COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCalifornia State University, Long BeachHealth Care Administration Department

Principles of Risk Management and Patient Safety HCA 468 01 (3 Units)Fall 2015

Instructor: Dr. Henry O’LawrenceOn Campus: Henry.O’Lawrence@csulb.eduOffice Hours: Tuesdays –4:30:00-7:30pmOffice Location: HHS1 001 – Phone: (562) 562-985-8103

Class Number: 9391Class Meets: Mon 7:00 – 9:45PM

Additional Contact Information:HCA Dept. Administrative Coordinator: Deby McGill, deby.mcgill@csulb.eduTel. 562/985-5694; fax 562/985-5886

INTRODUCTION

A study and application of a comprehensive resources for risk management in health care services; measurement outcomes of core policies, patient and staff safety, analyses of case studies and system failure, outcomes and design models of health care provider and caregivers.

 Teaching/Learning ObjectivesStudents who have completed this course should be able to:

Learning Objectives, Domain and Competency Table

Learning Objective Domain Competency Activity (A1), Assignment (A2) or Assessment (A3)

State the major trends in risk management and patient safety; and articulate risk financing issues and insurance

3 B. Professional Development and Lifelong Learning

Discussion, small exercises and reflection/critical commentary for each major discussion post

Synthesize patient/consumer communication skills to reduce risk and identify the value and context of mitigation and the mitigation planning process

2A. Relationship Management

Write up of market analysis, feasibility analysis, and legal/regulatory issues for business plan

Analyze hazard-specific loss reduction strategies and the link between mitigation and sustainability

5 E. Strategic Planning and marketing

Group projects, discussion and short essay reports

Discuss and address ethical issues for Risk Managers to ensure safety and security issues; and identify and control risks in the

1 B. Professional standards and codes

Group project report, assignment and BeachBoard

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Learning Objective Domain Competency Activity (A1), Assignment (A2) or Assessment (A3)

workplace of ethics discussion

Commitment to Inclusion

California State University, Long Beach is committed to maintaining an inclusive learning community that values diversity and fosters mutual respect.  All students have the right to participate fully in university programs and activities free from discrimination, harassment, sexual violence, and retaliation.  Students who believe they have been subjected to discrimination, harassment, sexual violence, or retaliation on the basis of a protected status such as age, disability, gender, gender identity/expression, sexual orientation, race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, veteran/veteran status or any other status protected by law, should contact the Office of Equity and Diversity at (562) 985-8256, University Student Union (USU) Suite 301, http://www.csulb.edu/depts/oed

TEXTS Required:

Youngberg, B. J. (2011). Principles of risk management and patient safety. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Highly Recommended Additional Readings:

Carroll, R. & Brown, S.M. (2012). Risk Management Handbook for Health Care Organizations, Business Risk: Legal, Regulatory, and Technology Issues. (Volume 3) by American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM). ISBN-13: 978-0470620830 ISBN-10: 0470620838 Edition: Volume 3. Sixth Edition

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Discussion Case studies Business Plan Analytical and reflective writing Informal peer content critique/feedback Informal and formal critique/feedback by the instructor Readings from class texts, class notes/material, and from additional sources Individual field and research activities

EVALUATION

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Your unit grade will be based on the following criteria: Legal and Regulatory Report 1008 Discussion Board Assignment and participation @ 10 points each 100Questions for weekly readings – 10 @ 10 points each 100Midterm 100Group Case Studies 100Group Project PowerPoint Presentation 20Business Plan 100Final Exam 100Total 720 SEMESTER LETTER GRADES

Please note that an A in this class is a 92.5% or better.

Course Grades will be assigned based on the following percentages/scores: 

% Letter Grade93-100% A83-92% B73-82% C63-72% D0-62% F

CLASS POLICIES:

Attendance: There is no attendance policy in this class in a traditional sense—the students are not required to participate in the class activities at any specific time each week. However, every assignment in this class has a due-date—such assignments must be submitted/presented on time.

Participation: In this class, Participation is a set of specific weekly activities with the established deadlines. Due dates are described above. Specific topics will be on the Assignment Board.

Withdrawal policyWithdrawal after 2nd week and before final 3 weeks “permissible for serious and compelling reasons;” include statement of how you will interpret university policy.

Cheating and plagiarismStatement referencing University policy http://www.csulb.edu/divisions/aa/grad_undergrad/senate/documents/policy/2008/02. You may also state what you will do in case of cheating/plagiarism.

ASSIGNMENTS

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All assignments except the Beachboard assignments (which are answered on Beachboard) will be submitted to the dropbox. If you need to email me something, please be sure you specify your class number and section and if there is a file, use the format below:………………………………………………………………..

Lastname.Firstinitial.AssignmentName

Example: Jones.X.Quiz1

Please submit in word files…………………………………………………………………

Basic Technical Requirements:Internet access, E-mail account and access, Word Processing with MS Word compatibility doc file: many of the class notes, documents, and additional readings are stored as MS Word files and documents; the exam --you will need this program in order to retrieve and open these documents and files; you will also need to use a MS Word compatible program to submit some of your work to the instructor.

 Individual Assignments:

All individual assignments must be computer-typed and word-processed, in the format described in the latest APA manual.

Exams/Weekly Quizzes:

You will have 11 true/false/multiple choice quizzes over the reading assignments from the textbook. You will be allowed to take the exam two times and the computer will save the higher score. Once you open the exam, you must finish it. You cannot save it and return later. All weekly exams and the midterm will be opened 8:00 am on Friday and closed 11:59 pm on Sunday. The final exam will be in the class!! (The date is subject to change if the schedule of exams conflicts with it). The midterm and final exams are multiple-choice and essay questions. They are a random selection from the same question pool as the weekly quizzes. The final will cover material covered after the midterm.

Discussion Questions:Discussion Board LessonsMust show a total word count – references are not included in the word count350-400 word essays addressing the questions stated in the assignment. The essays should demonstrate your familiarity with the reading material and concepts, understanding of the topic discussed, and your ability to conduct additional and relevant research and integrate the knowledge from the class material and other sources with your personal and professional experience. You are expected to cite and reference a minimum three sources of information; it might include the class textbook, lecture notes, and any other sources you find during your research activities for each lesson.

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Evaluating Criteria for Discussion QuestionsThe responses to each lesson’s Discussion Questions will be assessed according to the following rubric:

10 points per lesson--relevant content provided to all questions for the lesson;well-organized, good writing mechanics (check spelling and grammar), evidence of relevant research; at least 3 sources are cited and referenced according to APA format

8 points per lesson—relevant content provided to all questions for the lesson, well organized, good writing mechanics, and evidence of relevant research at least 2 sources are cited and/or referenced according to APA format

6 points per lesson—relevant content provided to most of the questions for the lesson, reasonably well organized, writing mechanics is acceptable with only some spelling and grammatical errors, and at least 1 source is cited showing evidence of relevant research

5 points per lesson—relevant content provided to most of the questions for the lesson, reasonably well organized, writing mechanics is acceptable with only some spelling and grammatical errors, BUT no evidence of relevant research (no citations or references)

0 points per lesson—no response posted OR the content is insufficient, no organization, no evidence of research.

Discussion Participation Lessons Constructive comments on other classmates' postings, respectful communication style and overall active participation in the discussion board.  Evaluating Criteria for Discussion Participation:Must show a word countYour comments must be at least 150 words each. The comments to each lesson’s Posting will be assessed according to the following rubric:

5 points per comment—at least two comments are posted per lesson; the comments are constructive, acknowledge some of the points, arguments, propositions stated in the discussion posting(s) to which the comments are made. Comments must be at least 5 sentences for each one.

3 point per comment—3 point per comment—the comment is constructive, acknowledges some of the points, arguments, propositions stated in the discussion posting to which the comment is made. Comment does not have the required amount of words or sentences or does not acknowledge the points in the posting.

0 points per lesson—there are no comments posted; OR the comments are openly hostile; OR the comments are limited to simple greeting-like statements (“I agree/disagree”; “Well said,” etc.) without explanation or justification

Profile Page – This is the profile on the BeachBoard page- You complete it there and save it and I will grade it there. You do not need to submit it to me.

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The requirements for each section of the profile page are listed below:

Must have picture for full creditInterests/Hobbies:

At least 3

Favorite Music: Favorite type of music and favorite song

Favorite TV Shows:

At least 3

Favorite Movies: At least 3

Favorite Books: At least 3

Favorite Quotations:

At least 1

Favorite Websites:

At least 3 with description – must describe even if a common site and tell why you like it – be creative on the sites

Future Goals: At least 3

Most Memorable Learning

Experience:

At least 1 with the Describe the experience and the reason it is your most memorable experience

“I don’t have one is not an acceptable answer for above.”

Midterm: Multiple choice and true false questions from the material covered in the first half of the class.

Final Research Paper: A 10 to 12 page, double-spaced research paper using Arial or Times Roman 12 point font. It should be one of the topics covered and discussed in this course. The paper should address the issues of cultural differences in work-related aspects of society. The focus should be on countries and/or regions other than the US; however, the comparative analysis between other nations and the US is appropriate. You may also consider such Globalization issues as the effect of Globalization on a certain professional field or similar). In general, choose a topic that is relevant to the course topics and discussions, on the one hand; and on the other, something that is relevant to your own professional, personal, and/or academic experience and interests.

The paper must be written and organized according to APA format; particularly, pay attention to citations and references of research sources, and to the correspondence between citations in the text of your essay and references at the end. It is expected that you will be using 10 different sources (minimum) that will include academic publications, national/international database, media/news reports, etc. The cover sheet, abstract page, and reference pages do not count as part of the 7 to 10 pages. You do need page numbers.

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Research Paper Components:Cover PageAbstract PageContentReference Pages

Components of a Research Report

Abstract (2%) Introduction (10%) Statement of the problem/purpose of study (10%) Need of the study/report/objective (Educational Value) (8%) Literatures (10%) Findings/Analysis (35%) Conclusion (5%) Recommendations (5%) References (5%) Overall APA format (10%)

* Note: All research projects must be written in APA style

It will be submitted to the dropbox.

GROUP PROJECT

Group Project: You will be assigned to groups of 3 or more and together as a group you will select a topic to investigate. Your topic must be approved by submitting a ½ to 1 page paper describing the topic, why you chose this topic and the sources you will consult and must have at least one reference. Together you will develop a PowerPoint presentation of at least 12 slides and post it to the discussion board and to the dropbox. The reference slides are not included in the 12 slide. I expect to see creativity, graphics and information that is thorough enough for the reader to understand. Group Project Responses: You have to comment on at least two of your classmate’s group projects. Your comments need to be insightful and thought provoking.

Final Exam: Your final exam will be multiple choice and true/false questions. It will cover all material covered in last half of the class.

 Submission Instructions:

Discussion Questions; Discussion Participation Comments:Type (or copy/paste from a word file) your answers, comments, and bibliography entries into the class main discussion board under the forums designated by the instructor. It is to your advantage to type it into word and then copy it into the discussion board. Word will spellcheck and grammar check your document and save you losing senseless points.

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HCA 468Tentative Class Schedule:

25/27 August – Class 1 – Start Section 1 The Integration of Risk Mngt and Patient Safety

Chpt 1 (10 pgs) (14 slides) Risk Mngt & Patient Safety: The Synergy and the Tension

Chpt 2 (10 pgs) (11 slides) Integrating Risk Mngt, Quality Mngt, and Patient Safety

Chpt 3 (8 pgs) (13 slides) Benchmarking in Risk Management

Weekly Quiz 1

1/3 September – Class 2

Chpt 4 (12 pgs) (16 slides) Risk Mngt Strategic Planning for a Changed Healthcare Delivery System

Chpt 5 (20 pgs) (26 slides) Setting up a Risk Mngt Department

Weekly Quiz 2

8/10 September – Class 3

Chpt 6 (6 pgs) (8 slides) Patient Safety: The Past Decade

Chpt 7 (12 pgs) (13 slides) Using “Never Events” to Reduce Risk and Advance Patient Safety

Chpt 8 (10 pgs) (14 slides) The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act

Weekly Quiz 3

15/17 September – Class 4 – End of Section 1

Chpt 9 (12 pgs) (18 slides) The Role of Governance in Hospital Risk Mngt and Patient Safety

Chpt 10 (10 pgs) (20 slides) The Culture of Medicine, Legal Opportunism, and Patient Safety

Weekly Quiz 4

22/24 September – Class 5 – Start Section 2 Risk Financing Issues

Chpt 11 (20 pgs) (21 slides) Enterprise Risk Mngt: The Impact on Healthcare Organizations

Chpt 12 (24 pgs) (15 slides) Developing a Request for Proposal and Working with Insurance Providers

Weekly Quiz 5

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29September/1 October – Class 6 – End of Section 2

Chpt 13 (10 pages) (17 slides) The Importance of Developing a Medical Liability Cost Allocation System

Chpt 14 (16 pages) (16 slides) Managing the Risks of Workers’ Compensation

Mid Term Review

6/8 October – Class 7 – Mid Term

– Start of Section 3 Claims Management Issues: The Aftermath of Error

Chpt 15 (16 pgs) (16 slides) Guidelines for In-House Claims Management

Chpt 16 (12 pgs) (19 slides) Principles for Strategic Discovery

13/15 October – Class 8

Chpt 17 (10 pgs) (17 slides) Full Disclosure as a Risk Management Imperative

Chpt 18 (28 pgs) (23 slides) The Development of Full-Disclosure Programs: Case Studies

Weekly Quiz 6

20/22 October – Class 9 – End of Section 3

Chpt 19 (12 pgs) (13 slides) Developing Early-Offer Programs Following Disclosure

Chpt 20 (14 pgs) (17 slides) Criminalization of Healthcare Negligence

Chpt 21 (12 pgs) (11 slides) Preparing for and Limiting Potential Liability for Medical Care (Disaster Events)

Weekly Quiz 7

27/29 October – Class 10 – Start of Section 4 Proactive Loss Control

Chpt 22 (12 pgs) (20 slides) Creating Systemic Mindfulness: Anticipating, Assessing, and Reducing Risks of Health Care

Chpt 23 (38 pgs) (12 slides) Risk Mngt in Selected High-Risk Hospital Departments

Weekly Quiz 8

3/5 November – Class 11

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Chpt 24 (8 pgs) (21 slides) Improving Risk Mngr Performance and Promoting Patient Safety with High Reliability Principles

Chpt 25 (24 pgs) (26 slides) The Benefits of Using Simulation in Risk Mngt and Patient Safety

Chpt 26 (22 pgs) (19 slides) Creating a Mindfulness of Patient Safety Among Physicians Through Education

Weekly Quiz 9

10/12 November – Class 12

Chpt 27 (10 pgs) (15 slides) Managing Patient Expectations Through Informed Consent

Chpt 28 (16 pgs) (16 slides) Improving Health Literacy to Advance Patient Safety

Weekly Quiz 10

17/19 November – Class 13

Chpt 29 (8 pgs) (25 slides) The Impact of Fatigue on Error and Patient Safety

Chpt 30 (12 pgs) (44 slides) Managing the Failures of Communication in Healthcare Settings

Weekly Quiz 11

23 November – Fall Break – No Class

1/3 December – Class 14 – End of Section 4

Chpt 31 (12 pgs) (17 slides) Improving Handoff Procedures in Health Care to Reduce Risk and Promote Safety

Chpt 32 (8 pgs) (11 slides) The Risks and Benefits of Using E-Mail to Facilitate Communication

Chpt 33 (14 pgs) (19 slides) Risk Management for Research

8/10 December- REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM

10-16 December - Finals

*Instructor reserves the right to alter or change assignments. Changes in the syllabus will be announced via email and on the Beachboard. It is a student’s responsibility to remain updated on course changes.

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Grades and Grading Procedures

Definitions:The following definitions apply to grades assigned in all undergraduate and graduate courses.

A. Performance of the student has been at the highest level, showing sustained excellence in meeting all course requirements and exhibiting an unusual degree of intellectual initiative.

B. Performance of the student has been at a high level, showing consistent and effective achievement in meeting course requirements.

C. Performance of the student has been at an adequate level, meeting the basic requirements of the course.

D. Performance of the student has been less than adequate, meeting only the minimum course requirements.

F. Performance of the student has been such that minimal course requirements have not been met in the format described in the latest APA manual.

NOTE: All written assignments must be word-processed and saved as a doc file. Due dates are listed on each assignment sheet and in the tentative schedule of classes.

Commitment to Inclusion California State University, Long Beach is committed to maintaining an inclusive learning community that values diversity and fosters mutual respect.  All students have the right to participate fully in university programs and activities free from discrimination, harassment, sexual violence, and retaliation.  Students who believe they have been subjected to discrimination, harassment, sexual violence, or retaliation on the basis of a protected status such as age, disability, gender, gender identity/expression, sexual orientation, race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, veteran/veteran status or any other status protected by law, should contact the Office of Equity and Diversity at (562) 985-8256, University Student Union (USU) Suite 301, http://www.csulb.edu/depts/oed.   

METHODS OF PRESENTATION

The method of instruction will be primarily lecture with discussion and demonstrations by the instructor. Audiovisual materials will be used where appropriate. Individual student projects will be assigned and group projects.

METHODS OF EVALUATION OUTCOMES

A. Objectives tests: weekly, midterm, and finalB. Weekly assignments

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C. Written research proposal

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brennan, J. A. (2005). Principles of EMS systems. American College of EmergencyPhysicians. 3 edition. ISBN-10:0763733822.

Carroll, R., et al. (2006). Risk management handbook for health care organizationsAmerican Hospital Publishing. Edition 5, 1.

Cailahan, M. (2008). Negligent credentialing developments: Impact of recent cases and new joint Commission medical staff standards. Katten, Muchin, Rosenman, LLP. Webinar presentation, April 16, 2008, p.8.

Hoetmer, G. L. (1991). Introduction in emergency management: Principles and practice for local government. Washington, D.C.: International City/County Management Association, XXXIV.

William L. W. (2007). Terrorism as disaster in handbook of disaster research, ed. Havidan Rodriguez, E. L. Quarantelli, and Russel R. Dynes (New York: Springer,

388-404.

William, L. M. (2006). The political costs of failure in the responses to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, “in shelter from the storm: Repairing the National Emergency Management System after Hurricane K atrina, ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SagePublication

Kohn, L., Corrigan, J., & Donaldson, M. S. (Eds.). (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health care system. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Kristen, M. C. et al (2004). Population trends along the Coastal United States: 1980-2008, Coastal Trends Report Series (Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce.

Light, P. C. (2007). The Katrina Effect on American preparedness: A report on the lessons Americans learned in watching the Katrina disaster unfold. New York: Center for Catastrophe Preparedness and Response, New York University.

The Joint Commission. (n.d.). Comprehensive office manual for hospitals: The official handbook. CAMH Refreshed Core, Standard MS.08.01.01, MS-22; MS.08.01.03, MS-23.

Nardi, P. M. (2002). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative research methods. 1st

Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

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Neuman, (2003). Social research methods. Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th

Ed.). Pearson Education, Inc., Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Reason, J. (1997). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Burlington, VA:Ashgate Publishing Company.

Rejda, G.E. (2011). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Weick, K. E., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (EDs). (2007). Managing the unexpected: What business can learn from high-reliability organizations (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Wiley & Sons.

Weick, K. (2001). Making sense of the organization. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), (2004). National Response Plan. Washington, D.C.

Kemp, R. L. (2006). Emergency Management and Homeland Security: An Overview. Washington, D. C.: ICMA.

Ristuccia, H., & Epps, D. (2009, April). Becoming risk intelligent. Risk Management(RIMS) 56-88.

Wagner, S., & Layton, M. (2007, August). The two faces of risk. Deloitte Review, 71-75.

Related Resources: 9-1-1 Center Operations: Challenges and Opportunities EMS in Critical Condition: Meeting the Challenge IQ Report E-Document Preparing for a Pandemic IQ Report E-Document

JUSTIFICATION

Risk management is the preventative process for managing risks. Risk management involves identifying risks, strategizing ways to avoid or mitigate those risks and developing a contingency plan in case risks cannot be prevented or avoided. According to The Medical and Public Health Law Site, health care risk management goes beyond the protection of a business operations and finances; it involves understanding how risks can impact patients. One of the most important features of health care risk management is ensuring the continuity of patient care. This means that hospitals and doctors' offices have to consider how risks can be managed in a way that does not disrupt a patient's treatment. As risk management continues to evolve and become more professionalized, there is a need for a sound, reliable and up-to-date resource to guide people. This course, which will be a required course for all students in the program, will provide and assist current and future risk managers in fulfilling their crucial function by providing context,

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sharing experience, and offering insights into today’s challenges in health care administration.

Appendix E

CSULB HCA COMPETENCIES - From ACHE Competencies Assessment Tool, 2010

The Healthcare Leadership Alliance (HLA) Competency Directory is comprised of 297 specific competencies, organized into 5 domains (http://www.healthcareleadershipalliance.org/). CSULB’s Health Care Administration Department has adopted these competencies as the basis for its curriculum, effective 2010. The domains are listed and defined below, with the principal areas included in each domain. HCA graduates are expected to demonstrate competence in aspects of all five domain areas.

Domain 1 – Communication and Relationship Management. The ability to communicate clearly and concisely with internal customers, establishes and maintains relations, and facilitates constructive interactions with individuals and groups.

A. Relationship ManagementB. Communication SkillsC. Facilitation and Negotiation

Domain 2 – Leadership. The ability to inspire individual and organizational excellence, create a shared vision and successfully manage change to attain the organization’s strategic ends and successful performance. According to the HLA model, leadership intersects with each of the other four domains.

A. Leadership Skills and BehaviorB. Organizational Climate and CultureC. Communicating VisionD. Manage Change

Domain 3 – Professionalism. The ability to align personal and organizational conduct with ethical and professional standards that include a responsibility to the patient and community, a service orientation, and a commitment to lifelong learning and improvement.

A. Personal and Professional AccountabilityB. Professional Development and Lifelong LearningC. Contributions to the Community and Profession

Domain 4 – Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment. The understanding of the healthcare system and the environment in which healthcare managers and providers function.

A. Healthcare Systems and OrganizationsB. Healthcare PersonnelC. The Patient’s PerspectiveD. The Community and the Environment

Domain 5 – Business Skills and Knowledge. The ability to apply business principles, including systems thinking, to the healthcare environment.

A. General ManagementB. Financial ManagementC. Human Resource ManagementD. Organizational Dynamics and GovernanceE. Strategic Planning and MarketingF. Information ManagementG. Risk ManagementH. Quality Improvement

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"Students with Disabilities:Students with disabilities who need reasonable modifications, special assistance, or accommodations in this course should promptly direct their request to the course instructors.  If a student with a disability feels that modifications, special assistance, or accommodations offered are inappropriate or insufficient, s/he should seek the assistance of the Director of Disabled Student Services on campus."

My Rubric for Grading Research Paper

Levels of Writing Quality Research Paper for the Following Classes(HCA 417i, 410, 422i, 457i and 468)

Writing quality research paper for my course will be evaluated using the features defining the four levels. A passing grade for the writing quality of the paper will be achieved by writing at Level 3.

Level 1 Writing (Beginner). Features of these papers: Ill-defined or no thesis Unfocused sense of audience Inadequate organization and/or development Inappropriate or insufficient details to support ideas Does not demonstrate understanding of topic beyond a surface level Multiple errors in grammar, diction, sentence structure, or spelling

Level 2 Writing (Novice). Features of these papers: Vague purpose or multiple purposes Sense of audience wavers Evident but inconsistent development Does not advance an argument with adequate support Demonstrates some understanding of the topic, but does make connections among ideas Lack of language facility with frequent errors

Level 3 Writing (proficient). Features of these papers: Expresses a clear, coherent thesis Sticks to the purpose and provides adequate transitions among ideas Connects ideas within the material and to other ideas and sources Moves beyond surface understanding and demonstrates facility with topical and disciplinary

knowledge Conveys a sense of audience with appropriate use of disciplinary language Advances argument with sound evidence and references

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Readability enhanced by facility with language and sentence conventions

Level 4 Writing (Advanced). Features of these papers: Insightful, creative or skillfully designed purpose Sense of audience demonstrated through form and language Demonstrates disciplinary understanding and interconnections; makes links that suggest the

discovery of new information or new ways of designing/displaying information Effective organization contributes to full development of presentation Innovatively or expertly advances argument with well-researched evidence and

documentation Work enhanced by facility in language use, range of diction, and syntactic variety

Dichotomous Scale for Evaluating Writing

Yes No Substance ___ ___ 1. Paper addresses the issue.

___ ___ 2. Paper has a focus, central idea. ___ ___ 3. Paper develops major aspects of the central idea. ___ ___ 4. Paper shows awareness of importance of main

ideas.

Organization ___ ___ 5. Structure or pattern of the paper is clear. ___ ___ 6. Paper has an introduction, development, and

conclusion. ___ ___ 7. Each paragraph is coherent. ___ ___ 8. Transitions from one idea to next are logical.

Mechanics ___ ___ 9. Sentence structure is coherent___ ___ 10. Sentences are not awkward. ___ ___ 11. Sentences are varied. ___ ___ 12. Errors in use of verbs are few.___ ___ 13. Errors in use of pronouns are few. ___ ___ 14. Errors in use of modifiers are few.___ ___ 15. Errors in word usage are few.___ ___ 16. Punctuation errors are few.___ ___ 17. Spelling errors are few.

Evidence ___ ___ 18. Statements are accurate. ___ ___ 19. Opinions are adequately supported.

___ ___ 20. Sources are identified and documented appropriately.

Mechanics (alternative) ___ ___ Paper shows control of grammar.

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___ ___ Paper shows control of syntax.___ ___ Paper has few misspellings.

Appendix D

CRITERIA FOR GRADINGA Grade

Participate in all group activities/assignments/discussions Take all quizzes (92%) Write a research paper (must include 10 references, not less than 7 pages, written

in APA style, must grammatically sound, and must be a very good quality report) Take mid-term examination (must score 92%) Take final exam (must score 92%)

B Grade

Participate in all group activities/assignments/discussions Take all quizzes (85% or higher) Take mid-term examination (must score 85% or higher) Take final exam (must score 85% or higher) Research paper acceptable

C Grade Participate in all group activities/assignments/discussions Take all quizzes (75%) Take mid-term examination (must score 75% or higher) Take final examination (must score 75% or higher) Poor final research paper

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