the 'Tertiary of the basin, and so comments are restricted .to the Mesozoic
sect.ions only.
The Sed;imentary Basins Study Group has eeamined in detail the
sediments in a _number of well sections in the basin ·and idemi!'1ed a sequence
of lithologioal formations, denoting them by an informal tetter -nomenclature.
The boundaries and extensions of these units are accepted here, but where they.
are apparehtly synonymous with previousI;y described and named format::..~, the
formal nomencla.ture is a.pplied to the text. Both the informal and formal units
considered in the report and a summary of their lithological ch~acteriBticB,
supplied by the Basins Stu~ Group, are listed in Table 1.,
Much of the Lower Creta"ceous -i:s nat satisfactortly -named in u formal
and valid- manner. Lealie (1965) followe'd-·common· practice llIld ·a-pplie-d the name
. Merino Group (Boutakoff"& Sprigg, 1953) "to -the Lower Cretace-ous-ssrti-ons
c~ered ·by··untts P - M. C-ontinue·d ·u-se---o-r·-thi-s··1;e-rm-rs "'UIlsa;ttsfa't:tory under the
nesent Australian Code of Stratigraphic NOlp.enclature as only two constituent;'
units, ·the ~ede ·ForImtton -and -the 'Mocambro--Member (-or -a-t-orI!llrti-on lllIpseoified)
have' 'been--na::med (-Boutakoff &". Sprtgg, "up. "cit., Keney, 1954). As -di-scu:sse'd "on
p.24-the Runnymede -may be -part 'of"the Uppe:r Cretace'ous "Sequer~ce "OVe-rlytng lmi:t;:s
P - J, so that -the term Merino Group could incorporate all ·sediments -below -the
Tertiary (unit-s P - Gb). The alternative and "c'OlIllD.only used -term Otway Basin
Group could be regarded as a synonym of Merino Group (Medwell, 1954)~ (Bock &Glerde, 1965) extend the Wangerrip Group ("originally defined by Baker, 1958, to
embrace only its Pebble Point Formation and Dilwyn Clay - units Dd --and. Db
respectively) to include all lower .formations to the base of the Waarre·
Formation (unit J.). Bock & Glenie (op. cit.) and Talent (1965) resurrdcted
the term. Korumburra Group, which Sterling (1899) originally applied to Mes9zoic
sediment- nrthe-· GtppslaJ"I'd- Basin; for-t"he"" :tower C're'tacc·oo.s· of--the-Vt'wa;:y- ':Ba:siIr.
! :Bock & ,Glenie pointed out that continuity existed from Gippsland to South
Australia in an east - west trough during the Lower Cretaceous? end that hence-
2.
the name Korumburra had -priority 'over Otway and Merino_. H'owever, -revisi"on
at "these-terminologie"s" "withc:nrt "explanation 'of -the c'onstituent -formatiors'of
the 'grO'llp~still leaves-no adequate definition ·of both-specific "and broad
lithostratigraphic -names f'Or the Lower CretaceOl,lS 'of the basin. The
S'edimentary Basins Study Group I a nomenclat~ i.~ ·theret'ore 'Perpetuated in
the succeeding -text • Although· sufficient appears to be mown 'of these
units to warrant formal definiti'ons under Code of Stratigraphic No~nclatuxet
no proposals to this effect have yet been made.
Unit J incorporates the Waarre Formation as defined by F:rome
Broken Hill Pty. Limited (in press). Units Gh, Gf and Gd inc'orporate the
type sectiQns of the Flaxmans Be~, Belfast Mudstone and Paaratte Formation
'respectively, and the names are used accordingly. Unit Gb was named the
llCurdiee Bede" by Leslie (1965), althoU8h-no formal definition of the unit
has been published. The lateral extension of unit~ J _- Gb (Waarre Formation
·'Cur-dies aedsll ) recognized in this report is similar too the extension of
formations reoognized by Leslie (1965). Taylor (1964a. b) and Bock &0 Glenie
(1965) -presented ·other views of the vertical and lateral extension of-these,
formations ·away from -the ·-type· sections, recognizing· str~ngly 'diachronous
facies (·'vertical -facies complexes ll ) throu&h ·most of-the marine Upper
Cretaceous. As-these" authors did not -present a-detailed -graphic c'orrelation
of their sections, i"t i·s not possible --to compare their approach -to'j;he -sub
division of the ·sediments 'of "the Otway Basin with that folrowed" 'by Leslie
and the Basins Study Group. The -a:ppa:rent coni'ormity-bet"ween the -palynological
framework 'and the lithological·Bchemes of Leslie and the Basms ~dy qroup
and the explanation of the development ·of· the Mesozoic of the Ot~ay Ba'sin. .which might be derived from them, have led to adoption of the latters 1
f.o;rmational divisions, rather than those of Taylor, Bock &: Glenie.
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TABLE 1.
SUI!llAllY OF LITHOSTRATIGRAPJiIC UNITS RECOGNIZED BY THESEDI.IlENTARY ,BASINS STlIDY GROUP AND CONSIDERED IN TIlE 'TEXT.
FORMATION BlIR UNIT,
LITHOLOGY.
"Tertiary Fine" to coarse quartz and pella'tolBahgallah •
Dd chamosite oolite, sandy siderite;Pebble Point .:pebbles of .. ,igneous and metamorphicFormation rocks". Siderite and chlorit.ic clay
matrix.
,unconformity
Gb Fine t9 coarse quartz sandstone and sand,''Curdies Beds" and clay, with quartz pebble congloIIex-
ates and coaly horizons.
1. Siltstone , sandstone , kaolinite, aomePaaratte siderite--:Formation Cd 2. Sandstone, siderite, dolomite, some
kaolinf.te. Chlorite cement in somewells. C~lorite pellets.
Gf - .lfudst one, c],aystone; glauconite,pyrite
Belfast Gf Gg - Mudstone, claystone, siltstone andMudston~ sandstone. Chlorite,glauconite,
Gg pYrite.
Flaxman's Sandstone, chamosite oolite, phosphate
Beda Gh oolite, some glauconite. Some volcanicdetritus.
, . unconformityQuartzose sandstone, aome feldspar and
lIaarreJ
kaolinite. Mudstone, coal, fine sandstone,FOX1!J8.tion calcite cement, some chlorite grains in
lower pa.....-t and sorte glauconite·.
unconformity (?)
Greywack.e. subgreywacke, volcanic sand-'. stone, so$e qua.rtzose sandstones, mud-stone, shale, siltst'one , carbcna;ce'ous
(un-named) II matter, bentoniticrclays. Products ofdiagenesis; zeolite, calcite, recrystall-ized clay, chlorite, quartz, silica,epidote t sphene.
Clean quartzose ·or protcqaartzitic sand-
(.un-named) R Pstone with garnets. KAOlinitic cement, aomesideritization of cement.·P = R inter-digitated with M.
unconformity --(un-named) T Poorly sort!=,!d quartzose sandstones. and
mudstones (sideritic in places).
unconformity . . -'
(?Pre-Heaozoic) V Low· grade metamorphosed mudstones, SOllIE>
sandstones with eericite.
unconformity
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4.
REPCRTS Kl SEDIMENTARY BA9INS STUDY Q\OlP.?
DELLENBACH, J., 1954· - A pet:l..::lngi~l study of ~edi$eni;s !'ram Oil
Deve::"op!L~.!lt N.L. MOiXc;t Salt No.1 Well Ot\'!a.y Bas:l.n, SC".}.-;h
Australie.• Eur. Min. Resour. Auat. Ree. ·t 964/1 'j'B. (l."nprr.blG)'
DE~CH, J., i965a·· A pet:r:olog-loal s_tudy of ·sedimgnt's fr.om Bsa.~h
Petroleum N.L. Geltwood :Beach No.1 Otway Basin. South
Aust~alia. 10& 1~65/4~ (<.Ulpuol.) •.. "
DELJ..EimAclH, ;i., 1965b - A petFolog.i.cal examination. of ·3edi_:nc:,:",ts ·fr.0m
a.D.N .1·. Angleuea N9.1 Well, Otway Basin, V~.r.:tcria. Ibic.•
'965/;6-6 ·(=F.ol.).
D}""'LLENBACH, .r. "'8.."}.d HAWKINS, P., 1964 - A -petrolog:i.ceJ:· sT.-,x':\:ir ·of ['l::'d:"l31:.,r.ct;~
·frOl!l Port Campbell·N·o. t-and No.? Wells, Otway Ba.."lin~ ifi·::t\..,,-c:"~..
Bur. Min. Resoux.• Aust._~. 19~4/17 (unpubl.).
DELIJ?ffiACH, ,1., KRAITSOWITS, I. K., OSIMIC, S., -and HAWKINS, P., "! ,.65 ..
Petrologic!il-l" atU.lhe3 of· sediments from Plane·t ''L'Ull::,ch N·o. ~ .Well,
Otway Basin, Victo::ria. Bur. Min. Resou:.:. Al.lSt. Re(~. 1365/167
(u.'ljJ'.lbl.) •
l
DRUMMOND, J .M.: an.d H.AV1Cl:NS, P., 1~64 - Otway Be.flj.n. ~ interpre'tatj:....~
stre;;;:igraph:i..; l.·ela~;ion::!~ps. Note No. i. Bur. Min. ResvuT'.
ROo•. 1964/51 (unj1llhl. ).' "-.
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EDWORTHY, .K.J., 196~ - A. petr-:Jl3gical ·study of sed.i.men-ts from. "too Jh:i~}:
Broken Hill P:r.ett;r. Hi;!..! N9.1 Wf,:ll, OtwB\Y Be.six.: Vict~):t:':'.!:l.~.
Bur. Min. Re~o'.l:r, A:ist. Ree. 1964/185 (".1D.p''.lbl.).
EDWORTHY ,
.. ....,
-K.J., 1965. - 1J. pat:::ological study of sedimen".:s· fr.om F'.i:'nPlf'.;··
Broke:l Hill Eumeral1e.. No.1.'·Well. lli<h 1965/17(; (~..uPJ.t<:.• ) •
EI7ilORTHY, K.J. , 'j 955 - -N:;te-~ ""Or~ -t"he -petrolvgy ·of ·samp:te-s "'i'!.'tml--!;b,e !_fl"!m:::,-part -of F.:B.R. Fl:axmail's No;1·, Otway Basin, VictcJ':"5.~. I~·ld.. .. ' '. -_...1965/80 (·''''PU"ol.).
RAWKItiS I P.J., ·"965 - A·pe-troJ:og~:cal -s~udy --of-the -se"i.i.::n;:nts 'f~'t""In P):8ZlW;
-Heati1f':ie}:cllio.1 \Vel1, ·Ot-way Basin, Victoria. 3nr. I1....LL.. ]l~:e.~.
AU3t. R€c. 19C~!~OO (unpubl.).
HAWKINS, P'. J. and DELLEtrBACH v J. j 963 - study-uf··t.he ··Ne1:3'OIl. Bore ,}ed'::.!!lf.)n·~s:
Ot;1ay Basin, Victol."ia.. Bur. Min. Resour. Aust.~. 1'963/167.'
(unp"bl. ) •
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5·
INTRODUCTION
The pa~ology and stratigrap~ of the Mesozoic of the
O~ Basin have grown in unison during the past decade J promoted in
particular by the search for hydrocarbons and watex 7 and the consequent.
availability of material from deep drilling. Pa~ological studies by
Raker & Cookson (1955), Cookson (1953c, 1954, 1956), Cookson & Dettmaxcn
(1958) and Cookson & ~s~nack (1961a) showed that both Lower and Upper
Cretaceous sediments ~xist ,in the basin. EVans (1961a) indicated that m~9t
European stages of the Cretaceous were probab~ present; Douglas (1962) fL~d
Evans (1962) introduced schemes for subdividing portions Cof the Upper
Cretaceous;' and Dettmann (1963), from a comprehensive systematic study of
spores and pollens in several wellS in Victoria and South Australia, including
the Commonwealth subsidized ODNL Penola No. 1~ indicated a way to subdivide
the Lower Cretaceous. Apart from these more generalized accounts, a number'
of reports on the microfloras of specific wells have been compiled. Most
of them are unF~blished, but available as either EMR Recorda or appendices
to subsidized well completion reports. These data are reviewed below and
summarized into a tentat~ve biostratigraphic framework from which the =elative
ages of sediments within the basin are assessed.
SOURCE> OF INFORMATION
Subsurface
The positions of subsurface sections from which data ara
available and an expression of the pa1yno-stratigraphi~divisions ·which mSlf
be derived from theJ11~ are illustrated in Plates 4a. and 4b* ...
* Plates 4a and 4b include sections encountered in Robe No.1, Kalangadoo No.
1', Tullich No.1, Portland No.3, Port Campbell No.4, and Anglesea No. 1 to
which no reference is made below. Th;is is for future p'lIpose of report VJr'lting
and illustretion by the Petroleum Exploration Branch, who will use the same
plates. A separate report on Anglesea No. 1 is in prepara.tion. Dettmann and
Harris (in Alliance Oil Development N.L., 1966) examined core samples frc~
Kalangadoo No.1; their results ma;y be supplemented by additional oose::-vatior,s
by the writer a.t a later stage •
6.
SEeS Beach~ort No.1
SaIllples uf cores and cuttings from Beachport Nc. ~ W6:::,e
eX3Jllined by Evans (Appendix 2 in Hare & Associates, 1962), who compe.T.'e1 the
well with Penola No. 1 and outcrops in the Casterton area.
,~
RlR SAMPLE NO. (MFP) coRE;!ClJ'I'rINGS DEPTH(feet)
1868 Cutt. 1810-1820
1869 " 1860-1870
1821 " 1910-1920
1822 " 1930-1940
1823 " 1960-'970
1824 " 1980..1990
1733 Core 1 2094..2104
1734 " 2 2288-2298
1735 " 3 2500-2510
1736 " 4 2695-2705
1737 " 5 2820-2830
1738 " 6 3025-3035
181 7 " 7 3159-3169
18'18 " 8 3400-34':0
1819 " 9 3665-3675
1620 " 10 3935-3948
PAL'CI.WIT
For cheek )
cf T6r·~:1.a.""."J-; ~ ::''?l~ultsMesozoic ) iIl~(J-",cl-
l i.i2:;"V€bO\mda..:..-y~
K2b
K2..
K1d
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Planet Casterton No.1
Selected core samples wer~ examined for the par~oses of this
report.
R.!R SAMPLE NO. (MFP) CORE;!CUTTINGS DEPTH PALYN.
(feet) UNIT--
3872 Core 1 2017 01'!-.'617)3873 " 2 2425 17,i.1 K~d
3874 " 3 3142- 3152 <{57.1- ~6o:1-
3894 " 4 3601 lon,' K1c.:
3895 " 6 4194 IZj8.3
3896 " 7 4505 11H,I
3875 " 7 1~~II1Z,' K1a:'b
3997 " 8 4509 111'1,J
3870 .. 12 5609 \1oq.G
3871 u 14 63;;5 1~'I'l.S --3537 " 18 7j85 t'ISo,'1 ? J •
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FBH Eumeralla No.1
Spores, pollen and microplankton observed in thirteen core
samples froI:!. Ellmeralla No.1 Tlere listed and interpreted by EV"ar..s (1963a).
Dettmann (in Bain, 1964b) recorded that she had also examined cores from the
well, but, apart from general accounts in Bains' report, her results are not, .
available .. Cookson (1964) described species of microplankton in cuttings
from the well.
IIMR SAMPLE NO. (MFP) CORE;!CUTTINGS DEPTH PALIN.(feet) UNIT
I.C.· Cuttings 3020-3030I.C. " 3050-3060I.C. " 3080-3090 U. Cret
I.C. " 3090-3100I.C. " 3110-3120
2344 J.D. Core 5 3313-3315 K2
2345 J.D. " 6 3806-3808J.D. " 7 4285-4300
2350 J.D. " 8 4812-4814
2350 J.D. " 9 5297-5299
~2351 J.D. " 10 5803-5805 ?
2352 " 13 6254-6257 K1d
, 2353 n 15 6716-6718 ..1...2354 " 18 7712..7714
2355 I! 19 - 8151-8152
2356 "20 8459··8461
2346 " 21 89'6..8918 K1a-b
2347 II 22 9379-9381
2348 II 23 9767-9769
2349 II 25 10302-10305
J.D. • Samples from these cores were also examined by J.G. Douglas.
I.C. • Samples examined by Dr. Isabel C. Cookson.
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FER Ferguson l s Hill No.1
All cores from Ferguson's Hill No. , were examined by D=ttmann
(in Bain, 1964b).
coRE;!C1JTTINGS DEPTH PALYN.(Feet) UNIT
Core 1 1554-1574 ?~
" 2 1767-1787
" 3 2020-2031
" 4 2092··2110 ?
" 5 2422-2437
" 6 2437-2449
" 7 2741-2760
" 8 3081-3105
" 9 3105-)111
" 10 3419-3431 K2b
" 11 3732-3752
" 12 4092-4112
" 13 4534-4554
" 14 5077-5097
" 15 5554-5569 •" 16 5934-5950
" 17 6603-6623
" 18 6555-6570 K2<i.
" 19 7037-7047
" 20 7220-7237 K1d
" 21 7330-7345
" 22 7818-7832
" 23 8247-8262 "
" 24 8758-8774
" 25 9195-9211
" 26 9626-9631 K1a_b
" 27 10092-10101
" 28 10574-10588
" 29 10660-10668
" 30 11080.11094
" 31 11419-11432
" 32 11519-11534
" 33 11582-11593 ?
" 34 11616-11622
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,; .1.:"./'. ..~.. '":: ....
, """.;., , ..-" ,
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. '--. . .,..: :"- ..-,......'(., ~ ;' '. ', , '
>'- .FER Flaxman ~ s No.1
: .. ,,
All cores from Flaxman IS ·No. 1 were ini tially examined by Evans
(1962) ~d later by Dettmann (referred to in Bain, 1964b, but detailed results
not available). Microplankton from the well we.re described by Cookson (1964).
Ill.!Il SAMPLE NO. (MFP) eoIU;!cuTTINGS DEPTH PALYI!.(Feet) UNIT
"
1715
1716 I.e.
1717
1718
1369
1370
1371 I.e.
'1372
1373 I.e.
1374 I.e.
1735 I.e.
1376
1377 I.e.
1378 I.e.
1379
1554:..,1555
1380
, 1381,, 1549. '
,,1550
1551'" 1552
1553
1548
Core 3 . 4132-4134,,,
4 4311-4313
" 5, , 4479-4481,
!(. ~'-·~;t.~::}~--':~ 4707-4714
" 8 4974-4983
" 9 4983-4993,11 10 5330-5336" 11 5362
" 12 5396. '
" 13 5458-5463
" 14 5531-5539II 15 5543-5546II 16 5958-5961II 11 6375-6391
"20 6626-6636
Cutt. 6650
" 6750
Core 22 6871-6877
" 25 '6902-6913
" 27 7212-7220
" 28 7476-7477
" 29 7648-7666
" 30 7864-7870
" 31 7966-7978
" 32 8139-8150
X.e
N.a
?
D.c.
?
A.p.
K2b
•
I.C. = Samples from these cores were eXamined by Dr. Isabel C. Cookson.
See also Cookson & Balme (1962) and Cookson (1965).
"
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. , ,
",:." :<~~...•, -
10."
1556~557
1558
15591560 )
1606 )
1561
1562
1608
1609161016': 1
II 34
II 35II 36
" 37II 38
II 39
" 40
II 4'1
" 42II 43
II 44
8470-84768884-8896
9123-9135
9499-9520
9772-9785
10122-10135
10492-10502
10807-1080911087-11089
11228-1123111519-11521
K2b
K2a
K1d
BPNL Geltwood Beaoh No~
All c~res from this well were examined by Hm',ris (1964, alsO'
incorporated in Lawes &Woolley, 1964), who charted the presence of Tartiary,
Up~er and.Lower Cretaceous oicroplankton and sporeS. The writer ar.d E.A.
Hodgson examined cores 4 - 16 (2951-6096 ft) as part of 8..'"1. 1ll1completed stb.dy
requested.by the explora.tion compaI'l¥: some of the latter obser,rations are
used below.
PALYN.UNIT
DEPTHCOm;;lCUTTINGSJfJR SAMPLE
NO. (MFP):.:::..:.....=-'---------------------
" 9 4090-4100 ?
" 10 4402-4412
" 11 4508-4524
" 12 4770-4180 K2
" 13 5055··5070
" 14 5333-·534.1
" 15 5655..5663
" 16 6081-6096
" 17 6519-6530 ," 18 7030-1040
" 19 7546-7556
BP~TL Geltwood Beach No. 1
Core 1 2000-2015
" 3 2328-2340
" 4 2650-2665 (2651)." 5 2965-2985
" 6 3317-3332(3317)
" 7 3632-3647 (3632)
3002
3003
3004
3005)
30~ 4)
3015)3016)
30':7)3006
30073008
300930103011
" 8 3773-93
?
.,-
- ~'.". - ~ ~
"
"
"\1
, 11.
" 20 8046-,8056
" , 21 8476-8486
" 22 8931-8952
" 23" 9360.9370"
98-5~,9867" 24
" 25 103,16:',10326
" 26 "0781-1'0791
" 27 110231'-11243
" 28 H'733~'H743
" 29 ,1'2222,-~22,32., . .',' .~:-;' .,,#
,.' '': ~
K1. ,(undifr.)
, "
,
",
, ;
,
" . \", I . ;
, "
available.
Vic. Mines. Dept Heywood No.3 " ,.: \- . " ~
Core samples from the Tertiaty and Mesozoic of H~o~d No.' 31\ 1,1' .'. '
examined by Douglas (1962) for microplankt;on only. Only the co're depths',. " d."" I ' : :
~ ;",
were
are
depths of Douglas' samples below 4300
probable age are marked in Plate 4:8-".,.'
" ,
None of this material. . '. . ! 1
has been avaiiable'for examination in the 'BMR. ! The, ' ,. - ' -
feet and an interp~etation.of their
"Planet Heathfield,No. 1
. '
Corel samples from, the Mesozoic of Heathfield No. 1 were examined,. by' Hodgson (1964), '. who correlated the well 'with Penola No. 1 and Eluneralla
"No.1. Data from~the Upper Cretaceous ~ore 2, 4nd modifications of Hodgson's
interpretation of the LoweriCretaceoU5 on the basis of new observations are, ,incorporated in this rep~rt.
BoIR SAMPLE NO. (1lFP) coRJ;;lC1lTTINQS DEPTH PALYN.(Feet) UNIT
1378," 1393 427-11.+,6X.a1868 %,/,31\\
2374 'ft""2877 £'t6, 'f K2b
3762 II,!' ,I>4144 IU;,I K1d
4621 f<lG?>,G'5028 15'~Z, 5' '
5034,IH'tA Klb
,5414 161<>.2
'5693 1f3',2..5990 I~ z.S' ,,~
6387 I~"[email protected]
6893 1'01.0 KIa
7499 Zz.8t1-
i '.
, ,, ,.. , " .,
lI>ji8·",».:,,-- .~' . .-
,,"'1·9" . >~, , . " ..
> ••• > "
1/. 1'0
II 12
II 13
II 13
II 1.4
" 1:5• II '16
;11, ~1"'"~ , .. '';'
Core 2
II ,4
" 6
,",;' ;;'i:'~ ":;;:;, ,,',',' ..
3470
~064
3065
3066, ',',':'~j067 "',,,. .
30683069
3079
3085
, ,3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3086",
..;
II
12.
ODNL MOW1t Salt No.1
Tf!e distribution of selected species and form g~c~ra in Mount Salt
No.1 were listed by ~ans (in Oil Development N.L., 1963), who attempted to
indicate on the basis of these fossils the probable correlates of the well
section to be found Ln the eastern portion of the Otway BaBin. R~reau of
Mineral Resources, Geology &Geophysics. (1965b). used these correlatio~s
to interpret the well in terms of formations occurring in th~ eastern Otw~v
Basin.
•
_ NO. (!>IFp) CO!UVCUTTINGS DEPTH.. (Feet)
2191 Core 8 29132193 " 11 36822914 " 13 42192119 II 14 45382120 " 18 50392114 \I 19 51942112 11 20 54902113 II 21 579021C6 u 23 64042107 " 24 66722103 II 25 69852104 II 26 74732~15 II 28 79402116 II 29 . 842921·~ 7 . II 30 89·'92195 " 31 94242196 " 33 98492197 II 34 10037
The Nelson Bo!:'e (. Glenelg No. 1)
T
X.a
N...
D.a
?
?
K2
.\
Drilled by the Commonwealth and Victorian Governmen~s 10ng·befc~8
subsidized operations commenced in the Otway Basin (Department of Mines,
Victoria, 1941-46), the Nelson Bore was studied by. Baker (1961), Baker &
Cookson (1955), Cookson (1956); Crespin (1954), and Douglas (1962). ~n.
v;rii;;er has a,lso examined selected samples, and uses the r€sults in. the
pre:,sent report.
'.
•.
•v13.
lIlR SAMPLE NO. (MFP) CORE;!=INilS DEPTH(Feet)
I.C. Core 38741831 " '42051832 " ~3001833 " 45001834 " 4867
, 1835 " 4920498 " 5112
I.C. , J.D. " 5304500 " 5708
J.D. " 5782
501 " 6000502 " 6129
503 I.c. " 6233-6236
504 " 6418
505 " 6575J.D. " 6672-6681
506 " 6751-6754
501' " 6843-6844" 508 Cuttings 7062-7071
509 " 7296
I.C. • examined by Dr• Isabel Cookson.
J.D. • examined by Mr. J.G. Douglas.
-ODNL Penola No. 1
PALYN.UNIT
~. nellucida
". ",
?
X.a
N.a
D.c
?
coRE;!CUTTI1lilS DEPTH PALYN.(Feet) UUIT
ODNL Penola No. 1
Core 1 1200-,1210 'l>S.&- ill
" 2 1410-1418 '\14.8-
" 3 161·0-1620 'l'!<'.1-
" 4 1805-1815 SW·2- 11>
" 5 2010-2020 61'2·10- K2b
" 6 22OO-22106f<'.p-
" 7 2380-2390 '/'IS.1-
" 8 2586-2596 ~!>I> 'l.
" 9 2790-2798 £$00·4 K2a
Penola No.1 was initial~ examined by ~s (1961b), whose
results were later published in Bare & Associates (1963). The well formed in
part the basis of Dettmann's study (1963) of Cretaceous microfloras in the
south_eastern Australian region.
llMR SAMPLE NO. (hlFP)
1253'
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258)
1316)
1259
1260
1261",
,',
14•.
1262 " 10 2990-3000 'I'".;' III1263 " 11 3180-3190 'i~.3'
'!264 " 12 3363-3373' ID'S~
1269 ". 13 3514-3524 Lotl.l-
1270 " 14 . 371 5-3729 113/. .• -
1271 " 15 3917-3928 "qJ.~-
1272 " 19 4390..4400 IM.I -
1317 " 20 4618··4619 1101 .• '1287 " 21 4766··47'76 \'\0..1'"
1318 Cuttings 4975-4980 ISI~,,,\"/
1319 " 4980-4985'
Sampll:!a from all coreg we:re examined by Dr. Mary E. Det tmarJl
FER Port Campbell Nos 1 & 2
Klo.
Klb
KIa,
I
Samples from Port Campbell Nos·1 and 2 were examined 'by- Tho"ar..s (1961),
Douglas (1962), Dettmann (in Bain, 1964b, but detailed re~lts.not available),
Cookson &Manum (1964), Cookson (1964), and Cookson & Halme (1962) •
RlR SAlJPLE NO. (lo!FP) COREVCUTTINGS DEPTR PALYl'.(Feet) UNIT
FBH Port Campbell No. 1 ,.J. D. Core 3450·-3460
1184 " 12 3740-3742
1185 " 13 3997-:;999
1186) X.a
1187) " 14 4280-4281
1188 " 15 4290-4291
1189 " 16 4518-4520
450 J.D. " 17 '4756-4760 H.e.:
473 J.D. II • 18 4862-4864
474 J.D. " '9 5020-5C25
475 J.D. " 20 5028-5030 D.c
_ 476 J.D. " 21 5223-52)1
652 Cu.ttings 5300-5310
653 " 5400-.5410
654 " 5500-5510 ?
643 " 5600··5610
455l Core 22 5666-5665J.D.
471
4541 J.D. , I.C. " 23 5700·-5708 A.p
648)
456 J.D. , I.C. " 24 - 5928··5934 K2':;
5960--5965.
610 Cuttit".gs .'
15·I.e. '" Samples from the same core 'were e:xa.mi..'"led by Dr. Isabel Cookson &
H.E. Balme (1962)
J.D.. '" Samples from the same core were examined by Mr. J.• G. Douglas.
li\lll,SAlJPLE NO. (MFP) OORE;lOUTTINGS DEPTH(Feet)
FBH Port Campbell No. 21031 J.D. t 1.0. Core 12*" 7097-70991032 J.D. " 13* 7691-7693872 " 5 7887~7890
873 J.D. , 1.0. " 6 7906-7908874 J.D. , 1.0. " 7 7927-7930875 " 8 8100-8102
876 J.D. , 1.0. " 9 8174-81761149 " 14* 8313-83151148 J.D. " ". 8339-83411121 " 15* 8413-84151122 J.D. " 16* 8560-8562
"
1123 J.D. " 17* 8609-8611,1124 " 18* 8630-8632,1054 Cuttings 8826-8846
" ,* Cores from deviated hole.
PALm.UNIT
D.c
A.p
K2b
"
J.D. '" Samples from,the same core ~ere examined by Douglas (1961)
I.e. .. Samples from the same core 'were examined by Cookson & Balme (1962)
& ,Dr. Cookson & Manum (1964)., '
FBH Pretty Bill No.1
Cores from Pret~ "Hill "No. 1 were examined by Douglas (in Bain r
'1·962), Evans (1963aj and in Bain, 1962), Dettmann (ref'erred to in Bain, 1964b,
b~t results not available), ~ Cookson & Manum (1964). ' .
BMil SAMPLEl NO. (MFP) OORE;lc1rrTINGS ! DEPTH(Feet)
2239 J.D. Core 1 1286-1288
2240 J.D. " 2 1816-1818
2241 J.D. " 4 2391-2393J.D. , 1.0. II . 6 2728-2730
2242 J.D. " 7 2938-2940J.D. " 8 3340-3355J.D. " 9 3812-3814J.D. " 10 4318_4328
2231 II 16- 5954-59572228 n 19 6696-6697
,',2229 "20 7200-7214
0,
Tertia=y
? X.a
? N.a.
?
Kla--b
16.
FER Sherbrcok No. 1~
DettmaTJl (in Bain: 1964b) mentioned that she had wvrked on c~rta~~
cores from Sherbrook No.1, end Bam (19648) incl~ded notes by J.G. ncuilas on
"
another selection of samples from the well.
II.IR SAMPLE NO. (MFP) CORE;!CUTTINGS DEPTlI(Feet)
J.D. , M.D. Core 3 1305-1329J. D. , M.D. " 5 2280-2293J.D. " 6 2902-2921J.D. " 8 3281··)301
" 9 3365-3378J. D. , M.D. " 10 3596-3602J. D. , M.D. " 11 3825-3845J.D. " 12 4042-4049J.D., M.D. " 13 4049-4064J.D. " 14 4064-4066J.D. " 17 4316-4321.J .D. " 18 4325~4327
J.D. " 25 5424
PALYN.UNLT
Te:r:tiar,'{
~d.i.ff
N.s. - D.c.
?
K2b
Outcrop
Cape OtwaY - Cola~ ar~
Co.ok50n & Dettmann (1958) and Dettmann (1963) 1;.51, ot>tc!'Cps at
Barangarook Creek sQuth-west of Colae, at the mouth of t~e Gellibra.~d River,
at Apollo Bay and on the Barwcn River, Barrabook Hills frQm whicn tncy obtain~&
microfloras. Evans (1962) examined three samples .collected by FI:-ome-.BD:lke.D
Hill Pty Ltd from outcrops between the Aire and Calde~ Rivsrs.
Ca9te~t~n - Merino area
. Nine samples collected by Frome-Broken Hill· Co. Pty Ltd fI'Q.J::'"1 out ..
crops in the Ca.sterton. -Merino area were examined by Evans (1961 c) r who fou-nd
seven of them to b6 fossiliferous. None of these samples CEJ'lle from Ki.1.1ara
Bluff J where the- fust Crata.ceous macrofloral assemblage from the basin. was
discovered (Medwell, 1954b).
,
,',
'.
17,
Data from the basin, the stratigraphic implicationE. cf whic~ a~~
not directly incorporated in the ensuing discussion or are of ger.er-a.l interest
are available from Cookson (1953a, b, 1965), Deflandre & Cook~on (1955),
Cookson &Eisenack (1961b, 1962), E1senack & Cookson (1960), Cookson &Dettmann (1959, b, c; 1961),.Gookson &, Manum (1964), llarris (1965), an.d
Harris &Cookson (1965).
Although this report is only concerned with palynological aspects
of the Mesozoio, notes on the foraminiferal ·c?ntent of ma.~ sections in the
basin have been issued or published by nr N.H:··~dbrook (Depa:!'tment of Jili.n-as,
South Australia), Mr. D.J. Taylor (Departmen\"bf Mines, ViC':toria) and"Prof.
M.F. Glaessner (UniverSity of Adelaide). No bibliography of these reports
is supplied here, bu~ they are referred to as necessar.-.f in the text.
EXISTING BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SCHEMES
lnevitab~, ~~w biostratigraphic divisions wsre re~cgnized during
early studies of the Otway Basin. Ages of samples and seotions were
expressed in terms of the accepted Ellropean nomenclatu.re, derived i.n. tUI:ll
from simil~r usages in micropalaeontological studies of the Great Artesian,
Carnarvon and Perth Basins.
Dc~las (1962) introduced concepts of tr.ree m1oroplsnkt~n zone~
in Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments across tile Ot't'l8\f Basin, ixv::n the,
Nelson Bore" i.!1 the ·...est to Port Campbell No.2 in the east. For the Upper
Cretaceous he introd1,1ced an upper zone with Uelsoniella sp. alid a lower ZlJns ,"with specialized forms such as ~.* pellucida, .!!. micracantha, 1!. triparli ta .'
~d Amphidiadema ap., &011, numbering these zonae 2 and 3 re6pe~tively'. Evans
(1962) introduced four Cretaceous microplankton zones, Odcntochitina op~~··
culata, Deflandrea cretacea, Nelsoniella aceras, and XE'nikoon australiR in
ascending order. The zone of Q. operculats in" the Otw~ Basin is a Teil-zona,
representing only an upper portion of the known range of th~ nominate 6pe~ie6
(Cookson & Eisenaokr 1958; Evans in Vine & Jauncey, 1962;c£ Edgell, 1964).The ranges of 1h cretace!!, !. aceras and f. australia ove:t-::i.ap each other, bo":.t
their relative stratigraphic positions pennit recognition of the three nom··
inated divisions of the Upper Cretaceous sequence. Both E-,rans: and Douglas 'schemes suffer from a lack of adqquate sampling in certain sections aJ'"J.d the
apparent absence of key fossils in critical samples. The base of zcr.e 3 and
the boundary (or interval) between the ~. cretacea ar.d Q. oper~~ata Zones i-~
particular are ur-satisfactori~ defined for these rea~ons.
* "DII = Deflandxea.
is.
Det~n (1963) proposed for the Lower Cretac~U8 three spore
Assemblages, named Stylosus, Speciosua, and Paradoxa after the trivial ~ea,of thre:e species, which occur in ascending sequence. Of the microfossils
described by Dett:na.nn, only the nominate species, prybelosporit~~ stylr;;S'..:.s
Det'bann is restricted to the StylcBuB Assemblage, &..!ld j.n tha sba~nce c,1" this
type, the un.it cannot be positively identified. Dettma1L'1 re0~gni.zed the
Stylosus Assemblage Qnly in Penola No. 1 (basal core samp19) in the Otw~
Baei~, and in 25 feet of section at the base of CootabarJ.ow No~, 2 in the
G:r·eat Artesian Basin. She alsc found it in isolated. 8aJIiples from the Kirre.f;k
area of eastern Victoria and in the Warren District Dor~ No. 10528 in New
South Wales. The position of the base of the Stylosus Assemblage is thu~ n.ot
determined and the zone has at present limited applica~ion as a- stratigraphic
concept. The bases of the succeeding Speciosus and Paradoxa Assemblages ~e,marked by the ·appearance of a number of species; the n.omi~te types
(nictyotospcrites sp&=iosus, Coutospora paradoxa) are relativeLy common wi~hin
their ranges and form useful markers. Dettmann indicat~ that the Speciosus
Assemblage could be StO.bdivided into a lower unit with 1furcspore fl,:.rtda and
an upper one with Cr,.·belospori tes stria-tus.
Dettmann (in &nedeck, 1964) added two higher assemblages t.o the
sequence: essemblage II, maI.'ked by the first appea.rance of tricclpate
(angiospenmou.s) pollen3j assemblage III, characterized qy a 'Gleicheniidit8s-- ---,sp.
Dettmann :r'~lated her Lower Creta.ceous asssmblages to stages as
recoBIllzed in South AU9tra,1ia, and has continu~ to 6xprese 't"-3sul ts in th::.a
reanner (e.g. in &.in, 1964b). As this approacll tra."l&po;ses to the paJ..;-rn·Jlog
iC41 scheme inac~uracias of definition which may be ~Ls~errt in the South
A~straliarl usGg€, it ~st be followed with caution.
~."8J1S (1963b) indicated faux informally :n.amed divisio:'lF. of the
Lower Cretaceous and one of the Upper Cretaceous of the Gr3at Artesian. B3sin.
As the schem~ was based on combined spore and micropla.'lk:ton data., :L t cannot
be applied to the Ot1J~ Basin, where microplankton are generallj' 8.::aro::l?.
No oi,her palyrlo-biostratigraphic divisions have been inte~tionally
proposed for the Upp<3I' Creta=eous. Cockson (1954) introduced a schame oJ!
three assemblages t which she thought were Lc.wer Cretaceou;:; (Microflora A)
Paleocene or early E::-cene (Microflora B), and &lcene or you..~er (M..i.~roflora
C). Of thesf:, Uie·roilera B may in part cover some of +.h13 Upper CretaceOU3
(see p. 28 ).
•
,
".
."
"',
Glaessner (1961) noted that foramiJ?,.iferal evldence fl.·om the
Belfast ~bdstone (unit Gf) o~ Flaxman's No.1 and Port Campbell Nos 1 & 2
favours a Turonian age for most of the formation, altho~l it is possible
that ID?re than Turonian may be represented. Taylor (1964a) recogv.ized a
sequence of two foraminiferal zonules, which he translated in terms of the
EUropean nomenclature (Turonian and Senonian), and for which he drew ~~~port
from the microplankton studies by Cookson & Eisenack (1961a) and Cookson
& Balme (1962) (cf. Harris, 1965). It should b~ noted that Taylor's
deductions must stand on the foraminiferal evidence alone as the miQro
plankton age determinations are based on evidence from sections also dated
by Foraminifera in Western Australia (Cookson & Eisenack, 1960). Houever,
Taylor's stage identifica.tion? are of great .-value in ind-i.cating the approx
imate age of the associated microfloras, 80 tr~t the time spans ir. which the
over- and underlying microfloral sequences were flourishing may be jlldged.
STRATIGRAPHY
From studies of the stratigraphic palynology of the Gr.eat
Artesian BasL~ a scheme of informally named pa~ologic81 divisions for
much of the Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic is being developed (Evans, ·196.3b,
1964, 1965). In order to extend this sequence, similar principles fo~
recogni ti0z:1 and definition and similar forms of nomenclatiITe fcr the divisi.o:ls
identified in the 9tway Basin are employed below~ Pa~ological divisions
in the Otway Basin differ from ones in the Great Arte8i~~ Basin in nO far
as the scales are restrict.ed either to spores and pollen ,: or to mi~:c.,plBnkton:
the vary~ depositional and environmental facies of the Otway Basin wJak~
stratigraphic schemes based on combinations of the ranges of both terLestrial
and aquatic microfloras useless as stratigraphi(~ markers. Compariso:n.-s of
these palynolog:i.cs.l Wlits with other existing schemas for the ba.:::in are
included as necessary.
Because this report is intended·to be a rev·iew, the ranges of
every species knovm to occur·in the basin has·not been cJhecked, and. t in
consequence, discussion is restricted to the stratigraphic dist:cibution of
selected species (Table 2). Lists of associated species may be obtained
from th~ references alresQy cited. The relationships of the zones and
formations' discussed are summarized in Table 3.
Pre-Mesozoic
Only four subsidized wells, Ca9terto~ No. 1, K~langadco No.1,
Pretty Hill No .. 1 and Ferguson1 s Hill No. 1 have:t:enetrated. tee Mesozoic cf
the Otwavr Basin to enter? Palaeozoic basement. Only on.& sampl~ of this
basement, fro~ Kalangadoo No.1, c.14, 7069 ft, (lithological urdt V) ·has
been exwnined-ili the BMR for a spore/microplankton content, but i~ yieldec
on~ highly carbonized residues.
'. 20.
Mesozoic - undifferentiated
•
•
Castcrton No. 1 probably penetrated the oldest Mesozoic Sedime~ts
yet encountered in the basin, unit T. The basal 80 feet (appr.) of·this _
section, which yielfle~ Mesozoic plant remains, are overlain by twq dolerite
stlls (7850-70 ft and 7895-947 ft) of Middle Jurassic (Krueger b. Cundill,
1965) or basal Cretaceous(Australian National University in Cundill, 1965)
age; . the plants w~r~ thought to b~ of Jurassic age (White ia Cundill, 1965).
The sills were succeeded by' mediwn grey,. dense, hard, mic.a-:eou~ and ca""C'bon··
aceous shales and siltstone to a level of about 7265 feet below surface,
from which 0.18, 7385-95 ft, has yielded abundant carbonized plant tissv.e,
a moderate number of carbonized and fragmented spores, among wnich
Baculatisporites cf. ~. comaumensis (Cookson), arr. Laricoidites 9p. a.'1d
MycopoditimSDoI~tes ap; wer9 found. The association of the lorig-ranging
forms !. comaume~ais and HYcoDodiumsporites sp. indicates that c.18 is no
older than the Jurassic, but there is insufficient eVidence to indicate
which part of the Upper Mesozoic is represented. J. Delle.VJ.bach and· P.J.
Jones (pers. comm.) noted '.1ndetemined ostracods in this core.
Casterton No.1, c.14, 6396 ft, from the lower parts of >.mH P,
yielded a relative~ abundant microflora, among which ~copodiumapoI~tes
circolumenus Cookson & Dettmann, ForaminiaporiS wonthaSRidnsie (Cookson &Dettmann), Klukisporites seaberis '(Cookson & Dettmann) and aff. Dict;'{c~9.§.;.
porites complex Cookson & Dettmann, with rare acritarchs (MicrI;,ystridi1lJll
spp.) were faurid. L. circolumenus raIl8es from within the .Jurassic. pa.l.y':l(:-
logical unit J5 into the Cretaceous (Cookson & Dettmann, 1958; Dettm~J1,
196); Ev-ans, 1965), !. scaberis, ~. complex and!:. wontha.ffi3j..ens;s hava
been observed in unit J6 and. younger in the Great Artesian Basin, and hence
the age of this horizon may be socewhere in the Lower CretaceOl..'..s or uppe-r..
mest Jurassic, no older thar~ unit J6 (of about Tithonian age).
No equivalent to Casterton No.1, c.14, has yet been recognized
elsewhere in the Otwa;r Basin. Although it appears to repr~r;lent a po:['tion of
unit P, all other s~~ples from that formation have yielded typical Kl
a.ssemblages.
Lower Cretaceous
Derinition of the Jurassic - Cretaceous boundar,y in Australia
by palynological mean3 i3 s-:;.i11 vague, as there is no great microf'loral,change at about that level. - Dettmann (1963) thcught that beds with
Cicatricosis?orites a~straliensis and Dictyotosporites speci~ could b~
•
.,.' ',;.''.' .
. '. '
. ..:' ::-:::.. "
UNITPALYNOLOGICAL
': . '.
, ..
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....
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,. !"
. ...
. ' " ,.'"; I
NAME
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". i-ABlE.2,D;-~TRI8!rri';,.j::',QF ·M.qR~E",·FOHll~:. '. ., ~ '. . ..- . , '.:" .'
,.'.-..
....· , .'.:' ....., .
.'. '.
.. , .,",.~-', ' , ':'. . .'
,':,~,' .•.. :..\:. -'., .. ~" ", ,.' ,
' ... ".",'.' .. ~ ..:-..-.. '
"
,, ,,' ~ ..'.
; .
· .· ,.;,
.....
, .
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...'0
:'.~' <.~., --",
." .:'"
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: ,,:. ~ '.;'
. ~, ..... .
". >,." .," '.:"J(."
., .
.<:.:~.~.: :..,
:-.'-''. I- ,
•
- - I- H-++-H-+-+I---i·.1- .1- f-
- -1-++.
· 'I'
..':;";'...
.'.'.. ' ...,
~.' " ,.' ,; ".: ...... ".
· .' '-.. " -. .\.',.' ,
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,Beach No., 1, c.299" 12 1
top of unit K1a cannot
is apparently missing.
part of the Speciosus
"
.
"
.
21,
regarded as Cretaceous in age, bu:t Evans;'(in Henderson ~ .al., 1963) re0o.rd~a..both species in,beds of possibly Upper Jurassic age in the Csnning Basin.
However, until the problem is examined further, Dettmannls cz~teria axe maine.
tained for the purposes of this report."
Unit K1a
The base of unit K1a, the oldest Cretaceous unit recqgnizable in
the Otway Ba8in~ is marked by the first appearance of Cicatricosisporites
australiensis (Cookson), CyCIOSPo;itee~hggheSi (Cookson & Dettmanr~), an.Q, ,
Dictyotospoiites specioslls (Cookson & Dettmann). The top of the ~nit is m~~ked
by the last appearance of Muxosj,ora" florida (Bal.me).
Bed~ fall~ within these limits ax'e identified in Penola No.1,
0.19, 4390 ft t9 total deptQt 4985 f~,.and in Heathfield No~ 1, 0.16, 5990 ft
to c.19, 1499 ft. Unit K1.~ commences within these sections in litno1.~gi'~'&.l
uni t P and ends in unit M•.
B?cause of the presence ~f ~. speciosus, horizons P9~sib~ of K1a
age occur within unit P of Ca,sterton No.1 (as low as c.~-2, 5609 ftL unit P~
of~'Eumeralla No.1 (c.25, 10," 302-05 ft), and unit R of Pretty Hill No.1
(c~ 20, 1200-14 ft); because of the presence of C. australiensis,. GeJ.twoori
222-32 ft, .in unit P, could also b6!of K1a age. T:lebe determined in these sections, becausE; M,. fl(1r).%
K1a incorporates Dettmar4~ls Styloeus and the lower
Assemblages.
Unit K1b
Unit K1b'includes the continued appearance of £!ctr:ic(\siapo~
australiensis and Dictyotosporites speciosus; its'upper li~it i~ marked by
the last appearance of Qyclosporites hughesi •. It forms a portion of De+'tmanrl1s
Speoiosus Assemblage~ younger than that containing~. flo~ida.
The UJ1it is de-fined in Penola No.1 between (,.'-.12 j 3363 ft anr'l. c.15~
3928 ft~ €L~d in Heathfield No.1 between 0.12, 4621 ft, and u q 15, 5693 ft. It
is confined in both .these sections to a portion of litholcgical unit M.
The base of K1b is not alwa.ys determinable (see above). Simils,:ly
the upper liDdt of K1b is not very satisfactorily defined eXGept' in Caste:t"l;on
No. 1 and Penola No. 1. Beds probably referable to K1b, be:c.ause of th~ir
content of D. speciosua and Q~ hughesi occur in Heathi'ield No. 19 Geltwood- ~
Beach No.1, Ehmeralla No.1, Pretty Hill No.1 and Fergusonls Hill No. "i' •
22.
The limits of unit R (Pretty Hill No. t) within K1a-b are: also undeteriIlined,
although the Basins Study Group thinks that unit R interfingers with unit P,
which a~pear9 to be of K1a age •
.!l£.i t K1 c
Unit K1c is the most unsatisfactorily defined unit of all because
its existence is recognized b,y negative evidence alone. However, it is noted
that the end of the range of £. hughesi and the commencement of the range of
9;ybelosporites striatus (Cookson & Dettmann) (marker fossil of K1d) do not
overlap, and there seems to be an interval witnout either of these species,
known for the present as unit K1c.
Kole is traced to Casterton No.1, c.4, 3601 ft, and to Penola No.
1, 0.11, 3180-90 ft. It is probably represented, a~though ~ot sampled in
Heathfield No.1 between c.l0, 4146 ft and 0.12, 4621 It; Ewmeralla No. I
between 0.13, 6254-51 ft and c.18, 1112-14 ft; and Ferguson's Hill No.1
between c.21, 1330-45 ft and c.22, 1818-32 ft. It is probably represented
in Geltwood Beach No.1, bu.t there is insufficient evidence from that well
with which to define useful limits.
Unit K1d
Unit K1d is within the uppermost part of Dettmann's Speciosus
Assemblage. Its base is marked by the first appearance of Cr;ybelosnorites
str;atus (Cookson & Dettmann), it~ top by the first appearance of Coptospora
~doxa (Cookson &Dettmann) (characterizing ~it K2). ~. speciosus occurs
throughout K1d.
K1 d is represented 'b-.f Penola No.1, c10, 2990·· 3000 .tt and Heath
field No.1, c.10, 4146 ft. However, a more expanded version of the zone is
represented in Casterton No.1 between c.1, 2017 ft and c.}, 3142-52 ft.
Although its lONer limits have not been fixed, the zone is represented in
Geltwood Beach No. 'j at least by c.15, 5655-63 rt and 0.16,6081-96 ft.
EUmeralla No.1, c.13, 6254-57 ft, the basal section of F1axma~ls No.1,
betwe~ c.41, iO~ 807-09 ft and c.44, 11., 519-21 ft, a.~d Ferguson1s Hill No.
1, c~19, 7037-47 ft to c.21, 1330-45 ft, also represent. the zone.
The "Heathfie.ld Sand tl (Bro\'m, 1965) occ·::.m3 in Heathfield No.1
over the interval 4'115 to 4144 feet and is just above, or within the K1d zone
(known from 0.10, 4146 ft). Based on electrio log characteristioe, the
"Heathfield Sand" is suspe~ted to be at the base of K1d (or ip. K1c). Howeve.r,
it is devel~ped towards the top of K1d in Ca$terton No. 1, w~ere a mar~ed
expansion is noted in the thickness of K1 d. This supports Brown I s idea. of'
an unconformity at the base of the Heathfield Sand", and suggests that
.,
,
,
23.
consi,derable erosion toole'place at.t~t time in the Penola - Heatilfield area.
:
Unit K2a
Dettmann (1963) took the point of first appearance of CoptQspora
paradoxa as ",the commencement of the p?radoXa Assemblage. This is chcsen as
the base of K2. Dettmann also noted that thl? ranges of ~. ,spedos"tls and
"£. paradoxa overlap in some samples. This oi;.~rlap is alight in terms of
thickness of section and hence forms a useful marker horizon, which is
denoted as unit" .K2a-.
Only single samples in any one section have demonstrated tr~e
overlap: Penola No.1, c.9, 2790-98 it; Beachport No. 1, ~.9, 3665-15 it;
Flaxman,'s Np. 1, c.4O, 10, 492-502 rt; and Ferguson.ls Rill No.1, c.18,
6555-70 ft. ~ The zone could be present in Casterton No.1, Geltwood :Bea.vh
. No". 1, EUme~11a No.1, and Pretty Hill No.1, a1 though the palynologi~l
evidenc'e to. prove it is unavailable. ..
Unit K2b
The range of Coptospora paradoxa beyond its overlap with ~.
~peciosus and prior to the introduction of'tricolpat~/tripora~eangiospermous
':Po~lens charar..:terizes unit K2b. Dettmann recorded seYeral species chamcter
istic of the Paradoxa Assemblage, including Trilobosporites. trioreticulcsus, .Cookson & Dettmann, which may be regarded as·,.characte;ristic of K2b. Dettma.l1n
. ~;~.~ ~
(1963) and Evans (1963) noted the first appearance of angiosper.m pol~ens in
the Winton Formation of the Great Artesi~ Basin. Dettmann i..I:.cluded the..Winton Formation in the Paradoxa Assemblage, but it is better to regard the
introduct~on of angiospermouB pollens as another marker horizon and restrict
K2b to belo:¥, that level. The top of 'K2b in the Beachport··Casterton area is
convenient.;J.y marked by an uncOnf?l'm;ity at the top of lithologi-::al ll.Ylit M.
In the eastern portions of the basin, the first angiospermou~ polleIl..8 ot'·c1l.'!'
wi thin the Waarrel,Formation in Port Campbell No.1, c.23, 5700..08 ft, an
horizon which could be thought of' as~;clo8e' to the top of unit K2b. Thus K2b,, ' '
occurs within. lithological unit M in the western Otway Basin~ and.in ~it M
and the lower,b~t,major portion of· the.Waarre Formatio~ in the eastern areas.;. '" ' . . '•... "..; :}.~.l::':!~·~;~::,,"~~' ;, '_,' ... ",. ~ __ ;..,:~,.. .;; .. ' ',.. "":::2 ' .;':.'.' <'.~~f{,,"c: ',r,' r~.,';'':'T;);~",~.-: ':, -.. :...•. I .__ ,.!:'.uC.' ,)~. ,... x, .•_, ...~_.\. _ ·.,IPi., .'\1._.... ,_. '. "', .
... :". ', .."\ :- '\ . .. ..... ,. .~··>;~1;.-[i_:·~~~..~ '.. \
K2b is re;presented by outcrop in the Merino area, three miles
W.N,W. of Casterton (sample W-12) at Tahara Bridge (sample W-139) , snd
,,\,
possibly at Merino (sample W-31) Evans, 1961c). Little may be judged .of
the'stratigraphic significance of these determinations until a more system
atic examination by mapping and perhaps shallow drilling of the Qutc:."Ops
around Merino is undertaken. They indicate that at least three points
within the "Merino Groupll are Lower Cretaceous unit K2b, by De-ttmann's
criteria" of late- Aptia..'t or Albian age. Medwell (19548., b) regarded most
of the macroflqral localities in the Merino district as Jurassi~ age, but
d.e.ted only one section (in the ''Ihumymede Formation" at Killara Bluff) as
Cretaceous, based on the occurrence of a fossil angiospenn leaf. As nru.cl:.
more of the Merino area Mesozoic appears to be Cretaceous in age than
.:Aedwell supposed,' this angiosperm may be of Uppe:;o rather thar~ Lower ~etac..
eauS age, in accordance \r.ith the first appearance of angiospermous pollen
in post-K2b, approximately Cenomanian times. Kenley (1954) noted an
erosional disconfono.ity below the "Runnymede FormationU a.r>A. above the. . .
''Mocamboro.Member'' at Killara Bluff. If it is in fact an,unconform.ty or
regional extent, it could be an expression of the post Mh1atu~, rather than
representative of a break in early Cretaceous times.
The validity of this argument -rests on the possibility that
angiospermous plants are post-Lower Cretaceous. However, Douglas (1965r
rega,rded the angiosperm leaf from 4')20-30 feet in Yangery No. 1 Bore ~s
Lower Cretaceous in accordance with his previous Buggestion of a Ilpre-Upper
Cretaceous" age. Ta;ylor (1964a., Table 1, fig. 6) showed ·the leaf 'horizon
to be below his Zonule A, and also in the Lower Cretaceous. Sprigg & Woolley
(1963, Table 1) regarded the horizon as in the Paaratte Formation qr Belfast
f!udstone (i.e. Upper Cretaceous).
It Seems inad'lisable under these circumstances to continue to
use the terms "Rur....vmedetl and ''llocamboro'' for subsurface sections in the
western Otway Basin (e.g. Hare & Associates, 1963).
Upper Cretaceo..ls
•
".
Although <~osperm pollen have been recorded from the
{
Upper CretaceouB sections I particularly in the eastern regions of the basin,
few of them are described, and additional work is required before much
stratigraphic use 16 made of them. The Upper Cretaceous microplankton are
better documented and afford a means of biostratigraphic division of the
containing beds. However, the first appearance of angiospenns is taken as
a marker for the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Microplankton, inclu~ing
~noflagellates are well established where this takes place in the Waarre
Foxmation (~ unit J). The incooing of angiospermous po~len Beems ~o ccincide
with the introduction of the oldest recognizable microplankton zone of
Ascodinium parvum.* Edgell (1964) recognized a sequence of microplankton
* Chosen in pref6~ence to the Teil-zone.of Odontochitina operculata, because
of its restricted range.
'.
.,
"
25.
zones in the Cretaceous of the ~erth Basin, Western Australia, but they. are
not applicable to the Otway Basin.
Ascodinium parvum Zone+
Ascodinium parvum Cookson & Eisenack occurs briefly in Po~t CamR
bell No.2 between c.6, 7906-06 it and c.8, 8100-02 ft (top of W~Te
Formation and Flaxmanls Beds) in association with a variety or"microplanktcn.
including Odontochitina operculata Deflandre & Cookson, Hystrichodinium cf.
oligacanthum Deflandre & Cookson, PalaeohYstrichophora infueoxioides Defl.,
an'"assQciation which is of about Ceriomanian age (Cookson"& EisenacK, 1958)-.
A similar"association, lacking!. parvum, but including another Csnomanian
species, Deflan~ea acuminata Cookson & Eisenack, occurre~ in Port Campbell
No.1, c.22, 5660-65 ft to c;23, 5700-08 ft (Waarre Formation). An abundant
microplankton assemblage, including Ascodinium parvtlJ1l, !. serratum, ,Q.
operculata and rare tricolpate (angiosperm) pollen , and hence ~eferred to
the A. parvum Zone, occurred in Geltwood Beach No.1, c.8, 3773-9) ft
(particularly at 3774 ft), but in the top of lithological 'Wlit M. It would
appear tr.at, in splte of Hth¢iO~C~i.]:···~V;idencefor an 'Wlconfo:rini.ty between
the' Waarre Formation and unit 14 in the eastern part of the basin~ the Waarre
Formation and possibly the Flaxman's Beds were formed contemporaneously with
at least the uppermost parts of unit 14 in the western regions. in .!.. I!.~'J:!!!!.
Zone times.
Deflandrea cretacea Zone*
-,
The next recognizable unit is the Zone of Deflandrea cretace~
Cookson, taken fro:n the comnencement of the range of D. cretacea to ,::here it
eventually overlaps with the range of the succeeding zone fossil Nelsoniella
aceras. Thus defined, the zone occurs in the. upper parts of the Belfast
Mudstone (= unit ar), but the relationship of the !. parvum and~. cretacea
Zones is not clear. Cuttings from the Flaxman l s Beds in Port Campbell No.1,
5600-10 ft, yielded R. cretacea, but the oldest record from a core sample is
much higher in the sequence, from c.• 21., 5223-31 ft, and similal:"~.Y in
Flaxman's No.1, from c.16, 5958-68 ft. It is possible that ~. ~retace~
first appears sometime later than the .last appearance of !. pa~~~, and tr~t
an unclassified gap occurs in the sequence. A similar problem o~~~rs below
the first appearance of ~.- cretacea in the westem portion of the basin.
·T~Syml)(hized by IIA.p~1 on Plates 4a and 4b.
* Symboli~ed by IID.c. lI on Plates 4a and 4b.
26.
1!. cretacea was not found in Mount Salt No. 1 below c.20, 5490 ft, in the
. N. aceras Zone; Deflandreidae app.• undiff." were found down to 0.26, 7473
ft; and tricolpate (angiosperm) pollen to 0.30, 8919 ft. The basal core,
0.34, 10,037 ft, yielded ijystrichosphaeridium heteracantrr~ Deflandre &Cookson (cammon throughout the Upper Cretaceous of the Otway Basin) and
Gonyaulacidae undif'f., reminiscent of the' GOll\Yaulacidae of the .!. parvum
Zone and below, With Aeguitriradites tilchaensis (Cookson & Dettmann),
!. verrucosus (C. & D.) and Laevigatosporites ovatus Wilson & Webster,
an assemblage comparable with "high horizons in K2b. It is possib~e tr~~
beds with no. equivalent in the eastern portion of the basin are present in.the Mount Salt area, but additional study of the section is required to
resolve the question.
Nelsoniella aceras Zone*
The Deflandrea cretacea Zone is succeeded by the Zone of Nelsorr
iella aceras Cookson & Eisenack, taken from th~ ho~zon of first appearance
of N. acems to the first appearance of Xenikoon australiS.
The zone species first appears in Port Campbell No.1, c. 18,
4862-64 ft, but could be found nO'lower in Flaxman's No.1 than c.8, 4974
83 ft. The Port Campbell horizon is close to the bott0m of the Paaratte
Fonnation (.. unit Cd), whereas the Flaxmanl.s level is over one third up
from the base of the same unit. However, associate spe~ies in Port
Campbell No.1, Gymnodinium nelsonense Cookson and Amphidiadeoa denticulata
Cookson &~se~ck, occur in Fl8iman1 s No.1, c.13, 5458-63 ft and 0.15,
5543-46 ft respectively, towards the base of the Paaratte Formation.
Hexagonifera vermiculata Cookson & Eiaenack occurs in the latter samples,
and, with 9:,. nelsonense and!. denticulata in Belfast No.4 )3ore at levels
close to the base of the Paaratte Formation and. the top or' the Belfast Mad··
stone (Cookson & Eisenack, 1961s; Weegar, 1960), and at Port Campbell at
least within or straddling the base of the !. aceras Zon~. The base of -the
]i•. aceraS Zone is extended down to c.15, 5543-46 ft in Flaxman's No. 1
accordingly. The pollen ~ornplex associated vrith the !. aceras Zone L~cludes
the first appearance of Triorites edwardsii Cookson & Pike (Port Caopbell
No.1, c.17, 4158-60 ft)~PhYllocladiditeB mawsonii Cook2on. (Gelwood Beach
No.1, 0.7, 3632 feet).
* Symbolized by IIN.a. u on Plates 4a and 4b.
\~.
".
.,
,.
....
",
",
.~, I
27,' .
,R- aceraa has been recorded fro~· the Paaratte Formation in Mou..'1,t
Salt No. 1 and the "Nelson Bore•. Its' possible range in the Nelson Bore is
e::.<tended: downwards to at least 6233 ft., be~use ·of the presenc.e of G;ymnodinium
nelsl?nense at that level' (Cookson, 1~56). 'However~ in contrast to its
distribution in the eastern wells, the!. aceras Zone does not eXtend down
to: or beyond the base of the Paaratte Formation "in the MOULt Salt,- Nelson
area.
Xenikoonaustralis Zone*
Xenikoon australis was first described by Cookson & Eisenack
(1958) from Campanian sedimerits, in the Carri?rvon Basin, and it OC~urs in
an approp.riately high position in .the Otway Basin'. Its full range in t,he
basin ~s.?ot yet been dete~ined, because of the lack of samples, but iox. the present,. the base of a Zone of Xenikoon australis is taken at the point
of first appea~ce of X. australis, arid"aII 'points 'of OCCl~rrence of t,ha.t.·'!' -
fossil are ih~uded within the zone.. I·
Nothofagidites cf •. deminuta (Cou~er) and Dac;ydiumites florinii Cookson &~ke make their first· appear~ce wfthin or just before the .!;, 'australis Zone.
An upper portion of the Paaratte Formation and at least two
thirdl:!. of the "Curdies Beds ll (in Port Campbell No.1) represent the X•. -
australis Zone. The zone fossil has been detected as far west ae MOllr.,.t
Salt No.1, but'could only be found in 0.14,4538 ft. A possible represent
ative of the zone was sampled in Heathfield No.1; ('..-2, 1378-93· ft, fI.'o~ t.he
"Curdies Beds", where a fragmentary specimen, possibly referable to .!".australis was-noted. ._ . .. ,::..'-"z··.· -.'_ ._..~•.
Lack of information from above the !. australis Zone pr~cludes
determination of a satisfactory top to the zone and additional subdiv~sion
of the "Curdies Be~s". However, there are: indications tt.l8.t these aims
eventually may be realized. Douglas (1-962) identified IA post.-Mesozcic,
early Tertiary zone of large II.Q.. bakeri II type micro-org8.nisms". Deflandrea.
bakeri was first described by Deflandre & Cookson (1955) from ~ltDrops of, .
the Pebble Point Fonnation. They recognized at the time a varietY1 D.
b8keri f. pellucida, in the_Nelson Bore, core at 3874 ft' 1 and i.n the Pebble
. Point Formation outcrop. Cookson & Eigena~k (1958) raised f. o€llucida to
specific rank aftero
recognizing it in ~he Korojong Calcarenite of Campaniwl
Maestrichtian age in the Carnarvon· Basin. Dougla.s apparently includes
occurrences of both bakeri and pellucida in his IIJD. bakeri" type I zone? b"J.t
'in fact records D. bakeri only from Heywood No. 10, 4300 ft 1* which.Leslie- ,
* Symbolized by "X.a. 1I on Plates 4a and 4b.
* Symbolized by "D.k." on Plate 4a-
J 28.
(1-~65) include~ ~n the Bahgflilah ForIila.tion. Apart from Deflandre & Cookson's
record of~~. pellucida from" Nelson, Douglas reported ?~. pellucida from
:Belfa~t No.4, 4074-6 ft (~atte Formation acc; Weegar, 1960), and Port
Campbell No. 2~ . Douglas indicated in his section that his liD. bakeri ll type
zone was represented in the latter well at 4800 feet (low in the ~'Curdies
.Be~s")., although in his text he records D. cf. pellucida from 5910-11 ft
(top of the Belfast Mudstone), probably below the level of the~li. aceras "
Zone. It appears that the lll~. bakeri" type zone I is not an effective"
stratigraphic marker. However, the one identification of the holotypF.! of
~. peilucida high in the "Curdies :Beds" in the Nelson Bore, coupled with
Cookson & Eisehack's determination of the species in the CarnarVon Basin in
beds stratigraphically.your~r than those with Xenikoon australis (~hich is
"no younger than Campani.an) SU8gests that "an uppermost ·division "of the Upper
Cretaceous of the Otway Basin' might be reco~zed by a Zone of" Deflandrea
pellucida,* represented by that part of the range"of ~. pellucida prior to the
int~od:uction of a more typica~ Tertiaiy .assemblage. Such a zonef"waU'dincorporate
the upper part of the "Curdies Beds ll•
Mesozoic - Tertia;y BoundabY
".
Few contributions to determinations of the base of the Tertiar,y
in the Otway :Basin have yet stemmed from palynology. "" The few observations •.
available of microfloras at' or near that horizon provide no indep~ndent
evidence of the position of the boundary•• Deflandre & Cookson (1955) and ~
Cookson (1965) recorded microplankton from the Pebble Po~nt Formation, which
they "regarded as Paleocene on the basis of evidence and reaso~ offered
by Singleton (1943), Teichert (1943) and Baker (1953). Singleton and Teichertin fact considered the" age of the Pebble Point to be in the range Da-~ian
Paleocene. Singleton compared his fossils with ones from the Wangaloan Stage
in New.Zealand. Hornibrook &Harrington (1957) and Wellmann (1959) considered
that the Wangaloan was
the Teurian (Danian).
proposition (1965) is
Paleocene •
an invalid. st88e, and that
The classificatory problem
accepted that the Danian be
its outcrops are" part' of
is resolved if Berggren's
included wi thin the
. Harris (1965) recognized a Triori. tee edwardsii Asseoblage ZOne in
the outcrop of the Pe~ble Point Fonnation and in part of the overlying
Dilwyn Clay, which he refers to the middle Paleocene '.foraminiferal Zone of
Globorotalia pusilla pusilla on opinions ~ppli~d by B. McGowran. McGowran
* Symbolized by "D.p.lI in Plate 4a.
".
. :,c -:- ......,--.- :"
"'.: "
, .
29;·
...
".
".
... ,;
~s since outlined his reasoning for this detennination (1965), implying that
lowermost Paleocene. is not repres~nted in the Otway Basin. The 1. edwardsii
Assembl~e Z.one is based by the ·p;re-Pehble Faint Formation unc_onformi ty I and
hence it' is not yet known whether this zone c·ommences wi thin the ¥esozoic: or
the Ter-tiary·. Harris (.QE.. cit.) re~ded the!. edwardsii Assemblage Zone
as equivalent in part t6lticroflora B of Cookson (1954). Cookson" <.2..£. ill.),recognized Microflo~a Bat 4025 feet in the Nelson Bore, i.e. in the
lICurdies Beds". Evans (1961a) recorded!-. edwardaii from as l~w as -::.17,4758~60 f-t in Port Campbell No. 1', wi thin the N. scer'as Zone (Paaratte
Formation) (see Plate 1, fig. 18), so that the "preseric9 of the nominate
species of the T. edwardsii Assemblage Zone 'cannot be regarded as a su~table
marker of" basal T~rtiary sediments. Otper species of the·!-. edwar~
Assemblage Zone must be checked for ranges more likely to be re,9tricted to
the base of the Tertiary. Members of- the genus Ncthofagidites ma,y be
usef~: for this purpose.
~:r:,the preserit, however, McGowran's "determination on the basis..of foraminifera of a middle Paleocene (Q.. pusilla pusilla Zone) age for the
P~bble Point For.mation is accepted; and the boundary between the Mesozoic
_and, Tertiary considered to be at the unconfonni ty between the lICurdiee Beds lt
and the Pebble Point Formation.
THE· PALYNOLOGICAL AND INTERNATIONAL GEDLOGICAL SCALES
Although division of .the palynological sequence in terms of the
international geological scale int.roduces a false:",sense of accuracy,r ~ ,
demonstration of how the" "palynologica-l and international scales may compara... is desirable for a ,general understanding" of the time sequence in the basin.
As discussed in the preceding chapter, the first appearance of Cicatri
cosisporitea is provisionally accepted as the base of the Cretaceou.s 1 and the
. unconformi ty above the t1CUrdies Beds I! _ is thought to include the top of the
- Cretaceous. Palynological uni ts betwe~n these markers are thougnt to be
dated as in Table 2. It is emphasized that none of these determinatic,08 arc
based on direct comparison of the ranges of the key species in k~Btralia with
those of the same species in Eilrope; they are all 4eri-.red from determinat;ic;ns
'of the age of associated faunas, usually Foraminifera, in other AustI.'8lian
:"s6c'tionS •
U~t K1a is regarded as Ne_ocomian because of its asscciat.ior. with
a Neocomiap macrofauna in Iehi No.· 1 'well, in the Papuan Bas~ (lHR u...·1publ.
, information), and because- i:t i8 not kriown to oc~ higher than about the
Kingull Member of the Blythesdale Formation (underlying beds with an Aptian,fauna) in the Surat Basin (Day, 1964; lt4R unpubl. infoI:mation). It includes
the Stylosa Assemblage, which Dettmann (1'963) reasoned is post-fueridgian,
8nd Valanginian or older in age.
.The interval units K1b to K1d probably commences in the Neocomian
and ends iJl·the Aptian for reasons cited: by Dettmann (196) for the age of
the Speciosus Assemblage. Dettmann obtained her ages freo foraminiferal
and molluscan evidence, which in turn is compared with Whitehouse's (1926)
ammonite sequence in the ~eensland portion of" the Great Artesian Basin. It
is now realized that the Queensland sequence, as understood by Whitehouse,
was fucomplete '(Vine & Da.r, 1965) and it will be necessary to make a direct
comparison with Dayls faunal succession before the ranges of K1D-d may be·..adequately'deter.mined. Dictyotosporites speciosus does not extend above,but
C;ybelosporites striatus ~ppears before "the "end of the range of ~. cerviculum
in the EromaJ188. Basin. 'Where the evidence is available, it appears. that tl:J.e .
microplankton Zone of .Di.ngodinium cerviculum ends at about the top of the
Aptian Dol?-cafr~~~..M~~~r ..of. the Wi,~~8:/~.9~.t,iO~"9(~S"f~,lri'-M~Ph6"Er;":~963J'~
'Eyijij1'~in~¥.:ine-& Jau:ncey, 1962; Vine' & Day,' 1965')... .,: .,....,.
Unit K2a is probably also of Aptian.age, because of ,its .con~ept of
,Q. speciosus. The fact that species of unit K2l:i range through the remainde,r
of the Wilgunya Fomation indicates that the zone is partly Apt-ian but mostly
Albian in age.
The first appearance' of triporate and tricolpate (angiosperm)'
pollen' is probably close to the base of the Upper Cretaceous. Ascodinium ~
parvum and it~ associate Deflandrea acuminata occur at about the same horizon
as the triporate and t:r:icolpate pollen:.. They arE!: recorded from the Cenoman-
ian section of the Gearle Siltstone of the Carnarvon Basin (Cookson &. Eissna~k,
1958), and. hence the A. parvum Zone is regarded as Cenomanian in age. Little
may 'be Said of the age of the Flaxman's Beds and the lower Belfast Mudstone,
but species of the Nelsoniella aceras Zone have been recorded from the
Turonian, Santonian and ?Campanian in Western ~.stra1ia (Cookson & Eisenack,
1960), although these ages must be accepted with caution (Be~rord, 1958;cf.
Edgell, 1964). Taylor (1964a) regarded the Belfast Madstone in the Port (
Campbell area as Turonian and the upper part of the ~elfast Mudstone and the
Paaratte Formation as Senonian, essentially in accordance with the palyno-
logical correlations. Glaessner (1964) reported the ammonite Hauericera~
'angustum Yab~ of Coniacean - Alaestrichtian age from the base of the Belfast
Afudstone.
Cookson ~ Eisenack (19~) recorded Xenikoon australis from a
Campanian and an upper Turonian or middle Senonian horizon, from which it.- . J
could be deduced, when t.he Carnarvon and .Otway Basin sequence~ are compared,
that the presence of !. australis ~ represent a Campanian age. D. pellucida.
was recorded from Campazll8J'.l· to lower Maestrich~_iar~ sediments (Cookson &
Eisenackt 1958) and its presence in the Otway Basin near the top of the
"Curdies Beds ll indicateS that the, upper limit of Mesozoic sedimentation is :,
at least of Maestrichtian age.,
-",', 3h
MICROPLAIlKTON AND DEPOSITIONAL·ENVIROIlMENT
,-
.-
-.
This is a subject better suited to discussion in the wider. cont?~t
of occurrences of microplankton in eastern Australia and their environmenta.l
significance. However, Taylor (1964a,b) has already referred briefLy to
. the relevance of microplankton to the environmental significance of Mesozoic
Foraminifera in the Otway Basin, and the following notes are offered to
supp~ement Taylor's comments and to draw attenti~n to the horizons of o~~~rr
ence of mic~oplankton and some of the limited deductions which malf be drawn
from them at this stage.
The term microplankton appears to have been first applied to
fossil micro-organis"ms .by Deflandre (1938)-,., It: has since gained -ger!..~ral
acceptance amo~~ pa~ologists as an ,all embracing term, although proof tr~t
fossil organisms thus designated were of planktonic, rather than benthonic
~bitat, is usually lacking. The,non-minerali'zed microplanktonic remaif!.s
extracted';pby t,he palynological technique have been generally divided into
dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres and incertae sedis, until reconsideration
of these organisms' biological affinities (Evitt, 1961, 1963,; Wall; 1962)
led Downie, Evitt & Sarjeant (1963) -to propose tha.t "palaeo-microplanktonll
should be separated:',into dinoflagellates. (including hystrichospheres s.s.,
thought to be· encysted.dinoflagellate~) and acritarchs .(hyetrichosphere-like
bodies which cannot be related to dino'flagellates). In anattempt to c.larif;~..
the taxonomic position of these fossils, Downie, Evitt & Sarjeant proposed
that the microplankton should be treated as Plantae under the L~ternatio~l
Eotanical Code of Nomenclature, that the dinoflagellates be incorpo~ated
among the Dinophyceae, and 'that a new Group incertae sedis of Acritar(".ha
should be created to ~ccept the remainder.
~, In their remarks to the diagnosis of the Acritarcha] Dowrtie" Evitt.
&'Sarjeant commented, "In general, the group is marine, but this is not an
essential attribute, for it includes Some nonmarine rODmS (Churchill and ,
Sarjeant, 1962, 1963)". The nonmarine forms referred to were found. in Holo
cene deposits in southern Western Australia, but some valid doubts on the,original environment of their growth were voiced by Varma (1964). Nevertheless,
, .."the record of 'microplankton in Me'sozoic sediments in eastern Australia includes
~everal instances where acritarchs occur in the absence of dinoflagellates,
and where a martne origin for' the sediments may be doubted. Generalizations
on this problem would be premature, and must take note of other indications• •of depositional enviro~ent, such as -associated lithology, sed~ent~~
structures, shape of the containing rock body, distribution of the microflora
in the rock body, and the associated ·fossils. It is also necessary to
distinguish the type of acritarchs present at a given moment~ as some :ma..v
flourish in completely differ~nt environments to others.
.-
· ,.. "'- , ...~
32;·
--OccUrrences of microplankton in the Otway Basin show a clear
s~ratigraphic separation in that dinoflagellates make the~r first appearance
towards the end of K2b times (about.the end of the Albian). Only acritarchs
have been found in older rocks.
Rare occurrences (less than 1%) of the acritarchs Micrhystridium
spp. and/or Veryhachium spp. have been note:d in:
Well Sample Age
Casterton No. 1 c.14, 6396. ft K1a
Beachpo:rt No. 1 c. 9, 3665-15 ft K2aPenola No. 1 c. 8, 2586-96 ft K2bHeathfield ·No. 1 c. 6, 2314 ft K2b
Ellmeralla No. 1 c. 5. 3313-15 ft IC2?b
c. 8, 4812-14 ft K2?b
Flaxmari l s No. 1 c.28, 1416-71 ft K2b
c.34, 8410-16 ft .K2b
EUmeralla No.1, c.10, 5803-05 rt yielded specimens of Qymatic_
sphaera sp.
Casterton No.1, c.12,.5609 ft, and Heathfield No.1, c.19, ·5590 ft,
contained an abundance of a tmicellular organism, descrihed by Eisenack &
Cookson (1960) as "Gen. et sp. indet. Fo~ All. Eisenack & Cookson. found
,thes~ problematica in a few samples from the Great Artesian Basin, ?ut Evans
&: Hodgson (1964) found them in great numbers in the Mesozoic of Woodside -
AROO Duck Bay No.1 in the Mesozoic of the Gippsland Basin. Mr. P. H8.wkins
(pers. coma.) reported that the lithologies associated with the swarms at
fuck Bay, .Casterton and Heathfield are similar in each section; illitic
mudstones or shales with chlorite, sparse calcite, and disseminated carbon
aceous debris. The occurrence of this micX9fossil in swarms implies that it
is from an aquatic and not a terrestrial flora. Micrhystridium sp. and
Veryhachium sp. were associated with the swarm at IXlck Bay; bu;t could not be
found in Casterton or Heathfield.,
,~roblematic microfossils, thought by Cookson & Dettmann·. (1959)
to be spores of vascular plants and identified by the name Schizospor~, but.
which might better be referred to the Acritarcha; occu:r at vario1,1s horizor~
throughOut ·:the basin (Cookson &. Dettmann, 1959~, Dettmann, 1963). Schizo·sporiS
oa.Y includ~ a heterogenous ~oup of fossils •. S. reticulatus is prevala..'"l.t iIi·
InaI\Y horizons in the Otw83' Basin, and takes stain. ~owever,. .§.. spriggi and
2.. parvus, a notably 'abundant ·h~riz~n of whic~. occuxred ·in Casterton No.1,
c.3, 3142 ft, take stain with difficulty in a JnaAller si..I:l.ilar to morphologically
s~lar Inapertisporites d~ Jersey (Mesozoic), Pilasporltea Balme &:. Hennelly
(Permian), Circulisporiill, de Jersey (Permian - Triassic) and Leiosphaeridae
(e.g. in the Permian of the Murra,y and Eromanga. Basins), which are perhaps
types of acritarchs or algae.,,
"
,
"
"
;
Dinoflagellat~s first appear in the Otw~ Basin towards the top,of the unit U in Geltwood Beach No.1 and Port Campbell No.2. They ~ well
established in the Waarre Formation of Flaxman I s No.1, Port Campbell Nos 1
·~d 2 and. Ferguson l s Hill ~o. 1. This is in contrast to their appearance in
.the. Great Artesian Basin as. early as K1b times, at a level c.orresponding
w{th the·major influx of ~crofossils and Toraminifera in the Gilbert River
Formation and its correlates. T~lor.(1964a,b) noted that microplankton
'.. (dinofl~ellates in particular) entered the Otw~ Basin towards the top of
the IlMerino Groupll, prior to the first appearance of Foraminifera in the
~e:lfast Mudstone, and concluded'::U1At the microplankton were tolerant of less
· saline conditions than the Fo·raminifera. However, other factors than
salinity which might control ·the growth of foraminifera and microplankton}~,
and -evidence 'for a marine environment other than the abundance of Foramirdfera,should ·be considered. Examples 't1J8;f be found, where sediments exist wi. th
acritarchs ·but no dinoflagellates; "with acritarchs and dinoflagellates b\:.t" .
no Foraminifera; and with all three nero-organic types together. Acri·ta.r~he
of the Micrlwstridium, Veryhachium type in the PeJ:mian of the Bowen Basin,. .
-for example, vary in numbers from one horizon to another wi thin sections dis-
persed ·With shelly faunas and Foraminifera; similar acritarchs in the Lower
'\Triassic Kockatea Shale of· the P,erth Basin are associated with ammonoids
"'(Balme, 1963; JanSOniU:s, 1962; Dictins & McTavish, 1.963), although no Fora
m~ntfera could be fqund in the same horizons (Belford, pers. corom.).
"
Of the sections discussed by Taylor, the petrologica.l char~cter
of the top of the ''Merino Group" was thought to be of marine origin,· and at
least part of the Waarre Formation contained the marine indicator, glauconite
(Delienbach & Hawkins, 1964). llro"" (1965) thought that sedimentary struct-"res
and lithological characters of the uMerino Group" in the western parts of the,·basin indicate deposition in shallow brackish water under conditions of rapid
sedimentation and burial. Estimates of rapidity of sedimentation J!IUst only
be relative, but Brown1s contention is supported, if the thickn~8S of K1b-d
'age sediments in the Otway Basin, in p~aces probably in excess of 4000 ft~
is compared with the similarly aged 250-300 ft of the Doncaster Member in
the Eromanga Basin and a·.:maximum of about 1300 ft in th~ Surat. Basin •
Taylor (1964b) defined the tem "I!!-arginal marine ll to describe
the Paaratte Formation with its sparse ~enaceou6 micro fa~~ althol~ ~~th.·-i
relativelY. abundant dinoflagellates and a~rit.l:!Xc~s. He included in this term
· sediments deposited in estuaries, deltas, "lagoons and mars~es~: intending the
'\~term to imply t~e marginal depositi?nal area between marine and'nonmarir~e
.:d~posits, ~d not necessarily the margin between land and sea. The concept
appears to differ from· Schuchert l s· (1933) "paralic" condi tiona brought about
in a swampy., coal producing environcent, by lacking the oscillatory- movements,that periodically allowed general·marine flooding to ~ake place. It includes
elements of both the continental and transitional fac1es·of Kr~bein & 51065-.','
(1963)". Amajor implication· of Taylor's concept 'is that areas with such
deposits has at least spasmodic access or connections with normal marine
environments. The "marginal marin'e" environment would be affected by tides
and would change as swamps were drained or flooded and estuaries altered
their courses. The resultant local changes in salinity would in their turn
control incursions' and growth of marine-type micro-organisms. Where depos
ition is rapid, as in the Otway Basin, such changes would be expected and
perhaps the spasmodic oocurrences of microplankton are ephemeral evidenoe
of 'such movements. If this is the case, most.of the "Merino Groupll could
be-regarded as "marginal marine ll in. character.
It would appear that the shoreline advanced northwards in late
Albian times. Regression, followed by tr.ansgression occurred in!. parvum
times, and a final reversion to "marginal marine" conditions took place at
about the beginning of li. aceras times. Wh~reas the local picture may be of
repeated development of lImarginal marine" environments, the overall history;
of the Mesozoic of the landward portions of :he Otway Basin is thus of
paralic conditions, with a major marine encroachment during the first half
of the Upper Cretaceous. The ''Merino Group'i~ of Lower Cretaceous age .should
not be excluded from any consideration of the cycles of development of the
basin (cf. Taylor, 19648., bj Glenie & Bock, '1965) •
. , .. '-?-. ".'.
.~ !~
".-
.'
' .
35.,
REFmmclll .,
.
,
'0 ..: ~:cAr.LIAJicEOIL D~ELOPMmr AUSTRALIA", _..~ ' .. N.li •., 1966
. ,.,~
Completion report Kalangadoo No. 1O.E.L. 22, South Australia (unpubl.).
Wel;l completion report, Pret.ty Hill No.1, sou~hweat Victoria. Frome-BrokenHill Co. Pty Ltd Rep" 7200-G-94(unpubl.) •
Well c0mp1eti9n report - Ferguson's Hill·No~ 1, southwest Victoria. Ibid.,(unpubl.),
'BAIN, J.S" 196~a -
....BAlN, J.S., 1964b -
" .'
Well completion report1:-, southwest Victoria.
- Sherqrook No.Ibid., (impubl:.).
BAKER, G., 1953 - The relation of the QYclammina-b~aring
~ediments to the older T~rtiary depositssouthea~t of Princetown, Victoria.Nat.Mus·.Melb.Mem., "8, 125-134.
BAKER,· G. & COOKSON, loC" 1955 ~ .
St~di~s of the Nelson Bore sediments"w.estern .Victoria. Geol.S..L.'Y'V. Vic. Bull. ,58,....
BAKER, Go; 1'961 -
: .. ',. '. ,-Age of the Nelson BoreJ.Sei., '7, 133-134•
"sediments., ~.
.. .BALME, B.E., 19637 P~ant microfossils from the"a661c of Western Australia.tology, 6(1), 12-40.
Lower TriPalaeon-
BELFORD, D._., 1958 -.
··.Bl]lGGRm., W..A., 1965
"-' .
Stratigraphy and micropalaeontology ofthe Upper Cretaceous o~ Western
·Australia. Geol.Rund., 47(2), 629-941 •. ~. ' ..'.. ,"
~. Weil completton report - Port Campbell~., ~No. 4', southwest Victoria. FroT:le··&oke.l1
..: .. ::.. H!l.;[tCo. Pty Ltd., (·unj>ubl.).• • ~-::.., < l.. ", ," :
'. . Pa:.J.eocene,. a micropaleontologist's poL'lt'of View. full.Amer.Ass.Pet.r.Geol~,
49(9), 1473-1484·
\
BOCK, P;E. &GLENIE, R.C., 1965 -
BOUTAKOFF,N. & SPRIGG, R.C., 1953 -
BROWN, G.A., -1'965 -
.. '
,
Late Cretaceous and Tertiary depoaitionalcycles in south-western Vi0toria. Proe.Roy.Soc.Vic., 79(1), 153-163.
Summary report on the pc~roleam possibilitie~' of the Mount Gambier Sunklands.!lIin.Geol.J., 5(2), 28.-42.
New geological concepts Casterton area.Otway Basin - Victoris. Aust.Petr.Expl.Ass. Journ. (for 1965) (in press). .
,
_ .." ,. to"· •
•.
. ..
•
BUllEAU OF MINERAL RE3OURCES, GEDLOGY& GEDPHYSICS, 1965a -
BUllEAU OF MINrnAL RESOURCES, GEDLCGY. & GEDPHYSICS,. ·1965b -
CHURCHILL, D..M. ~ SARJEANT, W.A.S.,1962 -
CHURCHILL, D.M., &: SARJEANT, W.A.S.,1963 -
COOKSON, Isabel C., 19538 -
COOKSON;, Isabel C., 1953b -
COOKSON, Isabel C., 1953c -
COOKSON, Isabel C., 1954 -
COOKSON, Isabel C., 1956.~
',:COOKSON, Isabel C., 1964 -,
COOKSON; Isabel"C., 1965 -
COOKSON, Isabel C &: BALLfE, B.E.,1962 -
....
36•.
" ..-,:"
Summary of data and results OtwayBasin, Victoria,.FTaxman's No.1Well of Frome-Broken ~lll Co~pany
Proprietary Limited. Bur,Min.Resour.Aust,Petr.Search Slib.Aci;s RIbl., 62.
Summary of data a:nQ. r~sul ts, OtwayBasin, South Allatralia, Morit Salt.No.1 WelLor Oil Development NoLiability. lli£., 64~
Fossil dinoflagellates and hystrichospheres in Australian rreshwa~er
deposits. Nature, ~94 (no. 4833),1094,
Freshwater microplankt~n from Flandrian(Holocene) peats of sOuth westernAustralia. Grana. Palxn,,' 3(3),29-53:
Records of the occurrence ofBotxyococcus brownii, Pedi~strum andthe.EYstricho2phae~daein Cainozoicdeposits of Australia. Nat.Mus.Melb.Mem., 1.8, 10'1-123.
,The identification of the sporo-
- morph Ph.Yllocla.didites .with Dacxydiumand its distribution:in southernTertiary.deposit~. Aust.J.Bot.,1,(1), 64-70.
Difference in microspore compositionof ··eo·me samples from a b'ore at .ComailID,South Australia. Ibid., 1(2),462-473. -
Ap~ological examination of No.1bore, Birregurra, Viotoria.Proc;Ro¥.Soo.Vic., 66, 119-128.
Additional microplankton from Australianlate Mesozoic and Tertiazy sediments.Aust.J.Mar.Freshw.Res.• , 1, 1.83-1.91.
Cretaceous and Terti~ mic~oplankton
from south-e~ste:rn klstralia. ._Proc.Ro¥.Soc.Vic., 18 (1), 85-93.-.
Mic~oplankton frvm the PaleocenePebble Point Formationz south~weste:rn
Victoria. !!!M., 78(2),.137-141 •.
Amosopollis c~ciformis gen~ et. ~p.nov., ~ pollen tetr.;Ld from the-Cretaceous of Western Australia.J.Roy.Soc.W,A., 45(4), 95-99, .
..-
.... .,'. .' ',., .....-.
31,. c,
.:: '. ,. '.' ~, .,..< ~::' ...>
.;.; . ',999KSO~,~ Isabel' C., & DEI"llUNN,',' Ma.", E., ~95S .;-... ,. ' _ ..:..~ -
-",':' ~.. ..,.-' ,~.:::~~>~,~ ..', ~~. .",'~' ... .:·C00KSON." Isabel C.
. .....>':.-.:'~ Eo; ·"959a -.:: :i." ' < .... "'. ", ,
'.. ", ";.,r".'.
& DETTMANN•
Spme' trilete sp9res from Upper Mesozoicdeposl. ts in the eastern Australianr~gion. Proc.Roy.Scc.Vic., 70(2),'95-128. .
Corrigenda· for ·1 Some trilete spores. , ''-(rom 'Upper Mesozoic deposits in. the. .. :' ea,stern Australian region I.. Ibid.,
.7j(1); 138. .
' .. ':.' COOKSON,. Isa.bel C. & DEl'TMANN,':';..' !!=y E., . I 959b .".' ...-:. .'.'". ..,.
..,.-" .'
'. ,Cyclosporites, Cretaceous microspore :corrected name. Aust.J.Sci., 21(e),·'260. .
On Schizosporis, a new fonD genus .fromAustralian Cretaceous deposits.MicropaleontoloBY~ 5(2), 213-216~
'.. ' .. '
" ,. ,'.. .'.
.COOKSON,.14arY E.,
Isabel C.&.DErTMANN,1961 -
J .
Reappraisal of the Mesozoic microsporegenus Aegui triraditea. Palaeontology,4(3), 425-427.
." ..
""': :<':c00KSON, Isabel C.& EISENACK, A.,"19~8 -
. ,
Microplankton from Australian and New· Guinea Upper Mesozoic sediments. f!:2£.Roy.Soc.Vic., 70(1), 19.80.
....:~.~:; .. COOKSON;· Isabel C. & EISENACK" A.;." 1960 -
. ;
Microp~ankton'fro~ Australian Cretaceous·sediments. MicropaleontOl0et,:" 6 (1) ,.1.-18. ..
'COOKSON, . Isabel C. &. ErSENACK, A.,.1962 . ,,'
" CRESPIN, Irene, '1954 -
. .Upper Cretaceous micropl-anktdn from;' ~he Belfast No.4..Bore,: sou.th-l1estern
~'~".::. :V~ctox:ia. Proc.Ray.Soc. Vic.,. 74( 1),',.' c '69.76. .......,.y . '.
..
RottnestJ .Ro;}".
~.' tripartita,Proo. Roy.
Additional microplankton from AustralianCretaceous sediments. Micropaleontology"8(4), 485-507. . '
On~. victoriensis n.sp.,C. & E. and related species.·Soc.Vic., 77(2), 521-024•
,'Tertiary microplankton from' the,Island Bore; Western Australia.·Soc.W.A., 44, 39-47•
The'Nelson·Bore, south-western Victoria,.~micropalaeontologyand stratigraphical
·succession. ,DJx.Mi.n.Resour.Aust.Rep., 1i.
·. .'
A. "
.,
:' .
C. & EISWACK, A,.-..
I581>el C. & IWIUM, S., 1964".~
-. .~
.' ; .
~; ,,:.. ' , ,..." "'~" ~, " ,
: .- ~:'.COOKSON,. -Isabel" ··..:';,.. '961b .~. .. .
. ,'::-'::,:....' dioKSON,.,
,.:>. F".. -.-'., ., . ,. ~, ,,',", ,«.'..
- -. ". ,"~I "..: ~.:~\~{f-:::;: '~.'
..'
',9OND~Ll,. '- ' .;.:' ..
."'.
J~R., 1965 -,) .
,~iane:t 'Casterton No.1. Completion Reportfor p'lanet Exploration Company.' Cundill,
.¥¥.ers & Assoc. (unpubl.). '",,', ,
.'.-
'.
, '- . .-:.
D~, G., 1938 -
DEFLANl>RE, G., & COOKSON,Isabel C., 1~55 c
DEPARTl>IENT OF 1IIllES,.. VICTORIA, 1941~46 -
DErTMANN, M.E., 1963 -
DICKINS,.J.M.·& McTAVISH,R.A., 1963 -
EOUGLAS, J.G.; 1962 -
DOUGLAS, J.G., 1965a -
DOUGLAS, J.G., 1965b -
OO\iNIE, C., EVITT, \T.R. &SARJEANT, W.A.S., 1963 -
**EISENACK, A. & COOKSON,Isabel C., 1960 -
EVANS, P.R., 1961a ,-
EVANS, P,R., 1961b -
EVAN~, P.R., 1961c -
EVANS, P.R., 1962 -
EVANS, P.R., 1"963a -
** EDGELL, B.S., 1964 -
38:
Sur le-~croplancton des mers ju~~ssiques cons~~6
a lletat de matiere organique dans les iaaJ.'lles de:Villers-Bur-Mer. C.R.Ac.ad.ScLParisi 206, 68'7 ..689. .
Fossil microplankton from Australian late Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Aust.J.Mar.Freshw.Res., 6, 242-313.
Drilling reports for the Nelson 13cre. Dept.Mines Vic. Ann. R~ps. 1941-46.
Upper Mesozoic microfloras from south-easternAustralia. Proc.Roy.Soc.Vic., 77(1), 1-148.
Lower Triass~c marine fossils from the BeagleRidge (llMR 1'0) Bore, Perth Basin, Western Australia. J.Geol.Soc.Aust' 1 10(1), 123-140.
Microplankton of the Deflandreidae group inwestern district sedimen:te. Min.Geol.J.,6(4), 17-32.
The Mesozoic leaves Ginkgoites australis (McCoy)Florin, and Ginkgoites,waarrensis n.sp. Ibid.,6(5), 20-24. _. .
A Mesozoic dicotyledenous leaf from the 'YangeryNo.1 Bore, Koroit, Victoria. Ibid., 6(5),64-67.
Dinoflagellates, hystriC'hospheres and the classification of the acritarchs. Sta.'1.ford· Univ'Publ.Geol.Sci" 7(3), 1-16. ---
Microplankton from Australian Lower Cretaceo~~
sediments. Proc.Roy.50c.Vic., 72(1), 1-10.
A palynological report on F.B~H. Pert CampbellNos 1 & 2 Wel~e, Victoria. ~.~.Resour.Aust.·
~., 1961-63(unpuOl~,
A palynological report on Oil De:velopment N.t.Penola No.1 Well, South Australia. Ibid.,1961-76 (unpubl.). . ~
A paLynological examination of samples from th~
Merino: Group, Victoria. _ Ibid.-, 1961":155 (UIJPi.:.Ol.).- ..
Palynological obse~tions on F.B.H. Flaxman'sHill No.1 Well. ~., 1964157 (unpubl.),
The microflora of. F.B.H. Pretty Hill No. 1 andF.B.H. EJ.m.eralla No." 1 Wells,- Victo.r.:ia. .lli.£. l'
1963/53 (unpubl.),
The correlative value of mi.cropla.W<:ton in theCretaceous of the Perth Basin, W.A'. Rep. Dept.Mines W.A. (1963),100-105.
.... ' ,: .,,~ ." .
A discussion and prpposal~ concerning fossildinoflagellates', hystrichospheres and acritarchs. Nat.Acad.Sci.Proc., 49, 158-164.
Port Campbell No. 1 and No. 2 Wells', Victoria.Bur.Min.Resour.Aust.Petr.Search Subs. Acts~., ',18 (in press). ,-'
'Report 'on the exami.na·tion of 'Foram{niiera andother fossils from the Port Campbell and Flaxmanls Hill' bore.~~ (Unpubl., but listed 'inEUHEAU 0P',IUJmlAL RESOURCES, GIDLOGY & GIDPHYSICS,1965a)." .. , .. ,- "'
. •.. '.'
A correlation of some deep wells in the northeastern EroI!1BIlc.D'S Basin, central Q,leensland.Bur.lli.n.Resoux.Aust.Ree~,1964/197 (unpubl.).
..... ~
~ecent:Advance5' in Mesozoic stratigraphicpaiynOl:r." in'Australia. Ibid., 1965(192( .". -untril)il. • ' :'
""l:i:"'J. .'.. ,
Observation .on the morphology of fossil'dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology, 7(4), 385-420.
39,','
'·:,.{If',· •..'. .~~;~pplication of palynology to stratigraphyin·fAustralia. Proc.2nd S • Dev.Petr. Resour•
. Asia.& F~ East. llin.Dev.Ser., 18' 1· , 285-290,.
iv.R.; 1963 -
,"' ,
, "
;
", ,:,', EVANS~ P.R:;' 1963b". " .
'.' ..
, . '
,
.'
"
." .' ~' ...
:"" ::i<'EVANS, P.R., ,1965. -'. .. . - -
- . '.. .' i' ~ ,.
e".:,""" ·':~.·.<~~~TT,:
':--"C "J". ,~, , ','
, .
..... '\. ;":~~ R;. & AS~OCIATES, 1962 - Comp'1etiori report for Soutli. East, 0il.'.. Reaenp6it :Well No.1. (unpubl.).
, ',GL.u:lSNER, M.P." 1964 -
,"
An ammonite from the Upper Cretaceous of Victoria. ·~c.Roy.Soc. Vic., 77(2), 51'7-520.
,Syndicate
•"'"
'~':,. , .... '.'
Basal Tertiary microfloras from the Prlncetownarea, Victoria, Australia•. Palaeontoirrap:P.ica,.115E(4-6); 75-106.
the Comaum No ~ 2 Bore:'::· Allst.J.Sei., '28(1),_25_26.
The stratigraphy ofa reinterPretatio~_
'.' .
. "
Beac~ Pe~~Qleum Nt Geltwood Beach No. 1 Well..P~y.n:o;l6giCal examination of Cores. Dep+.. MinesS.A., Pal.·See. PaJ,yn. Rep. ,12/63 (unpubl. L ' ,
- .0.D.N.L.·.,Penola No.1 Well, South Australiaof oii ~velo:PlD.ent N.L. ~Min.Resour.Aust.Petrol..Search Subs. Acts Publ., 42. {. . . . ,--
,',
,1IA1lE, R. & ASSOCIATES, ..; 963
';-.~, '.,
,;',,;. , ,
•. ' 'HARRIS; W.K., &: COOKSON,"Isabel C., 1965
--. '..
...., ',;" HF:;'NDERSON', S. C., CON1X)N t
, M.A;,' & ·RASTIAN,-'L:V. i 1963'. "
, '. 'HO!XlSON;·E.A •• 1964'~
Stratigraphic 'drilling, Canning Basin, WesternAustralia. Bur.Min.Resour.Aust.Rep_9 60.
A paJ.ynological report on Planet Heathfiel'd No.1 Well. "Bur.Min.Reseur.Ree., 1964/74 (unpubl.).
:"'. .;..: ;; '. .' . -''.. , ' HORNIRROOK, 'N. de Eo &
HARRINGTON, H.J., 1957 -';. . "
'The s'tatUs"'bf' the" Wangaloan~.i 38, 655-670.
Stage.
,,. ,
• c'
, ,
, ..'
", .."
)
, .
"
"
. ,- .'.' .
,"
,'. ,'. '-.'" ,-
JANSONIUS, J., 1962 -
4C.
Palynology of "Permian and TriassicPeace River area, Western Canada.grap~ca, l10B,. 35-98.
sedimenta,Palaeonto-
KENLEY, P.R., 1954 - The occurrence. ofwestern Victoria.
Cretaceous sediments inProc.Roy.Soc.Vtc., 66,
••sou ,·n··1.. 16.
ICRUMBEIN, W.C~, & SLOSS,L.~., 1963 -
LAWES, P.A., & WOOLLEY,J.B., 1964.-
LESLIE, R.B., 1965 -
McGOWRAN, B., 1965 -
Stratigraphy and sedimentation.! 2nd Ed. Freeman,San Francisco.
Well completion report, Geltwood Beach Well No.1, OEL 22, Sou~h Australia for Beach PetroleumN.L. b,y GeosurVeys of Australia Ltd. (unpubl.).
Petroleum exploration in the Otway Basin. ;\8th.Comm.J~n.Met.Congr.Aust.N.Z.i34th.Tech.Sess.Preprint, 109.
Two Paleocene foraminiferal faunas from theWangerrip Group, Pebble Point coastal section,western Victoria. Proc.Roy.Soc.Vic., 79(1),9-74 •.
Conorada Coroonoo No.1, Queensland of ConoradaPetroleum·Corporation. Bur.JtLn.Resour.Aust.·Petr.Search Subs.Acts. Publ., 23.·
MEmmELL, Lorna M., 1954a - A review and revisionorian Lower Jurassic.63-111.
of the flora of theProc.Roy.Soc.Vic.,
Vict65(2),
MEDWELL, Lorna M., 1954b - Fossil 'plants from Killaxa, near Casterton,Victoria. Proc.~oy.Soc.Vic., 66, 17-24.
OIL DEVELOPMENT N.L., 1963 - Well completion report Oil Development N.L.Mount Salt No.1, South Australia (unpubl.).
.
SCHUCBER'!', C., 1·929 -
SINGLETON, F.A., 1943 -
SPRIGG, R.C. & WOOLLEY,J.B., 196} - .
STIRLING, J., 1899 -
Review of the later Paleo~oic fo~tions andfaunas, with.special refeI.:'ence to the ice-age of
" middle Pemian time.. :Bu.ll.ge:ol.Soc.Amer.,. 39, 784.
An Ehcene molluscan fauna from Victoria. fE.Q.£..Roy. Soc. Vic. , 55(2), 267-278.
Oil and 'gas ,prospects of the Gel twood Beach Anticline. Aust.Petr.E<pl.Ass.J. (for 1963), 69-79.
Progress report on survey of quarter-sheet No.2 Gippsland carbonaceous area. Geol.SU~I.Vic.
Monthly Propi.Rep., 8-9-, 54-56.
TAYLOR, D.J., 1964a - Foraminifera and stratigraphy c·:fVictorian Cretaceous sediments.Vic., 77(2), 535-6C3.-- ..
the westernPro~.R'JY.Soc•.
TAYLOR, D.J., 1964b -
TALENT, J., 1965.-
\.
The depositional environment. of the marine Cretaceous sediments of the Ot\~ Basin. Aust. PetroExpl,Ass.J. (fcr 1964), 140-144.
A new species of conchostracan from the LowerCretaceous of Victoria. Proc.Roy.Soc.Vic.,79(1), 197-203.
,
41.··
Preservat~on, composition, an4 significaneE of theVictorian Lower Tertiarj I C,yclammina Fau..'"laS I Prct;'.•Roy.Soc.Vic., 78(2), 143-16C. ..
"Y" .• TEICIIDlT, c., 1943 - Eocene nautiloids from Victoria.55(2), 257-265.
Proc.Roy.Soc.V-lc., '
VABlIA, ·C.P., f964 -. > •
. Do dino.flagellates andfreshwater sediments?
l\Ystrichosphaerid,s occur i!l.Gra"IJA PaJ,..vn!',. 5(1), 124··~28.
VINE, R.R. & DAY,R.W., 1965 -
VINE, R.R. ~ JAUNCEY,W., 1962 -
WALL, D., 1962 -
WE]&AR, A. A., 1960 -
IbmencleJ,ture of the Rolling Downs Grou.p, northernEromanga Basin, ~eensland. Qld Govt.." M.in. J., 66(no. 767) ,417-421.
Explanato~.notes, Julia Creek Sheet, Queensland.Bur.Min.Resour.Aust.Rec., 1964/81 (1xnpubl.).
~dence from~~ecent plankton re~g~the biological affinites of Tasmanites Newton 1875 andLeiosphaeridia Eisenack 1958. Geol.Mag., 99(4),353-362. .
Notes .on ~he geology of the Otway Basin~. southwes~Victoria. Frome-Broken Hill Co.pty.Ltd. Rep., 7200G-66 (unpubl.).
WELLMANN, H.W., 1959 - Divisions ,of the Naw Z~al~:i Cretae:eous.: Roy.Soc.N.Z., .87(1."2), 99-163. )
WHITEHOUSE, F. W. ,1926 -
'i WOOLLEY, J .B., &LAWES, R.A., 1964
•
The Cretaceous Ammolloidea of eastern Australia.Mem.Qld Mus., 8, 195-242.
Geltwood Beach - a case history. AusLPsh'.Ex:pl ..As •• J. (for 1964), 14-20.
..
,.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5. "
Figure 6.
Figure 7 •.
Figure 8.
Figure 10.
42
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
All magnifications 600x except where stated.
Baculatisporites comaumensis (Cookson)Planet Casterton No.1, c.14, 6396 feet.MFP3871.2.091.227. Lower Cretaceous, Kl~~b.
Lycopodiumsporites oircol,umenus Cookson & Dettmann.Planet Casterton No.1, c".7, 4503 feet ..~P3875.2.099.139. Lower Cretaceous, Kla~b.
Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis (Cookson & Dettmann).Planet Heathfield No.1, c.9", 3762 feet.MF~3067.1.142.084. Lower Cretaceous, K2."
Diotyotosporites speciosus Cookson & Dettmann.Planet Casterton No.1, c.2, 2425 feet.
"UFP3873.1.098.091. ' Lower Cretaceo~, KId.
Osmundacidites wellmanii Couper. :Planet Casterton No.1" 0".14, 6396 feet.'~P3871.2.050.039. Lower Cretaoeoqa, KIa-b.
Cioatrioosisporitea australiensis·(Cookson).Planet Heathfield No.1, c.9, 3762 feet.MFP3061.1.187:139. Lower Cretac~ou8, K2.
Klukispori tea scaberia (G90kson & Dettmann) •.'Planet Casterton No.1, c.1, 2017 feet.MFP3872.1 .0"3.047. Lower Cretaceous, KId.
Crybelosporitee striatus (Co9kson &"Dettmann).BPNL Geltwood Beach No.1, c.8, 3174 feet.'~P3014.2.061.018. Lower Cretaceous, K2b.
Coptospora paradoxa (Cookson & Dettmann).BPNL Beachport No.1, c.9, 3665-3675 feet.MFP1819.2~168.133. Lower Cretaceous, ~b.
Phyilocisdidites mawsonii Cookson.BPNL Geltwood Beach No.1, 0.7, 3632 feet.MFP3004~4.031~033. Upper Cretaceous ?N. sceras Zone.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Proteacidites sp.FBB Port CampbellMFP450~1.175·199·
Periporiti sp.FBR Port CampbeilMF.P473.1. 101 .105.
No.1, c.11, 4758-4760 feet.Upper Cretaceous, !.ac~ras Zone.
No.1, c.18, 4862-4864 feet.Upper ~retaceous, !i.acera.s Zone.
Figure no
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Daorydiumites florinii Cookson.FBB Port Campbell No.1, c.16, 4518-4520 feet.MFP1189.1.198.172. Upper Cretaoeous, !i.aceras Zone.
Triorites harrisii Couper~
FEB Port Campbell No.1, 0.22, 5660-5662 feet;MFP455.1.106.128. Upper Cretaceous,.!. parvum Zone.
Laevigatosporites "ovatUs Wilson &Webster.FEB Port Campbell No.1, c.23, 5700-5708 feet.MEP454;2.15El.141. Upper Cretaceous,!.parvum Zone.
\
-
IFigure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
. Figure 22.
Fligure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 1.
Figure 2 •.
Figure ).
. . .. 43) .Nothofagidites of:/!. deminuta (Cookson).FBH Flaxman's N0'1, 0.4, 43'1-4313 feet.MFP 1116.2.042.022'. Upper Cretaceous,X. australis Zone. '"
~riCOIPiteS sp: afr".I!o lilli~i Couper.FBH Port Campbell NO!l, c.2), 5700-5708 feet.MFP454.2.032.030. Upper Cretaceous,A. parvum Zone.
Triorites' ed~ard9ti Cookson & Pike.FBR Port Campbell No.1. 0.17. 4758-4760 feet.MFP450.1.o62.175. Upper Cretaceous,'!. sceras .Zone. .
Tricolpites ap.BPNL Geltwood'Beach No.1, c.8, 3714 feet.UFP 3014.2.026.060." Upper Cretaceous,!. parvum' Zone.
Triorites minor Couper.FBR Port Campbell No;l~ 0.17. 4758-4760 feet:MFP450.1.119.105.· Upper Cretaceous,' '.~. scaras Zone. I
Triorites mi-~or Couper.FBR Port Campbell No.1, c.17, 4758-4760 feet.MFP450.1.093.182. , Upper 'Cretaceous,!. sceras ~one. -
Leiosphaeridia sp~
Planet Casterton No.1, c.12, 5609 feet.MFP3B70.1.107.190. Lower Cretaceous, KIa-b.
SchizosPoris sp'.Planet Casterton No.1, C.12, 5609 feet.MFP3B70.1.124.172'.· ~wer Cretaceous, KIa-b.
Tricolpites fissilis Couper.BPNL ~ltwood Beach No.1, c.8, 3774 feet.MFP3014.2.074.009. Upper Cretaceous,A. tlarvuJD Zone. _.
SchizoSDoris cf. ~. spri~~ Cookson & Dettmann.Planet Casterton-No.l, c.3, 3142-3152 feet.MFP3874.1.037.090. 'Lower Cretaceous, KId. '
Plate 2
Gonyaulacidae sp.BPNL Geltw~od Beach No.1, c.8,,3774 feet.MFP3014.1.069.121 ..Upper Cretaceous,A.parvum Zone.
Odontochitip8 opercula~,.(O. Wetzel).FBB Port Campbell.No.2, c.7, 7927-1930 feet.··MFPB74.1.222.086. Upper Cretaceous,.!.parrum Zone.
Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides Deflandre.FBB Port Campbell No.2, c.7,.7927-7930 feet.MFP874.1.0j5.04~~ Upper Cretaceous,.!.parvum Zone. (Phase Contrast).
, -'.
feet.
\"
Figur~ 4.'
Fimu:e 5·
Figure 7.'
Figure 8.'
Figure 1.
'igure 2.
Figure 3."
Figure 4.-"
Figure.5·
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
44
, HYstrichodinium cr. !!.. oliRacanthum Deflandre & Cookson.FBE Port Campbell No.2. c.5. 7887-7930 reet.MFP872.1.014.022. Upper Cretaceous,!.parvum Zone.
Gymnodinium nelsonense Cookson.FBH Port Campbell No.1, c~19, 5020-5025 'feet~
MFP474~1~097~138. Upper Cretaceou~,
~~cretacea Zone.
Deflsndrea acuminata Cookson & EisenackFB~ Port Campbell No~1, c.23, 5700-570~
MFP454~2~040.030. Upper Cretaceous,A~par~nwn Zone.' (Phase CQntrast).
Asccdinium parrum (Cookson & Eisenack)BPNL Geltwood Beach No~1, c~8, 3774 feet.MFP3014.2.i18.18-'.' Upper Cretacequs,A~parvum Zone.'
Odontoch1tina operculata (0. Wetzel).FBH Port Campbell No.2, c~7,' 7927-7930 feet.·MFP874.1~222~086~ Upper Cretaceous,A'. parvum Zone.'
PlatU
BaltisphaeridiUm heteracanthum (Deflandre & Cookson)BPNL Geltwood Beach No.1, c.8, 3774 fe~t.
MFP3014.2.145.160. Upper Cretaceous,A.par-rom Zone.
Xenikoon australis Cookson & Eisenack.FBH Port Campbell No.1, c.13, 3997"3999 reet.MFF11 85:. 1.008.1)2. ' 'Upper Cretaceous,!.auatral.ls Zone.'
Deflandrea cretacea CookBon~
FBB Port Campbell' No.1 , 0.18,'4862...4864.'MFP473.).257.'50.- Upper Cretaceous,' ! •
.!!.aceras ,Zone.
Nelsoniella ·acaras' Cookson & Elsenack.:'FEB Port CampbelL No.1, t.17, 4758-4760 feet.MFP450., .083.069:- Upper Cretaceous,R. scerss Zone.
Xenikoon a~straliB Cookson & EiBenac~_
FBH Por~.Oaopbell No.1, c.13, 3997-3999 feet.MFP1185:1~038.008. Upper Cretaceous,!.australis Zone.
Xenikoon australis Cookson & Eisenack.FBH Port Campbell No.1, c.13, 3997-3999 reet,MFP1185.1.074.208. Upper Cretaceq~s~
!.australis Zone. '
Deflandrea<tr1partita Cookson & Eisenack.FBB Port Campbell No.1, c.18, 4862-4864 feet.MFP473.2.036.092. Upper Cretaceous, .,·R.aceras Zone. ~
Figure 9.
Fi-gure 10.
1-'
45
Hexagonifera vermiculata Cookson & Eis~nack.
FBB Port Campbell No.1, c.18, 4862-4864 feet.MFP473.3.261.1S6. Upper Cretaceous,!f..aearas -Zone,.
"Gen. at ap. form All Eisenack & Cookson.Planet Casterton' No.1 , c.12, 5609 feet.
··MFP3~10.1 .107.190. Lower Cretac~ous, K~a.
Schizosporis reticulatu8 Cookson & Dettmann.Planet Casterton No:1, c.3, 3142-3152 feet,MFP3874.2.021.161. Lower Cretaceous, KId.. .
•
" .
r·
15•
16
21
13
20
23
12
10
19
22
11
18
PLATE 1
•
I!....•
6
PLATE 2
4
8
r-"
•
PLATE 3
•
TPORTLAND NO 3 Q)
G.I.•• +..'
JK
<:
SN PAL
IOoog
J 54/A/5
ANGLESEA No I e
Plate 4 A
RTKB-= ... 7S'
'..
28
29
27
Kla-b
25
30
K2b
•
'6
22
16
11
..
14
"
-\40- - .... ---10--
fCombro - Or do"i~iQn)
8000'
6000'
FE RGUSONS HILL No I e
----
I
\
K2b
1718
)+---i:;:-f<"""+~~-_1------~--t 849"-l-4--l..;~+__E=+-_+-_-_--.,;..--1_
'++l-="A-4-+--+---------I=~'6,~H~~~I___+_--
SHERBROOK Nol eR.T.
MAP
PORT CAMPBELL N02 e 0'-7100'
R,T.• +282' ~ 7100'-8846'
1420 30
;+--------1 V,<TOO"
~~."--u.••_".t[\,Im.roilo No I
J_~-_,Pr.lt't HIli No! iiAnQje~a l\kll
....m... NoI~Pori ~o=ell ~ She' TO No I i~~: ~~~~f, Ng ~ F.rOu60n~ HII N10 I
Cape Otway I
II
142030' 1440
'0
LOCALITY
PORT ¢AMrBELL No I E&" ~+546'
..... tT 1,IIJ4.4OO
'll" -
".
10 0 •
8000
PORT CAMPBELL No 4 e
// /
//
34
K2b
29
30
"
L
M- .
AT : + 221'
\ \\' \ \\ \ \\ \ \\ \\\ \\\ \ \\ \ \\ \\\ \\\ \\\\\\
700d
I!
28 '
2'2~:""'-'!iiiilll!l~_+3000'
4000
PRETTY HILL No' eR.T = + 202'
Record
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//
/
70 accompany
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:1
Nol
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FLAX MANS No I e
2000'
8000
EUMERALLA...
9000- -+9110'
1966
N.c,
HEYWOOD No 10 Q)G.L.• +100'
ophysif;f;.
OF> TERTIARYBASE
Geology
VERTICAL SCAL,E;, ': .". 1000'
TO
1l-')-+M:-:-~-+--+--·/"7'"~----_..l42!lllI+' ---t;.;;;;;;.j..-,-,=-h.,.-+----------t2030't---+~:::r.H<:_+-_+--------_f'203d.l---\,.....t:~,..~:.....j--+_:_.--------_r':I-+-~;:;.;j.~--I--_+-~----_--_+43> ' K. 2080' 2100'+-+...j;,,~_+.,I".-+_-+---------_t_
2760'
LEVELLED
SYMBOLS iW.II interpr.tatian ba.ed an .tud¥ of samp('!'E -lag. and litnature
Well interpretation ba sed on 'tud¥ .f £ - ~J. and literature
Well interpretation bas.d on study of literdfre
Core numbers important for pglynologlcal rUe/aI/On
Represents core from deviated hole in Part &,mpbel! No 2
O.p
Unconformity
L itho/OgICO/ boundary established
J8 Junk bosket core in Port Campbell No I
'7
$
e(J)
12
NO H0 R I Z 0 N TA L SCAL E •
WELLS
~?- Unconformity inferred
- -- - Palynological boundary interpolated
--?-- L./t!I()/u,:pi::m' IiJoIIndary inferred
Bureau of
2000'
eooo'
3000'
'000'
....-:;
'I'LITHOLOGICAL AND PALYNOLO~IAL CORRELATIONS
OF OTWAY BASIN - COAti-tAL SECTIONi:~~:.4f
,~..
----t--+-
X,a,
"
D.c.
K2
23
2'
2.?
31
28
30
18T
" N.o
2J
9000
8000
7000'
10044
\\\
\ \\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\:'\\'\\\\\\
KI
10
"
20
19
K212 !
i
18
23
28
24
I.L
P
NELSON BORE
_.U
RTKB=+86'
MOUNT SALT Nol e
lOCO'
.jI,.-+~::4!---I--~ --t3130't-~I-F.e-:o+",_+-_-+______ 3690"+=::::j~~l:=:::t==t+=~-+:~4l--+-......j--------~-+3270''t ......,j+O:+<++-t---r-------. t-3746't +_
lorKLd
8000' 16080"f---'0,.-+==-==1/---1'6
7000'
8000'
0000'
GELTWOOO BEACH Nol eRTKB ,+ 30'
------.J-.e~:,t-_+~"'-'...,.,fr-_i'22
PA
•
]-.M -
R,T. =+ 18'H LI
BEACHPORT Nol ~
-io1!2'_+-'..K_2_0-{ \
L-:'~ge3'=_.Ll._--1.L._=,o_K_ld...J \ \ \
\\
\\
\
/
RO BE No' <D
200d
DEPl'M SP
.!COO'
, )
, I
Plate 4 B
to.
,.
".
PAL
I
SN
1--_-a ;:...- >-
--=.- •--I--
SP LITH
PRETTY HILLNol El7R,T. = l' 202'
(Lo••r Palaeozoic l' dolerite)
K lo-b
> 4K
,e ././
~-~_/
~
i: 6
"~ 12. (
"
--~::~
1---
< ~-=1--- ..
1-485d1---o~=-4>i'---I-+----V,
5000'
Kro
'9
16
T17
1
I.
12T
'"K'b
141
,.1\:-+-- -+----
rooo'
6000'
740~7500
SYMBOLS
VERTICAL SCALE 1"=1000'
--
NO HORIZONTAL SCALE,
MAP
WELLS LEVELLED TO BASE OF TERTIARY SUCCESSION
49S'
LOCALITY
LITHOLOGICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL CORRELATIONSOF OTWAY BASIN - INLAND SECTION
.....
(Undif ferentiated Pre - Mesozoic)
-8000'
BEACHPORT No I EB
Lithological boundary established
-?- LithologIcal boundary inferred
Interpretation based on study of samples, E - logs and literature
Interpretation based on study of E - logs and literature
Interpretation bosed on study of literature
Core numbers important for palynological correlation
Unconformity
Palynological boundary interpolated
6)
eCD
~12
~?..-. Unconfor;'I/'ty inferred
3.·
VICTORIA
3.·
Cope OtwOYScale 1.2,534,400
Bureau of Minerol Resources, Geology and Geophysics. September 19fJ6, To accompany Record /966/69 J 54/A/6 JK